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Tookhy NA, Isa NMM, Rahaman YA, Ahmad NI, Sharma RSK, Idris LH, Mansor R, Bui DT, Hamzah NH, Shakhes SA. Epidemiology of rumen fluke infection in selected buffalo farms in perak, malaysia: prevalence, molecular species identification, and associated risk factors. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:199. [PMID: 38687367 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Rumen flukes cause heavy economic losses in the ruminant industry worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical countries. This study estimated the prevalence of rumen flukes in buffaloes, identified the species diversity, and determined risk factors associated with rumen fluke prevalence in Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and 321 faecal samples were collected from six buffalo farms. A structured questionnaire was developed, and farmers were interviewed to obtain information regarding risk factors associated with rumen fluke infection. The faecal samples were examined using sedimentation and Flukefinder® techniques. Genomic DNA was extracted from the fluke eggs recovered using the Flukefinder® method, and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) fragment was amplified and sequenced to facilitate species identification. The results showed that the overall prevalence of rumen fluke across the sampled farms was 40.2% (129/321). Three rumen fluke species were identified, namely, Fischoederius elongatus, F. cobboldi, and Orthocoelium streptocoelium. Several management factors had a significant association (P < 0.05) with rumen fluke prevalence, including production type, cleaning of the stable, drinking water system, flooding around the farm, grazing system, pasture sharing with other livestock, and deworming program. This work constitutes the first attempt to understand the epidemiology of rumen fluke infection in the region and suggests that good farm management, pasture management, choosing appropriate drugs, and proper husbandry practices may improve buffalo health and production in areas where rumen flukes are prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmad Tookhy
- Department of Paraclinic, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur-Mahiza Md Isa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Animal Production and Sustainable Biodiversity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Yasmin Abd Rahaman
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Indah Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Reuben Sunil Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lokman Hakim Idris
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozaihan Mansor
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animals Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dung Thi Bui
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Noor Hazfalinda Hamzah
- Forensic Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Shoaib Ahmad Shakhes
- Department of Paraclinic, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan
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Tookhy NA, Isa NMM, Mansor R, Rahaman YA, Ahmad NI, Bui DT, Idris LH, Hamzah NH, Zulkifli N. Morphological and molecular identification of lymnaeid snail and trematodes cercariae in different water bodies in Perak, Malaysia. Parasitol Res 2023:10.1007/s00436-023-07845-z. [PMID: 37145225 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymnaeid snails play a crucial role in the transmission of trematode cercariae as an intermediate host that can infect humans, ruminants like buffalo, and other animals, resulting in serious economic losses. The purpose of the study was to identify the morphological and molecular characteristics of snails and cercariae collected from water bodies near buffalo farms that were integrated with palm oil in Perak, Malaysia. The presence or absence of snails in 35 water bodies was examined via cross-sectional study. From three marsh wetlands, 836 lymnaeid snails were gathered in total. Each snail's shell was morphologically identified to determine its family and species. The cercarial stage inside each snail's body was observed using the crushing method and trematode cercariae types were determined. In addition, the target gene Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region were used to identify the snail species and cercarial types according to the species level. The findings indicated that the collected snails belong to the family lymnaeidae and Radix rubiginosa species. In snails, the cercarial emergence infection rate was 8.7%. Echinostome, xiphidiocercariae, gymnocephalous, brevifurcate-apharyngeate distome cercariae (BADC), and longifurcate-pharyngeal monostome cercariae (LPMC) are the five morphological cercarial types that were observed. The cercariae were identified using morphological and molecular techniques, and they are members of the four families which are Echinostomatidae, Plagiorchiidae, Fasciolidae, and Schistosomatidae. Interestingly, this is the first study on R. rubiginosa and several trematode cercariae in Perak water bodies near buffalo farms that are integrated with palm oil. In conclusion, our research shown that a variety of parasitic trematodes in Perak use R. rubiginosa as an intermediate host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmad Tookhy
- Department of Paraclinic, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Mahiza Md Isa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rozaihan Mansor
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animals Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yasmin Abd Rahaman
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Indah Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Dung Thi Bui
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Lokman Hakim Idris
- Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hazfalinda Hamzah
- Forensic Science Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Norhadila Zulkifli
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Saulol Hamid NF, Abd Rahaman Y, Farzee FA, Abdul Rahman NA, Arshad SS, Mohamed Sohaimi N. Review of Coronavirus in Rats: A Potential Zoonotic Threat. SAINS MALAYS 2023; 52:1291-1302. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2023-5204-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the Coronaviridae family as a threat to public health in the emergence of a deadly zoonotic disease. Rats are the possible primary host of the infection as they are highly populated in urban areas, creating a significant epidemic risk. The tendency of coronaviruses (CoVs) to overcome species barriers and adapt to hosts typically found close to humans emphasised the need for further study on coronavirus infection. Sialodacryoadenitis virus (SDAV) and Parker’s rat coronavirus (PRC) are the most commonly isolated pathogens for coronavirus infections in the laboratory and wild rats. They are contagious and could be transmitted to susceptible rats by direct contact, fomites, or aerosol. Coronavirus genera include Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus, which are restricted to bats and other mammalian hosts, while the Gammacoronavirus and Deltacoronavirus are restricted to birds. All known rat coronaviruses are members of the beta genus. Betacoronavirus are divided into five subgenera, i.e., Embecovirus, Hibecovirus, Merbecovirus, Nobecovirus, and Sarbecovirus. All rat coronaviruses are categorised as the Embecovirus subgenus. Most studies have proven that rat coronaviruses are responsible for hepatitis, enteritis, reproductive problems, and respiratory and salivary gland infections, including episcleritis, and dacryoadenitis. The scant literature data, mostly comprising publications from the last century, does not adequately explain the etiopathology of SDAV and PRC infections. This review provides an overview of the knowledge on the characteristics, transmission, clinical signs, pathology, and diagnosis of rat coronaviruses, besides better understanding their zoonotic potentials.
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Raslan AF, Saulol Hamid NF, Md Isa NM, Abd Rahaman Y, Fazil MA, Hamka NK. Incidental Findings of Heterakis spumosa and Chirodiscoides caviae with Pinworms in Sprague Dawley Rats. SAINS MALAYS 2020. [DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2020-4905-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rasoli M, Yeap SK, Tan SW, Roohani K, Kristeen-Teo YW, Alitheen NB, Rahaman YA, Aini I, Bejo MH, Kaiser P, Omar AR. Differential modulation of immune response and cytokine profiles in the bursae and spleen of chickens infected with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:75. [PMID: 25884204 PMCID: PMC4395976 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) induces immunosuppression and inflammation in young birds, which subsequently leads to high mortality. In addition, infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the leading causes of vaccine failure on farms. Therefore, understanding the immunopathogenesis of IBDV in both the spleen and the bursae could help effective vaccine development. However, previous studies only profiled the differential expression of a limited number of cytokines, in either the spleen or the bursae of Fabricius of IBDV-infected chickens. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo immunoregulatory effects of vvIBDV infection on macrophage-like cells, spleen and bursae of Fabricius. Results The viral load was increased during the progression of the in vitro infection in the HD11 macrophage cell line and in vivo, but no significant difference was observed between the spleen and the bursae tissue. vvIBDV infection induced the expression of pro-inflammatory and Th1 cytokines, and chemokines from HD11 cells in a time- and dosage-dependent manner. Furthermore, alterations in the lymphocyte populations, cytokine and chemokine expression, were observed in the vvIBDV-infected spleens and bursae. A drastic rise was detected in numbers of macrophages and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the spleen, as early as 2 days post-infection (dpi). On 4 dpi, macrophage and T lymphocyte infiltration, associated with the peak expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bursae tissues of infected chickens were observed. The majority of the significantly regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in vvIBDV-infected spleens and bursae, were also detected in vvIBDV-infected HD11 cells. This cellular infiltration subsequently resulted in a sharp rise in nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation levels. Conclusion This study suggests that macrophage may play an important role in regulating the early expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, first in the spleen and then in the bursae, the latter tissue undergoing macrophage infiltration at 4 dpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rasoli
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kiarash Roohani
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ye Wen Kristeen-Teo
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yasmin Abd Rahaman
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ideris Aini
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Hair Bejo
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Pete Kaiser
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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