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Li X, Cai X, Ding S, Wang L, Li W, Liu X, Zhang C, Yang D. Phylogeny and Evolutionary Timescale of Muscidae (Diptera: Calyptratae) Inferred from Mitochondrial Genomes. INSECTS 2023; 14:286. [PMID: 36975971 PMCID: PMC10059281 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
House flies (Muscidae) comprise the most species-rich family of the muscoid grade with over 5000 described species worldwide, and they are abundant in various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The high number of species, varied appearances, complex feeding habits, and wide distributions have hindered researchers from understanding their phylogeny and evolutionary history. Here, we newly sequenced fifteen mitochondrial genomes and reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships and divergence time among eight subfamilies of Muscidae (Diptera). The best phylogenetic tree, which was inferred by IQ-Tree, recovered the monophyly for seven out of eight subfamilies (except for Mydaeinae). Based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics, we prefer the subfamily status of Azeliinae and Reinwardtiinae, and separate Stomoxyinae from Muscinae. Genus Helina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 was synonymized with Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830. The divergence time estimation indicated Muscidae originated at 51.59 Ma (early Eocene). Most subfamilies had originated around 41 Ma. We provided a mtgenomic viewpoint on the phylogenetic relationships and divergence time estimation of Muscidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaodong Cai
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuangmei Ding
- The Institute of Scientific and Technical Research on Archives, National Archives Administration of China, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuntian Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Ding Yang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhang M, Zhou Q, Xiang H, Wang J, Lan X, Luo Q, Jiang W. Complete mitochondrial genome of Rectorisluxiensis (Teleostei, Cyprinidae): characterisation and phylogenetic implications. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e96066. [PMID: 36761086 PMCID: PMC9846281 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e96066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are widely used in scientific studies on phylogenetic relationships, molecular evolution and population genetics. Here, we sequenced and analysed the mitogenome of Rectorisluxiensis, a Yangtze River drainage endemic, but threatened cyprinid fish of Labeoninae. The complete mitogenome of R.luxiensis was 16,592 bp in length, encoding 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and a control region. The mitogenome showed a high A+T content (58.2%) and a positive AT-skew (0.10) and negative GC-skew (-0.25) base composition pattern. All the 13 PCGs were found to start with ATG codons, except for the COXI, in which GTG was the start codon. The ratio of non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions (Ka/Ks) of all the 13 PCGs were less than 1, indicating negative or purifying selection evolved in these genes. Comparatively speaking, the evolutionary rate of ATP8 was the fastest and ND4L was the slowest. All tRNAs could fold into a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except tRNASer1 that lacked a dihydrouridine arm. Phylogenetic relationships, based on the PCGs dataset of 91 mitogenomes of Labeoninae, showed that R.luxiensis grouped with Rectorisposehensis and they formed a monophyletic Rectoris. However, many non-monophyletic genera were revealed in labeoninae fishes, such as Cirrhinus, Decorus, Garra, Labeo and Pseudocrossocheilus, which indicated that the validities of some traditional genera required a further check. This study reported the complete mitogenome of R.luxiensis for the first time, which provided valuable data for future molecular evolution and conservation related studies of Rectoris and other species in Labeoninae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, ChinaHunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou UniversityZhangjiajieChina,College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, ChinaCollege of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou UniversityJishouChina
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, ChinaHunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou UniversityZhangjiajieChina,College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, ChinaCollege of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou UniversityJishouChina
| | - Hongmei Xiang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, ChinaHunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou UniversityZhangjiajieChina
| | - Jinxiu Wang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, ChinaHunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou UniversityZhangjiajieChina,College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, ChinaCollege of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou UniversityJishouChina
| | - Xiangying Lan
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, ChinaHunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou UniversityZhangjiajieChina,College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, ChinaCollege of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou UniversityJishouChina
| | - Qinghua Luo
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, ChinaHunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou UniversityZhangjiajieChina,College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, ChinaCollege of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou UniversityJishouChina
| | - Wansheng Jiang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou University, Zhangjiajie, ChinaHunan Engineering Laboratory for Chinese Giant Salamander’s Resource Protection and Comprehensive Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Hunan Forest Products and Chemical Industry Engineering, Jishou UniversityZhangjiajieChina,College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, ChinaCollege of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou UniversityJishouChina
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Liu YH, Ma YM, Tian HO, Yang B, Han WX, Zhao WH, Chai HL, Zhang ZS, Wang LF, Chen L, Xing Y, Ding YL, Zhao L. First determination of DNA virus and some additional bacteria from Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) in Tibet, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:988136. [PMID: 36147838 PMCID: PMC9486064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.988136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Melophagus ovinus (sheep ked) is one of the common ectoparasites in sheep. In addition to causing direct damage to the host through biting and sucking blood, sheep ked is a potential vector of helminths, protozoa, bacteria, and viruses. Sheep M. ovinus samples from three regions in Tibet were selected for DNA extraction. The 16S rDNA V3-V4 hypervariable region was amplified, after genomic DNA fragmentation, Illumina Hiseq libraries were constructed. The 16S rRNA sequencing and viral metagenomics sequencing were separately conducted on the Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform and molecular biology software and platforms were employed to analyze the sequencing data. Illumina PE250 sequencing results demonstrated that the dominant bacteria phylum in M. ovinus from Tibet, China was Proteobacteria, where 29 bacteria genera were annotated. The dominant bacterial genera were Bartonella, Wolbachia, and Arsenophonus; Bartonella chomelii, Wolbachia spp., and Arsenophonus spp. were the dominant bacterial species in M. ovinus from Tibet, China. We also detected Kluyvera intermedia, Corynebacterium maris DSM 45190, Planomicrobium okeanokoites, and Rhodococcus erythropolis, of which the relative abundance of Kluyvera intermedia was high. Illumina Hiseq sequencing results demonstrated that 4 virus orders were detected in M. ovinus from Tibet, China, and 3 samples were annotated into 29 families, 30 families, and 28 families of viruses, respectively. Virus families related to vertebrates and insects mainly included Mimiviridae, Marseilleviridae, Poxviridae, Ascoviridae, Iridoviridae, Baculoviridae, Hytrosaviridae, Nudiviridae, Polydnaviridae, Adomaviridae, Asfarviridae, Hepeviridae, Herpesviridae, and Retroviridae; at the species level, the relative abundance of Tupanvirus_soda_lake, Klosneuvirus_KNV1, and Indivirus_ILV1 was higher. African swine fever virus and many poxviruses from the family Poxviridae were detected, albeit their relative abundance was low. The dominant bacterial phylum of M. ovinus from Tibet, China was Proteobacteria, and the dominant bacterial genera were Bartonella, Wolbachia, and Arsenophonus, where 23 out of 29 annotated bacteria genera were first reported in M. ovinus. Kluyvera intermedia, Corynebacterium maris DSM 45190, Planomicrobium okeanokoites, and Rhodococcus erythropolis were detected for the first time. All DNA viruses detected in this study have been reported in M. ovinus for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Yi-Min Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hong-Ou Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Animal Disease Control Center of Ordos, Ordos City, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Han
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Reproductive Biotechnology (Group) Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-Liang Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhan-Sheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shanghai Origingene Bio-pharm Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xing
- Shanghai Origingene Bio-pharm Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lin Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
| | - Li Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Technology in Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zhao,
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Li X, Wang L, Yang D. The complete mitochondrial genome of Ornithomya biloba (Diptera, Hippoboscidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2022; 7:856-858. [PMID: 35573599 PMCID: PMC9103512 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2075286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Ornithomya biloba (Dufour 1827) was first sequenced and annotated in this study as the first representative of the genus Ornithomya. The complete mitogenome is 18,654 bp in length and contains 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and control region). The phylogenetic analysis based on 13 PCGs in IQ-TREE supports the monophyly of Hippoboscidae, which was a sister group of Streblidae. Families Hippoboscidae and Streblidae formed the monophyletic Hippoboscoidea clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ding Yang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Fu YT, Zhang Y, Xun Y, Liu GH, Suleman, Zhao Y. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of six horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:105054. [PMID: 34461311 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The family Tabanidae (Insecta: Diptera) is one of the economically most important group of haematophagous insects, causing millions of livestock deaths per year. However, current knowledge on the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from this family is limited. Additional tabanid mitogenomes characterization is of utmost importance for their identification, epidemiologic and phylogenetic studies. We sequenced the mt genomes of six horseflies with an Illumina platform and their phylogenetic relationship was conducted with other infraorder Tabanomorpha members with available mt genome datasets. All six newly sequenced mitogenomes were typical 37-gene circular structures retaining the gene order of Tabanomorpha. The trnQ, trnM and trnA were highly conserved among the six mitogenomes (identity = 100%). The TΨC arm and variable loop regions were relatively more variable compared to the amino acid receptor arm, anticodon arm and DHU arm of the tRNAs. Among 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) of tabanids mitogenomes, the highest nucleotide diversity was detected in atp8, cox1, cox3, nad6 and cytb (0.1 for each). In addition, atp8 genes exhibited the highest evolutionary rate (ω = 0.24) among 13 PCGs. The interspecies K2P genetic distances among some Tabanus spp. across the mitogenome was greater (0.08) than intergeneric genetic distance between T. amaenus and Atylotus miser (0.07). Phylogenetic analyses revealed non-monophyletic relationships among horseflies of the genus Tabanus. The present study showed mt gene order is highly conserved within Tabanus species. Our mito-phylogenomic analysis supports the paraphyly of the genus Tabanus. The new data provide novel genetic markers for studies of population genetics and systematics of horseflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tian Fu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province 410128, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province 410128, China
| | - Ying Xun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province 410128, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province 410128, China
| | - Suleman
- Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Swabi 23340, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan province 410128, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, Henan province 464000, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Nie Y, Deng YP, Liu GH, Fu YT. The complete mitochondrial genome sequences of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) support the hypothesis that C. felis isolates from China and USA were the same C. f. felis subspecies. Acta Trop 2021; 217:105880. [PMID: 33662336 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) is the most important ectoparasite in cats and dogs worldwide. Over the years, there has been much dispute regarding the taxonomic and systematic status of C. felis. Mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences are useful genetic markers for the identification and differentiation of ectoparasites, but the mt genome of C. felis and its subspecies has not yet been entirely characterized. In the present study, the entire mt genome of C. f. felis from China was sequenced and compared with that of C. felis from the USA. Both contain 37 genes and a long non-coding region of >6 kbp. The molecular identity between the Chinese and American isolates was 99%, except for the non-coding region. The protein-coding genes showed differences at both the nucleotide (1.2%) and amino acid (1%) levels. Interestingly, the cox1 gene of the Chinese isolate had an unusual putative start codon (TTT). Taken together, our analyses strongly support the hypothesis that C. felis isolates from China and the USA were the same C. f. felis subspecies. The mt genome sequence of the C. f. felis China isolate presented in this study provides useful molecular markers to further address the taxonomy and systematics of C. felis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China
| | - Yu Nie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China
| | - Yuan-Ping Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China.
| | - Yi-Tian Fu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410128, China.
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Zhongying Q, Huihui C, Hao Y, Yuan H, Huimeng L, Xia L, Xingchun G. Comparative mitochondrial genomes of four species of Sinopodisma and phylogenetic implications (Orthoptera, Melanoplinae). Zookeys 2020; 969:23-42. [PMID: 33013166 PMCID: PMC7515930 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.969.49278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the whole mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from four species were sequenced. The complete mitochondrial genomes of Sinopodisma pieli, S. houshana, S. qinlingensis, and S. wulingshanensis are 15,857 bp, 15,818 bp, 15,843 bp, and 15,872 bp in size, respectively. The 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) begin with typical ATN codons, except for COXI in S. qinlingensis, which begins with ACC. The highest A+T content in all the sequenced orthopteran mitogenomes is 76.8% (S. qinlingensis), followed by 76.5% (S. wulingshanensis), 76.4% (S. pieli) and 76.4% (S. houshana) (measured on the major strand). The long polythymine stretches (T-stretch) in the A+T-rich region of the four species are not adjacent to the trnI locus but are inside the stem-loop sequences on the major strand. Moreover, several repeated elements are found in the A+T-rich region of the four species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 53 mitochondrial genomes using Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) revealed that Melanoplinae (Podismini) was a monophyletic group; however, the monophyly of Sinopodisma was not supported. These data will provide important information for a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationship of Melanoplinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Zhongying
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders &School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an,710021, China Xi'an Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Chang Huihui
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders &School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an,710021, China Xi'an Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Yuan Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Huang Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an China
| | - Lu Huimeng
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Li Xia
- Huizhou No.8 High School, Hui'zhou 516001, China Huizhou No.8 High School Hui'zhou China
| | - Gou Xingchun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders &School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an,710021, China Xi'an Medical University Xi'an China
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Boucheikhchoukh M, Mechouk N, Benakhla A, Raoult D, Parola P. Molecular evidence of bacteria in Melophagus ovinus sheep keds and Hippobosca equina forest flies collected from sheep and horses in northeastern Algeria. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 65:103-109. [PMID: 31300097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The sheep ked, Melophagus ovinus, and the forest fly, Hippobosca equina, are parasitic dipteran insects of veterinary importance. As hematophagous insects, they might be considered as potential vectors of diseases which may be transmissible to humans and animals. The purpose of this study was to present initial primary data about these two species in Algeria. To do so, we conducted a molecular survey to detect the presence of bacterial DNA in flies collected in Algeria. A total of 712 flies including, 683 Melophagus ovinus and 29 Hippobosca equina were collected from two regions in northeastern Algeria. Monitoring the monthly kinetics of M. ovinus infestations showed something resembling annual activity, with a high prevalence in January (21.67%) and May (20.94%). Real-time quantitative PCR assays showed that for 311 tested flies, 126 were positive for the Bartonella spp. rRNA intergenic spacer gene and 77 were positive for Anaplasmataceae. A random selection of positive samples was submitted for sequencing. The DNA of Bartonella chomelii and Bartonella melophagi were amplified in, respectively, five and four H. equina. 25 M. ovinus positive samples were infected by Bartonella melophagi. Amplification and sequencing of the Anaplasma spp. 23S rRNA gene revealed that both species were infected by Wolbachia sp. which had previously been detected in Cimex lectularius bed bugs. Overall, this study expanded knowledge about bacteria present in parasitic flies of domestic animals in Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Boucheikhchoukh
- Université Chadli Bendjedid, Département des Sciences Vétérinaires, El Tarf, 36000, Algeria.
| | | | - Ahmed Benakhla
- Université Chadli Bendjedid, Département des Sciences Vétérinaires, El Tarf, 36000, Algeria.
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Philippe Parola
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, France.
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