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Nappi F. In-Depth Genomic Analysis: The New Challenge in Congenital Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1734. [PMID: 38339013 PMCID: PMC10855915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of next-generation sequencing has provided new insights into the causes and mechanisms of congenital heart disease (CHD). Examinations of the whole exome sequence have detected detrimental gene variations modifying single or contiguous nucleotides, which are characterised as pathogenic based on statistical assessments of families and correlations with congenital heart disease, elevated expression during heart development, and reductions in harmful protein-coding mutations in the general population. Patients with CHD and extracardiac abnormalities are enriched for gene classes meeting these criteria, supporting a common set of pathways in the organogenesis of CHDs. Single-cell transcriptomics data have revealed the expression of genes associated with CHD in specific cell types, and emerging evidence suggests that genetic mutations disrupt multicellular genes essential for cardiogenesis. Metrics and units are being tracked in whole-genome sequencing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
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Gravholt CH, Viuff M, Just J, Sandahl K, Brun S, van der Velden J, Andersen NH, Skakkebaek A. The Changing Face of Turner Syndrome. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:33-69. [PMID: 35695701 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Turner syndrome (TS) is a condition in females missing the second sex chromosome (45,X) or parts thereof. It is considered a rare genetic condition and is associated with a wide range of clinical stigmata, such as short stature, ovarian dysgenesis, delayed puberty and infertility, congenital malformations, endocrine disorders, including a range of autoimmune conditions and type 2 diabetes, and neurocognitive deficits. Morbidity and mortality are clearly increased compared with the general population and the average age at diagnosis is quite delayed. During recent years it has become clear that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary toward the patient with TS. A number of clinical advances has been implemented, and these are reviewed. Our understanding of the genomic architecture of TS is advancing rapidly, and these latest developments are reviewed and discussed. Several candidate genes, genomic pathways and mechanisms, including an altered transcriptome and epigenome, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus H Gravholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark
| | - Mette Viuff
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark
| | - Jesper Just
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark
| | - Kristian Sandahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark
| | - Sara Brun
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark
| | - Janielle van der Velden
- Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Amalia Children's Hospital, 6525 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels H Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg 9000, Denmark
| | - Anne Skakkebaek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus 8200 N, Denmark
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Yip A, Libhaber E, Nam P, Kleinloog R, Rampini L, Hosking C. A Systematic Review of Acute Thoracic Aortic Dissections in Africa-The Need for a Registry. AORTA (STAMFORD, CONN.) 2022; 10:279-289. [PMID: 36539145 PMCID: PMC9767780 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this systematic review, the available literature on the presentation and management of acute thoracic aortic dissections in Africa is examined. Though Africa has 17% of the world population, it accounts for approximately 1% of the available literature with much of our understanding coming from registries arising from the developed world, such as the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection. The literature from the African continent consists mainly of case reports, small case series, and few original studies. Case reports make an important contribution to our understanding of uncommon conditions but can skew our understanding of aortic dissections in this region by describing unusual presentations and management. In this review, we describe the available studies retrieved from large medical databases (Medline and Health Management Information Consortium) and motivate the need for national registries to provide a more accurate appreciation of the scope of the problem on this continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Yip
- Department of Cardiology, Life Fourways Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa,Address for correspondence Anthony Yip, MD Life Fourways Hospital Suite C28Cedar Road & Cedar Avenue West, Fourways, Johannesburg 2055South Africa
| | - Elena Libhaber
- School of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Penelope Nam
- Department of Cardiology, Life Fourways Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Robert Kleinloog
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Ethekweni Heart Centre and Busamed Gateway Private Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lorenzo Rampini
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Olivedale Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Catherine Hosking
- Department of Anesthesiology, Morningside Medi-Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Vrtel P, Vrtel R, Klaskova E, Vrbicka D, Adamova K, Pavlicek J, Hana V, Hana V, Soucek O, Stara V, Lebl J, Snajdrova M, Zapletalova J, Furst T, Kapralova S, Tauber Z, Krejcirikova E, Routilova M, Stellmachova J, Vodicka R, Prochazka M. Haplotype analysis of the X chromosome in patients with Turner syndrome in order to verify the possible effect of imprinting on selected symptoms. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021; 166:63-67. [PMID: 33463629 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Turner syndrome is the only chromosome monosomy that is postnatally compatible with life. The reported incidence of TS is 1 in 2500 liveborn girls. The phenotype of these girls is highly variable, with cardiac abnormalities being life-threatening defects. The aim of the study was to reveal the possible influence of the parental origin of the X chromosome in these patients on a selected phenotype that is associated with Turner syndrome. Selected symptoms and parameters were: a bicuspid aortic valve, aortic coarctation, lymphoedema, pterygium colli, coeliac disease, thyroiditis, otitis media, diabetes mellitus 2, renal abnormalities, spontaneous puberty, and IVF. METHODS The X chromosome haplotype was determined for a group of 45,X patients verified by native FISH. A molecular diagnostic method based on the detection of different lengths of X chromosome-linked STR markers using the Argus X-12 QS kit was used to determine the X haplotype. RESULTS Our results, analysed by Fisher's exact (factorial) test, suggest independence between the maternal/paternal origin of the inherited X chromosome and the presence of the anomalies that were studied (P=1 to P=0.34). CONCLUSION In the group of 45,X patients, who were precisely selected by means of the native FISH method, no correlation was demonstrated with the parental origin of the X chromosome and the observed symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Vrtel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Vrtel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Klaskova
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dita Vrbicka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pavlicek
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatal Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Hana
- 3rd Department of Medicine - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Hana
- 3rd Department of Medicine - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soucek
- Department of Paediatrics, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Stara
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lebl
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Snajdrova
- Department of Paediatrics, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Zapletalova
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Furst
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Kapralova
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Tauber
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Krejcirikova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Routilova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Stellmachova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Vodicka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Prochazka
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Guseh SH, Friedman KG, Wilkins-Haug LE. Fetal cardiac intervention-Perspectives from a single center. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40:415-423. [PMID: 31875330 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fetal cardiac intervention was first proposed in the early 1990s to impact cardiac development and survival of fetuses with fetal aortic stenosis and evolving hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Although initial attempts of fetal aortic valvuloplasty were unsuccessful and carried a high rate of morbidity and mortality, our collaborative group at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and Boston Children's Hospital have reinvigorated the procedure using improvements in imaging, anesthesia, balloon catheters, and surgical techniques. Two decades of experience have now allowed us to document the safety of in utero intervention and to achieve a better understanding of the impact of midgestation intervention on developing HLHS. Research into underlying genetics, predictive biomarkers, and ways to incorporate stem cell technology will hopefully allow us to further refine the procedure to most benefit children with this historically lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Guseh
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin G Friedman
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louise E Wilkins-Haug
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Yang Y, Hao W. Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular findings of isodicentric Y chromosomes. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:55. [PMID: 31890035 PMCID: PMC6935080 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Isodicentric Y chromosomes [idic(Y)] are one of the most common structural abnormalities of the Y chromosome. The prenatal diagnosis of isodicentric Y chromosomes is of vital importance, and the postnatal phenotypes vary widely. Therefore, we present six patients prenatally diagnosed with isodicentric Y chromosomes and review the literature concerning the genotype-phenotype correlations. Method The clinical materials of six patients were obtained. Cytogenetic and molecular approaches were carried out for these six patients. Results Isodicentric Y chromosomes were found in all sixpatients. Among them, four patients presented with a mosaic 45,X karyotype, one patient had a 46,XY cell line, and one patient was nonmosaic. Five of these six isodicentric Y chromosomes had a breakpoint in Yq11.2, and the other had a breakpoint in Yp11.3. The molecular analysis demonstrated different duplications and deletions of the Y chromosome. Finally, three patients chose to terminate the pregnancy, two patients gave birth to normal-appearing males, and one patient was lost to follow-up. Conclusion The incorporation of multiple cytogenetic and molecular techniques would offer a more comprehensive understanding of this structural chromosomal abnormality for genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital, #369 Kunpeng Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310008 Zhejiang China
| | - Wang Hao
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital, #369 Kunpeng Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310008 Zhejiang China.,2Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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