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Maraganga JM, Rindoria NM, Morara GM, Kimani VN, Wyk CV, Dumbo JC, Smit NJ, Luus-Powell WJ. Tegumental topography and molecular characterisation of two trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in Kenya. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 23:100897. [PMID: 38179236 PMCID: PMC10765301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The discoveries of new taxonomic features of digenean species through the application of contemporary techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular analysis are still growing. Two species of trematodes Glossidium pedatum and Tylodelphys mashonensis from the intestine and vitreous humour of Clarias gariepinus were recovered from Lake Ol'Bolossat, Kenya. The two endo-helminths were prepared for morphological examination using SEM and molecular characterisation. Additional morphological features were observed for G. pedatum such as domed papillae in the anterior extremity and a protruding cirrus which was unarmed, laterally folded and with a blunt tip as the first such observation for the genus and led to additional characteristics of the diagnosis of the genus. Tylodelphys mashonensis was characterised by a round oral sucker and tribocytic organ rounded with rows of papillae symmetrically arranged. The molecular analyses using ribosomal marker 28S large subunit (LSU) rDNA and mitochondrial (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) for both G. pedatum and T. mashonensis confirmed the identity of the species and their phylogenetic relationship within the subclass Digenea. This study provides the first mitochondrial (mt)DNA sequence for G. pedatum and also extends the geographical record of two parasites to Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M. Maraganga
- Department of Environment, Natural Resources and Aquatic Sciences, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408, Kisii, 40200, Kenya
| | - Nehemiah M. Rindoria
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kisii University, P.O Box 408, Kisii, 40200, Kenya
- DSI-NRF SARChI Chair in Ecosystem Health, Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - George M. Morara
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O Box 837, Naivasha, 20117, Kenya
| | - Veronica N. Kimani
- Department of Earth Sciences, Laikipia University, P. O Box 1100, Nyahururu, 20300, Kenya
| | - Coret van Wyk
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - José C. Dumbo
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
- Marine Biology Research Station of Inhaca, Eduardo Mondlane University, Av, Julius Nyerere, 3453, Campus Principal, Maputo, 257, Mozambique
| | - Nico J. Smit
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Wilmien J. Luus-Powell
- DSI-NRF SARChI Chair in Ecosystem Health, Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
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Duarte R, Dos Santos-Clapp MD, de Carvalho Brasil-Sato M. Metazoan endoparasites of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Actinopterygii: Erythrinidae) from upper and middle São Francisco river basin, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:645-659. [PMID: 36574009 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The endoparasitic fauna of Hoplias malabaricus (which is a species of paramount importance in the fishing and human food sectors) from Três Marias reservoir, São Francisco river, and from eleven marginal lagoons in the upper and middle São Francisco river basin, Brazil, was herein recorded for the first time. In total, 13 endoparasite species belonging to ten different families were found in 147 analyzed H. malabaricus specimens. The identified taxa comprised individuals belonging to phyla Apicomplexa-Calyptosporidae-Caplyptospora sp. (oocysts); Platyhelminthes-Trematoda-Diplostomidae (metacercariae)-Austrodiplostomum sp. and Sphincterodiplostomum musculosum, Clinostomidae (metacercariae)-Clinostomum sp., Gorgoderidae (adults)-Phyllodistomum spatula, and Eucestoda-Proteocephalidae gen. sp. (plerocercoids larvae); and Nematoda-Anisakidae (larvae)-Contracaecum sp. Types 1 and 2 and Hysterothylacium sp., Gnathostomatidae (larvae)-Spiroxys sp., Camallanidae (juveniles/adults)-Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Guyanemidae (juveniles/adults)-Guyanema baudi, and Cystidicolidae (juveniles/adults)-Cystidicoloides fischeri. Proteocephalidae gen. sp. and Contracaecum sp. Type 1 were the species presenting expressive parasitic indexes in the reservoir, in the river, and in nine of the eleven lagoons. Cystidicoloides fischeri was recorded for the first time in H. malabaricus. Guyanema baudi and S. musculosum had their geographic distribution expanded to São Francisco river basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Veterinárias, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Biologia E Ecologia de Parasitos, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas E da Saúde, UFRRJ, BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Daniele Dos Santos-Clapp
- Laboratório de Biologia E Ecologia de Parasitos, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas E da Saúde, UFRRJ, BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Marilia de Carvalho Brasil-Sato
- Laboratório de Biologia E Ecologia de Parasitos, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas E da Saúde, UFRRJ, BR-465 Km 7, Seropédica, RJ, 23897-000, Brazil
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Sokolov SG, Yang P, Lebedeva DI. New record of Tylodelphys metacercariae (Diplostomidae) from Perccottus glenii (Odontobutidae) and their phylogenetic assessment. Acta Vet Hung 2022; 70:274-281. [PMID: 36227717 DOI: 10.1556/004.2022.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Metacercariae of Tylodelphys sp. were found in the abdominal cavity of the Chinese sleeper (Perccottus glenii) collected in Liaoning Province and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. The sequences of the mitochondrial cox1 gene and ribosomal ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 region were obtained and used for molecular identification and phylogenetic assessment of this parasite species. Results of phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and cox1 markers showed that the metacercariae of Tylodelphys sp. ex P. glenii from China were conspecific with specimens of Tylodelphys sp. collected by Sokolov et al. (2013) from the same fish-host species captured earlier in West Siberia, Russia. The examined Tylodelphys sp. ex. P. glenii is the only member of the genus whose metacercariae parasitise the abdominal cavity of fish in northern Eurasia. Tylodelphys sp. ex P. glenii clustered with T. darbyi, T. immer, T. podicipina, and Tylodelphys sp. of Soldánová et al., 2017 based on mitochondrial DNA markers, and with T. darbyi, T. immer, T. kuerepus, and T. schreuringi using nuclear DNA markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey G Sokolov
- 1A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peimin Yang
- 2Liaoning Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Liaoyang, China
| | - Daria I Lebedeva
- 3Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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Metacercariae in the brain of Erythrinus cf. erythrinus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) from Iguazú National Park (Argentina): do they belong to Dolichorchis lacombeensis (Digenea, Diplostomidae)? J Helminthol 2022; 96:e61. [PMID: 35979699 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In Argentina, the family Diplostomidae is composed of eight genera: Austrodiplostomum Szidat & Nani; Diplostomum von Nordmann; Dolichorchis Dubois; Hysteromorpha Lutz; Neodiplostomum Railliet; Posthodiplostomum Dubois; Sphincterodiplostomum Dubois; and Tylodelphys Diesing. During a parasitological survey of fishes from the Iguazú National Park we detected diplostomid metacercariae in the brain of Erythrinus cf. erythrinus. Fish were caught using crab traps, transported alive to the field laboratory, cold-anaesthetized and euthanized by cervical dissection. Some metacercariae were heat-killed in water and fixed in 10% formalin and others were preserved in alcohol 96% for DNA extraction. They were sequenced for the partial segment of the 28S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA genes. Phylogenetic reconstruction was carried out using Bayesian inference and the proportion (p) of absolute nucleotide sites (p-distance) was obtained. In the 28S rDNA tree, the metacercaria sequenced grouped as Dolichorchis sp. The COI mtDNA p-distance between the metacercariae with Dolichorchis lacombeensis was 0.01. There is a small number of ITS sequences for the Diplostomidae family deposited in the GenBank. The oral sucker, ventral sucker, holdfast organ and the distance between oral and ventral suckers are larger in the adult compared with the metacercariae. Additionally, hind-body length and width are larger in the adult due to the development of the genital complex. Further studies using an integrative approach will help confirm the affiliation of other species to the genus Dolichorchis.
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Molecular phylogeny of Diplostomum, Tylodelphys, Austrodiplostomum and Paralaria (Digenea: Diplostomidae) necessitates systematic changes and reveals a history of evolutionary host switching events. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:47-63. [PMID: 34371018 PMCID: PMC8742756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886 is a large, globally distributed family of digeneans parasitic in intestines of their definitive hosts. Diplostomum and Tylodelphys spp. are broadly distributed, commonly reported, and the most often sequenced diplostomid genera. The majority of published DNA sequences from these genera originated from larval stages only, which typically cannot be identified to the species level based on morphology alone. We generated partial large ribosomal subunit (28S) rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mtDNA gene sequences from 14 species/species-level lineages of Diplostomum, six species/species-level lineages of Tylodelphys, two species/species-level lineages of Austrodiplostomum, one species previously assigned to Paralaria, two species/species-level lineages of Dolichorchis and one unknown diplostomid. Our DNA sequences of 11 species/species-level lineages of Diplostomum (all identified to species), four species/species-level lineages of Tylodelphys (all identified to species), Austrodiplostomum compactum, Paralaria alarioides and Dolichorchis lacombeensis originated from adult specimens. 28S sequences were used for phylogenetic inference to demonstrate the position of Paralaria alarioides and Dolichorchis spp. within the Diplostomoidea and study the interrelationships of Diplostomum, Tylodelphys and Austrodiplostomum. Our results demonstrate that two diplostomids from the North American river otter (P. alarioides and a likely undescribed taxon) belong within Diplostomum. Further, our results demonstrate the non-monophyly of Tylodelphys due to the position of Austrodiplostomum spp., based on our phylogenetic analyses and morphology. Furthermore, the results of phylogenetic analysis of 28S confirmed the status of Dolichorchis as a separate genus. The phylogenies suggest multiple definitive host-switching events (birds to otters and among major avian groups) and a New World origin of Diplostomum and Tylodelphys spp. Our DNA sequences from adult digeneans revealed identities of 10 previously published lineages of Diplostomum and Tylodelphys, which were previously identified to genus only. The novel DNA data from this work provide opportunities for future comparisons of larval diplostomines collected in ecological studies.
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Cracco ADF, Scorsim B, Oliveira AVD, Takemoto RM. Morphological and molecular characterization of Austrodiplostomum compactum metacercariae in the eyes and brains of fishes from the Ivaí River, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2022; 31:e021421. [PMID: 35476009 PMCID: PMC9901856 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Austrodiplostomum spp. (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) are endoparasites with a broad geographic distribution in South America. During the larval stage, they parasitize the eyes, brains, muscles, gill, kidneys and swim bladder of a wide variety of fishes. The metacercariae of Austrodiplostomum spp. have several morphological characteristics during development, but are very similar among species, which makes it necessary to use molecular tools to contribute to the elucidation during the larval stage. The objective of this study was to perform morphological and molecular analyses of Austrodiplostomum sp. found in specimens of Hypostomus sourced from the Ivaí River in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Of the 93 analyzed specimens (H. hermanni [n = 50], H. albopunctatus [n = 9], Hypostomus sp. 1 [n = 24], and Hypostomus sp. 2 [n = 10]), 60 were parasitized. A total of 577 Austrodiplostomum sp. metacercariae was collected from the infected hosts; DNA from seven of these samples was extracted, amplified, and sequenced. The morphological data associated with the genetic distance values and the relationships observed in the COI gene tree, indicate that all metacercariae were A. compactum. This is the first record of A. compactum parasitizing H. hermanni, H. albopunctatus, Hypostomus sp. 1, and Hypostomus sp. 2 in the Ivaí River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparecida de Fátima Cracco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brasil.,Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura - NUPÉLIA, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - Bárbara Scorsim
- Programa de pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Valéria de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura - NUPÉLIA, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Massato Takemoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Comparada, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brasil.,Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura - NUPÉLIA, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brasil.,Programa de pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Locke SA, Drago FB, Núñez V, Souza GTRE, Takemoto RM. Phylogenetic position of Diplostomum spp. from New World herons based on complete mitogenomes, rDNA operons, and DNA barcodes, including a new species with partially elucidated life cycle. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2129-2137. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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