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Sanchez D, Zapata C, Romero Y, Flores-Huarco NH, Oros O, Alvarado W, Quilcate C, Guevara-Alvarado HM, Estrada R, Coila P. Parasitism-Induced Changes in Microbial Eukaryotes of Peruvian Alpaca Gastrointestinal Tract. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:187. [PMID: 38398696 PMCID: PMC10890412 DOI: 10.3390/life14020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpacas, important genetic resources in the Andean region of Peru, are vulnerable to diarrhea caused by pathogenic parasites such as Eimeria lamae and Giardia sp., which can be fatal, especially in neonates, due to their physiological immaturity and limited adaptability. The study investigated the diversity and abundance of intestinal fungi and protists in alpacas infected with Eimeria lamae and Giardia sp. compared to healthy alpacas. A total of 19 alpacas, aged between one and two months, were included. They were divided into two groups, one with pathological conditions (nine) and the other healthy (ten). Parasitological analyses for the detection of parasites and subsequent molecular analysis were performed on the collected fecal samples. The results revealed a greater diversity and abundance of protists in infected alpacas in comparison with healthy alpacas, while the fungal composition did not show significant changes. Therefore, parasitic infections affect the protist component of the alpaca gut microbiota. Also, it was observed that Blastocystis was identified in all healthy alpacas, serving as a possible marker of the health of the intestinal microbiota; in addition, Prussia and Pichia are beneficial fungi that help control diseases. This groundbreaking study in neonatal alpacas is the first to explore potential changes in the intestinal microbiota during an infectious state, underscoring the importance of further research to comprehend its effects on alpaca health and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sanchez
- Unidad de Post Grado de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, P.O. Box 291, Puno 21001, Peru; (D.S.); (N.H.F.-H.)
| | - Celso Zapata
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, P.O. Box 291, Puno 21001, Peru; (C.Z.); (O.O.)
| | - Yolanda Romero
- Instituto de Investigación en Bioinformática y Bioestadistica (BIOINFO), Av. Raúl Ferrero 21, Lima 15024, Peru;
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima 15024, Peru;
| | - Nils H. Flores-Huarco
- Unidad de Post Grado de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, P.O. Box 291, Puno 21001, Peru; (D.S.); (N.H.F.-H.)
| | - Oscar Oros
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, P.O. Box 291, Puno 21001, Peru; (C.Z.); (O.O.)
| | - Wigoberto Alvarado
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Cl. Higos Urco 342, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru; (W.A.); (H.M.G.-A.)
| | - Carlos Quilcate
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima 15024, Peru;
| | - Hada M. Guevara-Alvarado
- Facultad de Ingeniería Zootecnista, Agronegocios y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas (UNTRM), Cl. Higos Urco 342, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru; (W.A.); (H.M.G.-A.)
| | - Richard Estrada
- Instituto de Investigación en Bioinformática y Bioestadistica (BIOINFO), Av. Raúl Ferrero 21, Lima 15024, Peru;
- Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima 15024, Peru;
| | - Pedro Coila
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno, P.O. Box 291, Puno 21001, Peru; (C.Z.); (O.O.)
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Stensvold CR, Berg RPKD, Maloney JG, Molokin A, Santin M. Molecular characterization of Blastocystis and Entamoeba of muskoxen and sheep in Greenland. Int J Parasitol 2023; 53:673-685. [PMID: 37355198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular characterisation of endobionts that are shared among human and non-human hosts can help shed light on the epidemiology and inform studies that aim to unravel the role of these organisms in health and disease. Two of the most common of shared endobionts include the single-celled intestinal protists Blastocystis and Entamoeba. Here, we present the first known data on genetic diversity and host specificity of these two genera in Greenland. Faecal DNA samples from 243 muskoxen and 44 sheep were submitted to metabarcoding of nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA. Entamoeba- and Blastocystis-specific sequences were clustered, and consensus sequences were subjected to taxonomic query. Using MinION-based sequencing, near-complete nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences were obtained from four faecal samples. Of the 243 muskox samples, 180 (74%) and 19 (8%) were positive for Blastocystis and Entamoeba, respectively. Forty (91%) and six (14%) of the 44 sheep samples were positive for Blastocystis and Entamoeba, respectively. Blastocystis subtypes (ST) 10, 14, 21, 24-26, and a novel subtype (ST40) were identified. Colonisation by more than one subtype was common. ST40 was common in muskoxen but limited to Northeast Greenland. Entamoeba bovis and the E. bovis-associated ribosomal lineages (RL) 1 and 8 were found, and three conditional lineages (CL) 3, 4, and 10 were confirmed; CL10 was promoted to RL12. Several novel lineages were identified, all of which were linked to the E. bovis complex. In conclusion, Blastocystis was far more common than Entamoeba and found in approximately three of every four animals; both can be considered common colonisers of large herbivorous mammals in Greenland. Multiple subtypes/lineages of both genera were commonly observed, some of which were novel, but most of which are seen in many other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen Rune Stensvold
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Rebecca P K D Berg
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Jenny G Maloney
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Aleksey Molokin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Monica Santin
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
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Liu XC, Ren Q, Guo J, Chen DQ, Li QQ, Luo XY, Gu YF, Li WC. First Detection and Molecular Identification of Entamoeba bovis in Farm-Raised Sika Deer from Anhui Province, China. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:1782-1787. [PMID: 36018470 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protozoans of Entamoeba spp. are one of the most common enteric parasites that infect humans and diverse animals including deer. PURPOSE However, data regarding the prevalence and species/genotypes of Entamoeba spp. in deer in China is scarce. This study investigated the prevalence and species distribution of Entamoeba spp. in sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Anhui Province. METHODS In our survey, 336 fecal samples were collected from five sika deer farms in different regions of Anhui Province. All samples were examined for the presence of Entamoeba spp. by PCR and phylogenetic analysis of the conserved 18S rRNA gene. RESULTS 106/336 (31.5%) fecal samples were positive for Entamoeba spp. A statistically significant difference in the prevalence of Entamoeba spp. infection was observed between sampling farms (p < 0.001), and the prevalence of Entamoeba spp. in male and female sika deer showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed the single species, E. bovis, was identified in this study. CONCLUSION This is the first report about the identification of E. bovis in farm-raised sika deer in China, and these results expand our understanding of host range and species distribution of Entamoeba spp. in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Chao Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - Qi Ren
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Animal Husbandry Development Center of Lu'an City, Lu'an, 237000, China
| | - Dong-Qian Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - Xin-Yu Luo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - You-Fang Gu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - Wen-Chao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Chuzhou, 233100, China.
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