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Gao W, Peng W, Ji X, Zhu D, Chen J, Feng J, Yu Y, Duan L, Duan Y. Expression of recombinant Schistosoma japonicum protein rSjE16 and its effects on LX-2 cells in vitro. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520972228. [PMID: 33350335 PMCID: PMC7758674 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520972228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key event in schistosome-induced liver fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that soluble egg antigens and the recombinant P40 protein from Schistosoma japonicum eggs inhibit HSC activation. In the present study, we observed the direct effect of the S. japonicum recombinant (r)SjE16 protein on HSCs. Methods The sequence of SjE16 was analyzed by bioinformatics. Then western blotting, quantitative PCR, and MTT assays were performed to observe the effects of rSjE16 on HSCs. Results The SjE16 protein has no signal peptide or transmembrane region. rSjE16 significantly inhibited expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen I protein in LX-2 cells. rSjE16 also significantly increased the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, and enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in LX-2 cells. LX-2 cell viability was not inhibited by rSjE16. Conclusion rSjE16 may be involved in the progression of HSC activation via a complex molecular mechanism, which requires further study to fully understand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Gao
- Laboratory Center of Economics and Management School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxia Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingpei Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Feng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinong Duan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Lothstein KE, Gause WC. Mining Helminths for Novel Therapeutics. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:345-364. [PMID: 33495068 PMCID: PMC9884063 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Helminths are an emerging source of therapeutics for dysregulated inflammatory diseases. Excretory/secretory (ES) molecules, released during infection, are responsible for many of these immunomodulatory effects and are likely to have evolved as a means for parasite survival in the host. While the mechanisms of action of these molecules have not been fully defined, evidence demonstrates that they target various pathways in the immune response, ranging from initiation to effector cell modulation. These molecules are applied in controlling specific effector mechanisms of type 1 and type 2 immune responses. Recently, studies have further focused on their therapeutic potential in specific disease models. Here we review recent findings on ES molecule modulation of immune functions, specifically highlighting their clinical implications for future use in inflammatory disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Lothstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - William C Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Carson JP, Robinson MW, Hsieh MH, Cody J, Le L, You H, McManus DP, Gobert GN. A comparative proteomics analysis of the egg secretions of three major schistosome species. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2020; 240:111322. [PMID: 32961206 PMCID: PMC8059868 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Morbidity associated with hepatic and urogenital schistosomiasis stems primarily from the host immune response directed against schistosome eggs. When eggs become entrapped in host tissues, the development of fibrotic plaques drives downstream pathology. These events occur due to the antigenic nature of egg excretory/secretory products (ESPs). Both Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum ESPs have been shown to interact with several cell populations in the host liver including hepatocytes, macrophages, and hepatic stellate cells, with both immunomodulatory and pathological consequences. Several protein components of the ESPs of S. mansoni and S. japonicum eggs have been characterised; however, studies into the collective contents of schistosome egg ESPs are lacking. Utilising shotgun mass spectrometry and an array of in silico analyses, we identified 266, 90 and 50 proteins within the S. mansoni, S. japonicum and S. haematobium egg secretomes respectively. We identified numerous proteins with already established immunomodulatory activities, vaccine candidates and vesicle markers. Relatively few common orthologues within the ESPs were identified by BLAST, indicating that the three egg secretomes differ in content significantly. Having a clearer understanding of these components may lead to the identification of new proteins with uncharacterised immunomodulatory potential or pathological relevance. This will enhance our understanding of host-parasite interactions, particularly those occurring during chronic schistosomiasis, and pave the way towards novel therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack P Carson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mark W Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H Hsieh
- Division of Urology, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | - Hong You
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Immunology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Geoffrey N Gobert
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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