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Abbas N, Hafez AM. Alpha-Cypermethrin Resistance in Musca domestica: Resistance Instability, Realized Heritability, Risk Assessment, and Insecticide Cross-Resistance. INSECTS 2023; 14:233. [PMID: 36975918 PMCID: PMC10058011 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Musca domestica L., the common house fly, is a cosmopolitan carrier of human and livestock disease pathogens. The species exhibits resistance to many insecticides; therefore, effective M. domestica insecticide resistance management programs are required worldwide. In the present study, the development of alpha-cypermethrin resistance, realized heritability (h2), instability of resistance trait (DR), and cross-resistance (CR) was investigated in an alpha-cypermethrin-selected M. domestica strain (Alpha-Sel) across 24 generations (Gs). Compared with an alpha-cypermethrin-unselected strain (Alpha-Unsel), resistance to alpha-cypermethrin increased from 46.4-fold (G5) to 474.2-fold (G24) in Alpha-Sel females and 41.0-fold (G5) to 253.2-fold (G24) in Alpha-Sel males. Alpha-cypermethrin resistance declined by between -0.10 (G5) and -0.05 (G24) in both M. domestica sexes without insecticide exposure for 24 generations. The h2 of alpha-cypermethrin resistance was 0.17 and 0.18 for males and females, respectively, in G1-G24. With selection intensities of 10-90%, the G values required for a tenfold increase in the LC50 of alpha-cypermethrin were 6.3-53.7, 4.1-33.8, and 3.0-24.7, given h2 values of 0.17, 0.27, and 0.37, respectively, and a constant slope of 2.1 for males and h2 values of 0.18, 0.28, and 0.38, respectively, and a constant slope of 2.0 for females. Compared with Alpha-Unsel, Alpha-Sel M. domestica exhibited moderate CR to bifenthrin (15.5-fold), deltamethrin (28.4-fold), and cyfluthrin (16.8-fold), low CR to two pyrethroids and five organophosphates, and no CR to insect growth regulators. The instability of resistance trait, low h2, and absent or low CR associated with alpha-cypermethrin resistance in M. domestica indicate resistance could be managed with rotational use of the insecticide.
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Zang LS, Akhtar ZR, Ali A, Tariq K, Campos MR. Flubendiamide Resistance and Its Mode of Inheritance in Tomato Pinworm Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:1023. [PMID: 36354846 PMCID: PMC9693368 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is the major pest of tomato crops in Pakistan. Insecticides are commonly used for the management of this insect-pest. To develop a better insecticide resistance management strategy and evaluate the risk of resistance evolution, a field collected population of the tomato pinworm was selected with flubendiamide in the laboratory. We investigated the genetics of flubendiamide resistance and concentration-mortality response to other insecticides by selecting a field strain of tomato pinworm with commercial flubendiamide formulation. Tuta absoluta was reciprocally crossed with resistant strain (Fluben-R) and was selected up to 13 generations, while F1 progeny was back-crossed with resistant parent (Fluben-R). The results of LC50 and Resistance Ratio (RR) demonstrated a higher resistance developed in field and laboratory-selected strains (G2 and G13, respectively). Field-collected and laboratory-selected (Fluben-R) strains demonstrated higher intensity of concentration-mortality response against chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, permethrin, abamectin and tebufenozide compared to susceptible ones. Based on the overlapping of 95% FL, it demonstrated significant differences, revealing that it was not sex linked (autosomal) with no maternal effects. The backcross analysis of the F1´ resistant parent resulting in significant differences at all concentrations suggests that resistance is controlled by more than one factor; the null hypothesis was rejected and inheritance was under polygenic control. Resistance progression from 38 to 550 folds demonstrated that T. absoluta can develop a higher level of resistance to flubendiamide. Concentration-mortality response experiments demonstrated that the LC50 of some tested insecticides was higher for field-collected and laboratory-selected strains, suggesting that resistance mechanisms should be studied at a molecular level for better understanding. These results could be helpful to design resistance management strategies against the tomato pinworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Sheng Zang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zunnu Raen Akhtar
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Kaleem Tariq
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Realized Heritability, Risk Assessment, and Inheritance Pattern in Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Resistant to Dipel ( Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki). Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14100686. [PMID: 36287955 PMCID: PMC9610588 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Earias vittella Fabricius is a potential cotton and okra pest in South Asia. The realized heritability, risk assessment, and inheritance mode of Bacillus thuringiensis Kurstaki (Btk) resistance were determined in the Dipel-selected (DIPEL-SEL) E. vittella. The DIPEL-SEL strain had a 127.56-fold rise in Dipel resistance after nine generations compared to the laboratory reference strain (LAB-PK). The overlapping of 95% fiducial limits in the median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of the F1 (DIPEL-SEL♂ × LAB-PK♀) and F1ǂ (DIPEL-SEL♀ × LAB-PK♂) suggested a lack of sex linkage and an autosomal Dipel resistance. The dominance (DLC) values for the F1 (0.86) and F1ǂ (0.94) indicated incompletely dominant resistance to Dipel. Backcrossing of the F1♀ × Lab-PK♂ revealed a polygenic response of resistance to Dipel. The realized heritability estimation (h2) of resistance to Dipel was 0.19. With 20% to 90% selection mortality, the generations required for a tenfold increase in LC50 of Dipel were 4.7–22.8, 3.1–14.9, and 2.3–11.1 at h2 of 0.19, 0.29, and 0.39, respectively, and a constant slope of 1.56. At slope values of 2.56 and 3.56 with a constant h2 = 0.19, 7.7–37.4 and 10.6–52.0 generations were needed to increase the tenfold LC50 of Dipel in the DIPEL-SEL E. vittella. It is concluded that the DIPEL-SEL E. vittella has an autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic nature of resistance. The h2 of 0.19 suggested that a high proportion of phenotypic variation for the Dipel resistance in E. vittella was heritable genetic variation. The present results will support the creation of an effective and suitable resistance management plan for better control of E. vittella.
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Hafez AM. Risk assessment of resistance to diflubenzuron in Musca domestica: Realized heritability and cross-resistance to fourteen insecticides from different classes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268261. [PMID: 35560149 PMCID: PMC9106163 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Musca domestica L. is a well-known vector for a number of livestock and human diseases. One major challenge for maintaining effective control of this pest is its propensity to develop resistance to insecticides. This study utilized laboratory selection and realized heritability methods to examine the risk of resistance development to diflubenzuron in Musca domestica L. Cross-resistance (CR) to fourteen other insecticides was measured in diflubenzuron-selected (Diflu-SEL) strain which was selected for 20 generations. The resistance ratio (RR) of Diflu-SEL larvae to diflubenzuron increased from 30.33 in generation five (G5) to 182.33 in G24 compared with the susceptible strain, while realized heritability (h2) was 0.08. The number of needed generations (G) for a tenfold increase in the median lethal concentration (LC50) for diflubenzuron ranged from 4 to 45 at h2 values of 0.08, 0.18, and 0.28, at a slope of 1.51. At h2 = 0.08 and slopes of 1.51, 2.51, and 3.51, the number of needed G for a tenfold increase in the LC50 ranged from 9 to 104. The level of CR shown by the Diflu-SEL strain to all other fourteen tested insecticides (insect growth regulators, organophosphates, and pyrethroids) was either absent or very low compared to the field population. The value of h2 and the absent or low CR indicate potential successful management of resistance to diflubenzuron and recommend the use of the tested insecticides in rotation with diflubenzuron to control M. domestica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahab M. Hafez
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Wazir S, Shad SA. Development of fipronil resistance, fitness cost, cross-resistance to other insecticides, stability, and risk assessment in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150026. [PMID: 34500277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are extensively used to control pests, diseases, and weeds in order to increase agricultural production. Usage of indiscriminate doses and persistent pesticides has not only caused resistance issues in insect pests but has also had deleterious effects on non-target organisms (beneficial insects, fish, and wildlife) and caused environmental contamination (soil, water, and air) through leaching, overflow, and insecticide spray drift. Exposure from eating food and drinking water contaminated to pesticide residues is also affecting human health. This study was conducted to obtain information to reduce pesticide resistance and environmental pollution. A cotton dusky bug (Oxycarenus hyalinipennis) population was collected from a farmer's field and exposed to fipronil for 18 generations. In comparison to an unselected strain (XYZ-FS) and a field population (Field-Popn), the fipronil-selected strain of O. hyalinipennis (XYZ-FR) developed a 2631.50-fold level of resistance and a 202.42-fold resistance level respectively. Significantly higher fecundity was observed in the XYZ-FS (24.93) compared to that of Hybrid2 (XYZ-FR ♀ XYZ-FS ♂) (17.60), Hybrid1 (XYZ-FR ♂ × XYZ-FS ♀) (17.13), and XYZ-FR (12.6). The intrinsic rate of natural increase, relative fitness and biotic potential were highest in XYZ-FS, followed by Hybrid2, Hybrid1, and XYZ-FR. The XYZ-FR strain of O. hyalinipennis had very low cross-resistance to profenofos (1.15-2.83-fold), and emamectin benzoate (1.09-2.86-fold) and moderate resistance to bifenthrin (5.49-24.54-fold) when selection progressed from G4 to G19. The proper use of this pesticide, along with rotation and a high-dose strategy may helpful to reduce the risk of resistance development and also its negative impacts on the environment and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Wazir
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Department of Entomology, Central Cotton Research Institute, Old Shujabad Road Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
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Showler AT, Harlien JL. Repellency of p-Anisaldehyde Against Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) in the Laboratory. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:2314-2320. [PMID: 34041548 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a nuisance pest often associated with livestock production, and it can also mechanically transmit the causal agents of human and veterinary diseases. We found that a 0.5% concentration of p-anisaldehyde, produced by many plants consumed by humans, repelled adult M. domestica in static air olfactometer tubes under laboratory conditions for ≥24 h, but by 48 h the repellent activity had worn off. Repellency, however, was not observed in response to 0.5% p-anisaldehyde that had been exposed to sunlight radiation lamps for 2 h. When p-anisaldehyde was aged in darkness for 48 h, it showed strong initial repellency for <1 h. The repellent action of 0.5% p-anisaldehyde was sufficient to keep adult M. domestica from landing on three different food sources when the botanical substance was misted onto the food sources, and when it was placed in proximity to, but not in contact with, the food sources. Extension of p-anisaldehyde's repellent action using solvents other than acetone is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan T Showler
- USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA
| | - Jessica L Harlien
- USDA-ARS, Knipling-Bushland U.S. Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Road, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA
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Kumaravel J, Lalitha K, Arunthirumeni M, Shivakumar MS. Mycosynthesis of bimetallic zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles for control of Spodoptera frugiperda. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104910. [PMID: 34446186 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is an important pest of several crops. Use of chemical insecticides in insect control has not been successful. In the present study, bio-nano formulation of bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized using fungal metabolites from Metarhizium anisopliae and tested for insecticidal activity. Metarhizium anisopliae metabolites was synthesized along with bimetallic nanoparticles at different volumes for bioassay studies. Bimetallic nanoparticles showed colour change from light greenish to white. Synthesis of bimetallic NPs was confirmed by UV-vis spectrophotometer, with absorption peak at 387 nm. Functional groups in the synthesized BMNPs were analyzed by FTIR, which showed the presence of functional amines, carboxylic acids, alkenes, alkyl halides, phosphine oxides, anhydrides, phosphines, sulfonates, acid chlorides and alkynes. XRD analysis confirms the crystalline nature of nanoparticles. SEM analysis exhibits, the nanoparticles to be spherical in shape with size ranging 9.50 nm. EDaX analysis confirmed the elemental composition of synthesized NPs, while DLS for size distribution ranging at 80 to 137 nm. The larvicidal activity of monometallic and mycogenic bimetallic nanoparticles were tested on third instar S. frugiperda larvae. The highest mortality was observed in BMNPs at a concentration of 100 μg/ml after 48 h exposure. Pupicidal and antifeedant activity was also observed in the tested BMNPs. Detoxification enzymes studies of BMNPs showed considerable lowering these enzyme which may result in toxic manifestation in the insect. These results strongly suggest that, bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized using M. anisopilae can be used for protecting the crops against S. furgiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaraman Kumaravel
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem -11, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kandhasamy Lalitha
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem -11, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugan Arunthirumeni
- Molecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Periyar University, Salem -11, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abbas N, Abubakar M, Hassan MW, Shad SA, Hafez AM. Risk Assessment of Flonicamid Resistance in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae): Resistance Monitoring, Inheritance, and Cross-Resistance Potential. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1779-1787. [PMID: 33758935 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flonicamid is a chordotonal modulator and novel systemic insecticide that has been used frequently for controlling a broad range of insect pests. The risk of flonicamid resistance was assessed through laboratory selection and determining inheritance pattern and cross-resistance potential to five insecticides in house fly, Musca domestica L. Very low to high flonicamid resistance in M. domestica populations was found compared with the susceptible strain (SS). A flonicamid-selected (Flonica-RS) M. domestica strain developed 57.73-fold resistance to flonicamid screened for 20 generations compared with the SS. Overlapping 95% fiducial limits of LC50 of the F1 and F1ǂ, and dominance values (0.87 for F1 and 0.92 for F1ǂ) revealed an autosomal and incomplete dominant flonicamid resistance. The monogenic model of resistance inheritance suggested a polygenic flonicamid resistance. The Flonica-RS strain displayed negative cross-resistance between flonicamid and sulfoxaflor (0.10-fold) or clothianidin (0.50-fold), and very low cross-resistance between flonicamid and flubendiamide (4.71-fold), spinetoram (4.68-fold), or thiamethoxam (2.02-fold) in comparison with the field population. The estimated realized heritability (h2) value of flonicamid resistance was 0.02. With selection mortality 40-90%, the generations required for a 10-fold increase in LC50 of flonicamid were 94-258 at h2 (0.02) and slope (3.29). Flonicamid resistance was inherited as autosomal, incomplete dominant, and polygenic in the Flonica-RS. Negative or very low cross-resistance between flonicamid and sulfoxaflor, clothianidin, flubendiamide, spinetoram, and thiamethoxam means that these insecticides can be used as alternatives for controlling M. domestica. These data can be useful in devising the management for M. domestica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Abbas
- Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abubakar
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqar Hassan
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abdulwahab M Hafez
- Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Shah RM, Shad SA. Inheritance, stability, cross-resistance, and life history parameters of a clothianidin-selected strain of house fly, Musca domestica Linnaeus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116880. [PMID: 33743269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The house fly, Musca domestica L., is a cosmopolitan insect pest of public and animal health importance that serves as a mechanical vector of pathogens. Aimed at prospective resistance management to reduce environmental pollution, we characterized the inheritance pattern, realized heritability, fitness cost, cross resistance, stability and mechanism of clothianidin resistance in M. domestica that were collected from the poultry farm. By continuous selection with clothianidin for 11 generations, the clothianidin selected M. domestica strain (Clotha-SEL) developed a 3827-fold resistance compared to a susceptible strain. However, resistance to clothianidin was proved to be unstable when selection with clothianidin was removed for five generations (G7 to G12). Inheritance pattern analysis at G8 of Clotha-SEL (RR = 897) revealed that resistance to clothianidin was polygenic, autosomal and incompletely dominant. Realized heritability (h2) for resistance value was 0.38 (at G11) in the tested strain. Synergist bioassays showed that microsomal oxidases and esterases might not contribute significantly in resistance evolution. Fitness costs of clothianidin resistance were present, for example, reduction in growth potential of the Clotha-SEL strain in comparison to the untreated counterpart strain (UNSEL) was observed. No cross resistance to bifenthrin and fipronil and a very low cross-resistance to spinosad were observed. These insecticides could be alternated with clothianidin as an insecticide resistance management tool to sustain its efficacy for a longer time period. These results shall be utilized to devise a proactive resistance management strategy for use of clothianidin against M. domestica that will be helpful to alleviate the allied threats to environmental and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Mustafa Shah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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Wazir S, Shad SA. Inheritance mode and metabolic mechanism of the sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor resistance in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2547-2556. [PMID: 33481343 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dusky cotton bug (DCB), Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), is a key insect pest of cotton. It causes huge losses to cotton and many other economically important crops. Sulfoxaflor is a newly introduced systemic insecticide that is effective against many sap-feeding insect pests such as aphids, whiteflies and true bugs. The present study was designed to characterize the inheritance of sulfoxaflor resistance in DCB. Moreover, the role of synergists in reducing sulfoxaflor resistance in DCB was also assessed. RESULTS A field population of DCB has developed 1132.0-fold resistance to sulfoxaflor after 11 selected generations in the laboratory. Nonsignificant difference of reciprocal crosses was observed depending on the LC50 (median lethal concentration) values (95% confidence intervals overlapped), suggesting an autosomal mode of sulfoxaflor resistance inheritance. The degree of dominance of 0.7 for F1 (Sulfo-Sel Pop ♀ × Lab-Pop♂) and 0.6 for F1 '(Sulfo-Sel Pop ♂ × Lab-Pop♀), respectively, suggested that sulfoxaflor resistance was incompletely dominant. According to the monogenic model, the number of genes involved to induce sulfoxaflor resistance revealed that sulfoxaflor resistance was polygenic in nature. The realized heritability (h2 ) value for sulfoxaflor resistance was 0.2. The synergists experiment indicated that esterases were involved in the sulfoxaflor resistance mechanism in DCB. CONCLUSIONS The current results indicate that there is autosomal, incompletely dominant and polygenic inheritance of sulfoxaflor resistance in DCB. Our results would be helpful in delaying sulfoxaflor resistance against DCB in the field. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Wazir
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz A Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Shah RM, Shad SA. Genetics and mechanism of resistance to chlorantraniliprole in Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:552-559. [PMID: 33797019 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The house fly, Musca domestica L. is an important mechanical vector of different pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. It is an organism well-known for its ability to develop insecticide resistance. In the current study, we investigated the genetic basis and mechanism of chlorantraniliprole resistance in a field strain of house fly by selecting it artificially in the laboratory with a commercial formulation of chlorantraniliprole (CTPR-SEL). After seven generations of consecutive selection with chlorantraniliprole, CTPR-SEL strain developed a 644-fold resistance compared with the Susceptible strain and a 3-fold resistance compared with the field strain. Reciprocal crossing between the CTPR-SEL and Susceptible homozygous strains revealed an autosomal and incomplete dominant mode of resistance to chlorantraniliprole. A direct test using a monogenic inheritance model based on chi-square analysis revealed that the resistance was governed by more than one gene. Bioassays with synergists indicated that esterases might be involved in the resistance of house fly to chlorantraniliprole. These findings may be helpful to the development of an improved strategy for chlorantraniliprole resistance management in house fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Mustafa Shah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
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Abbas N, Hafez AM. Resistance to insect growth regulators and age-stage, two-sex life table in Musca domestica from different dairy facilities. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248693. [PMID: 33831013 PMCID: PMC8031857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the vectorial insect pests, the domestic house fly (Musca domestica L., Diptera: Muscidae) is a ubiquitous livestock pest with the ability to develop resistance and adapt to diverse climates. Successful management of the house fly in various locations requires information about its resistance development and life table features. The status of insect growth regulators resistance and life table features on the basis of age, stage, and two sexes of the house fly from five different geographical locations of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Dirab, Al-Masanie, Al-Washlah, Al-Uraija and Al-Muzahmiya were therefore investigated. The range of resistance levels were 3.77–8.03-fold for methoxyfenozide, 5.50–29.75 for pyriproxyfen, 0.59–2.91-fold for cyromazine, 9.33–28.67-fold for diflubenzuron, and 1.63–8.25-fold for triflumuron in five populations of house fly compared with the susceptible strain. Analysis of life history parameters—such as survival rate, larval duration, pupal duration, pre-female duration, pre-male duration, adult and total pre-oviposition periods, longevity of male, oviposition period, female ratio, and fecundity female-1—revealed significant variations among the field populations. Additionally, demographic features—including the generation time, the finite and intrinsic rates of increase, doubling time, and net reproductive rate—varied significantly among the field populations. These results will be helpful in planning the management of the house fly in geographically isolated dairies in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Abbas
- Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (NA); (AMH)
| | - Abdulwahab M. Hafez
- Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (NA); (AMH)
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Madhav M, Baker D, Morgan JAT, Asgari S, James P. Wolbachia: A tool for livestock ectoparasite control. Vet Parasitol 2020; 288:109297. [PMID: 33248417 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ectoparasites and livestock-associated insects are a major concern throughout the world because of their economic and welfare impacts. Effective control is challenging and relies mainly on the use of chemical insecticides and acaricides. Wolbachia, an arthropod and nematode-infecting, maternally-transmitted endosymbiont is currently of widespread interest for use in novel strategies for the control of a range of arthropod-vectored human diseases and plant pests but to date has received only limited consideration for use in the control of diseases of veterinary concern. Here, we review the currently available information on Wolbachia in veterinary ectoparasites and disease vectors, consider the feasibility for use of Wolbachia in the control of livestock pests and diseases and highlight critical issues which need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund Madhav
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dalton Baker
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jess A T Morgan
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sassan Asgari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peter James
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Feng X, Liu N. Functional Analyses of House Fly Carboxylesterases Involved in Insecticide Resistance. Front Physiol 2020; 11:595009. [PMID: 33178052 PMCID: PMC7596742 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.595009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase-mediated metabolism is one of major mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance. Our previous study has identified multiple carboxylesterase genes with their expression levels were significantly upregulated in pyrethroid resistant house flies. To further explore their metabolic functions, we used insect Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells to express these carboxylesterases in vitro and measure their hydrolytic activities toward esterase substrates. Our results indicated that these carboxylesterases can efficiently hydrolyze α-naphthyl acetate rather than β- naphthyl acetate. A cell based MTT cytotoxicity assay indicated that carboxylesterase-expressing cells show enhanced tolerance to permethrin, suggesting important roles of these carboxylesterases in metabolizing permethrin and thereby protecting cells from permethrin treatments. The metabolic functions of carboxylesterases were further verified by conducting in vitro metabolism studies toward permethrin and its potential metabolites 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol and 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde, which not only suggested the potential metabolic pathway of permethrin in insects, but also important roles of these candidate carboxylesterases in metabolizing permethrin and conferring resistance in house flies. Homology modeling and docking were finally conducted to reflect interactions between permethrin ligand and carboxylesterase proteins, visually confirming the metabolic functions of carboxylesterases to insecticides in house flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Feng
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Alam M, Shah RM, Shad SA, Binyameen M. Fitness cost, realized heritability and stability of resistance to spiromesifen in house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 168:104648. [PMID: 32711758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is an insect pest of public health and veterinary importance. Spiromesifen is a new chemistry insecticide widely used for the management of sucking insect pests of vegetables and crops. In the present study, assessment of resistance risk and fitness costs associated with spiromesifen resistance in M. domestica was studied. Moreover, stability of resistance to spiromesifen and other tested insecticides (fipronil, spinosad, and bifenthrin) was evaluated in the spiromesifen-selected-strain (SPIRO-SEL-POP). After 7-generations of selection with spiromesifen, SPIRO-SEL-POP developed 108.76-fold resistance compared with the unselected strain (UNSEL-POP). The estimated value of realized heritability was 0.59 for spiromesifen resistance. Due to withdrawal of spiromesifen selection for five generations (F6-F10) on SPIRO-SEL-POP, a decline in LC50 values against spiromesifen, spinosad and bifenthrin was 0.16, 0.14 and 0.13-folds, respectively. In biological trait experiments, larval weight of Cross1 (SPIRO-SEL-POP♀ × UNSEL-POP♂) and SPIRO-SEL-POP was significantly lower than that of Cross2 (SPIRO-SEL-POP♂ × UNSEL-POP♀) and UNSEL-POP. Pupal weight of SPIRO-SEL-POP was higher when compared with Cross1 while it was similar to that of Cross2 and UNSEL-POP. Adult emergence rate of UNSEL-POP was higher than Cross1, but similar to the Cross2 and SPIRO-SEL-POP. The SPIRO-SEL-POP and Cross1 showed the lowest relative fitness when compared with USEL-POP and Cross2. Intrinsic rate of natural increase of SPIRO-SEL-POP was much lower than that of UNSEL-POP and Cross2 followed by Cross1. The SPIRO-SEL-POP exhibited lower biotic potential when compared with UNSEL-POP and Cross2 but similar to Cross1. Fecundity and hatching rates were lower in SPIRO-SEL-POP compared to UNSEL-POP. It could be concluded that spiromesifen resistance in M. domestica comes with a cost and is instable. Therefore, spiromesifen rotation with other insecticides and withdraw of its usage for some period could help to sustain its efficacy by delaying the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Alam
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Mustafa Shah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Binyameen
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
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16
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Saeed R, Abbas N. Realized heritability, inheritance and cross-resistance patterns in imidacloprid-resistant strain of Dysdercus koenigii (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2645-2652. [PMID: 32112465 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely sprayed alone or mixed with other insecticides against Dysdercus koenigii, a potential pest of cotton in Pakistan. Recently, resistance to imidacloprid in field populations of D. koenigii has developed because of its overuse. Herein, we have investigated inheritance of imidacloprid resistance in D. koenigii and its cross-resistance to other insecticides. RESULTS The imidacloprid-selected population had a 91 421-fold increase in resistance to imidacloprid after six generations. Overlapping 95% fiducial limits of LC50s of the F1 (Imida-Sel ♂ × Sus-ST ♀) and F1 † (Imida-Sel ♀ × Sus-ST ♂) suggested an autosomal and incomplete dominant resistance to imidacloprid (DLC = 0.84 for F1 and 0.86 for F1 † ). Reciprocal backcrosses of the F1 and F1 † with Sus-ST predicted a polygenic inheritance. Realized heritability of imidacloprid resistance was 0.38. When mean slope = 1.74 and h2 = 0.38, then 3-13 generations would be required for a ten-fold increase in LC50s at 90-20% intensity of selection. Very high cross-resistance to emamectin benzoate (143-fold), deltamethrin (1675-fold) and lambda-cyhalothrin (140-fold), and moderate cross-resistance to acetamiprid (37-fold) in the imidacloprid-selected strain compared to the field population were observed. CONCLUSION Imidacloprid resistance developed very quickly under continuous selection pressure in the laboratory. These factors might lead to an increasing likelihood of resistance development in field populations, if imidacloprid is used continuously without insecticide rotation for prolonged periods. The present results would be supportive for better management of D. koenigii by devising an effective resistance management strategy. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Saeed
- Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Abbas
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Abid AD, Saeed S, Zaka SM, Shahzad S, Ali M, Iqbal M, Iqbal N, Jamal ZA. Field evaluation of nucleopolyhedrosis virus and some biorational insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2106-2110. [PMID: 32714035 PMCID: PMC7376122 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
American bolloworm, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) is considered as a major pest of various crops all over the world. It is mainly controlled by indiscriminate use of synthetic insecticides in the world due to which this pest developed resistance to most of the available insecticides. Therefore, in the current study, the efficacy of virulent strain of HaNPV (0.5 × 109 PIB/ml) alone and in combination with recommended doses of spintoram (20 g/100 L of water) and emamectin benzoate (200 ml/100 L of water) was tested in field. The combination of HaNPV with spintoram and emamectin benzoate 100% reduced the larval population as compared to emamectin benzoate and HaNPV alone. This suggested that the combination of spintoram and emamectin benzoate with HaNPV could be used in field to manage the infestation of H. armigera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Ditta Abid
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.,Department of Plant Protection, Karachi Ministry of National Food Security, Pakistan
| | - Shafqat Saeed
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.,Institute of Plant Protection, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Zaka
- Department of Entomology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Shahzad
- Department of Plant Protection, Karachi Ministry of National Food Security, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.,Qauid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Naeem Iqbal
- Institute of Plant Protection, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Zakia A Jamal
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Sharm, Yanbu El-Bahr 46429, Saudi Arabia
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Shah RM, Shad SA. House fly resistance to chlorantraniliprole: cross resistance patterns, stability and associated fitness costs. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1866-1873. [PMID: 31840405 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is an important public health pest that serves as a carrier for pathogens transmitting various diseases of man and animals. It is well known for rapid resistance development to insecticides applied for its chemical control. Chlorantraniliprole, an anthranilic diamide, a ryanodine receptor agonist, is a promising agent for the integrated pest management of various insect pests. To design a retrospective resistance management strategy, life history traits of the chlorantraniliprole laboratory-selected (CTPR-SEL) and unselected counterpart (UNSEL) sub-populations of a field strain and their reciprocal crosses were studied. RESULTS After eight generations of consecutive selection with chlorantraniliprole, a 750-fold resistance level when compared to a susceptible strain and a 124-fold resistance level when compared to the UNSEL strain had developed in CTPR-SEL. Very low cross resistance to bifenthrin but no cross resistance to spinosad and fipronil was observed in the CTPR-SEL strain. Results of the fitness traits suggest that the CTPR-SEL has a lower relative fitness (0.34), reduced fecundity, a decrease in eggs hatchability, lower biotic potential and net reproductive rate as compared to the UNSEL strain. Interestingly, chlorantraniliprole resistance was unstable in the CTPR-SEL. CONCLUSIONS Fitness costs associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance suggest that the efficacy of this insecticide could be preserved for a prolonged duration of time by alternating its use with insecticides having dissimilar modes of action and no cross resistance. When cross-resistance is absent, a sequence of two insecticides is expected to be more durable than a mixture unless the population's h2 of resistance to the mixture is less than half of the mean of the population's h2 of resistance to the two individual components of the mixture. Unstable chlorantraniliprole resistance could also help to sustain its efficacy by being withdrawn from usage for some period of time. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Mustafa Shah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Resistance of House Fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), to Five Insecticides in Zhejiang Province, China: The Situation in 2017. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2019; 2019:4851914. [PMID: 31341522 PMCID: PMC6612408 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4851914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives High dependency on pesticides could cause selection pressure leading to the development of resistance. This study was conducted to assess the resistance of the house fly, Musca domestica, to five insecticides, namely, permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, propoxur, and dichlorvos, in Zhejiang Province. Methods Field strains of house flies were collected from the 12 administrative districts in Zhejiang Province in 2011, 2014, and 2017, respectively. Topical application method was adopted for the bioassays. The probit analysis was used to determine the median lethal doses with the 95% confidence interval, and then the resistance ratio (RR) was calculated. The insecticides resistance in different years and the correlations of the resistance between different insecticides were also analyzed. Results The resistance of field strains house flies to insecticides in Zhejiang Province was relatively common, especially for permethrin, deltamethrin, and beta-cypermethrin. The reversion of the resistance to dichlorvos was found, and most of the field strains in Zhejiang Province became sensitive to dichlorvos in 2017. Propoxur was much easier to cause very high level of resistance; the Hangzhou strain had the highest RR value more than 1000 in 2014, and five field strains had the RR value more than 100 in 2017. Compared to 2011 and 2014, the resistance of the house flies to propoxur and deltamethrin increased significantly in 2017. The resistance of permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and propoxur was significantly correlated with each other, and the resistance of dichlorvos was significantly correlated with beta-cypermethrin. Conclusions Our results suggested that resistance was existed in permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and propoxur in the house flies of Zhejiang Province, while the resistance reversion to dichlorvos was found.
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Ejaz M, Ullah S, Shad SA, Abbas N, Binyameen M. Characterization of inheritance and preliminary biochemical mechanisms of spirotetramat resistance in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley: An economic pest from Pakistan. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 156:29-35. [PMID: 31027578 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phenacoccus solenopsis is an economically important insect pest of different agronomic and horticultural field crops. In Pakistan, the cotton crop was severely attacked by P. solenopsis during 2007 and since then a varied group of insecticides are used by farmers to manage this pest. As a result, insecticide resistance has become a barrier in control of P. solenopsis. The current study was designed to explore the basics of genetics, realized heritability and possible genetic mechanisms of resistance against spirotetramat in P. solenopsis. Before selection, the wild population (Wild-Pop) showed 5.97-fold resistance when compared with lab-reared susceptible strain (Susceptible Lab-Pop). The P. solenopsis was selected with spirotetramat to 21 generations, called Spiro-SEL Pop, which showed 463.21-fold resistance as compared with the Susceptible Lab-Pop. The values of LC50 for F1 (Spiro-SEL Pop ♂ × Susceptible Lab-Pop ♀) and F1 (Spiro-SEL Pop ♀ × Susceptible Lab-Pop ♂) populations were statistically similar and values of dominance level were 0.42 and 0.54, respectively. Reciprocal crosses between Susceptible Lab-Pop and Spiro-SEL Pop showed that resistance was of autosomal in nature with incomplete dominant traits. According to the fit test, monogenic model estimation of the number of genes, which are responsible for the development of spirotetramat resistance in a population of P. solenopsis, showed that multiple genes are involved in controlling the resistance levels in tested strains of P. solenopsis. The value of heritability for resistance against spirotetramat was 0.13 in P. solenopsis. Our results suggested the presence of a metabolic-based resistance mechanism associated with the monooxygenases in P. solenopsis, while testing the synergism mechanism. These results will provide the baseline to design an effective control strategy to manage P. solenopsis in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Ejaz
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan; Govt Pak German Polytechnic institute of Agriculture Technology, Ckak 5-Fiaz, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Nasir Abbas
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Binyameen
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan; Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, EXTEMIT-K, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 1176, Prague 6, Suchdol 165 21, Czech Republic; Chemical Ecology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA
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Khan HAA. Realized heritability of resistance to deltamethrin in a field strain of Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 215:678-680. [PMID: 30347362 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A deltamethrin selected field strain of the house fly, Musca domestica, was used to assess realized heritability (h2) and risk for resistance development to deltamethrin. The estimated value of h2 was 0.27 with phenotypic standard deviation σp = 0.56 and selection differential S = 0.64. The intensity of deltamethrin selection had a direct effect on the rate of resistance development in the selected strain. Assuming the h2 value = 0.27 for six generations under selection pressure, a tenfold increase in the LC50 values has been expected in only 8-4 generations at the selection intensity 50-90%, respectively. In conclusion, the estimated values of h2 and the projected rate of deltamethrin resistance revealed a strong and rapid potential of the M. domestica strain to develop resistance against deltamethrin. Therefore, this insecticide should be used cautiously in the field.
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Shah RM, Abbas N, Shad SA, Binyamin M. Determination of the Genetic and Synergistic Suppression of a Methoxyfenozide-Resistant Strain of the House Fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 47:709-715. [PMID: 29654414 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Musca domestica Linnaeus (house fly, Diptera: Muscidae) is a major veterinary and medical important pest all over the world. These flies have ability to develop resistance to insecticides. The present trial was performed to discover the inheritance mode (autosomal, dominance, number of genes involved) and preliminary mechanism of methoxyfenozide resistance in order to provide basic information necessary to develop resistance management strategy for this pest. A strain of M. domestica (MXY-SEL) was exposed to methoxyfenozide for 44 generations which developed a 5253.90-fold level of resistance to methoxyfenozide. The overlapping fiducial limits of LC50 values of the reciprocal crosses, F1 (MXY-SEL ♂ × Susceptible ♀) and F1† (MXY-SEL ♀ × Susceptible ♂), suggest that inheritance of methoxyfenozide resistance was an autosomal and likely completely dominant trait (DLC = 0.93 and 0.94 for F1 and F1†, respectively). Backcrosses of the F1 with the parental MXY-SEL or Susceptible population predict a polygenic mode of inheritance. Piperonyl butoxide significantly altered the LC50 values, suggesting enhanced detoxification by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases is a major mechanism of resistance to methoxyfenozide in the MXY-SEL strain. The estimated realized heritability was 0.07 for methoxyfenozide. These results would be helpful for the better management of M. domestica.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Shah
- Dept of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya Univ, Multan, Pakistan
| | - N Abbas
- Dept of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya Univ, Multan, Pakistan.
- Dept of Entomology, Univ College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia Univ of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - S A Shad
- Dept of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya Univ, Multan, Pakistan
| | - M Binyamin
- Dept of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya Univ, Multan, Pakistan
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, EXTEMIT-K, Czech Univ of Life Sciences, Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Department of Entomology, Chemical Ecology Laboratory, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Khamesipour F, Lankarani KB, Honarvar B, Kwenti TE. A systematic review of human pathogens carried by the housefly (Musca domestica L.). BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1049. [PMID: 30134910 PMCID: PMC6104014 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synanthropic house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), is a mechanical vector of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites), some of which cause serious diseases in humans and domestic animals. In the present study, a systematic review was done on the types and prevalence of human pathogens carried by the house fly. METHODS Major health-related electronic databases including PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were searched (Last update 31/11/2017) for relevant literature on pathogens that have been isolated from the house fly. RESULTS Of the 1718 titles produced by bibliographic search, 99 were included in the review. Among the titles included, 69, 15, 3, 4, 1 and 7 described bacterial, fungi, bacteria+fungi, parasites, parasite+bacteria, and viral pathogens, respectively. Most of the house flies were captured in/around human habitation and animal farms. Pathogens were frequently isolated from body surfaces of the flies. Over 130 pathogens, predominantly bacteria (including some serious and life-threatening species) were identified from the house flies. Numerous publications also reported antimicrobial resistant bacteria and fungi isolated from house flies. CONCLUSIONS This review showed that house flies carry a large number of pathogens which can cause serious infections in humans and animals. More studies are needed to identify new pathogens carried by the house fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faham Khamesipour
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Honarvar
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health science, University of Buea, Buea, Southwest Region, Cameroon
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Potential of attractive toxic sugar baits for controlling Musca domestica L., Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, and Megaselia scalaris Loew adult flies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anres.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Tian L, Wang X, Wang X, Lei C, Zhu F. Starvation-, thermal- and heavy metal- associated expression of four small heat shock protein genes in Musca domestica. Gene 2018; 642:268-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Feng X, Li M, Liu N. Carboxylesterase genes in pyrethroid resistant house flies, Musca domestica. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 92:30-39. [PMID: 29154832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases are one of the major enzyme families involved in the detoxification of pyrethroids. Up-regulation of carboxylesterase genes is thought to be a major component of insecticide resistant mechanisms in insects. Based on the house fly transcriptome and genome database, a total of 39 carboxylesterase genes of different functional clades have been identified in house flies. In this study, eleven of these genes were found to be significantly overexpressed in the resistant ALHF house fly strain compared with susceptible aabys and wild-type CS strains. Eight up-regulated carboxylesterase genes with their expression levels were further induced to a higher level in response to permethrin treatments, indicating that constitutive and inductive overexpression of carboxylesterases are co-responsible for the enhanced detoxification of insecticides. Spatial expression studies revealed these up-regulated genes to be abundantly distributed in fat bodies and genetically mapped on autosome 2 or 3 of house flies, and their expression could be regulated by factors on autosome 1, 2 and 5. Taken together, these results demonstrate that multiple carboxylesterase genes are co-upregulated in resistant house flies, providing further evidence for their involvement in the detoxification of insecticides and development of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Feng
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Saddiq B, Ejaz M, Shad SA, Aslam M. Assessing the combined toxicity of conventional and newer insecticides on the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:1240-1249. [PMID: 28865048 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced susceptibility to insecticides often results in failure of insect pest control and repetitive use of broad-spectrum insecticides, which could have detrimental effects on beneficial arthropods and surrounding agro-ecosystems. The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is a pest of worldwide importance that can be effectively controlled using a number of insecticides. This insect has developed resistance due to injudicious use and repeated exposure to insecticides throughout the year. The aim of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of the insecticides chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, spinosad, emamectin benzoate and indoxacarb tested either singly or in combination on laboratory susceptible (Lab-PK) and field population (Field Pop) of P. solenopsis. In the Field Pop, combination of chlorpyrifos with either spinosad or emamectin benzoate or indoxacarb showed a synergistic effect at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20. The combination of deltamethrin with either emamectin benzoate or indoxacarb at all ratios showed synergistic effect, while the combination of deltamethrin with spinosad at 1:1 and 1:20 ratios showed antagonistic effects and that at 1:10 ratio showed synergistic effect against Field Pop. The results of synergism experiments using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF) enzyme inhibitors, when combined with insecticides against the Field Pop, toxicities of all tested insecticides were significantly increased. The present study suggests that insecticide combinations and synergism could help achieve effective control of less susceptible populations of P. solenopsis. This would contribute to suitably managing resistance of this pest to insecticides with reduced negative impacts on the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Saddiq
- University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Masood Ejaz
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
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Chen FL, Wang XL, Wang ZG, Han ZY, Fu XH, Jiang P, Wan R. Design, synthesis, crystal structure and bioactivity evaluation of novel diethyl (arylfuranyl)(arylpyrazolylamino)methanephosphonates. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1334653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-li Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xin-lin Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-gang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-yu Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-huan Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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29
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Samri SE, Baz M, Ghalbane I, El Messoussi S, Zitouni A, El Meziane A, Barakate M. Insecticidal activity of a Moroccan strain of Streptomyces phaeochromogenes LD-37 on larvae, pupae and adults of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 107:217-224. [PMID: 28276307 DOI: 10.1017/s000748531600078x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, is considered the most important fruit pest worldwide. Its management is mainly based on the use of chemical insecticides. Although these conventional pesticides are effective at high doses, they cause considerable human health and environment problems. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess insecticidal activity of Moroccan actinobacteria against C. capitata. A total of 12 preselected actinobacteria isolated from various Moroccan habitats were screened for their insecticidal activity against larvae, pupae and adults of C. capitata. Four actinobacteria isolates were significantly active against the first-instar larvae, and nine were active against the medfly adult, while no significant mortality was obtained against the third-instar larval and pupal stages. Among the selected isolates, the biological screening revealed that strain Streptomyces LD-37, which showed 99.4% similarity with Streptomyces phaeochromogenes, exhibited the maximal corrected larval mortality of 98%. Moreover, the isolates AS1 and LD-37 showed the maximum significant corrected mortality against adults of 32.5 and 28.2%, respectively. The crude extract obtained from a fermented culture of strain S. phaeochromogenes LD-37 was separated into six fractions by thin layer chromatography. Fractions F3 and F4 caused a significant corrected larval mortality of 66.7 and 53.3%, respectively; whereas the maximum reduction in adult emergence was obtained with fraction F4. This finding could be useful for utilizing S. phaeochromogenes LD-37 as an alternative to chemical insecticides in pest management of C. capitata.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Samri
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms,Department of Biology,Faculty of Sciences Semlalia,Cadi Ayyad University,P.O. Box. 2390 Marrakech 40000,Morocco
| | - M Baz
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms,Department of Biology,Faculty of Sciences Semlalia,Cadi Ayyad University,P.O. Box. 2390 Marrakech 40000,Morocco
| | - I Ghalbane
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecophysiological Modelisation,Faculty of Sciences Semlalia,Cadi Ayyad University,P.O. Box. 2390 Marrakech 40000,Morocco
| | - S El Messoussi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecophysiological Modelisation,Faculty of Sciences Semlalia,Cadi Ayyad University,P.O. Box. 2390 Marrakech 40000,Morocco
| | - A Zitouni
- Department of Natural Sciences,Ecole Normale Supérieure,Algers,Algeria
| | - A El Meziane
- Laboratory of Biotechnology Valorisation and Protection of Agro-Resources,Faculty of Science and Techniques Gueliz,Cadi Ayyad University,P.O. Box 549 Marrakech 40000,Morocco
| | - M Barakate
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms,Department of Biology,Faculty of Sciences Semlalia,Cadi Ayyad University,P.O. Box. 2390 Marrakech 40000,Morocco
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Ullah S, Ejaz M, Ali Shad S. Study of Synergism, Antagonism, and Resistance Mechanisms in Insecticide-Resistant Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:615-623. [PMID: 28158628 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) is an economic and key pest of the Malvaceae family widely distributed in the world. Significant field resistance to cypermethrin (26.69-fold), chlorpyrifos (32.60-fold), methomyl (10.87), acetamiprid (20.63-fold), fipronil (5.84-fold), and spirotetramat (116.02-fold) has been reported. Cypermethrin combined with methomyl and spirotetramat, methomyl with spirotetramat, acetamiprid with spirotetramat, and fipronil with spirotetramat had synergistic effects (combination index, (CI) in a laboratory population of O. hyalinipennis named Lab-PK. Methomyl combined with acetamiprid and acetamiprid with fipronil had synergistic effects on O. hyalinipennis in a field in Multan named Field-POP. Cypermethrin combined with methomyl and spirotetramat; chlorpyrifos with methomyl, acetamiprid, and spirotetramat; methomyl with acetamiprid and spirotetramat; and fipronil with spirotetramat also had synergistic effects on O. hyalinipennis in Field-POP. Enzyme inhibitors piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate significantly increased the toxicity of chlorpyrifos, methomyl, acetamiprid, and spirotetramat to O. hyalinipennis in Field-POP, suggesting a monooxygenase- and esterase-based resistance mechanism. However, fipronil did not synergize with PBO and DEF. This study suggests that insecticide mixtures showing synergism must be determined for insecticide resistance management and other strategies such as rotations, mosaics, and cultural control should also be considered for the management of O. hyalinipennis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ullah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab 60800, Pakistan (; ; )
| | - Masood Ejaz
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab 60800, Pakistan (; ; )
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab 60800, Pakistan (; ; )
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Shah RM, Shad SA, Abbas N. Methoxyfenozide resistance of the housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae): cross-resistance patterns, stability and associated fitness costs. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:254-261. [PMID: 27098995 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is an insect pest of public health and veterinary importance with the ability to develop resistance to insecticides. Methoxyfenozide, an ecdysone agonist, is a biorational insecticide used for the management of various insect pests, including houseflies. To design an effective resistance management strategy, life history traits based on laboratory observations were established for methoxyfenozide-resistant (MXY-SEL), unselected counterpart (UNSEL) and reciprocal cross-strains of housefly. RESULTS The MXY-SEL strain developed a resistance ratio of 160.99 after 30 generations of selection with methoxyfenozide by compared with the UNSEL strain. The MXY-SEL strain showed very low cross-resistance to cyromazine, fipronil and chlorpyrifos and no cross-resistance to spinosad and bifenthrin when compared with the Methoxy-Field population. Resistance to methoxyfenozide, cyromazine, fipronil, spinosad, chlorpyrifos and bifenthrin was unstable in the MXY-SEL strain. The MXY-SEL strain had a reduced relative fitness (0.31), with lower hatchability, a lower number of next-generation larvae, a lower intrinsic rate of natural increase and a lower biotic potential compared with the UNSEL strain. CONCLUSIONS The disadvantageous life history traits of the MXY-SEL strain suggest that development of resistance to methoxyfenozide has considerable fitness costs for this strain. Moreover, the unstable resistance to the tested chemicals provides useful information for preserving the efficacy of these chemicals. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Mustafa Shah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Abbas
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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SADDIQ BUSHRA, SHAHZAD AFZAL MUHAMMADBABAR, SHAD SARFRAZALI. Studies on genetics, stability and possible mechanism of deltamethrin resistance in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) from Pakistan. J Genet 2016; 95:1009-1016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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33
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Ullah S, Shah RM, Shad SA. Genetics, realized heritability and possible mechanism of chlorfenapyr resistance in Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Lygaeidae: Hemiptera). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 133:91-96. [PMID: 27742367 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dusky cotton bug (DCB), Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Lygaeidae: Hemiptera) is a serious pest of cotton and other malvaceous plants. Chlorfenapyr, a broad spectrum, N-substituted, halogenated pyrrole insecticide is used extensively to control many insect pests in cotton, including DCB. In this study, we investigated a field strain of DCB to assess its potential to develop resistance to chlorfenapyr. After six generations of continuous selection pressure with chlorfenapyr, DCB had a 7.24-fold and 149.06-fold resistance ratio (RR) at G1 and G6, respectively. The genetic basis of inheritance of chlorfenapyr resistance was also studied by crossing the chlorfenapyr selected (Chlorfenapyr-SEL) and laboratory population (Lab-PK). Results revealed an autosomal and incompletely dominant mode of inheritance for chlorfenapyr resistance in the Chlorfenapyr-SEL population of DCB. The results of the monogenic model test showed chlorfenapyr resistance was controlled by multiple genes. Estimated realized heritability for chlorfenapyr resistance in the tested DCB strain was 0.123. Synergism bioassays with piperonyl butoxide and S, S, S-butyl phosphorotrithioate revealed chlorfenapyr resistance might be due to esterase activity. These results would be useful for devising an effective resistance management strategy against DCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ullah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Rizwan Mustafa Shah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
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34
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Guo CW, Wu SH, Chen FL, Han ZY, Fu XH, Wan R. Synthesis, crystal structure, and insecticidal evaluation of novel aryl pyrazole compounds containing aminophosphonate moiety. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2016.1166365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Hua Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Li Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Huan Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Dominant fitness costs of resistance to fipronil in Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae). Vet Parasitol 2016; 226:78-82. [PMID: 27514889 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
House fly, Musca domestica L., (Diptera: Muscidae) a common pest of poultry, has developed resistance to the commonly used insecticide fipronil. The life history traits were examined in the fipronil-selected (Fipro-SEL), susceptible counterpart (UNSEL), and their hybrid progeny strains in order to design an effective resistant management strategy. Compared to the UNSEL strain, the Fipro-SEL was 181.94-fold resistant to fipronil. This resistance was unstable after five generations without selection. The Fipro-SEL had a significantly longer larval duration, lower pupal weight, lower fecundity, lower hatchability, lower number of next generation larvae, lower intrinsic rate of population increase and lower biotic potential than the UNSEL strain. Most fitness parameters of the hybrid progeny were similar and significantly lower than that in the UNSEL strain, suggesting autosomal and dominant fitness costs. Compared to the UNSEL strain, relative the fitness of the Fipro-SEL, Hybrid1 and Hybrid2 was 0.13, 0.33 and 0.30, respectively. Fipronil resistance resulted in high fitness costs and these fitness costs were dominant and autosomal in the Fipro-SEL strain of M. domestica. Rotation of fipronil with other insecticides having no cross resistance should be useful for delaying the development of resistance in M. domestica.
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Afzal MBS, Shad SA. Characterization of Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) Resistance to Emamectin Benzoate: Cross-Resistance Patterns and Fitness Cost Analysis. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:310-9. [PMID: 26868652 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is a sucking pest of worldwide importance causing huge losses by feeding upon cotton in various parts of the world. Because of the importance of this pest, this research was carried out to select emamectin resistance in P. solenopsis in the laboratory to study cross-resistance, stability, realized heritability, and fitness cost of emamectin resistance. After selection from third generation (G3) to G6, P. solenopsis developed very high emamectin resistance (159.24-fold) when compared to a susceptible unselected population (Unsel pop). Population selected to emamectin benzoate conferred moderate (45.81-fold), low (14.06-fold), and no cross-resistance with abamectin, cypermethrin, and profenofos, respectively compared to the Unsel pop. A significant decline in emamectin resistance was observed in the resistant population when not exposed to emamectin from G7 to G13. The estimated realized heritability (h (2)) for emamectin resistance was 0.84. A high fitness cost was associated with emamectin resistance in P. solenopsis. Results of this study may be helpful in devising insecticide resistance management strategies for P. solenopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B S Afzal
- Dept of Entomology, Fac of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya Univ Multan, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - S A Shad
- Dept of Entomology, Fac of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya Univ Multan, Multan, Pakistan.
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37
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Abbas N, Ijaz M, Shad SA, Binyameen M. Assessment of resistance risk to fipronil and cross resistance to other insecticides in the Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Vet Parasitol 2016; 223:71-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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38
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Shah RM, Azhar F, Shad SA, Walker WB, Azeem M, Binyameen M. Effects of different animal manures on attraction and reproductive behaviors of common house fly, Musca domestica L. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3585-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Zhang B, Zhang L, Cui R, Zeng X, Gao X. Cloning and Expression of Multiple Cytochrome P450 Genes: Induction by Fipronil in Workers of the Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150915. [PMID: 26982576 PMCID: PMC4794187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both exogenous and endogenous compounds can induce the expression of cytochrome P450 genes. The insect cytochrome P450 genes related to insecticide resistance are likely to be expressed as the “first line of defense” when challenged with insecticides. In this study, four cytochrome P450 genes, SinvCYP6B1, SinvCYP6A1, SinvCYP4C1, and SinvCYP4G15, were firstly isolated from workers of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) through rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and sequenced. The fipronil induction profiles of the four cytochrome P450 genes and the two previously isolated CYP4AB1 and CYP4AB2 were characterized in workers. The results revealed that the expression of SinvCYP6B1, SinvCYP6A1, CYP4AB2, and SinvCYP4G15, increased 1.4-fold and 1.3-fold more than those of acetone control, respectively, after 24 h exposure to fipronil at concentrations of 0.25 μg mL−1 (median lethal dose) and 0.56 μg mL−1 (90% lethal dose), while no significant induction of the expression of CYP4AB1 and SinvCYP4C1 was detected. Among these genes, SinvCYP6B1 was the most significantly induced, and its maximum expression was 3.6-fold higher than that in acetone control. These results might suggest that multiple cytochrome P450 genes are co-up-regulated in workers of the fire ant through induction mechanism when challenged with fipronil. These findings indicated that cytochrome P450 genes play an important role in the detoxification of insecticides and provide a theoretical basis for the mechanisms of insecticide metabolism in the fire ant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baizhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Rukun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
| | - Xinnian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (XG)
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (XZ); (XG)
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Biological trait analysis and stability of lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2073-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-4952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Wang LL, Feng ZJ, Li T, Lu XP, Zhao JJ, Niu JZ, Smagghe G, Wang JJ. Inheritance, Realized Heritability, and Biochemical Mechanisms of Malathion Resistance in Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 109:299-306. [PMID: 26362988 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To better characterize the resistance development and therefore establish effective pest management strategies, this study was undertaken to investigate the inheritance mode and biochemical mechanisms of malathion resistance in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), which is one of the most notorious pests in the world. After 22 generations of selection with malathion, the malathion-resistant (MR) strain of B. dorsalis developed a 34-fold resistance compared with a laboratory susceptible strain [malathion-susceptible (MS)]. Bioassay results showed that there was no significant difference between the LD50 values of malathion against the progenies from both reciprocal crosses (F(1)-SR and F(1)-RS). The degree of dominance values (D) was calculated as 0.39 and 0.32 for F(1)-RS and F(1)-SR, respectively. The logarithm dosage-probit mortality lines of the F(2) generation and progeny from the backcross showed no clear plateaus of mortality across a range of doses. In addition, Chi-square analysis revealed significant differences between the mortality data and the theoretical expectations. The realized heritability (h(2)) value was 0.16 in the laboratory-selected resistant strain of B. dorsalis. Enzymatic activities identified significant changes of carboxylesterases, cytochrome P450 (general oxidases), and glutathione S-transferases in MR compared with the MS strain of B. dorsalis. Taken together, this study revealed for the first time that malathion resistance in B. dorsalis follows an autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic mode of inheritance and is closely associated with significantly elevated activities of three major detoxification enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo-Luo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ), *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zi-Jiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ), *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Xue-Ping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Jia-Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Jin-Zhi Niu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ), Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; )
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China (; ; ; ; ; ; ; ),
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Gomez MB, Pessoa GDC, Rosa ACL, Echeverria JE, Diotaiuti LG. Inheritance and heritability of deltamethrin resistance under laboratory conditions of Triatoma infestans from Bolivia. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:595. [PMID: 26572249 PMCID: PMC4647801 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the last few decades, pyrethroid-resistant in Triatoma infestans populations have been reported, mainly on the border between Argentina and Bolivia. Understanding the genetic basis of inheritance mode and heritability of resistance to insecticides under laboratory conditions is crucial for vector management and monitoring of insecticide resistance. Currently, few studies have been performed to characterize the inheritance mode of resistance to pyrethroids in T. infestans; for this reason, the present study aims to characterize the inheritance and heritability of deltamethrin resistance in T. infestans populations from Bolivia with different toxicological profiles. Methods Experimental crosses were performed between a susceptible (S) colony and resistant (R) and reduced susceptibility (RS) colonies in both directions (♀ x ♂ and ♂ x ♀), and inheritance mode was determined based on degree of dominance (DO) and effective dominance (DML). In addition, realized heritability (h2) was estimated based on a resistant colony, and select pressure was performed for two generations based on the diagnostic dose (10 ng. i. a. /nymph). The F1 progeny of the experimental crosses and the selection were tested by a standard insecticide resistance bioassay. Results The result for DO and DML (< 1) indicates that resistance is an incompletely dominant character, and inheritance is autosomal, not sex-linked. The LD50 for F1 of ♀S x ♂R and ♂S x ♀R was 0.74 and 3.97, respectively, which is indicative of dilution effect. In the resistant colony, after selection pressure, the value of h2 was 0.37; thus, the LD50 value increased 2.25-fold (F2) and 26.83-fold (F3) compared with the parental colony. Conclusion The inheritance mode of resistance of T. infestans to deltamethrin, is autosomal and an incompletely dominant character; this is a previously known process, confirmed in the present study on T. infestans populations from Bolivia. The lethal doses (LD50) increase from one generation to another rapidly after selection pressure with deltamethrin. This suggests that resistance is an additive and cumulative factor, mainly in highly structured populations with limited dispersal capacity, such as T. infestans. This phenomenon was demonstrated for the first time for T. infestans in the present study. These results are very important for vector control strategies in problematic areas where high resistance ratios of T. infestans have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinely Bustamante Gomez
- Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Grasielle D'Avila Caldas Pessoa
- Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Aline Cristine Luiz Rosa
- Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Espinoza Echeverria
- Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Liléia Gonçalves Diotaiuti
- Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou - FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Genetics, realized heritability and preliminary mechanism of spinosad resistance in Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae): an invasive pest from Pakistan. Genetica 2015; 143:741-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-015-9871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Shah RM, Abbas N, Shad SA. Assessment of resistance risk in Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) to methoxyfenozide. Acta Trop 2015; 149:32-7. [PMID: 25985910 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methoxyfenozide, an ecdysone receptor agonist is an effective larvicide against many pests of public health and veterinary importance including house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Methoxyfenozide is a bio-rational insecticide having many environmentally friendly attributes that make it compatible with integrated pest management programs. This experiment was performed for the assessment of resistance evolution in M. domestica to methoxyfenozide. A field population of M. domestica, after 24 rounds of selection with methoxyfenozide, resulted in 64 fold and 915-fold increase in lethal concentration 50 (LC50) compared to field and susceptible strain, respectively. Realized heritability (h(2)) of resistance to methoxyfenozide was 0.17 in methoxyfenozide-selected strain of M. domestica. The projected rate of resistance development indicated that, if slope=1.71 and h(2)=0.17, then 13-5 generations are required for tenfold increase in LC50 at 50-95% selection intensity. These findings suggest that a risk for resistance development to methoxyfenozide occurred in M. domestica under continuous selection pressure.
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Abbas N, Ijaz M, Shad SA, Khan H. Stability of Field-Selected Resistance to Conventional and Newer Chemistry Insecticides in the House Fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 44:402-409. [PMID: 26174963 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-015-0290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a pest of livestock and has the ability to develop resistance to different insecticides. We assessed the fluctuations in seasonal stability of house fly resistance to insecticides from poultry facility populations in Pakistan. House fly populations were collected from poultry facilities located at Khanewal, Punjab, Pakistan in three seasons (July, November, and March) to investigate the fluctuations in their resistance to conventional (organophosphate, pyrethroid) and novel chemistry (spinosyn, oxadiazine, neonicotinoid) insecticides. Laboratory bioassays were performed using the feeding method of mixing insecticide concentrations with 20% sugar solutions, and cotton pads dipped in insecticide solutions were provided to tested adult flies. Bioassay results showed that all house fly populations had varying degrees of susceptibility to tested insecticides. Comparisons between populations at different seasons showed a significant fluctuation in susceptibility to organophosphate, pyrethroid, spinosyn, oxadiazine, and neonicotinoid insecticides. Highest resistant levels were found for organophosphate when compared with other tested insecticides. The resistance to conventional insecticides decreased significantly in March compared with July and November, while resistance to oxadiazine and avermectins decreased significantly in November. However, resistance to spinosad and imidacloprid remained stable throughout the seasons. All conventional and novel chemistry insecticides were significantly correlated with each other in all tested seasons except nitenpyram/lambda-cyhalothrin and nitenpyram/imidacloprid. Our data suggests that the variation in house fly resistance among seasons could be due to fitness costs or to the cessation of selection pressure in the off-season. These results have significant implications for the use of insecticides in house fly management.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Abbas
- Dept of Entomology, Fac of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya Univ, Multan, Pakistan,
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Khan HAA, Akram W, Haider MS. Genetics and mechanism of resistance to deltamethrin in the house fly, Musca domestica L., from Pakistan. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:1213-1220. [PMID: 25956986 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (a pyrethroid insecticide) has widely been used against the house fly, Musca domestica, a pest found in livestock facilities worldwide. Although, cases of both metabolic and physiological resistance to deltamethrin have been reported in different parts of the world, no studies have been reported to characterize this resistance in house flies from Pakistan. In the present study, we investigated a field strain of house flies for potential to develop resistance to deltamethrin. Also, its stability, possible mechanisms and cross-resistance potential to other insecticides. Before the selection experiments, the field strain showed 8.41-, 3.65-, 8.39-, 2.68-, 19.17- and 5.96-fold resistance to deltamethrin, bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, profenofos and spinosad, respectively, compared with the reference strain (Lab-susceptible). Continuous selection of the field strain (Delta-SEL) with deltamethrin for six generations (G1-G6) in the laboratory increased the resistance ratio to 176.34 after bioassay at G7. The Delta-SEL strain was reared for the next four generations without exposure to deltamethrin and bioassayed at G11 which revealed that the resistance was stable. The Delta-SEL strain at G7 showed cross-resistance to all other insecticides except spinosad, when compared to the bioassays before the selection experiment (G1). Crosses between Delta-SEL and Lab-susceptible strains revealed an autosomal and incomplete dominant mode of resistance to deltamethrin. A direct test using a monogenic inheritance model revealed that the resistance was governed by more than one factor. Moreover, synergism studies with the enzyme inhibitors PBO and DEF reduced the resistance to deltamethrin in the selected strain up to 2.51- and 2.19-fold, respectively, which revealed that the resistance was possibly due to microsomal oxidase and esterase activity. It is concluded that the resistance to deltamethrin was autosomal and incompletely dominant. The high cross-resistance of bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos and profenofos in the Delta-SEL strain suggests that other insecticides would be necessary to counter the resistance. These results are therefore suggestive for implications in the management of insecticide resistance in house flies.
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Afzal MBS, Abbas N, Shad SA. Inheritance, realized heritability and biochemical mechanism of acetamiprid resistance in the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 122:44-49. [PMID: 26071806 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is a serious pest in many countries of the world because of its polyphagous nature and has caused huge losses to the cotton crop. The aim of present study was to explore the mode of inheritance and mechanism of acetamiprid resistance in P. solenopsis. After five rounds of selection with acetamiprid, P. solenopsis developed a 315-fold resistance compared with the laboratory susceptible population. The LC50 values of progenies of both reciprocal crosses (F1 and F1') showed no significant difference and degree of dominance values were 0.56 and 0.93 for F1 and F1', respectively. Monogenic model of inheritance and Lande's method revealed that more than one factors were involved in acetamiprid resistance. Realized heritability (h(2)) value was 0.58 for acetamiprid resistance. A synergism study of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate (DEF) with acetamiprid also showed the significant presence of P-450 mono-oxygenase and esterase in the acetamiprid resistance. Hence, acetamiprid resistance in the P. solenopsis was autosomal, incompletely dominant and polygenic. These results are a source of basic information to design and plan fruitful management programmes to control P. solenopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Naeem Abbas
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
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Li QF, Li X, Hunag JB, Zhang DM, Yuan JZ. Efficacy of cyantraniliprole fly bait against housefly (Musca domestica L.) under laboratory conditions. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3525-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abbas N, Shad SA. Assessment of resistance risk to lambda-cyhalothrin and cross-resistance to four other insecticides in the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2629-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Salah ES, Mohamed B, Abdelmounaim J, Houda A, Said EM, Abdellatif EM, Mustapha B. Preliminary assessment of insecticidal activity of
Moroccan actinobacteria isolates against mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2014.14357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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