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Yu M, Li W, He X, He G, Yao Y, Wang Y, Shao M, Xiong T, Xu H, Zhao J. Metabarcoding of protozoa and helminth in black-necked cranes: a high prevalence of parasites and free-living amoebae. Parasite 2024; 31:28. [PMID: 38819296 PMCID: PMC11141520 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasites and free-living amoebae (FLA) are common pathogens that pose threats to wildlife and humans. The black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis) is a near-threatened species and there is a shortage of research on its parasite diversity. Our study aimed to use noninvasive methods to detect intestinal parasites and pathogenic FLA in G. nigricollis using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) based on the 18S rDNA V9 region. A total of 38 fresh fecal samples were collected in Dashanbao, China, during the overwintering period (early-, middle I-, middle II-, and late-winter). Based on the 18S data, eight genera of parasites were identified, including three protozoan parasites: Eimeria sp. (92.1%) was the dominant parasite, followed by Tetratrichomonas sp. (36.8%) and Theileria sp. (2.6%). Five genera of helminths were found: Echinostoma sp. (100%), Posthodiplostomum sp. (50.0%), Euryhelmis sp. (26.3%), Eucoleus sp. (50.0%), and Halomonhystera sp. (2.6%). Additionally, eight genera of FLA were detected, including the known pathogens Acanthamoeba spp. (n = 13) and Allovahlkampfia spp. (n = 3). Specific PCRs were used to further identify the species of some parasites and FLA. Furthermore, the 18S data indicated significant changes in the relative abundance and genus diversity of the protozoan parasites and FLA among the four periods. These results underscore the importance of long-term monitoring of pathogens in black-necked cranes to protect this near-endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshi Yu
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University Zhaotong 657000 PR China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an 625014 PR China
| | - Wenhao Li
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University Zhaotong 657000 PR China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an 625014 PR China
| | - Xin He
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences Chengdu 610000 PR China
| | - Guiwen He
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University Zhaotong 657000 PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology, Zhaotong University Zhaotong 657000 PR China
| | - Yonfang Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an 625014 PR China
| | - Yuanjian Wang
- Management Bureau of Dashanbao Black-Necked Crane National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province Zhaotong 657000 Yunnan PR China
| | - Mingcui Shao
- Management Bureau of Dashanbao Black-Necked Crane National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province Zhaotong 657000 Yunnan PR China
| | - Tingsong Xiong
- Management Bureau of Dashanbao Black-Necked Crane National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province Zhaotong 657000 Yunnan PR China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University Ya’an 625014 PR China
| | - Junsong Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University Zhaotong 657000 PR China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Gastrodia and Fungi Symbiotic Biology, Zhaotong University Zhaotong 657000 PR China
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Charoennitiwat V, Chaisiri K, Kanjanapruthipong T, Ampawong S, Chanhome L, Vasaruchapong T, Thaenkham U, Ratnarathorn N. Paracapillaria ( Ophidiocapillaria) siamensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichuroidea): a new nematode in Naja kaouthia from Thailand. Parasitology 2024; 151:529-538. [PMID: 38659195 PMCID: PMC11106506 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation, incorporating both morphological and molecular analyses, has unveiled the existence of a hitherto unknown nematode species, Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) siamensis sp. nov., residing in the intestine of the monocled cobra, Naja kaouthia, in the central region of Thailand. This study integrates morphological characteristics, morphometric examination, scanning electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analysis (COI, 18S rRNA and ITS1 genes). The findings place the newly described species within the subgenus Ophidiocapillaria, elucidating its distinctive characteristics, including a frame-like proximal spicule shape, approximate lengths of 19 000 and 22 500 μm with approximate widths of 90 and 130 μm for males and females, 39‒45 stichocytes, elevated lips without protrusion, a dorsal bacillary band stripe with an irregular pattern of bacillary cells and evidence of intestinal infection. These features serve to differentiate it from other species within the same subgenus, notably Paracapillaria (Ophidiocapillaria) najae De, , a species coexisting P. siamensis sp. nov. in the monocled cobra from the same locality. This study addresses the co-infection of the novel species and P. najae within the same snake host, marking the second documented instance of a paracapillariid species in the monocled cobra within the family Elapidae. The genetic characterization supports the formal recognition of P. siamensis sp. nov. as a distinct species, thereby underscoring its taxonomic differentiation within the Capillariidae family. This research identifies and characterizes the new nematode species, contributing valuable insights into the taxonomy of this nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kittipong Chaisiri
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tapanee Kanjanapruthipong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lawan Chanhome
- Snake Farm, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Taksa Vasaruchapong
- Snake Farm, Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Urusa Thaenkham
- Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napat Ratnarathorn
- Animal Systematics & Molecular Ecology Laboratory and Applied Animal Science Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Argamjav B, Morioka K, Rosyadi I, Yunus M, Sato H. Eimerian and capillariid infection in farmed ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus karpowi) in Ehime, Japan, with special reference to their phylogenetic relationships with congeners. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3189-3203. [PMID: 37947873 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
We performed a parasitological examination of the gastrointestinal tract of farmed ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus karpowi) on two farms in Ehime, Japan. Fecal examination through flotation and sedimentation methods (43, 103, and 50 samples in three consecutive years from 2020, respectively) detected coccidian oocysts (5-58%), or capillarid (40-56%) and heterakid eggs (45-72%). Following artificial sporology, most sporulated coccidian oocysts were ellipsoidal without micropyle nor residuum, but with 1-3 polar refractile granules, morphologically reminiscent of Eimeria phasiani (Apicomplexa: Eucoccidiorida: Eimeriidae). Intensive sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (cox-1) using pan-eimerian primers and multiple oocyst samples from different pheasants indicated a single species. We characterized, for the first time, the cox-1 sequence of E. phasiani, known to be prevalent in wild and captive ring-necked pheasants worldwide. Worm recovery under a dissection microscope revealed two capillariid and one heterakid nematode species: Eucoleus perforans (Nematoda: Trichocephalida: Capillariidae) in the esophageal epithelium (prevalence, 8-73%), Capillaria phasianina (Capillariidae) in the cecal mucosa (10-87%), and Heterakis gallinarum (Nematoda: Ascaridida: Heterakidae) in the cecal lumen (69-88%). The small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) of E. perforans was perfectly identical to that in a previous isolate from farmed Japanese green pheasants (Phasianus colchicus versicolor) at a distant locality in Japan. The SSU rDNA of C. phasianina was characterized, for the first time, demonstrating a sister relationship with Capillaria anatis, parasites found in the ceca of domestic ducks, geese, and various wild anatid birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayanzul Argamjav
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Morioka
- Uwajima Branch, Nanyo Livestock Health Center, Uwajima, Ehime, Japan
| | - Imron Rosyadi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Muchammad Yunus
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia.
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de Carvalho EL, Santana RLS, Sindeaux JL, da Silva MVO, Giese EG. A new nematode of the family Capillariidae identified in Cairina moschata (Linnaeus) on Marajó Island in the Brazilian Amazon. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 32:e007523. [PMID: 37585955 PMCID: PMC10449317 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Capillaria Zeder, 1800, parasitizes the organs and tissues of several hosts, including the domestic duck Cairina moschata (Linnaeus). This article describes a new species of Capillaria in domestic ducks identified based on morphological studies and molecular analyses of the ribosomal RNA gene. Thirty-eight specimens of C. moschata from the municipality of Soure, Marajó Island, Pará, Brazil. The organs of the birds' digestive tract were analyzed under a stereomicroscope to confirm the parasitic infection, after which the collected nematodes were identified by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and molecular analysis. Capillariids parasitized the intestine and cecum of the examined birds. These parasites had three bacillary bands and a pair of elongated precloacal papillae on the tail. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the new species formed a sister clade with Capillaria spinulosa (Linstow, 1890), as described in Indonesia and Japan. Based on morphological distinctions and molecular data, Capillaria cairina n. sp. can be considered a new parasite species of C. moschata in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lopes de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Luis Sousa Santana
- Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | - Michele Velasco Oliveira da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Elane Guerreiro Giese
- Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
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Carvalho ELD, Santana RLS, Gonçalves EC, Sindeaux Neto JL, Silva MVOD, Giese EG. Systematic and parasite-host relationship by Baruscapillaria appendiculata in Phalacrocorax brasilianus collected from Marajó Island, State of Pará, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 32:e007423. [PMID: 37493787 PMCID: PMC10399554 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The genus Baruscapillaria Moravec, 1982 has six valid species recorded in birds Phalacrocoracidae, namely Baruscapillaria appendiculata Freitas, 1933, B. spiculata Freitas, 1933, B. carbonis (Dubinin & Dubinina, 1940), B. jaenschi (Johnston & Mawson, 1945), B. phalacrocoraxi (Borgarenko, 1975) and B. rudolphii Moravec, Scholz and Našincová, 1994. Helminthological tests carried out on cormorants of the species Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin), a migratory bird that occurs in the northeast of the State of Pará, Brazil, demonstrate B. appendiculata parasitizing the cloaca of these birds, through light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and molecular biology. These studies allowed a redescription of males and females of this nematode in these hosts and in this geographical area through integrative taxonomy. The occurrence of lesions in the cloaca caused by this nematode parasite was registered using histological analysis. This is a new geographic report for this nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lopes de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Luis Sousa Santana
- Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Evonnildo Costa Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Biomolecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | | | - Michele Velasco Oliveira da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Elane Guerreiro Giese
- Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia Animal, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Instituto da Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brasil
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Ghanei-Motlagh R, Fast MD, Groman D, Kumar G, Soliman H, El-Matbouli M, Saleh M. Description, molecular identification and pathological lesions of Huffmanela persica sp. nov. (Nematoda: Trichosomoididae: Huffmanelinae) from the daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:182. [PMID: 37277780 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Huffmanela Moravec, 1987 (Nematoda, Trichosomoididae, Huffmanelinae), represents a group of nematodes that infect both marine and freshwater fish, and the main gross feature of infection with different species of the genus is the presence of noticeable dark spots or tracks within the parasitized tissues. The purpose of this study was to describe morphologically and morphometrically the eggs of a new marine species of Huffmanela (Huffmanela persica sp. nov.), which was found in the form of black spots in the ovary and the tunica serosa of the stomach of the daggertooth pike conger (Muraenesox cinereus). The new species differs from Huffmanela hamo, another species reported from musculature of this host in Japan, in egg metrics, eggshell features and targeted organ. Molecular identification and pathological examination of the lesions caused by the new species are also reported. METHODS Nematode eggs with varying degrees of development were separated from the infected tissues (ovary and tunica serosa of stomach) and investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Different species-specific markers (small subunit ribosomal DNA, 18S; large subunit ribosomal DNA, 28S; internal transcribed spacer, ITS) were used for molecular identification and phylogenetic study of the new species. Infected tissues were fixed in buffered formalin for pathological investigations. RESULTS The fully developed eggs of H. persica sp. nov. are distinguished from those previously described from this host on the basis of their measurements (size, 54-68 × 31-43 µm; polar plugs, 6.4-9.7 × 8.4-12 µm; shell thickness, 3.5-6.1 µm) and a delicate but ornate uterine layer (UL) covering the entire eggshell including the polar plugs. Histopathological examination revealed a fibro-granulomatous inflammation in the ovary and the serosal layer of the stomach of infected fish. Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis recovered a sister relationship between the new species of marine origin and Huffmanela species previously collected from freshwater hosts. CONCLUSIONS The present study is the first to report the molecular characterization and phylogenetic position of a teleost-associated marine species of the genus Huffmanela. A comprehensive list of nominal and innominate populations of Huffmanela is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghanei-Motlagh
- Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada.
| | - Mark D Fast
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - David Groman
- Aquatic Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatem Soliman
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mona Saleh
- Division of Fish Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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Deng YP, Suleman, Zhang XL, Li R, Li LY, Fu YT, Liu GH, Yao C. Aonchotheca (Nematoda: Capillariidae) is validated as a separated genus from Capillaria by both mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:493. [PMID: 36585724 PMCID: PMC9805247 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family Capillariidae is a group of thread-like nematodes of 27 genera and over 300 species that infect a great variety of hosts including humans. Among these, some taxa such as the genus Aonchotheca have remained controversial regarding their systematic status for decades. The aim of the current study was to verify Aonchotheca's systemic status and to further determine whether it is a distinct genus from Capillaria using molecular and phylogenetic analyses. RESULTS We sequenced the mitochondrial (mt) genome and nuclear small subunit (18S) rRNA gene of Aonchotheca putorii, a representative species of the genus, and investigated its systematic status in Trichinellida using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The differences in amino acid sequences of 13 protein-coding genes were 12.69-67.35% among Aonchotheca, Capillaria, Eucoleus, and Pseudocapillaria with cox1 (12.69%) and atp8 (67.35%) as the most and the least conserved gene, respectively, and the difference of two mt rRNAs was 18.61-34.15%. Phylogenetic analyses of the complete mt genome and 18S rRNAs unequivocally showed that Aonchotheca was a distinct genus from Capillaria. CONCLUSIONS Large difference exists among Aonchotheca, Capillaria, Eucoleus, and Pseudocapillarias. Aonchotheca putorii is the first species in the genus Aonchotheca for which a complete mitogenome has been sequenced. These data are useful for phylogenetics, systematics and the evolution of Capillariidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ping Deng
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Suleman
- grid.502337.00000 0004 4657 4747Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Swabi, 23561 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Xue-Ling Zhang
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Rong Li
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Le-Yan Li
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Yi-Tian Fu
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- grid.257160.70000 0004 1761 0331Research Center for Parasites and Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Chaoqun Yao
- grid.412247.60000 0004 1776 0209Department of Biomedical Sciences and One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Svitin R, Bullard S, Dutton H, Netherlands E, Syrota Y, Verneau O, du Preez L. Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) bumpi n. sp. (Nematoda: Capillariidae) Parasitising West African Lungfish Protopterus annectens (Owen, 1839) (Lepidosireniformes: Protopteridae) in Mozambique and Its Phylogenetic Position Within Capillariid Nematodes. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1204-1211. [PMID: 33866477 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) bumpi n. sp. (Nematoda: Capillariidae) is described from specimens infecting the digestive tract of the West African lungfish, Protopterus annectens (Owen) (Lepidosireniformes: Protopteridae). METHODS Nematodes were collected in Karingani Game Reserve, Southern Mozambique and studied using light microscopy; obtained sequences of the 18S ribosomal (18S rRNA) gene used for phylogenetic studies. RESULTS The new species is assigned to Pseudocapillaria Freitas, 1959 by having a stichosome consisting of a single row of stichocytes and ventrolateral lobes on the male tail as well as by lacking spines on the specular sheath, caudal alae, a membranous caudal bursa, and a lateral expansion of the caudal end. It is also assigned to the sub-genus Ichthyocapillaria Moravec, 1982 by having a membrane between the ventrolateral lobes and by lacking a vulvar appendage. Pseudocapillaria (I.) bumpi n. sp. differs from its nominal congeners by having a comparatively large body size with relatively long spicule, bearing the thin membrane non-extending further than ventrolateral lobes in males and relatively smaller eggs without protruding polar plugs. It is the 20th species of the genus, the first from the Afrotropical Realm, and the first from any lungfish species. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that P. (I.) bumpi is deeply nested in a clade that associates species of the genera Pearsonema, Aonchotheca and Baruscapillaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Svitin
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa.
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, 15 Bogdan Khmelnytskyi Street, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine.
| | - Stephen Bullard
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Haley Dutton
- Aquatic Parasitology Laboratory, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Edward Netherlands
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Yaroslav Syrota
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, 15 Bogdan Khmelnytskyi Street, Kyiv, 01030, Ukraine
| | - Olivier Verneau
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, University of Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France
- CNRS, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR 5110, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Louis du Preez
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
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Rząd I, Stapf A, Kornaś SA, Dzika E, Sałamatin R, Kaczmarek A, Kowal J, Wajdzik M, Zalewski K. Intestinal Helminth Communities of Grey Partridge Perdix perdix and Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus in Poland. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123396. [PMID: 34944174 PMCID: PMC8698192 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The presence of intestinal parasites such as nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes is a serious problem for programmes for the conservation of partridges and pheasants, mainly involving the breeding of these birds and their release into the natural environment. These parasites can cause disease in these birds, whether farmed or free-living. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of parasitic worms in the partridge, native to Poland, and the introduced pheasant, and to determine the level of infection of these birds with intestinal parasitic worms. The study showed that partridges are infected with several helminth species that had not previously been recorded in this species in Poland. Pheasants are more often infected by intestinal nematodes than are partridges. These worms can negatively affect the condition of partridges and increase their risk of infection with pathogenic protozoa. The results of parasitological examination should be used to develop programmes for diagnosis and monitoring of parasitic infections in order to keep flocks free of parasites. Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the morphology and means of identification of helminths in native partridges (65) and introduced pheasants (32) in Poland and to determine the level of intestinal infection of these birds by helminths using parasitological and ecological indices. The birds were acquired during the hunting season in the years 2015–2017. Nematodes, Capillaria phasianina, cestodes, Railietina friedbergeri, and one trematode, Brachylaima sp. were recorded for the first time in partridges in Poland. Our findings indicate that parasites are more prevalent in pheasants (prevalence 70.4%) than in partridges (prevalence 50.0%). The component community and infracommunity of parasites of partridges are more diverse (Simpson’s diversity index: 0.63 and mean Brillouin diversity index: 0.10 ± 0.17) and less dominated by a single parasite species (Capillaria sp., Berger-Parker dominance index: 0.53) than the pheasant parasite community (Simpson’s diversity index: 0.07, mean Brillouin diversity index: 0.005 ± 0.02, dominant species Heterakis gallinarum, Berger-Parker dominance index: 0.96). There were statistically significant differences between partridges and pheasants in the Brillouin diversity index and in the prevalence of Heterakis gallinarum (55.6% in pheasants vs. 19.0 in partridges). There were significant differences between wild and farmed partridges in the prevalence of infection by Capillaria sp. (4.3% vs. 37.5%) and H. gallinarum (39.1 vs. 6.2%). In conclusion, the pheasant was shown to be a reservoir, carrier, and shedder of nematodes, which may increase the risk of infection in partridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Rząd
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, ul. Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Centre, University of Szczecin, ul. Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Agata Stapf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sport Science in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poznan University of Physical Education, ul. Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland;
| | - Sławomir Adam Kornaś
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 31-059 Kraków, Poland; (S.A.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Ewa Dzika
- Department of Medical Biology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Żołnierska 14 c, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Rusłan Sałamatin
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, ul. Kazimierza Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Adam Kaczmarek
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, ul. Kazimierza Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Kowal
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 31-059 Kraków, Poland; (S.A.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Marek Wajdzik
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Al. 29-Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Kazimierz Zalewski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 1a, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
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The complete mitochondrial genome of capillariid nematodes (Eucoleus annulatus): A novel gene arrangement and phylogenetic implications. Vet Parasitol 2021; 296:109476. [PMID: 34089993 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Capillariid nematode is a group of endoparasites of vertebrates with a complex taxonomy, causing significant economic losses to poultry industry. The taxonomic status of the genus Eucoleus remained controversial for several decades. Mitochondrial (mt) DNA provides useful genetic markers for accurate identification of species, but complete mt genome sequences have been lacking for any Capillariid nematodes. In the present study, we decoded the complete mt genome of E. annulatus and examined its phylogenetic relationship with selected members of the class Enoplea nematodes. The circular mt genome of E. annulatus was 14,118 bp, encoded 37 genes with a single non-coding region and showed substantial gene rearrangements (especially tRNA genes) compared to other nematodes studied to date. The complete mt genome of E. annulatus showed a clear A + T bias in nucleotide composition. The number of A (5404) was approximately equal to T (5405) and the GC-skew was negative on average (-0.073). Phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rDNA placed Eucoleus spp. well apart from each other and supported the proposal that Eucoleus and Capillaria are two distinct genera. Similarly, Bayesian inference (BI) and Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenies based on mtDNA sequences revealed that the family Capillariidae is more closely related to the family Trichuridae than to the family Trichinellidae. This is the first report of the complete mt genome of capillariid nematodes, and it will provide additional genetic markers for studying the molecular epidemiology, population genetics and systematics of capillariid nematodes and should have implications for the molecular diagnosis, prevention, and control of capillariosis in animals.
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11
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Redescription and molecular characterization of Baruscapillaria spiculata (Nematoda: Capillariidae) parasitizing the Neotropic cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus from two Argentinian lagoons. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1637-1648. [PMID: 33712928 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two species of intestinal Capillariidae were hitherto known from the Neotropic cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Baruscapillaria spiculata (Freitas, 1933), and Baruscapillaria appendiculata (Freitas, 1933). The original descriptions are very short and brief, and further reports of both species are scarce and/or confusing. This paper provides a morphological redescription and molecular characterization, based on the partial 18S rDNA gene, of B. spiculata specimens parasitizing the Neotropic cormorant in two continental lagoons from Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Both morphological and morphometrical differences between B. spiculata and B. appendiculata are highlighted on the examination of available type material. Additionally, two previous reports of B. appendiculata from Mexico and Brazil are discussed. A phylogenetic analysis conducted on specimens of B. spiculata and 46 other capillariid isolates available from the GenBank demonstrated a sister-taxon relationship between our specimens and the type species of Baruscapillaria. But, at the same time, significant genetic distances between both taxa showed an interesting variability of the genus Baruscapillaria. The probable division of this genus into multiple genera could probably be confirmed through integrative studies including more species.
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12
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French AF, Castillo-Alcala F, Gedye KR, Knox MA, Roe WD, Gartrell BD. Ventral dermatitis in rowi ( Apteryx rowi) caused by cutaneous capillariasis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2020; 13:160-170. [PMID: 33117650 PMCID: PMC7581817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In 2013 there was an outbreak of crusting ventral dermatitis among a group of juvenile rowi (Apteryx rowi), a species of the endangered New Zealand kiwi, that were being raised on an off-shore island sanctuary. Biopsies taken at the time found nematodes migrating within the epidermis of affected skin but the specific identity and origin of the organisms was not established, and sporadic cases of similar skin disease continue to occur on the island. On examination of additional sections from the original skin biopsies, adult nematodes and eggs were identified, the histomorphology of which was consistent with Capillaria sensu lato. PCR was performed on DNA extracted from archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of skin from eight affected rowi, using primers targeting the 18S region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the COI gene of mitochondrial DNA of capillarid nematodes. The 18S sequences from all rowi samples were identical and matched sequences from members of the genus Eucoleus. In contrast, two distinct capillarid COI sequences were obtained, in one case both from the same rowi skin biopsy. While there were no close matches, both COI sequences also aligned nearest to sequences identified as Eucoleus spp. It is considered unlikely that two different nematode species are involved in the rowi skin lesions and the possible amplification of a COI pseudogene or “numt” is discussed. A species-level identification of the capillarid nematodes causing skin disease in rowi was not obtained, however based on histological evaluation the infections include reproductively-active adult nematodes. This finding indicates the possibility of perpetuation of the skin disease in the absence of the original source, as well as raising potential for the transfer of infection from the island when the juvenile rowi are translocated to their new habitats. Dermatitis associated with nematode migration has been diagnosed in juvenile rowi kiwi. Histological and molecular analysis indicates a member of Capillaria sensu lato. The possible amplification of a COI pseudogene is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne F French
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11- 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Fernanda Castillo-Alcala
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11- 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kristene R Gedye
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11- 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Matthew A Knox
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11- 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wendi D Roe
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11- 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Brett D Gartrell
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11- 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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