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Diaz-Suarez A, Noreikiene K, Kahar S, Ozerov MY, Gross R, Kisand V, Vasemägi A. DNA metabarcoding reveals spatial and temporal variation of fish eye fluke communities in lake ecosystems. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:33-46. [PMID: 37633409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Eye flukes (Diplostomidae) are diverse and abundant trematode parasites that form multi-species communities in fish with negative effects on host fitness and survival. However, the environmental factors and host-related characteristics that determine species diversity, composition, and coexistence in such communities remain poorly understood. Here, we developed a cost-effective cox1 region-specific DNA metabarcoding approach to characterize parasitic diplostomid communities in two common fish species (Eurasian perch and common roach) collected from seven temperate lakes in Estonia. We found considerable inter- and intra-lake, as well as inter-host species, variation in diplostomid communities. Sympatric host species characterization revealed that parasite communities were typically more diverse in roach than perch. Additionally, we detected five positive and two negative diplostomid species associations in roach, whereas only a single negative association was observed in perch. These results indicate that diplostomid communities in temperate lakes are complex and dynamic systems exhibiting both spatial and temporal heterogeneity. They are influenced by various environmental factors and by host-parasite and inter-parasite interactions. We expect that the described methodology facilitates ecological and biodiversity research of diplostomid parasites. It is also adaptable to other parasite groups where it could serve to improve current understanding of diversity, distribution, and interspecies interactions of other understudied taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Diaz-Suarez
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Kristina Noreikiene
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia. https://twitter.com/snaudale
| | - Siim Kahar
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikhail Y Ozerov
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland; Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Stångholmsvägen 2, 17893 Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Riho Gross
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Veljo Kisand
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anti Vasemägi
- Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Stångholmsvägen 2, 17893 Drottningholm, Sweden
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El-Morsey A, Abdo W. Recent insights into the morphology, molecular characterization and tissue localization of the caprine Sarcocystis species infecting domestic goats (Capra hiricus): Sarcocystis moulei, Sarcocystis capracanis, and Sarcocystis hircicanis. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:55. [PMID: 38102457 PMCID: PMC10724331 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Ninety-seven (64.67%) out of 150 domestic goats (Capra hiricus) carcasses were found to be infected by Sarcocystis moulei, Sarcocystis capracanis, and Sarcocystis hircicanis sarcocysts. Sarcocystis moulei macrosarcocysts were detected in the cardiac, esophageal, skeletal, lingual, and diaphragmatic muscles of seven goats (4.67%) out of the 150 examined animals, whereas the microscopic Sarcocystis species were found in (90/150 = 60%). Two morphotypes of S. moulei were observed. Morphotype (I) macrosarcocysts were large-sized oval, ovoid, spherical, and measured 2-7 mm in length x 2-6 mm in width. Sarcocystis moulei morphotype (II) macrosarcocysts were spindle-shaped, spheroid, sometimes elongated, and measured 1.8-6 x 0.5-2 mm. By TEM, all S. moulei morphotypes were ultrastructurally the same and had a sarcocyst wall that was characterized by highly branched or cauliflower-like villar protrusions (VP) with dumbbell-like structures. The VP interior was packed with well-developed microtubules in longitudinal and cross arrangements. Sarcocystis moulei cyst wall was 3-6 μm thick. Sarcocystis capracanis microsarcocysts detected herein had a cyst wall that ranged from 4-8 μm in thickness. The VP was upright finger-like or cylindrical. The PVM had electron-dense corrugations in the region of the VP. Few amounts of microfilaments were detected inside the cores of VP. Sarcocystis hircicanis had a thinner cyst wall (~1-3 μm) with hairy long VP that ranged from 1 to 7.5 μm in length. Microtubules were missing inside the cores of the VP. The three caprine Sarcocystis species were molecularly characterized on the level of the 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and Cox1 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Morsey
- Parasitology and Animal Diseases Department, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St. (former El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt.
| | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
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Ayadi ZEM, Tazerouti F. Microcotyle justinei n. sp. (Monogenea: Microcotylidae) from the Gills of the Cardinal Fish Apogon imberbis (Teleostei: Apogonidae) off the Algerian Coast of the Western Mediterranean. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:842-852. [PMID: 37828251 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A new monogenean Microcotyle justinei n. sp. (Monogenea: Microcotylidae) is described based on specimens found on the gill filaments of the cardinal fish Apogon imberbis (Apogonidae) off the Algerian coast of the Western Mediterranean. METHODS Monogeneans were examined, measured and drawn for a comparative morphological study with other species of Microcotyle and characterised molecularly using a partial fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. The identification of fish was confirmed by molecular barcoding using the cox1 gene. RESULTS The new species is distinguished from all other species of the genus by a combination of features, such as the number and size of the clamps, the shape and size of the genital atrium and the number of testes. The molecular analysis of the cox1 gene sequences showed that interspecific differences between Microcotyle justinei n. sp. and published sequences of Microcotyle spp. was greater than 8.8%, strongly suggesting that the new species is distinct from other congeners with sequences available on GenBank. CONCLUSION The morphological and molecular analyses support the status of M. justinei as a new species. The present finding extends the list of Microcotyle spp. to 72.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouhour El Mouna Ayadi
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement: Interactions et Génomes, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El Alia Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Fadila Tazerouti
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement: Interactions et Génomes, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El Alia Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
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Kobayashi G. Buried treasure in a public repository: Mining mitochondrial genes of 32 annelid species from sequence reads deposited in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA). PeerJ 2023; 11:e16446. [PMID: 38047014 PMCID: PMC10693233 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of metazoans generally include the same set of protein-coding genes, which ensures the homology of mitochondrial genes between species. The mitochondrial genes are often used as reference data for species identification based on genetic data (DNA barcoding). The need for such reference data has been increasing due to the application of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis for environmental assessments. Recently, the number of publicly available sequence reads obtained with next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been increasing in the public database (the NCBI Sequence Read Archive, SRA). Such freely available NGS reads would be promising sources for assembling mitochondrial protein-coding genes (mPCGs) of organisms whose mitochondrial genes are not available in GenBank. The present study aimed to assemble annelid mPCGs from raw data deposited in the SRA. Methods The recent progress in the classification of Annelida was briefly introduced. In the present study, the mPCGs of 32 annelid species of 19 families in clitellates and allies in Sedentaria (echiurans and polychaetes) were newly assembled from the reads deposited in the SRA. Assembly was performed with a recently published pipeline mitoRNA, which includes cycles of Bowtie2 mapping and Trinity assembly. Assembled mPCGs were deposited in GenBank as Third Party Data (TPA) data. A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed with maximum likelihood (ML) analysis, together with other mPCGs deposited in GenBank. Results and Discussion mPCG assembly was largely successful except for Travisia forbesii; only four genes were detected from the assembled contigs of the species probably due to the reads targeting its parasite. Most genes were largely successfully obtained, whereas atp8, nad2, and nad4l were only successful in 22-24 species. The high nucleotide substitution rates of these genes might be relevant to the failure in the assembly although nad6, which showed a similarly high substitution rate, was successfully assembled. Although the phylogenetic positions of several lineages were not resolved in the present study, the phylogenetic relationships of some polychaetes and leeches that were not inferred by transcriptomes were well resolved probably due to a more dense taxon sampling than previous phylogenetic analyses based on transcriptomes. Although NGS data are generally better sources for resolving phylogenetic relationships of both higher and lower classifications, there are ensuring needs for specific loci of the mitochondrial genes for analyses that do not require high resolutions, such as DNA barcoding, eDNA, and phylogenetic analysis among lower taxa. Assembly from publicly available NGS reads would help design specific primers for the mitochondrial gene sequences of species, whose mitochondrial genes are hard to amplify by Sanger sequencing using universal primers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Kobayashi
- Research Center for Creative Partnerships, Ishinomaki Senshu University, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan
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Agniwo P, Boissier J, Sidibé B, Dembélé L, Diakité A, Niaré DS, Akplogan A, Guindo H, Blin M, Dametto S, Ibikounlé M, Spangenberg T, Dabo A. Genetic profiles of Schistosoma haematobium parasites from Malian transmission hotspot areas. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:263. [PMID: 37542265 PMCID: PMC10403946 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05860-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although schistosomiasis is a public health issue in Mali, little is known about the parasite genetic profile. The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic profile of the schistosomes of Schistosoma haematobium group in school-aged children in various sites in Mali. METHODS Urine samples were collected from 7 to 21 November 2021 and subjected to a filtration method for the presence S. haematobium eggs. The study took place in two schistosomiasis endemic villages (Fangouné Bamanan and Diakalèl), qualified as hotspots according to the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. Molecular genotyping on both Cox1 and ITS2/18S was used for eggs' taxonomic assignation. RESULTS A total of 970 miracidia were individually collected from 63 school-aged children and stored on Whatman FTA cards for molecular analysis. After genotyping 42.0% (353/840) and 58.0% (487/840) of miracidia revealed Schistosoma bovis and S. haematobium Cox1 profiles, respectively; 95.7 (885/925) and 4.3% (40/925) revealed S. haematobium and S. haematobium/S. curassoni profiles for ITS/18S genes, respectively. There was a significant difference in the Cox1 and ITS2/18S profile distribution according to the village (P < 0.0001). Overall, 45.6% (360/789) were hybrids, of which 72.0% (322/447) were from Diakalèl. Three hybrids' profiles (Sb/Sc_ShxSc with 2.3%; Sb/Sc_ShxSh with 40.5%; Sh_ShxSc with 2.8%) and one pure profile (Sh_ShxSh with 54.4%) were identified. CONCLUSION Our findings show, for the first time to our knowledge, high prevalence of hybrid schistosomes in Mali. More studies are needed on population genetics of schistosomes at the human and animal interface to evaluate the parasite's gene flow and its consequences on epidemiology of the disease as well as the transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Privat Agniwo
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (USTTB/UCAD/UGB/CNRST/CNRS), BP 1805, IRL 3189, Bamako, Mali
- IHPE, University Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
- Centre de Recherche pour la lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales (CReMIT/TIDRC), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Jérôme Boissier
- IHPE, University Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Bakary Sidibé
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (USTTB/UCAD/UGB/CNRST/CNRS), BP 1805, IRL 3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Laurent Dembélé
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (USTTB/UCAD/UGB/CNRST/CNRS), BP 1805, IRL 3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Assitan Diakité
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (USTTB/UCAD/UGB/CNRST/CNRS), BP 1805, IRL 3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Doumbo Safiatou Niaré
- IHPE, University Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Ahristode Akplogan
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (USTTB/UCAD/UGB/CNRST/CNRS), BP 1805, IRL 3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Hassim Guindo
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (USTTB/UCAD/UGB/CNRST/CNRS), BP 1805, IRL 3189, Bamako, Mali
| | - Manon Blin
- IHPE, University Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Sarah Dametto
- IHPE, University Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, University Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Moudachirou Ibikounlé
- Centre de Recherche pour la lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales (CReMIT/TIDRC), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Bénin
| | - Thomas Spangenberg
- Global Health Institute of Merck, Ares Trading S.A., a subsidiary of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Route de Crassier 1, 1262, Eysins, Switzerland
| | - Abdoulaye Dabo
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, Malaria Research and Training Center (MRTC), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (USTTB/UCAD/UGB/CNRST/CNRS), BP 1805, IRL 3189, Bamako, Mali.
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Yektaseresht A, Razavi SM, Sebdani MM, Ahmadi A. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Linguatula serrata isolated from camels, sheep and goats in Iran. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:410-415. [PMID: 37193485 PMCID: PMC10182198 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Linguatula serrata is an important zoonotic parasite with worldwide distribution. The objective of the present study was to investigate the molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of nymphal stage of L. serrata from camels, goats and sheep in Iran. The mesenteric lymph nodes were collected from various ruminants including goats, sheep and camels at Isfahan and Shiraz slaughterhouses and the nymphs were identified using morphological characteristics. After DNA extraction, the 18 S rRNA and Cox1 genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The sequencing of the genes was conducted using specific primers and a capillary DNA analyzer. The comparison of amplified sequences with existing data confirmed the presence of L. serrata with 99.6-100% nucleotide sequence similarity. Based on 18 S rRNA and Cox1 sequences, two isolates collected from sheep revealed 100% and 99.9% sequence identity, respectively. Also, three isolates from camel had 99.64-100% and 99.7-100% homology. Two isolates from sheep had 100% identity in their 18SrRNA gene and were categorized together, but showed 99.9% similarity in the Cox1 gene, not clustering together. Phylogenetic analysis of the Cox1 gene classified nearly all the isolates into L. arctica clade. It can be concluded that 18 S rRNA and Cox1 genes sequencing can be a proper method for the analysis of phylogenetic relationships of L. serrata among different hosts in different parts of Iran, possibly helpful for infection control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Yektaseresht
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Razavi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Amin Ahmadi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ardakan University, P.O. Box 184, Ardakan, Iran
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Tookhy NA, Isa NMM, Mansor R, Rahaman YA, Ahmad NI, Bui DT, Idris LH, Hamzah NH, Zulkifli N. Morphological and molecular identification of lymnaeid snail and trematodes cercariae in different water bodies in Perak, Malaysia. Parasitol Res 2023:10.1007/s00436-023-07845-z. [PMID: 37145225 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymnaeid snails play a crucial role in the transmission of trematode cercariae as an intermediate host that can infect humans, ruminants like buffalo, and other animals, resulting in serious economic losses. The purpose of the study was to identify the morphological and molecular characteristics of snails and cercariae collected from water bodies near buffalo farms that were integrated with palm oil in Perak, Malaysia. The presence or absence of snails in 35 water bodies was examined via cross-sectional study. From three marsh wetlands, 836 lymnaeid snails were gathered in total. Each snail's shell was morphologically identified to determine its family and species. The cercarial stage inside each snail's body was observed using the crushing method and trematode cercariae types were determined. In addition, the target gene Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region were used to identify the snail species and cercarial types according to the species level. The findings indicated that the collected snails belong to the family lymnaeidae and Radix rubiginosa species. In snails, the cercarial emergence infection rate was 8.7%. Echinostome, xiphidiocercariae, gymnocephalous, brevifurcate-apharyngeate distome cercariae (BADC), and longifurcate-pharyngeal monostome cercariae (LPMC) are the five morphological cercarial types that were observed. The cercariae were identified using morphological and molecular techniques, and they are members of the four families which are Echinostomatidae, Plagiorchiidae, Fasciolidae, and Schistosomatidae. Interestingly, this is the first study on R. rubiginosa and several trematode cercariae in Perak water bodies near buffalo farms that are integrated with palm oil. In conclusion, our research shown that a variety of parasitic trematodes in Perak use R. rubiginosa as an intermediate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmad Tookhy
- Department of Paraclinic, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Mahiza Md Isa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rozaihan Mansor
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animals Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yasmin Abd Rahaman
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Indah Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dung Thi Bui
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Lokman Hakim Idris
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hazfalinda Hamzah
- Forensic Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Norhadila Zulkifli
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sharifdini M, Hajialilo E, Hosseinnezhad H, Mohammadi MA. Molecular Characterization of Mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( Cox1) gene from Trichostrongylus Species (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in Northern Iran. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2023; 47:28-33. [PMID: 36872482 DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2022.16878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of the present study was to identify Trichostrongylus species by molecular analysis and also phylogenetic relationships of Trichostrongylus species by mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) gene in Guilan province, northern Iran. Methods Abomasum and duodenum contents of 144 livestock were collected from sheep, goats, and cattle in Guilan province. Morphological survey was performed for initial screening. Total DNA was extracted, and the partial region of Cox1 gene was amplified and sequenced. Genetic diversity was calculated and phylogenetic analysis of the data on nucleotide sequence was conducted by MEGA7 software. Results Three species of Trichostrongylus including T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, and T. axei were identified by morphological characteristics. The genetic divergence within the species in the present study was observed for T. axei (0-2.5%), T. colubriformis (0.77%), and T. vitrinus (0%). The mean inter-species difference between the three species of Trichostrongylus obtained in this study was 14.4-15.4%. Conclusion The Cox1 sequences of the members of Trichostrongylus spp. were highly variable and this could be used as a valuable measure to achieve a proper assessment on biodiversity. Sequence data generation from other species of Trichostrongylus will be needed to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of this genus of nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Sharifdini
- Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Rasht, Iran
| | - Elham Hajialilo
- Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin, Iran,Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseinnezhad
- Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mohammadi
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman, Iran
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Vashistha A, Khan HR. Role of intraluteal and intrauterine prostaglandin signaling in LH-induced luteolysis in pregnant rats. Mol Reprod Dev 2023; 90:260-271. [PMID: 36866418 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Luteal dysfunctions lead to fertility disorders and pregnancy complications. Normal luteal function is regulated by many factors, including luteinizing hormone (LH). The luteotropic roles of LH have been widely investigated but its role in the process of luteolysis has received little attention. LH has been shown to have luteolytic effects during pregnancy in rats and the role of intraluteal prostaglandins (PGs) in LH-mediated luteolysis has been demonstrated by others. However, the status of PG signaling in the uterus during LH-mediated luteolysis remains unexplored. In this study, we utilized the repeated LH administration (4×LH) model for luteolysis induction. We have examined the effect of LH-mediated luteolysis on the expression of genes involved in luteal/uterine PG synthesis, luteal PGF2α signaling, and uterine activation during different stages (mid and late) of pregnancy. Further, we analyzed the effect of overall PG synthesis machinery blockage on LH-mediated luteolysis during late pregnancy. Unlike the midstage of pregnancy, the expression of genes involved in PG synthesis, PGF2α signaling, and uterine activation in late-stage pregnant rats' luteal and uterine tissue increase 4×LH. Since the cAMP/PKA pathway mediates LH-mediated luteolysis, we analyzed the effect of inhibition of endogenous PG synthesis on the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway, followed by the analysis of the expression of markers of luteolysis. Inhibition of endogenous PG synthesis did not affect the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. However, in the absence of endogenous PGs, luteolysis could not be activated to the full extent. Our results suggest that endogenous PGs may contribute to LH-mediated luteolysis, but this dependency on endogenous PGs is pregnancy-stage dependent. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular pathways that regulate luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshi Vashistha
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Habibur Rahaman Khan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Safety Assessment, Adgyl LifeSciences Private Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka
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Heydarian P, Kia EB, Heidari Z, Sharifdini M, Zarei Z, Zahabiun F. Molecular Characterization of Mesocestoides litteratus (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Mesocestoididae) Tetrathyridium Isolated from Two Species of Rodents from Iran. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:223-230. [PMID: 36637696 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesocestoides spp. are Cyclophyllidean tapeworms with zoonotic importance. The current study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of Mesocestoides larvae (tetrathyridium) isolated from the abdominal cavity of persion jird, Meriones persicus, and from the liver of grey hamster, Cricetulus migratorius, in Ardabil Province, northwest Iran. METHODS Genomic DNA of the isolates of Mesocestoides tetrathyridium were extracted, and mitochondrial gene of cytochrome-c oxidase subunit1 (cox1) was amplified. Sequencing of PCR products were performed and phylogenic analysis was run using MEGA 6.0 software. RESULTS Both isolates were identified as Mesocestoides litteratus, showing high identity with M. litteratus sequences available in GenBank. Also, they had 100% homology to each other. Intra-species variation within isolates of M. litteratus were 0-2.4%. The phylogenetic reconstruction based on the partial sequence of the cox1 gene showed that our sequences of M. litteratus were clustered with M. litteratus isolates from Slovakia, Netherlands, Germany and Italy. CONCLUSION This is the first molecular description of M. litteratus from M. persicus and C. migratorius. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that M. litteratus isolates of the current study had very high identities with the isolates of this species from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Heydarian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Eshrat Beigom Kia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Meysam Sharifdini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zabihollah Zarei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Zahabiun
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lozano-Cobo H, Oceguera-Figueroa A, Silva-Segundo CA, Robinson CJ, Gómez-Gutiérrez J. Finding a needle in a haystack: larval stages of Didymozoidae (Trematoda: Digenea) parasitizing marine zooplankton. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:2661-2672. [PMID: 35857092 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Larval didymozoids (Trematoda: Digenea) were discovered parasitizing the hemocoel of the heteropod Firoloida desmarestia (redia mean intensity = 13) and the chaetognaths Flaccisagitta enflata and Flaccisagitta hexaptera (metacercaria mean intensity = 1) during a 2014-2016 systematic study of parasites of zooplankton collected in the central and southern regions of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Didymozoid infection route during the early life cycle was inferred combining morphological (light microscopy) and molecular (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, cox1) evidence. Didymozoid rediae parasitizing F. desmarestia were observed, just after field collection of the host, containing hundredths of completely developed cystophorous cercariae, releasing them though the birth pore at approximately one cercaria every 12 s. Cercariae lost their tails developing into a 'young metacercaria' in 1 d at 22 °C without need of an intermediate host. Molecular analysis of cox1 showed that rediae found in F. desmarestia belong to two distinct didymozoid species (Didymozoidae sp. 1 and sp. 2). Metacercariae parasitizing chaetognaths were morphologically identified as Didymozoidae type Monilicaecum and cox1 sequences showed that metacercariae of chaetognaths matched with these two Didymozoidae sp. 1, and sp. 2 species found parasitizing F. desmarestia, plus a third distinct Didymozoidae sp. 3. These are the first DNA sequences of cox1 gene from didymozoid larvae for any zooplankton taxonomic group in the world. We concluded that F. desmarestia is the first intermediate host of rediae and cercariae, and the chaetognaths are the second intermediate hosts where non-encysted metacercariae were found. The definitive host is still unknown because cox1 sequences of present study did not genetically match with any available cox1 sequence of adult didymozoid. Our results demonstrate a potential overlap in the distribution of two carnivorous zooplankton taxonomic groups that are intermediate hosts of didymozoids in the pelagic habitat. The didymozoid specimens were not identified to species level because any of the cox1 sequences generated here matched with the sequences of adult didymozoids currently available in GenBank and Bold System databases. This study provides baseline information for the future morphological and molecular understanding of the Didymozoidae larvae that has been previously based on the recognition of the 12 known morphotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Lozano-Cobo
- Departamento de Hidrobiología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma, 09310, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Helmintología, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia A Silva-Segundo
- Departamento Académico de Ingeniería en Pesquerías, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, km 5.5 Carretera al Sur, 23080, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico
| | - Carlos J Robinson
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Gómez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.
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12
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Swaminathan AB, Soma S, Vicary AC, Zulkifli M, Kaur H, Gohil VM. A yeast suppressor screen links Coa4 to the mitochondrial copper delivery pathway for cytochrome c oxidase. Genetics 2022; 221:6603117. [PMID: 35666203 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is a multimeric copper-containing enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain that powers cellular energy production. The two core subunits of CcO, Cox1 and Cox2, harbor the catalytic CuB and CuA sites, respectively. Biogenesis of each copper site occurs separately and requires multiple proteins that constitute the mitochondrial copper delivery pathway. Currently, the identity of all the members of the pathway is not known, though several evolutionarily conserved twin CX9C motif-containing proteins have been implicated in this process. Here, we performed a targeted yeast suppressor screen that placed Coa4, a twin CX9C motif-containing protein, in the copper delivery pathway to the Cox1 subunit. Specifically, we show that overexpression of Cox11, a copper metallochaperone required for the formation of CuB site, can restore Cox1 abundance, CcO assembly, and mitochondrial respiration in coa4Δ cells. This rescue is dependent on the copper-coordinating cysteines of Cox11. The abundance of Coa4 and Cox11 in mitochondria is reciprocally regulated, further linking Coa4 to the CuB site biogenesis. Additionally, we find that coa4Δ cells have reduced levels of copper and exogenous copper supplementation can partially ameliorate its respiratory-deficient phenotype, a finding that connects Coa4 to cellular copper homeostasis. Finally, we demonstrate that human COA4 can replace the function of yeast Coa4 indicating its evolutionarily conserved role. Our work provides genetic evidences for the role of Coa4 in the copper delivery pathway to the CuB site of CcO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav B Swaminathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shivatheja Soma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alison C Vicary
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mohammad Zulkifli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Harman Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Zhou M, Peng P, Zhang X, Lu Y, Han L, Chen D, Li H, Tian L, Chai H, Hou Z. First isolation of Trichuris from Chinese serow, Capricornis milneedwardsii (Cetartiodactyla: Caprinae). Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1047-1051. [PMID: 35106651 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Whipworms are soil-transmitted helminths that can infect a variety of animals. A Chinese serow possibly infected by whipworms was found during a wildlife disease surveillance project in Baima Snow Mountain National Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China, in 2021. As convergent evolution is common in coinhabiting parasites, a mitochondrial gene sequence (cox1) and ribosomal gene sequence (ITS1) were used to identify species similar to Trichuris from Chinese serow. The phylogenetic trees and genetic distances of ten Trichuris samples from a Chinese serow together with other Trichuris spp. that have been previously reported were analysed based on the cox1 and ITS1 sequences. The combined results of the phylogenetic tree and genetic distances based on cox1 gene showed that the whipworms in Chinese serow are T. skrjabini. However, the whipworms in the present study were divided into two apparent clades in the phylogenic trees constructed by the cox1 sequences (Clades A and B) and the ITS1 sequences (Clades C and D). In addition, the Fst and Nm values were 0.82 and 0.23 between Clade A and Clade B for the cox1 gene, and 0.30 and 0.45 between Clade C and Clade D for the ITS1 sequences; both indicators showed low gene flow among the clades. Therefore, the genetic population structure of T. skrjabini was illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Zhou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases and Pathogens Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Peng
- General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Diseases, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Diseases, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaxian Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases and Pathogens Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases and Pathogens Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Denghui Chen
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases and Pathogens Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongjia Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.,Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases and Pathogens Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihong Tian
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. .,Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases and Pathogens Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhijun Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. .,Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases and Pathogens Ecology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
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Hossen MS, Barton DP, Wassens S, Shamsi S. Occurrence and molecular identification of Monogenea from blue-spotted flathead Platycephalus caeruleopunctatus (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae) in Australian waters. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:573-590. [PMID: 35039961 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the occurrence and molecular identification of Monogenea from blue-spotted flathead Platycephalus caeruleopunctatus (McCulloch) (Scorpaeniformes: Platycephalidae) from waters off the NSW coast, Australia. Platycephalus spp. are favoured by consumers for delicate, white, mild flavoured flesh and therefore are commercially important species within Australia. Platycephalus spp. are also extensively targeted by Australian recreational fishers. There has been no previous study that has exclusively focused on Pl. caeruleopunctatus in Australia or globally. Although a single study by Dillon (1985), of monogeneans infecting Platycephalus spp. from Australian waters, identified Microcotyle bassensis Murray, 1931 in Pl. caeruleopunctatus. The present study combines both morphological and molecular methods to identify both host and parasites. A total of 116 fish, sourced from the waters off the coast of New South Wales, Australia, were examined. A total of 1498 Monogenea were recovered from the gills. The overall prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance were 72%, 18.05, and 12.91, respectively. Monogenea were initially classified morphologically as two different species M. bassensis (family: Microcotylidae) and Platycephalotrema bassense (Hughes, 1928) Kritsky & Nitta, 2019 (family: Ancyrocephalidae). Molecular identification of Monogenea was conducted through sequencing of their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and nuclear 28S genes. The specific identification of host Pl. caeruleopunctatus was confirmed through sequencing the cox1 gene. There was no comparable sequence for cox1 and 28S genes available in GenBank for the monogenean species found in the present study. Only a single sequence (obtained from the nuclear ITS2-rDNA) was deposited in GenBank for M. bassensis. However, the phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear sequences revealed that the identified Monogenea clustered according to their familial groups. Platycephalotrema bassense was identified for the first time in Pl. caeruleopunctatus in the present study. This study has provided the first evidence for the exploration of both cox1 and 28S sequences of all Monogenea. The findings of this study serve as a foundation for future monogenean research on other Platycephalus spp. from Australian waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafaet Hossen
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia. .,Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Diane P Barton
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Skye Wassens
- School of Environmental Sciences & Institute of Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, 2640, Australia
| | - Shokoofeh Shamsi
- School of Agriculture, Environment and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
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Achatz TJ, Martens JR, Kostadinova A, Pulis EE, Orlofske SA, Bell JA, Fecchio A, Oyarzún-Ruiz P, Syrota YY, Tkach VV. Molecular phylogeny of Diplostomum, Tylodelphys, Austrodiplostomum and Paralaria (Digenea: Diplostomidae) necessitates systematic changes and reveals a history of evolutionary host switching events. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:47-63. [PMID: 34371018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Diplostomidae Poirier, 1886 is a large, globally distributed family of digeneans parasitic in intestines of their definitive hosts. Diplostomum and Tylodelphys spp. are broadly distributed, commonly reported, and the most often sequenced diplostomid genera. The majority of published DNA sequences from these genera originated from larval stages only, which typically cannot be identified to the species level based on morphology alone. We generated partial large ribosomal subunit (28S) rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) mtDNA gene sequences from 14 species/species-level lineages of Diplostomum, six species/species-level lineages of Tylodelphys, two species/species-level lineages of Austrodiplostomum, one species previously assigned to Paralaria, two species/species-level lineages of Dolichorchis and one unknown diplostomid. Our DNA sequences of 11 species/species-level lineages of Diplostomum (all identified to species), four species/species-level lineages of Tylodelphys (all identified to species), Austrodiplostomum compactum, Paralaria alarioides and Dolichorchis lacombeensis originated from adult specimens. 28S sequences were used for phylogenetic inference to demonstrate the position of Paralaria alarioides and Dolichorchis spp. within the Diplostomoidea and study the interrelationships of Diplostomum, Tylodelphys and Austrodiplostomum. Our results demonstrate that two diplostomids from the North American river otter (P. alarioides and a likely undescribed taxon) belong within Diplostomum. Further, our results demonstrate the non-monophyly of Tylodelphys due to the position of Austrodiplostomum spp., based on our phylogenetic analyses and morphology. Furthermore, the results of phylogenetic analysis of 28S confirmed the status of Dolichorchis as a separate genus. The phylogenies suggest multiple definitive host-switching events (birds to otters and among major avian groups) and a New World origin of Diplostomum and Tylodelphys spp. Our DNA sequences from adult digeneans revealed identities of 10 previously published lineages of Diplostomum and Tylodelphys, which were previously identified to genus only. The novel DNA data from this work provide opportunities for future comparisons of larval diplostomines collected in ecological studies.
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Lozano-Cobo H, Gómez Del Prado-Rosas MDC, Silva-Segundo CA, Oceguera-Figueroa A, Gómez-Gutiérrez J. Molecular Identification of Plerocercoids of Clistobothrium montaukensis (Cestoda: Phyllobothriidea) Parasitizing the King of Herrings Regalecus glesne. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1586-1592. [PMID: 34033067 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endo-parasites of the bathypelagic king of herrings Regalecus glesne and oarfish Regalecus russelii are only known from few specimens opportunistically examined. As a consequence, there are few records of parasites from either Regalecus species. We report plerocercoid larvae of phyllobothriidean cestodes parasitizing an adult R. glesne stranded in Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico. METHODS Sixty-three plerocercoids were obtained from the intestine of R. glesne and characterized using morphological and molecular methods (nuclear 28S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences). RESULTS Following the morphological diagnostic criteria of scolex and muscle bands in the strobila, plerocercoids specimens were preliminary assigned to the genus Clistobothrium. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences indicate these plerocercoids correspond to Clistobothrium montaukensis Ruhnke, 1993. CONCLUSION Regalecus glesne is a new host known for C. montaukensis and this report is a new geographical record of C. montaukensis parasitizing species of the genus Regalecus previously known only from California and Florida, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Lozano-Cobo
- Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico
- Departamento de Hidrobiología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, 09340, Mexico, Mexico
| | - María Del Carmen Gómez Del Prado-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, km 5.5 Carretera al Sur, 23080, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico
| | - Claudia A Silva-Segundo
- Departamento Académico de Ingeniería en Pesquerías, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Km 5.5 Carretera al Sur, 23080, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Helmintología, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jaime Gómez-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Plancton y Ecología Marina, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN s/n, 23096, La Paz, B.C.S, Mexico.
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Long XL, Wang SP, Zhou SF, Li ZX, Zhuang SF, He Z. Interspecies Phylogenetic Analysis of Clonorchis sinensis in High-incidence Areas of Hunan Province, China. Biomed Environ Sci 2021; 34:881-890. [PMID: 34955148 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the infection of Clonorchis sinensis ( C. sinensis) in high-incidence areas of Hunan Province, China. The phylogenetic analysis of the C. sinensis species in the highly infected areas was carried out. METHOD Infection of the definitive human host and intermediate fish host by C. sinensis was investigated, and the mitochondrial genes cox1 and Nad1were used as genetic markers for phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS In 2016-2020, the average population infection rate of Hunan was 1.38%, while in Tongdao County the rate was up to 26.90%, and the highest fish infection rate was detected in Qiyang County (99.44% in the dorsal fin of crucian carp). High genetic sequence similarity was observed in the samples from Qiyang and Lengshuitan which exhibited high homology with those from Guangdong and Gansu, whereas the parasitic species from Tongdao was highly homologous with those located in high-latitude areas. Moreover, no significant difference was found in the gene sequence of the parasitic species in definitive hosts dogs and cats. CONCLUSION The systematically study of C. sinensis infection in the high-incidence areas will contribute greatly to the prevention and effectively controlling the spread of Clonorchis sinensis in Hunan Province The endemic of C. sinensis infection in Hunan Province is the result of co-action of local and foreign parasite species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lei Long
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410028, Hunan, China;Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Shi Ping Wang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410028, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Feng Zhou
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410028, Hunan, China;Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Xiang Li
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Shi Feng Zhuang
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo He
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and prevention, Changsha 410005, Hunan, China
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Zeng H, Van Damme I, Kabi TW, Šoba B, Gabriël S. Sarcocystis species in bovine carcasses from a Belgian abattoir: a cross-sectional study. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:271. [PMID: 34020700 PMCID: PMC8138977 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcocystis species are obligatorily heteroxenous parasites, of which some are zoonotic, representing a public health and economic impact. This study investigated the occurrence of Sarcocystis spp. in cattle sampled from a Belgian slaughterhouse. METHODS A total of 200 carcasses were included in the study, sampled during 10 sampling days. The sedimentation method was applied to isolate the sarcocysts from both heart and diaphragm muscles collected from each carcass. Multiplex PCR, PCR-RFLP as well as cox1 gene sequencing techniques were applied serially on collected sarcocysts for species identification. RESULTS Sarcocystis spp. were detected in 64% (128/200; 95% CI 57-71%) of the sampled carcasses. Female dairy cattle presented the highest Sarcocystis occurrence rate (91%) as well as the highest Sarcocystis species diversity compared to female beef and male beef. Sarcocystis spp. were detected more often in the heart muscles than in the diaphragm among female beef (p < 0.001) and dairy carcasses (p = 0.001), while in male carcasses no significant difference was observed (p = 0.763). The effect of age was not significant in male carcasses (p = 0.872), while the odds of finding sarcocysts significantly increased with age (p = 0.003) within both types of female carcasses. S. cruzi was the most prevalent species and was found in 56.5% (113/200) of the carcasses, followed by S. hominis (21.0%, 42/200), S. bovifelis (12.5%, 25/200), S. bovini (2.0%, 4/200), S. hirsuta (1.5%, 3/200) and S. heydorni (0.5%, 1/200). Six different species were detected in the diaphragm, while only two species were recovered from the heart. S. cruzi was the most prevalent species in heart, while in the diaphragm, this was S. hominis. CONCLUSIONS The detection of S. hominis in 21% of the sampled carcasses presents a potential food safety issue, and further research is warranted into controlling this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zeng
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Inge Van Damme
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Teresia Wanjiru Kabi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Barbara Šoba
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Nolasco O, Montoya J, Rosales Rosas AL, Barrientos S, Rosanas-Urgell A, Gamboa D. Multicopy targets for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum detection by colorimetric LAMP. Malar J 2021; 20:225. [PMID: 34011373 PMCID: PMC8135177 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03753-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for malaria diagnosis at the point of care (POC) depends on the detection capacity of synthesized nucleic acids and the specificity of the amplification target. To improve malaria diagnosis, new colorimetric LAMP tests were developed using multicopy targets for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum detection. METHODS The cytochrome oxidase I (COX1) mitochondrial gene and the non-coding sequence Pvr47 for P. vivax, and the sub-telomeric sequence of erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (EMP1) and the non-coding sequence Pfr364 for P. falciparum were targeted to design new LAMP primers. The limit of detection (LOD) of each colorimetric LAMP was established and assessed with DNA extracted by mini spin column kit and the Boil & Spin method from 28 microscopy infections, 101 malaria submicroscopic infections detected by real-time PCR only, and 183 negatives infections by both microscopy and PCR. RESULTS The LODs for the colorimetric LAMPs were estimated between 2.4 to 3.7 parasites/µL of whole blood. For P. vivax detection, the colorimetric LAMP using the COX1 target showed a better performance than the Pvr47 target, whereas the Pfr364 target was the most specific for P. falciparum detection. All microscopic infections of P. vivax were detected by PvCOX1-LAMP using the mini spin column kit DNA extraction method and 81% (17/21) were detected using Boil & Spin sample preparation. Moreover, all microscopic infections of P. falciparum were detected by Pfr364-LAMP using both sample preparation methods. In total, PvCOX1-LAMP and Pfr364-LAMP detected 80.2% (81 samples) of the submicroscopic infections using the DNA extraction method by mini spin column kit, while 36.6% (37 samples) were detected using the Boil & Spin sample preparation method. CONCLUSION The colorimetric LAMPs with multicopy targets using the COX1 target for P. vivax and the Pfr364 for P. falciparum have a high potential to improve POC malaria diagnosis detecting a greater number of submicroscopic Plasmodium infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Nolasco
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt" Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
- Laboratorios de Investigación Y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
| | - Jhoel Montoya
- Unidad de Posgrado de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana L Rosales Rosas
- Laboratorios de Investigación Y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Scarlett Barrientos
- Laboratorios de Investigación Y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Anna Rosanas-Urgell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt" Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Laboratorios de Investigación Y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias Y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Departamento de Ciencias Celulares Y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias Y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Chen JJ, Feng H, Yu J, Ye W, Zheng X. Pythium huanghuaiense sp. nov. isolated from soybean: morphology, molecular phylogeny and pathogenicity. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e65227. [PMID: 33935560 PMCID: PMC8084853 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e65227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soybean (Glycine max) is a major source of edible oil and protein. A novel species of the genus Pythium, Pythium huanghuaiense, isolated from soybean seedlings in China, is described and illustrated on the basis of morphological characters and molecular evidence. New information Pythium huanghuaiense sp. nov. is closely related to species of the genus Pythium in clade F, as evidenced by the presence of hyphal swellings and its relatively rapid morphological growth. However, it differs by having relatively small sporangia and plerotic or nearly plerotic and thin-walled oospores. A pathogenicity test confirmed the newly-identified species as a pathogen of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry Zhenjiang 212400 China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Jian Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhenjiang 212400, China College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry Zhenjiang 212400 China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China
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21
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Hornok S, Takács N, Sipos G, Morandini P, Sándor AD, Szekeres S, Grima A, Kontschán J. Urban emergence of Dermanyssus gallinae lineage L1 and Ornithonyssus sylviarum in Hungary: phylogenetic differentiation between the roles of migrating vs transported synanthropic birds. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:147. [PMID: 33685497 PMCID: PMC7938540 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among Dermanyssoidea, the chicken red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) and the northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) are considered to be the cause of high economic losses endured by the poultry industry in the Holarctic region, with O. sylviarum predominating in North America and D. gallinae in Europe. Both species have a short life-cycle (thereby allowing a rapid build-up of massive infestations), a wide range of hosts, synanthropic presence and the ability to bite humans. The aim of this study was to analyze dermanyssoid mite specimens, collected in two human dwellings and two racing pigeon premises in different urban areas in Hungary, with molecular–phylogenetic methods. Methods Mite species were identified morphologically. This was followed by DNA extraction and molecular–phylogenetic analyses of selected mites, based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and 28S rRNA (28S) genes. Results Mites that had invaded a home from a pigeon nest and were linked to human dermatitis were morphologically and molecularly identified as D. gallinae special lineage L1. Specimens collected at all other sampling sites were identified as O. sylviarum, including mites that had invaded a home from a house martin (Delichon urbicum) nest, as well as those which were collected from racing pigeons. House martin- or pigeon-associated O. sylviarum specimens showed the highest sequence identity and closest phylogenetic relationship with conspecific mites reported in GenBank from Israel or Canada, respectively. Conclusions Detailed morphological and molecular–phylogenetic analyses of D. gallinae lineage L1 confirmed its status as a cryptic species within D. gallinae (s.l.). Taking into account the well-documented latitudinal migratory routes of house martins between Hungary and Africa, O. sylviarum associated with this bird species most likely arrived on its host from the eastern Mediterranean region. On the other hand, mites collected from pigeons in Hungary showed cox1 genetic homogeneity with North American O. sylviarum, which can only be explained by a long-distance (west-to-east intercontinental) connection of birds and their mites as part of human activity (e.g. transportation to exhibitions or trading). In summary, this is the first molecularly confirmed and phylogenetically analyzed case of O. sylviarum infestation of birds in Hungary, implicating urban environment and involving distant parts of the country. This is also the first report of D. gallinae lineage L1 in central Europe. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Hornok
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Nóra Takács
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Sipos
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Morandini
- Hungarian Ornithological and Nature Conservation Society, 1125, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila D Sándor
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sándor Szekeres
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Jenő Kontschán
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Budapest, Hungary
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Parker A, David AA. Genetic Characterization of the Giant Liver Fluke, Fascioloides magna (Platyhelminthes: Fasciolidae) From the Adirondack Region of Northern New York. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:259-263. [PMID: 32734444 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, is an important parasite of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginanus), a commercially important game species in the northeastern United States. However, the parasite has never been genetically characterized from this region and so its genetic interrelationships with other enzootic populations on the continent are unknown. The purpose of this study was to genetically characterize F. magna from the Adirondack region of northern New York (NNY) and determine its relationship with its enzootic cohorts. METHODS Flukes were extracted from seven livers of O. virginanus at three localities in and around the Adirondack Park in northern New York. DNA was extracted from eight individuals using standard procedures, and a 440-bp fragment of the COI gene was amplified using species-specific primers. F. magna sequences generated from a previous phylogeographic study were obtained from the GenBank database and a mtDNA dataset was compiled, aligned, and edited for molecular analyses. Analyses based on eight mtDNA sequences included haplotype network reconstruction, along with hierarchical and pairwise (ФST) AMOVA tests. RESULTS F. magna from the Adirondacks was found to be most genetically similar to specimens from Minnesota based on shared haplotypes and relatively low genetic differentiation (ФST = 0.331). East coast enzootic populations exhibited panmixia while their west coast cohorts were genetically distinct. CONCLUSION Based on the strong genetic similarities between F. magna from northern New York and Minnesota, we propose that the GLR enzootic range of F. magna be extended to encompass the Adirondack region of NNY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Parker
- Biology Department, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Andrew A David
- Biology Department, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA.
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Shahnazi M, Habibvand M, Johkool MG, Hajialilo E, Sharifdini M, Javadi A, Saraei M. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto isolated from livestock of Qazvin, Iran. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:e270421187365. [PMID: 33121421 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520666201029130248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydatidiosis is a serious parasitic disease in humans and livestock, worldwide. Echinococcus granulosus shows notable genetic variation among intermediate hosts. Several genotypes of the worm have been reported from different parts of Iran, but no information over the parasite genotypes status in the study region is available. The current study investigated the presence of different genotypes of E. granulosus in the livestock of Qazvin, Iran, by sequencing the mitochondrial Cox1 genes. METHODOLOGY One hundred twenty E. granulosus isolates, including 30 from goats, 40 from cattle and 50 from sheep were collected from the slaughterhouses in Qazvin province. Mitochondrial Cox1 gene region was amplified by PCR and 30 isolates were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was done by using the MEGA 7.0 software. Morphological analysis was performed on rostellar hook length of protoscoleces. RESULT All isolates were identified as E. granulosus sensu stricto (G1-G3 complex) among 17% of isolates clarified as G3 genotypes. G1 was the predominant genotype among the specimens. No significant difference between the rostellar hooks measurements of different genotypes was observed. CONCLUSION Our findings confirmed the presence of E. granulosus sensu stricto in the region although further studies are required to determine the haplotype diversity of E. granulosus using different mitochondrial and nuclear genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shahnazi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin. Iran
| | - Maryam Habibvand
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin. Iran
| | | | - Elham Hajialilo
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin. Iran
| | - Meysam Sharifdini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht. Iran
| | - Amir Javadi
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin. Iran
| | - Mehrzad Saraei
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin. Iran
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Díaz-Tapia P, Ly M, Verbruggen H. Extensive cryptic diversity in the widely distributed Polysiphonia scopulorum (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta): Molecular species delimitation and morphometric analyses. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 152:106909. [PMID: 32702527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge of seaweed diversity and biogeography still largely relies on information derived from morphological identifications, but the use of molecular tools is revealing that cryptic diversity is common among algae. Polysiphonia scopulorum is a turf-forming red alga widely reported in tropical and temperate coasts worldwide. The only study based on material collected from its Australian type locality and the Iberian Peninsula indicates that it is a species complex, but the extent of cryptic diversity across its geographical range is not known. To investigate the species diversity in P. scopulorum, the geographical distribution of species-level lineages and their morphological characterization, we collected 135 specimens from Australia, South Africa and southern Europe. Two gene datasets (cox1 and rbcL) were used to delimit species using three methods (GMYC, PTP, ABGD), leading to a consensus result that our collections of the P. scopulorum complex comprise 12 species. Five of these species were resolved in a highly supported clade, while the other seven species were related to other taxonomically accepted species or in unresolved parts of the tree. Morphometric and statistical analysis of a set of ten quantitative characters showed that there are no clear morphological correlates of species boundaries, demonstrating true cryptic diversity in the P. scopulorum complex. Distribution patterns of the 12 species were variable, ranging from species only known from a single site to species with a wide distribution spanning three continents. Our study indicates that a significant level of undiscovered cryptic diversity is likely to be found in algal turfs, a type of seaweed community formed by small entangled species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Díaz-Tapia
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Coastal Biology Research Group, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Aptdo. 130, 15080 A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Monica Ly
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Heroen Verbruggen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Mutsaka-Makuvaza MJ, Zhou XN, Tshuma C, Abe E, Manasa J, Manyangadze T, Allan F, Chin'ombe N, Webster B, Midzi N. Genetic diversity of Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni in Shamva district, Zimbabwe: role on intestinal schistosomiasis transmission. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4975-87. [PMID: 32533403 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The fresh water snail Biomphalaria pfeifferi is the intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni, which causes human intestinal schistosomiasis in Zimbabwe. Despite the medical importance of this intermediate host, there are no current data on its molecular characterization in Zimbabwe. In 2016, human water contact sites were identified in four communities in Madziwa area, Shamva district, Zimbabwe. The survey sites were recorded and mapped using a global positioning system. A 655 bp region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene was amplified in 70 B. pfeifferi snails. The sequence data were analysed to determine the relationships between the individual snails, their inter, intra population diversity and structure. Overall, four unique cox1 haplotypes, with a haplotype diversity of 0.608, were identified in the snails. One haplotype spanned across most of the sites. There was no clear geographical clustering of haplotypes. The mean diversity among the haplotypes was very low (0.009), while the net divergence among the collection sites ranged from 0.000 to 0.026. The diversity within and between the sites was 0.017 and 0.012 respectively. This data advances our knowledge of the understanding of the population structure of B. pfeifferi in Madziwa area, Zimbabwe, with the high occurrence of one haplotype indicating the possibility of a recent bottleneck followed by population expansion. The population genetic structure of B. pfeifferi snails described here has provided an opportunity to investigate the contribution of snail genetics to variation in disease burden; and development of control strategies that exploit genetic differences in susceptibility to parasites.
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Bogdanov AS, Maltsev AN, Kotenkova EV, Malikov VG, Lissovsky AA, Stakheev VV, Darvish J, Castiglia R. [Variability of Fragments of Nuclear Brca1 Gene, Exon 11, and Mitochondrial Cox1 Gene in House Mice Mus musculus]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2020; 54:212-223. [PMID: 32392190 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898420020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To clarify genetic differences between subspecies of the house mouse Mus musculus, their distribution, and hybridization, we first conducted a comparative analysis of variability of nucleotide sequences of fragments of the nuclear gene Brca1, exon 11 (2331 bp), and mitochondrial gene Cox1 (1260 bp) in 40 house mice from West and East Europe, Transcaucasia, Siberia, and Central and South Asia. Brca1 genotypes were divided into five main groups, which differed in a number of fixed substitutions. Genotypes of each group are characteristic for the certain geographical region and the following subspecies: M. m. musculus, M. m. domesticus, M. m. castaneus, and M. m. wagneri together with M. m. gansuensis; a fifth group corresponds to an unidentified subspecies or a distinct genetic form of M. musculus from India (Sikkim State). Besides the homozygous specimens, we revealed mice, which were heterozygous for all diagnostic loci simultaneously; these specimens were determined as hybrid. Hybrid mice were mainly found in the zones of contact of subspecies, but in some cases, quite far from one of the parent subspecies (possibly, due to transportation). In two hybrid mice (from Bakhtiari Province of Iran and Transbaikalia of Russia), unique Brca1 haplotypes were detected. It cannot be ruled out that, at least partly, they may be characteristic of the M. m. bactrianus and M. m. gansuensis subspecies, respectively. Thus, the results of the study showed that the nuclear Brca1 gene is a promising molecular genetic marker for the analysis of variability, differentiation, and hybridization of house mice as well for subspecific identification of M. musculus specimens. Despite more rapid evolution of the Cox1 gene, it is not well suited for discrimination of M. m. musculus, M. m. wagneri, M. m. gansuensis specimens and Transcaucasian representatives of M. m. domesticus due to introgression and long-term maintenance of foreign mitochondrial DNA in populations. However, Cox1 gene analysis (along with the diagnostics of animals by nuclear DNA) may be useful for estimation of population differences in M. m. castaneus and M. m. domesticus subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Bogdanov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia.,
| | - A N Maltsev
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia
| | - E V Kotenkova
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia
| | - V G Malikov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia
| | - A A Lissovsky
- Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, 125009 Russia
| | - V V Stakheev
- Southern Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, 344006 Russia
| | - J Darvish
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974 Iran
| | - R Castiglia
- Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, 00161 Italy
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Mutsaka-Makuvaza MJ, Zhou XN, Tshuma C, Abe E, Manasa J, Manyangadze T, Allan F, Chinómbe N, Webster B, Midzi N. Molecular diversity of Bulinus species in Madziwa area, Shamva district in Zimbabwe: implications for urogenital schistosomiasis transmission. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:14. [PMID: 31924254 PMCID: PMC6954605 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bulinus species are freshwater snails that transmit the parasitic trematode Schistosoma haematobium. Despite their importance, the diversity of these intermediate host snails and their evolutionary history is still unclear in Zimbabwe. Bulinus globosus and B. truncatus collected from a urogenital schistosomiasis endemic region in the Madziwa area of Zimbabwe were characterized using molecular methods. Methods Malacological survey sites were mapped and snails were collected from water contact sites in four communities in the Madziwa area, Shamva district for a period of one year, at three-month intervals. Schistosoma haematobium infections in snails were determined by cercarial shedding and the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) was used to investigate the phylogeny and genetic variability of the Bulinus spp. collected. Results Among the 1570 Bulinus spp. snails collected, 30 (1.9%) B. globosus were shedding morphologically identified schistosomes. None of the B. truncatus snails were shedding. The mitochondrial cox1 data from 166 and 16 samples for B. globosus and B. truncatus, respectively, showed genetically diverse populations within the two species. Twelve cox1 haplotypes were found from the 166 B. globosus samples and three from the 16 B. truncatus samples with phylogenetic analysis showing that the haplotypes fall into well-supported clusters within their species groups. Both B. truncatus and B. globosus clustered into two distinct lineages. Overall, significant negative values for both Tajima’s D statistic and the Fu’s Fs statistic were observed for B. globosus and B. truncatus. Conclusions The study provided new insights into the levels of genetic diversity within B. globosus and additional information on B. truncatus collected from a small geographical area in Zimbabwe. Low prevalence levels of infection observed in the snails may reflect the low transmission level of urogenital schistosomiasis in the area. Our results contribute towards the understanding of the distribution and population genetic structure of Bulinus spp. supporting the mapping of the transmission or risk of transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis, particularly in Zimbabwe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masceline Jenipher Mutsaka-Makuvaza
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.,National Institute of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Child Care, P.O. Box CY573, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Cremance Tshuma
- Mashonaland Central Provincial Health Office, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Bindura, Mashonaland Central, Zimbabwe
| | - Eniola Abe
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Justen Manasa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tawanda Manyangadze
- Geography Department, Faculty of Science, Bindura University of Science Education, Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.,School of Nursing and Public Health, Department of Public Health Medicine University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fiona Allan
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History 14 Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Nyasha Chinómbe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Bonnie Webster
- Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Natural History 14 Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Nicholas Midzi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box A178, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe. .,National Institute of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Child Care, P.O. Box CY573, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe.
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Bojan G, Vanja BS, Aleksandra P, Milica K, Neda B, Duško Ć. First report of eyeworm infection by Thelazia callipaeda in gray wolf (Canis lupus) from Serbia. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3549-53. [PMID: 31722066 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thelazia callipaeda, originally known as an "Oriental eyeworm," is a small nematode parasitizing the conjunctival sacs of domestic and wild animals and humans. Previous studies conducted in Serbia have reported the eyeworm infections in dogs, cats, and foxes, as well as in a human patient. As the data regarding thelaziosis from wildlife is still scarce, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of T. callipaeda in gray wolf (Canis lupus) from Serbia. All collected nematodes were morphologically identified as T. callipaeda males (n = 64) or females (n = 225). Molecular characterization, conducted by PCR amplification followed by sequence analysis of partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1), revealed only haplotype 1 of T. callipaeda. The overall prevalence of thelaziosis was 38.1% (8/21). In all positive animals, both eyes were affected, with a total parasitic load ranging from four to 132 worms per animal. Our results indicate the important epidemiological role of wolves as wildlife reservoirs of T. callipaeda, expanding geographic range of infection, as well as intra- and interspecies contact rates, although the role of other wild carnivore species (i.e., foxes and jackals) should be investigated in future studies.
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Zeb J, Szekeres S, Takács N, Kontschán J, Shams S, Ayaz S, Hornok S. Genetic diversity, piroplasms and trypanosomes in Rhipicephalus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum collected from cattle in northern Pakistan. Exp Appl Acarol 2019; 79:233-243. [PMID: 31578647 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The two most important tick species in Pakistan are Rhipicephalus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum. When associated with cattle, these have one or three host life cycles, respectively, with potential implications for their population genetics and for their vector role in the transmission of pathogens. To compare the two tick species in this context with molecular-phylogenetic methods, during the present study 123 ticks were collected from cattle in northern Pakistan. Two mitochondrial markers of 36 ticks were molecularly analyzed. All 11 R. microplus specimens had identical cox1 haplotypes, whereas the 25 H. anatolicum specimens had nine cox1 haplotypes. The latter belonged to two distinct phylogenetic lineages with high support. However, in the 16S rRNA gene these differences were less evident. Among the 113 ticks molecularly analyzed for tick-borne protozoa, the sequence of Babesia occultans was successfully amplified from two specimens of H. anatolicum. Theileria annulata was present in both R. microplus (10.4%) and H. anatolicum (27.3%), with significantly higher prevalence rate in the latter species. Only one tick, a H. anatolicum female, was positive in the PCR detecting Trypanosoma spp. Sequencing revealed the presence of a new genotype, with the closest phylogenetic relationship to stercorarian trypanosomes (in particular, to a tick-associated Trypanosoma sp. from Japan). In conclusion, the above differences between R. microplus and H. anatolicum may be partly related to their life cycles involving one host or three hosts, respectively. Among the others, host switching (reducing chances of inbreeding) and shorter periods spent on-host (reducing gene flow between cattle herds) are supposed to be important drivers of cox1 gene diversification in case of H. anatolicum as a three host tick species. These results highlight the importance of studying differences in intraspecific genetic diversity and piroplasm burdens between one host and three host ticks in the local scale. In addition, a Trypanosoma sp. molecularly identified in H. anatolicum is reported here for the first time from South Asia, deserving further evaluation concerning its host and vector species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Zeb
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sándor Szekeres
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Takács
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jenő Kontschán
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sumaira Shams
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Ayaz
- College of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sándor Hornok
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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Vitales D, Aragay J, Garnatje T, Gómez Garreta A, Rull Lluch J. Phylogeography of Dictyota fasciola and Dictyota mediterranea (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae): unexpected patterns on the Atlantic-Mediterranean marine transition and taxonomic implications. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6916. [PMID: 31143543 PMCID: PMC6526009 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Atlantic-Mediterranean marine transition is a fascinating biogeographic region, but still very poorly studied from the point of view of seaweed phylogeography. Dictyota fasciola and D. mediterranea (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) are two currently recognized sister species that share a large part of their distribution along the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, representing a unique study model to understand the diversification processes experienced by macroalgae during and after Messinian at this marine region. In this study, we sampled 102 individuals of D. fasciola and D. mediterranea from 32 localities along their distribution range and sequenced the mitochondrial cox1 and the chloroplast rbcL-rbcS DNA regions for all the samples. Our data do not support the occurrence of two sister species but a morphologically variable and highly genetic diverse species or a complex of species. Most of the observed genetic diversity corresponds to the Mediterranean populations, whereas the Atlantic ones are much more homogeneous. The early-diverged lineages inferred from both mtDNA and cpDNA phylogenetic reconstructions were constituted by samples from the Mediterranean Sea. Together, these results suggest that the Mediterranean Sea acted as a refugium for the D. fasciola–D. mediterranea lineage during the geologic and climatic changes occurred on the region since the Miocene, subsequently dispersing to the Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vitales
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joana Aragay
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació & Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Teresa Garnatje
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Amelia Gómez Garreta
- Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació & Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Rull Lluch
- Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació & Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Gazzonis AL, Gjerde B, Villa L, Minazzi S, Zanzani SA, Riccaboni P, Sironi G, Manfredi MT. Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Sarcocystis miescheriana and Sarcocystis suihominis in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Italy. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1271-1287. [PMID: 30788573 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A sample of the diaphragm was collected from each of 100 wild boars legally hunted in the Val Grande National Park in north-western Italy and examined for the presence of Sarcocystis infection by histological and molecular methods. In histological sections, thick-walled sarcocysts consistent with those of Sarcocystis miescheriana were detected in 32 wild boars. Genomic DNA extracted from diaphragm samples was initially subjected to PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region, and 97 wild boars were found to harbour a Sarcocystis infection at this screening. Selected DNA samples were then subjected to PCR amplification and sequencing of the ITS1 region and the 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of the nuclear ribosomal DNA unit, while all positive samples were subjected to PCR amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene. S. miescheriana was identified in 97 wild boars (97%), while the zoonotic Sarcocystis suihominis was identified in one wild boar (1%), which also harboured S. miescheriana. Intra-specific sequence variation was found in all four DNA regions of S. miescheriana examined and in the 18S rRNA gene and ITS1 region of S. suihominis. The partial cox1 gene was amplified and sequenced from 72 isolates of S. miescheriana, yielding 43 haplotypes with pairwise sequence identities of 97.6-99.9%. These haplotypes were 79.1-79.8% identical with the cox1 sequence of S. suihominis. Phylogeny based on cox1 sequences placed S. miescheriana and S. suihominis as sister species within a clade comprising mainly Sarcocystis spp. of ruminants with felids as known or presumed definitive hosts. The same was true for the phylogeny based on 18S rRNA gene sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Libera Gazzonis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Bjørn Gjerde
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P. O. Box 369, Sentrum, 0102, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Luca Villa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Minazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Aurelio Zanzani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Riccaboni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sironi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Benelli G, Otranto D, Caselli A, Romano D, Remorini D, Di Giuseppe G, Stefanini C, Mele M, Canale A. High innate attractiveness to black targets in the blue blowfly, Calliphora vomitoria (L.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Acta Trop 2018; 182:144-8. [PMID: 29481808 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Calliphora vomitoria is a myiasis-causing fly in many animal species including humans. The control of blowflies is still anchored on the use of chemicals. However, mass trapping and lure-and-kill techniques represent a promising alternative to pesticides. Visual and olfactory cues are the main stimuli routing the fly's landing behavior. Notably, color attractiveness has been barely explored in flies of medical and veterinary importance, with special reference to blowflies. In this study, we investigated the innate color preferences in C. vomitoria adults, testing binary combinations of painted targets under laboratory conditions. The identity of tested species C. vomitoria was confirmed by DNA sequencing (18S and cox1 genes). C. vomitoria flies showed a significant preference for black colored targets in all tested binary color combinations, after 5, 15, 30 and 60 min of exposure. Black targets were significantly preferred over blue, red, yellow and white ones. Spectral characteristics of all tested color combinations were quantified and the innate attraction of blowflies towards black targets was discussed in relation to their behavioral ecology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on innate color preferences in the Calliphora genus. Our findings can be useful to develop new, cheap and reliable monitoring traps as well as "lure and kill" tools to control blowfly pests.
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Roy BC, Estrada-Peña A, Krücken J, Rehman A, Nijhof AM. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from Bangladesh, Pakistan and Myanmar. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:1069-1079. [PMID: 29661691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ticks of the Boophilus subgenus, classified in the genus Rhipicephalus, are widespread in subtropical and tropical regions, but knowledge on their distribution in Asia is fragmentary. The most important representatives belong to the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus complex, which is composed of species that share many morphological similarities and are therefore difficult to distinguish. In this study, adult Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) ticks from Bangladesh, Myanmar and Pakistan were subjected to phylogenetic and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. Phylogenetic analyses of cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1), internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and 12S rRNA gene sequences confirmed that the R. microplus complex consists of at least five taxa: R. annulatus, R. australis, and R. microplus clades A-C. Ticks from Bangladesh, Myanmar and Pakistan were assigned to R. microplus clade C. SEM images revealed a wide range of variation in the morphology of the clade C adults, including morphological features previously identified as critical for distinguishing R. microplus from R. australis, which is illustrative for the complications in identifying species within the R. microplus complex using morphology only. Further morphological, genomic and crossbreeding studies are required to elucidate the species status of R. microplus clades A-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babul Chandra Roy
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany; Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Jürgen Krücken
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, The University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ard Menzo Nijhof
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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Gjerde B, Vikøren T, Hamnes IS. Molecular identification of Sarcocystis halieti n. sp., Sarcocystis lari and Sarcocystis truncata in the intestine of a white-tailed sea eagle ( Haliaeetus albicilla) in Norway. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2018; 7:1-11. [PMID: 29270360 PMCID: PMC5730365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An emaciated white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) from Western Norway was found and nursed briefly before it died. The necropsy revealed that the principal cause of death was an inflammation and occlusion of the bile ducts. A secondary finding was the presence in the intestinal mucosa of numerous sporulated Sarcocystis oocysts measuring 21.8-22.8 × 16.0-17.0 μm. The aim of this study was to identify these oocysts to species level using molecular methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from 10 mucosal scrapings containing oocysts and subjected to PCR amplification and sequencing of four DNA regions: the 18S and 28S rRNA genes, the ITS1 region and the cox1 gene. DNA of three previously known Sarcocystis spp. was identified, but only two of these, Sarcocystis halieti n. sp. and Sarcocystis lari, both employing sea birds as intermediate hosts, were considered to have used the sea eagle as a definitive host and to have formed oocysts in its intestine. The third species found, Sarcocystis truncata, employs red deer as intermediate hosts and seems to use felids as definitive hosts based on its phylogenetic position and prevalence. The sea eagle had probably recently ingested portions of one of the latter hosts (red deer or cat/lynx) containing stages (sarcocysts/oocysts) and thus DNA of S. truncata. The species S. halieti and S. lari could only be unambiguously separated from their most closely related congeners on the basis of their ITS1 sequences. This is the first report of Sarcocystis oocysts in sea eagles and the first identification to species level of Sarcocystis oocysts in any type of eagle. The sea eagle also acted as intermediate host of an unidentified Sarcocystis spp. as evidenced by the finding of six thin-walled sarcocysts in a histological section of cardiac muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Gjerde
- Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., NO-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Turid Vikøren
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, NO-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Sofie Hamnes
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, NO-0106 Oslo, Norway
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KHEIRANDISH F, BADPARVA E, MAHMMOUDVAND H, BEIRANVAND E, BABAEI S, NASIRI B. Genetic Characterization of Hydatid Cysts Isolated from Domestic Animals in Lorestan Province, Western Iran. Iran J Parasitol 2018; 13:120-126. [PMID: 29963094 PMCID: PMC6019594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regarding hydatid cyst (cystic echinococcosis, CE) as a human public health problem in the West of Iran, molecular data related to the genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus in cattle and sheep in these regions are still insufficient. Here, we evaluated the genotypes of E. granulosus infecting sheep and cattle in western Iran. METHODS Totally, 36 hydatid cysts including 18 hydatid cysts of sheep and 18 hydatid cysts of cattle were collected from Khorramabad slaughterhouse (Lorestan Province), Western Iran between May to September 2014. Protoscoleces or germinal layers were collected from individual cysts, DNA was extracted, and genotyping was performed by sequencing and analyzing mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene. RESULTS In sequencing analysis, all of sheep isolates belonged to genotype G1 (sheep strain). Among cattle hydatid cyst isolates, 16/18 (88.9%) were belonged to genotype G1 and 2/18 (11.1%) were belonged to G3 genotype. The phylogenetic analysis showed two clusters; one of the clusters includes cattle G3 genotype and the other cluster represents sheep and cattle G1 genotype that were isolated. CONCLUSION The common sheep strain/G1 is predominant genotype in the western part of Iran, followed by G3 genotype, circulating among the animal hosts in this region. Further studies covering a larger number of isolates might be necessary to see if there are other genotypes in the hydatid cyst population in this region of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz KHEIRANDISH
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ebrahim BADPARVA
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hossein MAHMMOUDVAND
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Elahe BEIRANVAND
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Simin BABAEI
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Bahram NASIRI
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Petersen HH, Al-Sabi MNS, Larsen G, Jensen TK, Chriél M. First report of Taenia ovis infection in Danish sheep (Ovis aries). Vet Parasitol 2017; 251:3-6. [PMID: 29426473 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report Taenia ovis infection in Danish sheep for the first time. In spring 2016, the metacestode stage of T. ovis was at slaughter observed in heart muscles, diaphragm and skeletal muscles from approx. a third of all sheep from one specific farm localised in South Jutland. The diagnosis was confirmed by molecular typing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene. Three newly imported dogs were suspected but the definitive host was unidentifiable. The finding is not regulated in the meat control procedures. However, infected meat is usually condemned due to aesthetic reasons causing economic losses. Thus, finding of T. ovis is of concern to sheep meat producers in the area, as the infection could have spread further on to other farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi H Petersen
- Section for Diagnostics and Scientific Advice, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Mohammad N S Al-Sabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty pf Pharmacology, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Queen Alia Airport St. 594, Amman, P.O. Box: 11733, Jordan
| | - Gitte Larsen
- Section for Diagnostics and Scientific Advice, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tim K Jensen
- Section for Diagnostics and Scientific Advice, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mariann Chriél
- Section for Diagnostics and Scientific Advice, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
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Wang J, Zhang L, Zhang QL, Zhou MQ, Wang XT, Yang XZ, Yuan ML. Comparative mitogenomic analysis of mirid bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) and evaluation of potential DNA barcoding markers. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3661. [PMID: 28791201 PMCID: PMC5545108 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Miridae is one of the most species-rich families of insects. To better understand the diversity and evolution of mirids, we determined the mitogenome of Lygus pratenszs and re-sequenced the mitogenomes of four mirids (i.e., Apolygus lucorum, Adelphocoris suturalis, Ade. fasciaticollis and Ade. lineolatus). We performed a comparative analysis for 15 mitogenomic sequences representing 11 species of five genera within Miridae and evaluated the potential of these mitochondrial genes as molecular markers. Our results showed that the general mitogenomic features (gene content, gene arrangement, base composition and codon usage) were well conserved among these mirids. Four protein-coding genes (PCGs) (cox1, cox3, nad1 and nad3) had no length variability, where nad5 showed the largest size variation; no intraspecific length variation was found in PCGs. Two PCGs (nad4 and nad5) showed relatively high substitution rates at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, where cox1 had the lowest substitution rate. The Ka/Ks values for all PCGs were far lower than 1 (<0.59), but the Ka/Ks values of cox1-barcode sequences were always larger than 1 (1.34 -15.20), indicating that the 658 bp sequences of cox1 may be not the appropriate marker due to positive selection or selection relaxation. Phylogenetic analyses based on two concatenated mitogenomic datasets consistently supported the relationship of Nesidiocoris + (Trigonotylus + (Adelphocoris + (Apolygus + Lygus))), as revealed by nad4, nad5, rrnL and the combined 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), respectively. Taken sequence length, substitution rate and phylogenetic signal together, the individual genes (nad4, nad5 and rrnL) and the combined 22 tRNAs could been used as potential molecular markers for Miridae at various taxonomic levels. Our results suggest that it is essential to evaluate and select suitable markers for different taxa groups when performing phylogenetic, population genetic and species identification studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min-Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xing-Zhuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ming-Long Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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García-Villegas R, Camacho-Villasana Y, Shingú-Vázquez MÁ, Cabrera-Orefice A, Uribe-Carvajal S, Fox TD, Pérez-Martínez X. The Cox1 C-terminal domain is a central regulator of cytochrome c oxidase biogenesis in yeast mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10912-10925. [PMID: 28490636 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) is the last electron acceptor in the respiratory chain. The CcO core is formed by mitochondrial DNA-encoded Cox1, Cox2, and Cox3 subunits. Cox1 synthesis is highly regulated; for example, if CcO assembly is blocked, Cox1 synthesis decreases. Mss51 activates translation of COX1 mRNA and interacts with Cox1 protein in high-molecular-weight complexes (COA complexes) to form the Cox1 intermediary assembly module. Thus, Mss51 coordinates both Cox1 synthesis and assembly. We previously reported that the last 15 residues of the Cox1 C terminus regulate Cox1 synthesis by modulating an interaction of Mss51 with Cox14, another component of the COA complexes. Here, using site-directed mutagenesis of the mitochondrial COX1 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we demonstrate that mutations P521A/P522A and V524E disrupt the regulatory role of the Cox1 C terminus. These mutations, as well as C terminus deletion (Cox1ΔC15), reduced binding of Mss51 and Cox14 to COA complexes. Mss51 was enriched in a translationally active form that maintains full Cox1 synthesis even if CcO assembly is blocked in these mutants. Moreover, Cox1ΔC15, but not Cox1-P521A/P522A and Cox1-V524E, promoted formation of aberrant supercomplexes in CcO assembly mutants lacking Cox2 or Cox4 subunits. The aberrant supercomplex formation depended on the presence of cytochrome b and Cox3, supporting the idea that supercomplex assembly factors associate with Cox3 and demonstrating that supercomplexes can be formed even if CcO is inactive and not fully assembled. Our results indicate that the Cox1 C-terminal end is a key regulator of CcO biogenesis and that it is important for supercomplex formation/stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo García-Villegas
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Camacho-Villasana
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Shingú-Vázquez
- the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- the Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and
| | - Salvador Uribe-Carvajal
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Thomas D Fox
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Xochitl Pérez-Martínez
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico,
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Hasegawa H, Kalousova B, McLennan MR, Modry D, Profousova-Psenkova I, Shutt-Phillips KA, Todd A, Huffman MA, Petrzelkova KJ. Strongyloides infections of humans and great apes in Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic and in degraded forest fragments in Bulindi, Uganda. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:367-70. [PMID: 27180094 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA sequence analysis was carried out on Strongyloides spp. larvae obtained from fecal samples of local humans, a wild western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and a central chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) inhabiting Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas (DSPA), Central African Republic, and eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) living in degraded forest fragments on farmland in Bulindi, Uganda. From humans, both Strongyloides fuelleborni and Strongyloides stercoralis were recorded, though the former was predominant. Only S. fuelleborni was present in the great apes in both areas. Phylogenetic analysis of partial mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (Cox1) and comparison of 18S rDNA hyper variable region IV (HVR-IV) sequences implied that in DSPA S. fuelleborni populations in humans differ from those in the nonhuman great apes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hasegawa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan.
| | - Barbora Kalousova
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Matthew R McLennan
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Anthropology Centre for Conservation, Environment and Development, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane Campus, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom.
| | - David Modry
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Central European Institute for Technology (CEITEC), University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ilona Profousova-Psenkova
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kathryn A Shutt-Phillips
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Stockton Rd., DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom; Fauna & Flora International, 4th Floor, Jupiter House, Station Road, Cambridge CB1 2JD, United Kingdom.
| | - Angelique Todd
- WWF, Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, BP 1053 Bangui, Central African Republic.
| | - Michael A Huffman
- Section of Social Systems Evolution, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Klara J Petrzelkova
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Kvetna 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic; Liberec Zoo, Lidove sady 425/1, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic.
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Mayorga JP, Camacho-Villasana Y, Shingú-Vázquez M, García-Villegas R, Zamudio-Ochoa A, García-Guerrero AE, Hernández G, Pérez-Martínez X. A Novel Function of Pet54 in Regulation of Cox1 Synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9343-55. [PMID: 26929411 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase assembly requires the synthesis of the mitochondria-encoded core subunits, Cox1, Cox2, and Cox3. In yeast, Pet54 protein is required to activate translation of the COX3 mRNA and to process the aI5β intron on the COX1 transcript. Here we report a third, novel function of Pet54 on Cox1 synthesis. We observed that Pet54 is necessary to achieve an efficient Cox1 synthesis. Translation of the COX1 mRNA is coupled to the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase by a mechanism that involves Mss51. This protein activates translation of the COX1 mRNA by acting on the COX1 5'-UTR, and, in addition, it interacts with the newly synthesized Cox1 protein in high molecular weight complexes that include the factors Coa3 and Cox14. Deletion of Pet54 decreased Cox1 synthesis, and, in contrast to what is commonly observed for other assembly mutants, double deletion of cox14 or coa3 did not recover Cox1 synthesis. Our results show that Pet54 is a positive regulator of Cox1 synthesis that renders Mss51 competent as a translational activator of the COX1 mRNA and that this role is independent of the assembly feedback regulatory loop of Cox1 synthesis. Pet54 may play a role in Mss51 hemylation/conformational change necessary for translational activity. Moreover, Pet54 physically interacts with the COX1 mRNA, and this binding was independent of the presence of Mss51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Mayorga
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Camacho-Villasana
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Miguel Shingú-Vázquez
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and
| | - Rodolfo García-Villegas
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Angélica Zamudio-Ochoa
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Aldo E García-Guerrero
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Greco Hernández
- the Division of Basic Research, National Institute of Cancer (INCan), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Xochitl Pérez-Martínez
- From the Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico,
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González-Ortegón E, Palero F, Lejeusne C, Drake P, Cuesta JA. A salt bath will keep you going? Euryhalinity tests and genetic structure of caridean shrimps from Iberian rivers. Sci Total Environ 2016; 540:11-19. [PMID: 26118862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the role of euryhalinity and life-history traits on the population genetic structure of the four main caridean shrimp species from the Iberian Peninsula (Atyaephyra desmarestii, Dugastella valentina, Palaemon varians and Palaemon zariquieyi) able to complete their life cycle in freshwater/oligohaline habitats. Seawater exposure experiments indicated that A. desmarestii, D. valentina and P. zariquieyi are more sensitive to high salinity waters than P. varians and confirm the relationship between osmolality regulation and spatial distribution of species. The limited or no survival in seawater could explain the restricted distributions observed in D. valentina and P. zariquieyi, whereas the current A. desmarestii distribution could be due to either past river dynamics and/or human-mediated water transfers. Conversely, the high tolerance of P. varians to a large salinity range (euryhalinity) could explain its capacity to colonize geographically distant estuaries. In agreement with osmoregulation results, the phylogeography patterns of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (Cox 1) gene fragment revealed significant genetic differentiation among river systems whatever the species considered. Atyidae species presented higher nucleotide diversity levels than Palaemonidae species, while isolation-by-distance patterns were only found for the latter. Our results have important implications for the management and conservation of freshwater species, since the inter-catchment connectivity may affect the speciation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferran Palero
- INRA, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Christophe Lejeusne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Laboratory "Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment", Team "Diversity and Connectivity in Coastal Marine Landscapes", UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29680 Roscoff, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory "Adaptation and Diversity in the Marine Environment", Team "Diversity and Connectivity in Coastal Marine Landscapes", UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29680 Roscoff, France
| | - Pilar Drake
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Avda. República Saharaui, 2, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jose A Cuesta
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC), Avda. República Saharaui, 2, 11519 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Mahami Oskouei M, Ghabouli Mehrabani N, Miahipour A, Fallah E. Molecular characterization and sequence analysis of Echinococcus granulosus from sheep isolates in East Azerbaijan province, northwest of Iran. J Parasit Dis 2016; 40:785-90. [PMID: 27605785 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus as an etiologic agent of hydatid cyst is one of the most important zoonotic helminthes in the world that causing enormous economic and health losses. The aim of this study was to evaluate genotype of E. granulosus isolated from sheep using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene and sequencing method in East Azerbaijan province, northwest of Iran. Nineteen sheep hydatid cyst samples were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from protoscoleces using commercial DNA extraction kit. Mitochondrial cox1 region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and all isolates were sequenced. Afterward, sequences were analyzed for determination of genotypes by related software. G1 (94.73 %) and G3 (5.27 %) genotypes were identified from the isolates which out of 19 hydatid cysts, 17 samples were G1B, 1 sample G1D and the other one had G3 genotype. Results of this study indicate that common sheep strain (G1); especially G1B is the dominant subtype of E. granulosus in East Azerbaijan province.
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Ahrens D, Fabrizi S, Šipek P, Lago PK. Integrative analysis of DNA phylogeography and morphology of the European rose chafer (Cetonia aurata) to infer species taxonomy and patterns of postglacial colonisation in Europe. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 69:83-94. [PMID: 23727596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Integrative taxonomy has been proposed as a framework to unify new conceptual and methodological developments in quantitative assessment of trait variation used in species delimitation, but empirical studies in this young branch of systematics are rare. Here we use standard phylogenetic and parsimony network analyses on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (Cox1, ITS1) of 230 individuals from 65 European sampling sites in order to deduce population structure of Cetonia beetles from geno- and haplotypes. Statistical measures of population differentiation are inferred on genealogical and geographical scales to test hypotheses about species limits and population history. By combining results of phylogenetic structure with features of morphology, including genital shape morphometrics and discrete external body characters, as well as with measures of population genetics, we attempt to integrate the results as a test of the validity of species limits, in particular of currently recognised subspecies. Despite high Cox1 divergence between some haplotype lineages, even some sympatric lineages (9%, e.g. N2 vs. N4), nDNA and morphology, as well as pattern of geographical and genealogical divergence measured by AMOVA analysis did not support the hypothesis of separate species. Highest divergence in nuclear markers was found among Italian populations of C. aurata pisana and C. a. sicula, and moderately high fixation indices along measurable morphological divergence suggest the correctness of their status as 'subspecies'. Divergence time estimates of the lineages suggest a glacial divergence in different refugia between the major haplogroups, while population differentiation in mtDNA among these was primarily attributable to restricted gene flow caused by geographic isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Ahrens
- Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
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