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El-Shehabi F, Mansour B, Bayoumi WA, El Bialy SA, Elmorsy MA, Eisa HM, Taman A. Homology modelling, molecular dynamics simulation and docking evaluation of β-tubulin of Schistosoma mansoni. Biophys Chem 2021; 278:106660. [PMID: 34482215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected diseases causing considerable morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Microtubules with its main component, tubulin play a vital role in helminthes including schistosomes. Benzimidazoles represent potential drug candidates by binding β-tubulin. The study aimed to generate a homology model for the β-tubulin of S. mansoni using the crystal structure of O visaries (Sheep) β-tubulin (PDB ID: 3N2G D) as a template, then different β-tubulin models were generated and two previously reported benzimidazole derivatives (NBTP-F and NBTP-OH) were docked to the generated models, the binding results indicated that both S. mansoni, S. haematobium were susceptible to the two NBTP derivatives. Additionally, three mutated versions of S. mansoni β-tubulin wild-type were generated and the mutation (F185Y) seems to slightly enhance the ligand binding. Dynamics simulation experiments showed S. haematobium β-tubulin is highly susceptible to the tested compounds; similar to S. mansoni, moreover, mutated models of S. mansoni β-tubulin altered its NBTPs susceptibility. Moreover, additional seven new benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and tested by molecular docking on the generated model binding site of S. mansoni β-tubulin and were found to have good interaction inside the pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouad El-Shehabi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Basem Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City 11152, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Waleed A Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City 11152, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Serry A El Bialy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Elmorsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City 11152, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hassan M Eisa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira Taman
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Probst A, Chisanga K, Dziwornu GA, Haeberli C, Keiser J, Chibale K. Expanding the Activity Profile of Pyrido[1,2- a]benzimidazoles: Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel N1-1-Phenylethanamine Derivatives against Schistosoma mansoni. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1032-1043. [PMID: 32786285 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Praziquantel is the only widely available drug to treat schistosomiasis. With very few candidates currently in the drug development pipeline, there is an urgent need to discover and develop novel antischistosomal drugs. In this regard, the pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole (PBI) scaffold has emerged as a promising chemotype in hit-to-lead efforts. Here, we report a novel series of antischistosomal PBIs with potent in vitro activity (IC50 values of 0.08-1.43 μM) against Schistosoma mansoni newly transformed schistosomula and adult worms. Moreover, the current PBIs demonstrated good hepatic microsomal stability (>70% of drug remaining after 30 min) and were nontoxic to the Chinese hamster ovarian and human liver HepG2 cells, though toxicity (selectivity index, SI < 10) against the rat L6 myoblast cell line was observed. The compounds showed a small therapeutic window but were efficacious in vivo, exhibiting moderate to high worm burden reductions of 35.8-89.6% in S. mansoni-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Probst
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, P.O. Box CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Chisanga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | | | - Cécile Haeberli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, P.O. Box CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, P.O. Box CH-4003, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery Unit, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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El Bialy SA, Mansour B, Bayoumi WA, Taman A, Eissa HM. Novel 2-(5-Aryl)thiophen-2-yl)benzimidazoles; Design, Synthesis and In vitro Evaluation Against Cercarial Phase of Schistosoma mansoni. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999200523181211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Literature survey has pointed out that Benzimidazoles represent an interesting
class of anthelmintics, of which several potent members were developed.
Objective:
Benzimidazoles hybridized with pharmacophoric moieties possessing anthelmintic activity
were designed, synthesized to be evaluated against cercaria.
Methods:
Structural modification was achieved through 2- and 5-positions. Moreover, an in vitro
cercarial assay was adopted to evaluate target compounds.
Results and Discussion:
Biological screening revealed that compound 3h showed significant activity
with a survival index of 35% at a 100 μg/mL concentration. Whereas, compounds 3a and 3c
showed moderate activity, the rest of the tested compounds exhibited low activity.
Conclusion:
The current study evidenced that the new hybrids "benzimidazole-thiophen-aryl" are
successful as cercacidal agents. Further studies of this novel tri-ring system are suggested on adult
worms of S. mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serry Atta El Bialy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Basem Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Waleed Abdelhakeem Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Amira Taman
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Hassan Mohammed Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Therapeutic efficacy of a newly synthesized benzimidazole compound BTP-OH against murine schistosomiasis mansoni. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e172. [PMID: 32665046 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x20000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Because of the increasingly emerging praziquantel resistance, there is a crucial need to develop new anti-schistosomal agents. This work was conducted to assess the therapeutic efficacy of a new benzimidazole compound (BTP-OH) in mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni. A total of 40 Swiss albino female mice were divided into an infected untreated group and three infected treated groups (using praziquantel and BTP-OH). The compound activity was evaluated through parasitological, histopathological and scanning electron microscopy studies. Praziquantel and BTP-OH at both doses significantly reduced male (75%, 42.67% and 61.08%, respectively), female (71.45%, 48.94% and 68.13%, respectively) and total worm burden (75.21%, 42.42% and 62.28%, respectively), as well as tissue egg load in the liver (71.22%, 42.12% and 66.04%, respectively). In oogram, praziquantel significantly increased the percentage of dead eggs (65.89%), while BTP-OH significantly reduced the percentage of immature eggs (30.43% and 19.64%). BTP-OH significantly diminished granuloma count (33.87% and 44.77%) and diameter (39.23% and 49.40%), and caused ultrastructural changes in the tegument of adult schistosomes. This study provides evidence for the schistosomicidal efficacy of BTP-OH. However, future studies are needed to elucidate the full mechanisms of action and effects of BTP-OH on other human schistosomes.
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Dziwornu GA, Attram HD, Gachuhi S, Chibale K. Chemotherapy for human schistosomiasis: how far have we come? What's new? Where do we go from here? RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:455-490. [PMID: 33479649 PMCID: PMC7593896 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, schistosomiasis threatens more than 700 million lives, mostly children, in poor localities of tropical and sub-tropical areas with morbidity due to acute and chronic pathological manifestations of the disease. After a century since the first antimonial-based drugs were introduced to treat the disease, anti-schistosomiasis drug development is again at a bottleneck with only one drug, praziquantel, available for treatment purposes. This review focuses on promising chemotypes as potential starting points in a drug discovery effort to meet the urgent need for new schistosomicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Akpeko Dziwornu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa . ; Tel: +27 21 6502553
| | - Henrietta Dede Attram
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa . ; Tel: +27 21 6502553
| | - Samuel Gachuhi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa . ; Tel: +27 21 6502553
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa . ; Tel: +27 21 6502553
- Drug Discovery and Development Centre (H3D) , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa
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Effect of a newly synthesized quinoline-based compound (PPQ-8) on murine schistosomiasis mansoni. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e123. [PMID: 32029011 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x2000005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis represents a public health problem and praziquantel is the only drug used for treatment of all forms of the disease. Thus, the development of new anti-schistosomal agents is of utmost importance to increase the effectiveness, reduce side effects and delay the emergence of resistance. The present study was conducted to report the therapeutic efficacy of PPQ-8, a new synthetic quinoline-based compound against Schistosoma mansoni. Mice were treated with PPQ-8 at day 49 post infection using two treatment regimens (20 and 40 mg/kg). Significant reductions were recorded in hepatic (62.9% and 83.6%) and intestinal tissue egg load (57.4% and 73.5%), granuloma count (75.4% and 89.1%) and diameter (26.2% and 47.3%), in response to the drug regimens, respectively. In addition, both treatment regimens induced significant decrease in liver (23.3% and 32.8%) and spleen (37.5% and 45.3%) indices. Also, there were significant reductions in mature ova, total worm and female count, which were more prominent with the higher dose. The reduction in the level of nitric oxide in the liver by both therapeutic regimens to 22.5% and 47.2% indicates the anti-oxidant activity of PPQ-8. Bright field microscopic examination of worms recovered from infected and PPQ-8-treated mice showed nearly empty intestinal caeca with no observable changes in the tegument. Our findings hold promise for the development of a novel anti-schistosomal drug using PPQ-8, but further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to elucidate the possible mechanism/s of action and to study the effect of PPQ-8 on other human schistosomes.
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Abstract
Praziquantel has remained the drug of choice for schistosomiasis chemotherapy for almost 40 years. The pressing need to develop a new antischistosomal drug may necessitate exploring and filtering chemotherapeutic history to search for the most promising ones. In this context, this review attempts to summarize all progress made in schistosomiasis chemotherapy from the early 20th century (mid-1910s) to 2016. We gathered almost 100 compounds providing information on therapeutic action, specifically covering at least first in vivo studies in animal model and in vitro. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of antischistosomal agents were also described. Preclinical studies indicate a handful of promising future candidates.
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Taman A, El-Beshbishi SN, Bardicy SE, Tadros M, Ayoub M, Mansour B, El-Bialy S. In vitro screening of BTP-Iso on Schistosoma mansoni and its intermediate host Biomphalaria alexandrina. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Spotlight on the in vitro effect of artemisinin-naphthoquine phosphate on Schistosoma mansoni and its snail host Biomphalaria alexandrina. Acta Trop 2015; 141:37-45. [PMID: 25291045 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Malaria and schistosomiasis are the two most important parasitic diseases in the tropics and sub-tropics with geographic overlap. Efforts have been made for developing new schistosomicidal drugs, or testing existing drugs originally used for non-related diseases. The antimalarial artemisinin-naphthoquine phosphate combination (CO-ArNp) was recently reported to be a promising novel antischistosomal therapy with potent in vivo activity against Schistosoma mansoni. In this work, we report the in vitro dose- and time-response effect of CO-ArNp against the Egyptian strain of S. mansoni, and its snail host, Biomphalaria alexandrina. Incubation of adult S. mansoni with CO-ArNp at 40 or 20 μg/ml for 48 or 72 h killed all worms. Exposure of S. mansoni miracidia and cercariae to the molluscicidal LC50 of CO-ArNp (16.8 μg/ml) resulted in 100% mortality of the free larval stages within 90 and 15 min, respectively. Moreover, incubation of adult B. alexandrina snails with this drug combination killed all snails at 40 μg/ml within 24h. Scanning electron microscope revealed marked morphological and tegumental alterations on the different stages of the parasite and its snail soft tissue. Our study highlights the schistosomicidal and molluscicidal effects of artemisinin-naphthoquine phosphate. No doubt more studies are needed to clarify its potential value to control schistosomiasis.
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Panic G, Duthaler U, Speich B, Keiser J. Repurposing drugs for the treatment and control of helminth infections. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2014; 4:185-200. [PMID: 25516827 PMCID: PMC4266803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing continues to be the central drug discovery strategy for helminths. Most repurposed drugs come from veterinary medicine and known drug classes. Only a handful of drugs have advanced clinically. More collaborations and funding are needed to advance discoveries to the market.
Helminth infections are responsible for a considerable public health burden, yet the current drug armamentarium is small. Given the high cost of drug discovery and development, the high failure rates and the long duration to develop novel treatments, drug repurposing circumvents these obstacles by finding new uses for compounds other than those they were initially intended to treat. In the present review, we summarize in vivo and clinical trial findings testing clinical candidates and marketed drugs against schistosomes, food-borne trematodes, soil-transmitted helminths, Strongyloides stercoralis, the major human filariases lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, taeniasis, neurocysticercosis and echinococcosis. While expanding the applications of broad-spectrum or veterinary anthelmintics continues to fuel alternative treatment options, antimalarials, antibiotics, antiprotozoals and anticancer agents appear to be producing fruitful results as well. The trematodes and nematodes continue to be most investigated, while cestodal drug discovery will need to be accelerated. The most clinically advanced drug candidates include the artemisinins and mefloquine against schistosomiasis, tribendimidine against liver flukes, oxantel pamoate against trichuriasis, and doxycycline against filariasis. Preclinical studies indicate a handful of promising future candidates, and are beginning to elucidate the broad-spectrum activity of some currently used anthelmintics. Challenges and opportunities are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jennifer Keiser
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. Box, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. Tel.: +41 61 284 8218; fax: +41 61 284 8105.
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Taman A, Azab M. Present-day anthelmintics and perspectives on future new targets. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:2425-33. [PMID: 24894082 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In absence of vaccines for the majority of helminths, chemotherapy is still the mainstay for controlling human helminthiases. However, a limited number of drugs are available in the market to combat parasitic helminths in human. Besides, the development and spread of drug resistance have declined the use of most currently available anthelmintics. Clearly, availability of new anthelmintic agents will be essential in the next few years. More research into the mechanisms of drug actions and their targets are eminent for the discovery and development of novel anthelmintic agents. Recent drug discovery techniques mostly rely on mechanism-based screening of compounds on heterologously expressed targets in bacterial, mammalian or yeast cells. Although this is usually a successful approach, it is money- and time-consuming; meanwhile, pharmaceutical companies prefer the tested target that is chosen based on basic research. The nervous system is the site of action of several chemotherapeutics including pesticides and antinematode drugs; accordingly, the nervous system continues to be a promising target. Recent advances in exploring helminths' nervous system, neurotransmitters and receptors have paved the way for the development of potential agents targeting the nervous system and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Taman
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt,
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