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Djemai S, Mekroud A, Hide G, Khelifi D, Bellil I. Investigation into the potential of using UV-treated sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella as a local solution to immunization of chickens against caecal coccidiosis. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:238-245. [PMID: 37193498 PMCID: PMC10182205 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aim to evaluate the immune response of chickens to UV-treated sporulated oocysts as a means of protection against caecal coccidiosis caused by field strains of Eimeria tenella. Two groups of chicks were immunized using prepared UV-treated oocysts of E. tenella and challenged at day 20 post hatching. The first group was immunized only once at day 1 post hatching, the second group was immunized twice (day 1 and day 8 post hatching). Two non-immunized control groups were used: the first group was challenged with E. tenella, while the second group remained uninfected. The effectiveness of immunization on production and animal health was evaluated by the following criteria: body weight, feed conversion ratio, blood in faeces, mortality, lesion scores and oocyst output. The two immunized groups showed a significantly better performance in body weight, weight gain and lesion scores than the non-immunized group. However, all three groups performed significantly worse than the unchallenged group. The mortality of the non-immunized infected group was high (70%) while mortality in both immunized and unchallenged groups of chickens was significantly lower (range 2.2 to 4.4%) than the infected group (p < 0.05). The production of oocysts in faeces, post-infection, was significantly higher in the non-immunized group compared to the immunized group (p < 0.05) and both were significantly higher than the uninfected group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, immunization by prepared UV-irradiated oocysts is effective in stimulating at least a partial protective immunity in immunized chickens against caecal coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Djemai
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Pathologie Animale Développement des Elevages et Surveillance de la Chaine Alimentaire des Denrées Animales ou d’origine Animale (PADESCA), Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Abdeslam Mekroud
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Pathologie Animale Développement des Elevages et Surveillance de la Chaine Alimentaire des Denrées Animales ou d’origine Animale (PADESCA), Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Geoff Hide
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Daoudi Khelifi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biochimie Biotechnolgies Végétales (BBGV), University of Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Inès Bellil
- Laboratoire de Génétique Biochimie Biotechnolgies Végétales (BBGV), University of Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
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Zhou Y, Ye X, Wang B, Ying J, Zeng Z, Tang L, Wang Q, Zou P, Zhan X, Fu L. Protective Effects of Pidotimod Against Salmonella Infections. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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El-Ashram SA, Aboelhadid SM, Gadelhaq SM, Arafa WM, Abdel-Razik ARH, Abohamra S, Abdelaziz KT. Oral inoculation of ultraviolet-irradiated Eimeria species oocysts protects chickens against coccidiosis. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3173-3183. [PMID: 31606835 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of coccidiosis is one of the best ways of controlling disease. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the protective effect of ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated sporulated oocysts of Eimeria species against coccidiosis in layer chickens. One hundred forty-four one-day-old layer chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 36), including non-immunized/non-challenged negative control group (NC group), non-immunized/challenged control group (NIC group), non-irradiated sporulated oocyst/challenged group (CA group), and UV-irradiated sporulated oocyst/challenged (UV group). At the age of 4 days, chickens in groups UV and CA were both orally inoculated with 1.0 × 104 UV-irradiated and non-irradiated sporulated oocysts of Eimeria species, respectively. Chickens in groups NIC and NC were served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Chickens in all groups were orally challenged with 7.5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria species except the NC group at the age of 21 days. The results revealed that chicks receiving UV-irradiated sporulated oocysts had no signs of illness with minimal or no changes in the cecal integrity and a significantly lower oocyst shedding (OPG) than in the NIC group. Additionally, the cytokine gene expression profiles were evaluated. Expression levels of IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ were significantly higher in the spleen of chicks in the UV and CA groups than in the NC group post-challenge. As expected, treatment with irradiated oocysts resulted in a significant reduction in oocyst shedding and maintenance of cecal mucosal integrity. Furthermore, the body weight was higher in chickens inoculated with UV-irradiated oocysts than their non-irradiated counterparts. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that inoculation with UV-irradiated sporulated oocysts of Eimeria species can produce a substantial reduction in infection symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed A El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan Street, Foshan, 528231, Guangdong Province, China.
- Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Sahar M Gadelhaq
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Walid M Arafa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Razik H Abdel-Razik
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Salama Abohamra
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Khaled T Abdelaziz
- Department of pathology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
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Mirza Alizadeh A, Jazaeri S, Shemshadi B, Hashempour-Baltork F, Sarlak Z, Pilevar Z, Hosseini H. A review on inactivation methods of Toxoplasma gondii in foods. Pathog Glob Health 2018; 112:306-319. [PMID: 30346249 PMCID: PMC6381540 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2018.1514137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a widespread zoonotic protozoan which poses a great threat to human health and economic well-being worldwide. It is usually acquired by ingestion of water contaminated with oocysts from the feces of infected cats or by the ingestion of raw or undercooked foodstuff containing tissue cysts. The oocyst can contaminate irrigation water and fresh edible produce. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the human population worldwide harbor this parasite. Infection with T. gondii is an important cause of diseases of the central nervous system and the eye in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and applicability of thermal (heating, cooking, freezing and low temperature), non-thermal (high pressure processing, ionizing irradiation and curing) and chemical and biochemical (disinfection, essential oils and biochemical methods such as enzymes, nanoparticles, antibiotics and immune response) treatments for the inactivation, inhabitation or to kill T. gondii in foodstuff intended for public consumption and under experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Mirza Alizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Jazaeri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Shemshadi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran
| | - Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sarlak
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Pilevar
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Qu S, Dai C, Qiu M, Zhang R, Wang C, Cui L, Hao Z. Effects of pidotimod soluble powder and immune enhancement of Newcastle disease vaccine in chickens. Immunol Lett 2017; 187:14-18. [PMID: 28487096 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to prepare pidotimod (PDM) soluble powder and to investigate the immune enhancement properties of PDM in chickens vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus vaccine. In vivo experiment, 360 6-day-old chickens were averagely divided into 6 groups. The chickens, except blank control (BC) group, were vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV). At the same time of the vaccination, the chickens in three PDM groups were given water with PDM for 5days, respectively, with the PDM at low, medium and high concentrations (0.25g/L, 0.5g/L, 1g/L), in control drug group was treated with 0.2ml/PDM dose via drinking water, in vaccination control (VC) and BC group, with equal volume physiological saline, once a day for five successive days. On days 14, 21 and 28 after the vaccination, the growth performance, the lymphocyte proliferation, serum antibody titer, the CD4/CD8 cell ratios and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured. The results showed that PDM at suitable dose could significantly promote growth performance, lymphocyte proliferation, enhance serum antibody titer, CD4/CD8 cell ratios and improve serum IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations. It indicated that PDM could significantly improve the immune efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine using doses of 0.5g/L, these results are consistent with the drug acting as an immunopotentiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Qu
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Technology, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Cunchun Dai
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Technology, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Mei Qiu
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Technology, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Technology, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chunyuan Wang
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Technology, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Liangliang Cui
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Technology, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Agricultural Bio-pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Technology, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Ducournau C, Nguyen TT, Carpentier R, Lantier I, Germon S, Précausta F, Pisella PJ, Leroux H, Van Langendonck N, Betbeder D, Dimier-Poisson I. Synthetic parasites: a successful mucosal nanoparticle vaccine against Toxoplasma congenital infection in mice. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:393-405. [PMID: 28339296 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Development of protein vaccine to prevent congenital infection is a major public health priority. Our goal is the design of mucosal synthetic pathogen inducing protective immune responses against congenital toxoplasmosis. MATERIALS & METHODS Mice were immunized intranasally, establishing pregnancy and challenging orally. Placental immune response, congenital infection, pup growth, parasitic load rates were studied. RESULTS Pups born to vaccinated infected dams had significantly fewer brain cysts, no intraocular inflammation and normal growth. Protection was associated with a placental cellular Th1 response downregulated by IL-6 and correlated with persistence of vaccine for few hours in the nose before being totally eliminated. CONCLUSION Our vaccine conferred high protection against congenital toxoplasmosis. These results provide support for future studies of other congenital vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Ducournau
- Immunologie Parasitaire et Vaccinologie, Biothérapies Anti-Infectieuses, Université de Tours-INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, UFR Pharmacie, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Thi Tl Nguyen
- Immunologie Parasitaire et Vaccinologie, Biothérapies Anti-Infectieuses, Université de Tours-INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, UFR Pharmacie, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Rodolphe Carpentier
- Centre International de Recherche sur l'Inflammation de Lille LIRIC -UMR 995 Inserm/Université Lille 2/CHRU Lille. Innovation thérapeutique ciblant l'inflammation. Groupe Nanomédecine, Faculté de Médecine, F-59045 Lille Cedex, France.,Université d'Artois, rue du Temple, 62030 ARRAS, France
| | - Isabelle Lantier
- Laboratoire d'Expertise en Infection Animale, INRA-Université de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Stéphanie Germon
- Immunologie Parasitaire et Vaccinologie, Biothérapies Anti-Infectieuses, Université de Tours-INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, UFR Pharmacie, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Flavien Précausta
- Immunologie Parasitaire et Vaccinologie, Biothérapies Anti-Infectieuses, Université de Tours-INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, UFR Pharmacie, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Pisella
- Immunologie Parasitaire et Vaccinologie, Biothérapies Anti-Infectieuses, Université de Tours-INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, UFR Pharmacie, F-37000 Tours, France
| | - Hervé Leroux
- Laboratoire d'Expertise en Infection Animale, INRA-Université de Tours, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Didier Betbeder
- Centre International de Recherche sur l'Inflammation de Lille LIRIC -UMR 995 Inserm/Université Lille 2/CHRU Lille. Innovation thérapeutique ciblant l'inflammation. Groupe Nanomédecine, Faculté de Médecine, F-59045 Lille Cedex, France.,Université d'Artois, rue du Temple, 62030 ARRAS, France
| | - Isabelle Dimier-Poisson
- Immunologie Parasitaire et Vaccinologie, Biothérapies Anti-Infectieuses, Université de Tours-INRA, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, UFR Pharmacie, F-37000 Tours, France
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7
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Li YL, Fu AK, Chen HL, Li WF, Fu LQ. Potentiating effect of pidotimod on immune responses of chickens to live attenuated Newcastle disease vaccines. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1218305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Kun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Wei-Fen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luo-Qin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition and Feed Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Zorgi NE, Galisteo AJ, Sato MN, do Nascimento N, de Andrade HF. Immunity in the spleen and blood of mice immunized with irradiated Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. Med Microbiol Immunol 2016; 205:297-314. [PMID: 26732075 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-015-0447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infection induces a strong and long-lasting immune response that is able to prevent most reinfections but allows tissue cysts. Irradiated, sterilized T. gondii tachyzoites are an interesting vaccine, and they induce immunity that is similar to infection, but without cysts. In this study, we evaluated the cellular immune response in the blood and spleen of mice immunized with this preparation by mouth (v.o.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) and analyzed the protection after challenge with viable parasites. BALB/c mice were immunized with three i.p. or v.o. doses of irradiated T. gondii tachyzoites. Oral challenge with ten cysts of the ME-49 or VEG strain at 90 days after the last dose resulted in high levels of protection with low parasite burden in the immunized animals. There were higher levels of specific IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies in the serum, and the i.p. immunized mice had higher levels of the high-affinity IgG and IgM antibodies than the orally immunized mice, which had more high-affinity IgA antibodies. B cells (CD19(+)), plasma cells (CD138(+)) and the CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations were increased in both the blood and spleen. Cells from the spleen of the i.p. immunized mice also showed antigen-induced production of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). The CD4(+) T cells, B cells and likely CD8(+) T cells from the spleens of the i.p. immunized mice proliferated with a specific antigen. The protection was correlated with the spleen and blood CD8(+) T cell, high-affinity IgG and IgM and antigen-induced IL-10 and IL-4 production. Immunization with irradiated T. gondii tachyzoites induces an immune response that is mediated by B cells and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, with increased humoral and cellular immune responses that are necessary for host protection after infection. The vaccine is similar to natural infection, but free of tissue cysts; this immunity restrains infection at challenge and can be an attractive and efficient model for vaccine development in toxoplasmosis.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Protozoan/blood
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Blood/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunity, Humoral
- Immunoglobulin A/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin M/blood
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Male
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Protozoan Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Protozoan Vaccines/immunology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Toxoplasma/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/prevention & control
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahiara Esteves Zorgi
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédica, USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Edifício Biomédicas II Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05508-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, FMUSP, USP, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 1° Andar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Andrés Jimenez Galisteo
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, FMUSP, USP, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 1° Andar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Departamento de Dermatologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, FMUSP, USP, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 3° Andar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Nanci do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN, Rua Travessa 400, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Heitor Franco de Andrade
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédica, USP, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Edifício Biomédicas II Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05508-000, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Protozoologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, FMUSP, USP, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 470, 1° Andar, São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05403-000, Brazil.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Zhang NZ, Wang M, Xu Y, Petersen E, Zhu XQ. Recent advances in developing vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii: an update. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1609-21. [PMID: 26467840 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1098539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii, a significant public health risk, is able to infect almost all warm-blooded animals including humans, and it results in economic losses in production animals. In the last three years, a large number of vaccination experiments have been performed to control T. gondii infection, with the target of limiting the acute infection and reducing or eliminating tissue cysts in the intermediate hosts. In this paper, we summarize the latest results of the veterinary vaccines against T. gondii infection since 2013. Immunization with live-attenuated whole organisms of non-reverting mutants has been shown to induce remarkably potent immune responses associated with control of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. The non-cyst-forming mutants are promising new tools for the development of veterinary vaccines against T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Zhang Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , PR China.,b Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Eskild Petersen
- c Department of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences , Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Lanzhou , PR China
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10
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Kannan G, Prandovszky E, Steinfeldt CB, Gressitt KL, Yang C, Yolken RH, Severance EG, Jones-Brando L, Pletnikov MV. One minute ultraviolet exposure inhibits Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite replication and cyst conversion without diminishing host humoral-mediated immune response. Exp Parasitol 2014; 145:110-7. [PMID: 25131777 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed a protocol to inactivate Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) tachyzoites employing 1 min of ultraviolet (UV) exposure. We show that this treatment completely inhibited parasite replication and cyst formation in vitro and in vivo but did not affect the induction of a robust IgG response in mice. We propose that our protocol can be used to study the contribution of the humoral immune response to rodent behavioral alterations following T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Kannan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Emese Prandovszky
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Curtis B Steinfeldt
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kristin L Gressitt
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - ChunXia Yang
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Robert H Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Emily G Severance
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Lorraine Jones-Brando
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mikhail V Pletnikov
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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11
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Muñoz Caro T, Hermosilla C, Silva LMR, Cortes H, Taubert A. Neutrophil extracellular traps as innate immune reaction against the emerging apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91415. [PMID: 24618849 PMCID: PMC3950022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle is an important emerging protozoan disease in Europe causing economic losses and severe clinical signs, such as generalized dermatitis, orchitis, and vulvitis in affected animals. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation was recently demonstrated as an important effector mechanism of PMN acting against several invading pathogens. In the present study, interactions of bovine PMN with tachyzoites of B. besnoiti were investigated in this respect in vitro. For the demonstration and quantification of NETs, extracellular DNA was stained by Sytox Orange or Pico Green. Fluorescent illustrations as well as scanning electron microscopy analyses (SEM) showed PMN-promoted NET formation rapidly being induced upon contact with B. besnoiti tachyzoites. Co-localization of extracellular DNA with histones, neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in parasite entrapping structures confirmed the classical characteristics of NET. Exposure of PMN to viable, UV attenuated and dead tachyzoites showed a significant induction of NET formation, but even tachyzoite homogenates significantly promoted NETs when compared to negative controls. NETs were abolished by DNase treatment and were reduced after PMN preincubation with NADPH oxidase-, NE- and MPO-inhibitors. Tachyzoite-triggered NET formation led to parasite entrapment as quantitative assays indicated that about one third of tachyzoites were immobilized in NETs. In consequence, tachyzoites were hampered from active invasion of host cells. Thus, transfer of tachyzoites, previously being confronted with PMN, to adequate host cells resulted in significantly reduced infection rates when compared to PMN-free infection controls. To our knowledge, we here report for the first time B. besnoiti-induced NET formation. Our results indicate that PMN-triggered extracellular traps may represent an important effector mechanism of the host early innate immune response against B. besnoiti which may lead to diminishment of initial parasite infection rates during the acute infection phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Muñoz Caro
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana M. R. Silva
- ICAAM–Instituto Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Helder Cortes
- ICAAM–Instituto Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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