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Borbély N, Dudás D, Tapasztó A, Dudás-Boda E, Csáky V, Szeifert B, Mende BG, Egyed B, Szécsényi-Nagy A, Pamjav H. Phylogenetic insights into the genetic legacies of Hungarian-speaking communities in the Carpathian Basin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11480. [PMID: 38769390 PMCID: PMC11106325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on exploring the uniparental genetic lineages of Hungarian-speaking minorities residing in rural villages of Baranja (Croatia) and the Zobor region (Slovakia). We aimed to identify ancestral lineages by examining genetic markers distributed across the entire mitogenome and on the Y-chromosome. This allowed us to discern disparities in regional genetic structures within these communities. By integrating our newly acquired genetic data from a total of 168 participants with pre-existing Eurasian and ancient DNA datasets, our goal was to enrich the understanding of the genetic history trajectories of Carpathian Basin populations. Our findings suggest that while population-based analyses may not be sufficiently robust to detect fine-scale uniparental genetic patterns with the sample sizes at hand, phylogenetic analysis of well-characterized Y-chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) data and entire mitogenome sequences did uncover multiple lineage ties to far-flung regions and eras. While the predominant portions of both paternal and maternal DNA align with the East-Central European spectrum, rarer subhaplogroups and lineages have unveiled ancient ties to both prehistoric and historic populations spanning Europe and Eastern Eurasia. This research augments the expansive field of phylogenetics, offering critical perspectives on the genetic constitution and heritage of the communities in East-Central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Borbély
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Dániel Dudás
- Department of Reference Sample Analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Gyorskocsi u. 25, Budapest, 1027, Hungary
| | - Attila Tapasztó
- Department of Reference Sample Analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Gyorskocsi u. 25, Budapest, 1027, Hungary
| | - Eszter Dudás-Boda
- Department of Reference Sample Analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Gyorskocsi u. 25, Budapest, 1027, Hungary
| | - Veronika Csáky
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Bea Szeifert
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gusztáv Mende
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Balázs Egyed
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Tóth Kálmán utca 4, Budapest, 1097, Hungary.
| | - Horolma Pamjav
- Department of Reference Sample Analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Gyorskocsi u. 25, Budapest, 1027, Hungary.
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2
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Pamjav H, Fóthi Á, Dudás D, Tapasztó A, Krizsik V, Fóthi E. The paternal genetic legacy of Hungarian-speaking Rétköz (Hungary) and Váh valley (Slovakia) populations. Front Genet 2022; 13:977517. [PMID: 36324512 PMCID: PMC9619085 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.977517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and six Rétköz and 48 Váh valley samples were collected from the contact zones of Hungarian-Slovakian territories and were genotyped for Y-chromosomal haplotypes and haplogroups. The results were compared with contemporary and archaic data from published sources. The genetic composition of the Rétköz population from Hungary and the Váh valley population from Slovakia indicates different histories. In the Rétköz population, the paternal lineages that were also found in the Hungarian Conquerors, such as R1a-Z93, N-M46, Q-M242, and R1b-L23, were better preserved. These haplogroups occurred in 10% of the population. The population of the Váh valley, however, is characterized by the complete absence of these haplogroups. Our study did not detect a genetic link between the Váh valley population and the Hungarian Conquerors; the genetic composition of the Váh valley population is similar to that of the surrounding Indo-European populations. The Hungarian Rétköz males shared common haplotypes with ancient Xiongnu, ancient Avar, Caucasian Avar, Abkhazian, Balkarian, and Circassian males within haplogroups R1a-Z93, N1c-M46, and R1b-L23, indicating a common genetic footprint. Another difference between the two studied Hungarian populations can be concluded from the Fst-based MDS plot. The Váh valley, in the western part of the Hungarian-Slovakian contact zone, is genetically closer to the Western Europeans. In contrast, Rétköz is in the eastern part of that zone and therefore closer to the Eastern Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horolma Pamjav
- Department of Reference sample analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institutes for Forensic Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Horolma Pamjav, ; Erzsébet Fóthi,
| | - Ábel Fóthi
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Dudás
- Department of Reference sample analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institutes for Forensic Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Departmant of Genetics, Eötvös Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Tapasztó
- Department of Reference sample analysis, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institutes for Forensic Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Virág Krizsik
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Fóthi
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Horolma Pamjav, ; Erzsébet Fóthi,
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Szeifert B, Gerber D, Csáky V, Langó P, Stashenkov DA, Khokhlov AA, Sitdikov AG, Gazimzyanov IR, Volkova EV, Matveeva NP, Zelenkov AS, Poshekhonova OE, Sleptsova AV, Karacharov KG, Ilyushina VV, Konikov BA, Sungatov FA, Kolonskikh AG, Botalov SG, Grudochko IV, Komar O, Egyed B, Mende BG, Türk A, Szécsényi-Nagy A. Tracing genetic connections of ancient Hungarians to the 6th-14th century populations of the Volga-Ural region. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3266-3280. [PMID: 35531973 PMCID: PMC9523560 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the early Hungarian tribes originated from the Volga-Kama and South-Ural regions, where they were composed of a mixed population based on historical, philological and archaeological data. We present here the uniparental genetic makeup of the mediaeval era of these regions that served as a melting pot for ethnic groups with different linguistic and historical backgrounds. Representing diverse cultural contexts, the new genetic data originate from ancient proto-Ob-Ugric people from Western Siberia (6th-13th century), the pre-Conquest period and subsisting Hungarians from the Volga-Ural region (6th-14th century) and their neighbours. By examining the eastern archaeology traits of Hungarian prehistory, we also study their genetic composition and origin in an interdisciplinary framework. We analyzed 110 deep-sequenced mitogenomes and 42 Y-chromosome haplotypes from 18 archaeological sites in Russia. The results support the studied groups' genetic relationships regardless of geographical distances, suggesting large-scale mobility. We detected long-lasting genetic connections between the sites representing the Kushnarenkovo and Chiyalik cultures and the Carpathian Basin Hungarians and confirmed the Uralic transmission of several East Eurasian uniparental lineages in their gene pool. Based on phylogenetics, we demonstrate and model the connections and splits of the studied Volga-Ural and conqueror groups. Early Hungarians and their alliances conquered the Carpathian Basin around 890 AD. Re-analysis of the Hungarian conquerors' maternal gene pool reveals numerous surviving maternal relationships in both sexes; therefore, we conclude that men and women came to the Carpathian Basin together, and although they were subsequently genetically fused into the local population, certain eastern lineages survived for centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bea Szeifert
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Dániel Gerber
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Veronika Csáky
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary
| | - Péter Langó
- Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Dmitrii A Stashenkov
- Samara Regional Museum of History and Local Lore named after P. V. Alabina, Samara 443041, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A Khokhlov
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Teaching Methods, Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara 443099, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Olga E Poshekhonova
- Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen 625026, Russia
| | - Anastasiia V Sleptsova
- Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen 625026, Russia
| | | | - Viktoria V Ilyushina
- Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen 625026, Russia
| | - Boris A Konikov
- Omsk Popov Production Association Russia, Omsk 644009, Russia
| | - Flarit A Sungatov
- Institute of History, Language and Literature of Scientific Center in Ufa of Russian Academy of Science, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | - Alexander G Kolonskikh
- Institute of Ethnological Studies of R.G. Kuzeev, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450077, Russia
| | - Sergei G Botalov
- South Ural Branch of the Institute of History and Archeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chelyabinsk 454080 Russia
- South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Ivan V Grudochko
- South Ural Branch of the Institute of History and Archeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chelyabinsk 454080 Russia
- South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Oleksii Komar
- Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 04210, Ukraine
| | - Balázs Egyed
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Balázs G Mende
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary
| | - Attila Türk
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
- Early Hungarians Research Team, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary
| | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- Institute of Archaeogenomics, Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest 1097, Hungary
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Wang CC, Posth C, Furtwängler A, Sümegi K, Bánfai Z, Kásler M, Krause J, Melegh B. Genome-wide autosomal, mtDNA, and Y chromosome analysis of King Bela III of the Hungarian Arpad dynasty. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19210. [PMID: 34584164 PMCID: PMC8478946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancient Hungarians, "Madzsars", established their control of the Carpathian Basin in the late ninth century and founded the Hungarian Kingdom around 1000AD. The origin of the Magyars as a tribal federation has been much debated in the past. From the time of the conquest to the early fourteenth century they were ruled by descendants of the Arpad family. In order to learn more about the genetic origin of this family, we here analyzed the genome of Bela III one of the most prominent members of the early Hungarian dynasty that ruled the Hungarian Kingdom from 1172 to 1196. The Y-Chromosome of Bela III belongs to haplogroup R1a-Z2123 that is today found in highest frequency in Central Asia, supporting a Central Asian origin for the ruling lineage of the Hungarian kingdom. The autosomal DNA profile of Bela III, however, falls within the genetic variation of present-day east European populations. This is further supported through his mtDNA genome that belongs to haplogroup H, the most common European maternal lineage, but also found in Central Asia. However, we didn't find an exact haplotype match for Bela III. The typical autosomal and maternal Central Eastern European ancestry among Bela III autosomes might be best explained by consecutive intermarriage with local European ruling families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chao Wang
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Institute of Anthropology, School of Sociology and Anthropology, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Cosimo Posth
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Furtwängler
- Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katalin Sümegi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 24, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bánfai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.,Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 24, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Miklós Kásler
- National Institute of Oncology, Rácz Gy. u. 7-9, Budapest, 1122, Hungary
| | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745, Jena, Germany.,Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, 72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Béla Melegh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u. 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary. .,Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 24, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
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5
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Pamjav H, Krizsán K. Biologia futura: confessions in genes. Biol Futur 2021; 71:435-441. [PMID: 34554462 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-020-00049-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Y-DNA and mtDNA have been a widely used tool not only in forensic genetic applications but in human evolutionary and population genetic studies. Its paternal or maternal inheritance and lack of recombination have offered the opportunity to explore genealogical relationships among individuals and to study the frequency differences of paternal and maternal clades among human populations at continental and regional levels. It is unbelievable, but true, that the disadvantages of paternal and maternal lineages in forensic genetic studies, i.e., everyone within a family have the same paternal or maternal haplotype and haplogroup, become advantages in human evolutionary studies, i.e., reveal the genetic history of successful mothers and successful fathers. Thanks to these amazing properties of haploid markers, they provide tools for mapping the migration routes of human populations during prehistoric and historical periods, separately as maternal and paternal lineages, and together as the genetic history of a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horolma Pamjav
- Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, PO: 314/4, Budapest, 1903, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Krizsán
- Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, PO: 314/4, Budapest, 1903, Hungary
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Maár K, Varga GIB, Kovács B, Schütz O, Maróti Z, Kalmár T, Nyerki E, Nagy I, Latinovics D, Tihanyi B, Marcsik A, Pálfi G, Bernert Z, Gallina Z, Varga S, Költő L, Raskó I, Török T, Neparáczki E. Maternal Lineages from 10-11th Century Commoner Cemeteries of the Carpathian Basin. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:460. [PMID: 33807111 PMCID: PMC8005002 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nomadic groups of conquering Hungarians played a predominant role in Hungarian prehistory, but genetic data are available only from the immigrant elite strata. Most of the 10-11th century remains in the Carpathian Basin belong to common people, whose origin and relation to the immigrant elite have been widely debated. Mitogenome sequences were obtained from 202 individuals with next generation sequencing combined with hybridization capture. Median joining networks were used for phylogenetic analysis. The commoner population was compared to 87 ancient Eurasian populations with sequence-based (Fst) and haplogroup-based population genetic methods. The haplogroup composition of the commoner population markedly differs from that of the elite, and, in contrast to the elite, commoners cluster with European populations. Alongside this, detectable sub-haplogroup sharing indicates admixture between the elite and the commoners. The majority of the 10-11th century commoners most likely represent local populations of the Carpathian Basin, which admixed with the eastern immigrant groups (which included conquering Hungarians).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Maár
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (K.M.); (O.S.); (E.N.)
| | - Gergely I. B. Varga
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; (G.I.B.V.); (B.K.); (Z.M.); (E.N.); (B.T.)
| | - Bence Kovács
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; (G.I.B.V.); (B.K.); (Z.M.); (E.N.); (B.T.)
| | - Oszkár Schütz
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (K.M.); (O.S.); (E.N.)
| | - Zoltán Maróti
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; (G.I.B.V.); (B.K.); (Z.M.); (E.N.); (B.T.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Tibor Kalmár
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Emil Nyerki
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; (G.I.B.V.); (B.K.); (Z.M.); (E.N.); (B.T.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - István Nagy
- SeqOmics Biotechnology Ltd., H-6782 Mórahalom, Hungary; (I.N.); (D.L.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Latinovics
- SeqOmics Biotechnology Ltd., H-6782 Mórahalom, Hungary; (I.N.); (D.L.)
| | - Balázs Tihanyi
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; (G.I.B.V.); (B.K.); (Z.M.); (E.N.); (B.T.)
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Antónia Marcsik
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.M.); (G.P.)
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (A.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Zsolt Bernert
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zsolt Gallina
- Ásatárs Ltd., H-6000 Kecskemét, Hungary;
- Department of Archaeology, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - László Költő
- Rippl-Rónai Municipal Museum with Country Scope, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary;
| | - István Raskó
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Tibor Török
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (K.M.); (O.S.); (E.N.)
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; (G.I.B.V.); (B.K.); (Z.M.); (E.N.); (B.T.)
| | - Endre Neparáczki
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (K.M.); (O.S.); (E.N.)
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary; (G.I.B.V.); (B.K.); (Z.M.); (E.N.); (B.T.)
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7
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Nagy PL, Olasz J, Neparáczki E, Rouse N, Kapuria K, Cano S, Chen H, Di Cristofaro J, Runfeldt G, Ekomasova N, Maróti Z, Jeney J, Litvinov S, Dzhaubermezov M, Gabidullina L, Szentirmay Z, Szabados G, Zgonjanin D, Chiaroni J, Behar DM, Khusnutdinova E, Underhill PA, Kásler M. Determination of the phylogenetic origins of the Árpád Dynasty based on Y chromosome sequencing of Béla the Third. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:164-172. [PMID: 32636469 PMCID: PMC7809292 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We set out to identify the origins of the Árpád Dynasty based on genome sequencing of DNA derived from the skeletal remains of Hungarian King Béla III (1172-1196) and eight additional individuals (six males, two females) originally interred at the Royal Basilica of Székesfehérvár. Y-chromosome analysis established that two individuals, Béla III and HU52 assign to haplogroups R-Z2125 whose distribution centres near South Central Asia with subsidiary expansions in the regions of modern Iran, the Volga Ural region and the Caucasus. Out of a cohort of 4340 individuals from these geographic areas, we acquired whole-genome data from 208 individuals derived for the R-Z2123 haplogroup. From these data we have established that the closest living kin of the Árpád Dynasty are R-SUR51 derived modern day Bashkirs predominantly from the Burzyansky and Abzelilovsky districts of Bashkortostan in the Russian Federation. Our analysis also reveals the existence of SNPs defining a novel Árpád Dynasty specific haplogroup R-ARP. Framed within the context of a high resolution R-Z2123 phylogeny, the ancestry of the first Hungarian royal dynasty traces to the region centering near Northern Afghanistan about 4500 years ago and identifies the Bashkirs as their closest kin, with a separation date between the two populations at the beginning of the first millennium CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter L Nagy
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Personalized Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Praxis Genomics LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Judit Olasz
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre Neparáczki
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nicholas Rouse
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Personalized Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- MNG Laboratories LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Samantha Cano
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Personalized Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Boston's Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huijie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Personalized Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- MNG Laboratories LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie Di Cristofaro
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, "Biologie des Groupes Sanguins", Marseille, France
| | | | - Natalia Ekomasova
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Zoltán Maróti
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Jeney
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sergey Litvinov
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Murat Dzhaubermezov
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
| | - Lilya Gabidullina
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
| | | | - György Szabados
- King St. Stephen Museum, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
- Gyula Siklósi Research Centre for Urban History Székesfehérvár, Székesfehérvár, Hungary
- Gyula László Department and Archive, Institute of Hungarian Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dragana Zgonjanin
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jacques Chiaroni
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, "Biologie des Groupes Sanguins", Marseille, France
| | - Doron M Behar
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elza Khusnutdinova
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics - Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
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8
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Neparáczki E, Maróti Z, Kalmár T, Maár K, Nagy I, Latinovics D, Kustár Á, Pálfi G, Molnár E, Marcsik A, Balogh C, Lőrinczy G, Gál SS, Tomka P, Kovacsóczy B, Kovács L, Raskó I, Török T. Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16569. [PMID: 31719606 PMCID: PMC6851379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian nomadic groups arrived to the Carpathian Basin from the Eurasian Steppes and significantly influenced its political and ethnical landscape, however their origin remains largely unknown. In order to shed light on the genetic affinity of above groups we have determined Y chromosomal haplogroups and autosomal loci, suitable to predict biogeographic ancestry, from 49 individuals, supposed to represent the power/military elit. Haplogroups from the Hun-age are consistent with Xiongnu ancestry of European Huns. Most of the Avar-age individuals carry east Eurasian Y haplogroups typical for modern north-eastern Siberian and Buryat populations and their autosomal loci indicate mostly un-admixed Asian characteristics. In contrast the conquering Hungarians seem to be a recently assembled population incorporating un-admixed European, Asian as well as admixed components. Their heterogeneous paternal and maternal lineages indicate similar supposed phylogeographic origin of males and females, derived from Central-Inner Asian and European Pontic Steppe sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Neparáczki
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Maróti
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kalmár
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Kitti Maár
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - István Nagy
- SeqOmics Biotechnology Ltd., Mórahalom, H-6782, Hungary.,Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hun. Acad. Sci, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | | | - Ágnes Kustár
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Antónia Marcsik
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Csilla Balogh
- Department of Art History, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey
| | | | | | - Péter Tomka
- Department of Archaeology, Flóris Rómer Museum of Art and History, H-9024, Győr, Hungary
| | | | - László Kovács
- Institute of Archaeology of the Center for Humanities of the Hun. Acad. Sci, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Raskó
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre of the Hun. Acad. Sci, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Tibor Török
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary.
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9
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Chung NN, Jacobs GS, Sudoyo H, Malik SG, Chew LY, Lansing JS, Cox MP. Sex-linked genetic diversity originates from persistent sociocultural processes at microgeographic scales. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190733. [PMID: 31598251 PMCID: PMC6731738 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Population genetics has been successful at identifying the relationships between human groups and their interconnected histories. However, the link between genetic demography inferred at large scales and the individual human behaviours that ultimately generate that demography is not always clear. While anthropological and historical context are routinely presented as adjuncts in population genetic studies to help describe the past, determining how underlying patterns of human sociocultural behaviour impact genetics still remains challenging. Here, we analyse patterns of genetic variation in village-scale samples from two islands in eastern Indonesia, patrilocal Sumba and a matrilocal region of Timor. Adopting a 'process modelling' approach, we iteratively explore combinations of structurally different models as a thinking tool. We find interconnected socio-genetic interactions involving sex-biased migration, lineage-focused founder effects, and on Sumba, heritable social dominance. Strikingly, founder ideology, a cultural model derived from anthropological and archaeological studies at larger regional scales, has both its origins and impact at the scale of villages. Process modelling lets us explore these complex interactions, first by circumventing the complexity of formal inference when studying large datasets with many interacting parts, and then by explicitly testing complex anthropological hypotheses about sociocultural behaviour from a more familiar population genetic standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ning Chung
- Complexity Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Centre for University Core, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore
| | - Guy S. Jacobs
- Complexity Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Herawati Sudoyo
- Genome Diversity and Diseases Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Safarina G. Malik
- Genome Diversity and Diseases Laboratory, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lock Yue Chew
- Complexity Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - J. Stephen Lansing
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
- Stockholm Resilience Center, Kräftriket, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Murray P. Cox
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
- Te Pūnaha Matatini, Centre of Research Excellence for Complex Systems, Aukland, New Zealand
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10
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A simultaneous search for footprints of early human migration processes using the genetic and folk music data in Eurasia. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:941-962. [PMID: 30949847 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to illustrate the efficiency of correlation analysis of musical and genetic data for certain common ethnic and ethno-musical roots of mankind. The comparison of the results to archaeogenetic data shows that correlations of recent musical and genetic data may reveal past cultural and migration processes resulting in recent connections. The significance tests verified our hypothesis supposing that propagation of oral musical traditions can be related to early human migration processes is well-founded, because the multidimensional point system determined by the inverse rank vectors of correlating Hg-UCT pairs has a very clear structure. We found that associations of Hgs jointly propagating with associations of UCTs (Unified Contour Type) can be identified as significant complex components in both modern and ancient populations, thus, modern populations can be considered as admixtures of these ancient Hg associations. It also seems obvious to conclude that these ancient Hg associations strewed their musical "parent languages" during their migrations, and the correlating UCTs of these musical parent languages may also be basic components of the recent folk music cultures. Thus, we can draw a hypothetical picture of the main characteristics of ancient musical cultures. Modern and prehistoric populations belonging to a common Hg-UCT association are located to very similar geographical areas, consequently, recent folk music cultures are basically determined by prehistoric migrations. Our study could be considered as an initial step in analysis of the correlations of prehistoric and recent musical and genetic characteristics of human evolution history.
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11
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Neparáczki E, Maróti Z, Kalmár T, Kocsy K, Maár K, Bihari P, Nagy I, Fóthi E, Pap I, Kustár Á, Pálfi G, Raskó I, Zink A, Török T. Mitogenomic data indicate admixture components of Central-Inner Asian and Srubnaya origin in the conquering Hungarians. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205920. [PMID: 30335830 PMCID: PMC6193700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that the Finno-Ugric Hungarian language, originated from proto Uralic people, was brought into the Carpathian Basin by the conquering Hungarians. From the middle of the 19th century this view prevailed against the deep-rooted Hungarian Hun tradition, maintained in folk memory as well as in Hungarian and foreign written medieval sources, which claimed that Hungarians were kinsfolk of the Huns. In order to shed light on the genetic origin of the Conquerors we sequenced 102 mitogenomes from early Conqueror cemeteries and compared them to sequences of all available databases. We applied novel population genetic algorithms, named Shared Haplogroup Distance and MITOMIX, to reveal past admixture of maternal lineages. Our results show that the Conquerors assembled from various nomadic groups of the Eurasian steppe. Population genetic results indicate that they had closest connection to the Onogur-Bulgar ancestors of Volga Tatars. Phylogenetic results reveal that more than one third of the Conqueror maternal lineages were derived from Central-Inner Asia and their most probable ultimate sources were the Asian Scythians and Asian Huns, giving support to the Hungarian Hun tradition. The rest of the lineages most likely originated from the Bronze Age Potapovka-Poltavka-Srubnaya cultures of the Pontic-Caspian steppe. Available data imply that the Conquerors did not have a major contribution to the gene pool of the Carpathian Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoltán Maróti
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kalmár
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klaudia Kocsy
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kitti Maár
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - István Nagy
- SeqOmics Biotechnology Ltd., Mórahalom, Hungary
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Fóthi
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Pap
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kustár
- Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Raskó
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummies and the Iceman, EURAC, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tibor Török
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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12
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Tambets K, Yunusbayev B, Hudjashov G, Ilumäe AM, Rootsi S, Honkola T, Vesakoski O, Atkinson Q, Skoglund P, Kushniarevich A, Litvinov S, Reidla M, Metspalu E, Saag L, Rantanen T, Karmin M, Parik J, Zhadanov SI, Gubina M, Damba LD, Bermisheva M, Reisberg T, Dibirova K, Evseeva I, Nelis M, Klovins J, Metspalu A, Esko T, Balanovsky O, Balanovska E, Khusnutdinova EK, Osipova LP, Voevoda M, Villems R, Kivisild T, Metspalu M. Genes reveal traces of common recent demographic history for most of the Uralic-speaking populations. Genome Biol 2018; 19:139. [PMID: 30241495 PMCID: PMC6151024 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic origins of Uralic speakers from across a vast territory in the temperate zone of North Eurasia have remained elusive. Previous studies have shown contrasting proportions of Eastern and Western Eurasian ancestry in their mitochondrial and Y chromosomal gene pools. While the maternal lineages reflect by and large the geographic background of a given Uralic-speaking population, the frequency of Y chromosomes of Eastern Eurasian origin is distinctively high among European Uralic speakers. The autosomal variation of Uralic speakers, however, has not yet been studied comprehensively. RESULTS Here, we present a genome-wide analysis of 15 Uralic-speaking populations which cover all main groups of the linguistic family. We show that contemporary Uralic speakers are genetically very similar to their local geographical neighbours. However, when studying relationships among geographically distant populations, we find that most of the Uralic speakers and some of their neighbours share a genetic component of possibly Siberian origin. Additionally, we show that most Uralic speakers share significantly more genomic segments identity-by-descent with each other than with geographically equidistant speakers of other languages. We find that correlated genome-wide genetic and lexical distances among Uralic speakers suggest co-dispersion of genes and languages. Yet, we do not find long-range genetic ties between Estonians and Hungarians with their linguistic sisters that would distinguish them from their non-Uralic-speaking neighbours. CONCLUSIONS We show that most Uralic speakers share a distinct ancestry component of likely Siberian origin, which suggests that the spread of Uralic languages involved at least some demic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Tambets
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Bayazit Yunusbayev
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Ufa Scientific Center of RAS, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - Georgi Hudjashov
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Anne-Mai Ilumäe
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Siiri Rootsi
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Terhi Honkola
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Estonian and General Linguistics, University of Tartu, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Outi Vesakoski
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Quentin Atkinson
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Pontus Skoglund
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Alena Kushniarevich
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, 220072, Republic of Belarus
| | - Sergey Litvinov
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of RAS, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - Maere Reidla
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ene Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lehti Saag
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Timo Rantanen
- Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Monika Karmin
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jüri Parik
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sergey I Zhadanov
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Radiology, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Marina Gubina
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Larisa D Damba
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Research Institute of Medical and Social Problems and Control of the Healthcare Department of Tuva Republic, Kyzyl, 667003, Russia
| | - Marina Bermisheva
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of RAS, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - Tuuli Reisberg
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Khadizhat Dibirova
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Irina Evseeva
- Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia
- Anthony Nolan, London, NW3 2NU, UK
| | - Mari Nelis
- Research Centre of Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Research Centre of Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Research Centre of Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Oleg Balanovsky
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, RAS, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elena Balanovska
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia
| | - Elza K Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of RAS, Ufa, 450054, Russia
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450054, Russia
| | - Ludmila P Osipova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail Voevoda
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Richard Villems
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Kivisild
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Mait Metspalu
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
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13
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Juhász Z, Dudás E, Pamjav H. A new self-learning computational method for footprints of early human migration processes. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1579-1594. [PMID: 29974304 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a new self-learning computational method searching for footprints of early migration processes determining the genetic compositions of recent human populations. The data being analysed are 26- and 18-dimensional mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal haplogroup distributions representing 50 recent and 34 ancient populations in Eurasia and America. The algorithms search for associations of haplogroups jointly propagating in a significant subset of these populations. Joint propagations of Hgs are detected directly by similar ranking lists of populations derived from Hg frequencies of the 50 Hg distributions. The method provides us the most characteristic associations of mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal haplogroups, and the set of populations where these associations propagate jointly. In addition, the typical ranking lists characterizing these Hg associations show the geographical distribution, the probable place of origin and the paths of their protection. Comparison to ancient data verifies that these recent geographical distributions refer to the most important prehistoric migrations supported by archaeological evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Juhász
- Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, PO Box. 216, Budapest, 1536, Hungary
| | - E Dudás
- National Centre of Experts and Research, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Horolma Pamjav
- National Centre of Experts and Research, Institute of Forensic Genetics, Budapest, Hungary.
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14
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Malyarchuk B, Derenko M, Denisova G, Litvinov A, Rogalla U, Skonieczna K, Grzybowski T, Pentelényi K, Guba Z, Zeke T, Molnár MJ. Whole mitochondrial genome diversity in two Hungarian populations. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:1255-1263. [PMID: 29948329 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Complete mitochondrial genomics is an effective tool for studying the demographic history of human populations, but there is still a deficit of mitogenomic data in European populations. In this paper, we present results of study of variability of 80 complete mitochondrial genomes in two Hungarian populations from eastern part of Hungary (Szeged and Debrecen areas). The genetic diversity of Hungarian mitogenomes is remarkably high, reaching 99.9% in a combined sample. According to the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), European populations showed a low, but statistically significant level of between-population differentiation (Fst = 0.61%, p = 0), and two Hungarian populations demonstrate lack of between-population differences. Phylogeographic analysis allowed us to identify 71 different mtDNA sub-clades in Hungarians, sixteen of which are novel. Analysis of ancestry-informative mtDNA sub-clades revealed a complex genetic structure associated with the genetic impact of populations from different parts of Eurasia, though the contribution from European populations is the most pronounced. At least 8% of ancestry-informative haplotypes found in Hungarians demonstrate similarity with East and West Slavic populations (sub-clades H1c23a, H2a1c1, J2b1a6, T2b25a1, U4a2e, K1c1j, and I1a1c), while the influence of Siberian populations is not so noticeable (sub-clades A12a, C4a1a, and probably U4b1a4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Malyarchuk
- Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Street, 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia.
| | - Miroslava Derenko
- Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Street, 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia
| | - Galina Denisova
- Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Street, 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia
| | - Andrey Litvinov
- Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Portovaya Street, 18, Magadan, 685000, Russia
| | - Urszula Rogalla
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Skonieczna
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grzybowski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Klára Pentelényi
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Guba
- Hungarian Molecular Anthropological Research Group, Debrecen, 4030, Hungary
| | - Tamás Zeke
- Hungarian Molecular Anthropological Research Group, Debrecen, 4030, Hungary
| | - Mária Judit Molnár
- Institute of Genomic Medicine and Rare Disorders, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
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15
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Huang YZ, Pamjav H, Flegontov P, Stenzl V, Wen SQ, Tong XZ, Wang CC, Wang LX, Wei LH, Gao JY, Jin L, Li H. Dispersals of the Siberian Y-chromosome haplogroup Q in Eurasia. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:107-117. [PMID: 28884289 PMCID: PMC5846874 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human Y-chromosome has proven to be a powerful tool for tracing the paternal history of human populations and genealogical ancestors. The human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q is the most frequent haplogroup in the Americas. Previous studies have traced the origin of haplogroup Q to the region around Central Asia and Southern Siberia. Although the diversity of haplogroup Q in the Americas has been studied in detail, investigations on the diffusion of haplogroup Q in Eurasia and Africa are still limited. In this study, we collected 39 samples from China and Russia, investigated 432 samples from previous studies of haplogroup Q, and analyzed the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) subclades Q1a1a1-M120, Q1a2a1-L54, Q1a1b-M25, Q1a2-M346, Q1a2a1a2-L804, Q1a2b2-F1161, Q1b1a-M378, and Q1b1a1-L245. Through NETWORK and BATWING analyses, we found that the subclades of haplogroup Q continued to disperse from Central Asia and Southern Siberia during the past 10,000 years. Apart from its migration through the Beringia to the Americas, haplogroup Q also moved from Asia to the south and to the west during the Neolithic period, and subsequently to the whole of Eurasia and part of Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhi Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Horolma Pamjav
- National Center of Forensic Experts and Research, Budapest, 1087, Hungary
| | - Pavel Flegontov
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 71000, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russian Federation
| | - Vlastimil Stenzl
- Institute of Criminalistics, Police of the Czech Republic, 17089, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shao-Qing Wen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xin-Zhu Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lan-Hai Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jing-Yi Gao
- Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Tartu, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
- Faculty of Central European Studies, Beijing International Studies University, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Li Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hui Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Revising mtDNA haplotypes of the ancient Hungarian conquerors with next generation sequencing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174886. [PMID: 28422985 PMCID: PMC5396865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the effort to create a high resolution representative sequence database of the medieval Hungarian conquerors we have resequenced the entire mtDNA genome of 24 published ancient samples with Next Generation Sequencing, whose haplotypes had been previously determined with traditional PCR based methods. We show that PCR based methods are prone to erroneous haplotype or haplogroup determination due to ambiguous sequence reads, and many of the resequenced samples had been classified inaccurately. The SNaPshot method applied with published ancient DNA authenticity criteria is the most straightforward and cheapest PCR based approach for testing a large number of coding region SNP-s, which greatly facilitates correct haplogroup determination.
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