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Peng Z, Bredeson JV, Wu GA, Shu S, Rawat N, Du D, Parajuli S, Yu Q, You Q, Rokhsar DS, Gmitter FG, Deng Z. A chromosome-scale reference genome of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) provides insights into disease resistance, cold tolerance and genome evolution in Citrus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1215-1232. [PMID: 32985030 PMCID: PMC7756384 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata), a deciduous close relative of evergreen Citrus, has important traits for citrus production, including tolerance/resistance to citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing, HLB) and other major diseases, and cold tolerance. It has been one of the most important rootstocks, and one of the most valuable sources of resistance and tolerance genes for citrus. Here we present a high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assembly of P. trifoliata. The 264.9-Mb assembly contains nine chromosomal pseudomolecules with 25 538 protein-coding genes, covering 97.2% of the estimated gene space. Comparative analyses of P. trifoliata and nine Citrus genomes revealed 605 species-specific genes and six rapidly evolving gene families in the P. trifoliata genome. Poncirus trifoliata has evolved specific adaptation in the C-repeat/DREB binding factor (CBF)-dependent and CBF-independent cold signaling pathways to tolerate cold. We identified candidate genes within quantitative trait loci for HLB tolerance, and at the loci for resistance to citrus tristeza virus and citrus nematode. Genetic diversity analysis of Poncirus accessions and Poncirus/Citrus hybrids shows a narrow genetic base in the US germplasm collection, and points to the importance of collecting and preserving more natural genetic variation. Two phenotypically divergent Poncirus accessions are found to be clonally related, supporting a previous conjecture that dwarf Flying Dragon originated as a mutant of a non-dwarfing type. The high-quality genome reveals features and evolutionary insights of Poncirus, and it will serve as a valuable resource for genetic, genomic and molecular research and manipulation in citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Peng
- Department of Environmental HorticultureGulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaIFAS14625 County Road 672WimaumaFL33598USA
| | - Jessen V. Bredeson
- Molecular and Cell Biology DepartmentUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Guohong A. Wu
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome InstituteLawrence Berkeley National Lab1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Shengqiang Shu
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome InstituteLawrence Berkeley National Lab1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Nidhi Rawat
- Department of Environmental HorticultureGulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaIFAS14625 County Road 672WimaumaFL33598USA
| | - Dongliang Du
- Citrus Research and Education CenterUniversity of Florida, IFAS700 Experiment Station RdLake AlfredFL33850USA
| | - Saroj Parajuli
- Department of Environmental HorticultureGulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaIFAS14625 County Road 672WimaumaFL33598USA
| | - Qibin Yu
- Citrus Research and Education CenterUniversity of Florida, IFAS700 Experiment Station RdLake AlfredFL33850USA
| | - Qian You
- Department of Environmental HorticultureGulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaIFAS14625 County Road 672WimaumaFL33598USA
| | - Daniel S. Rokhsar
- Molecular and Cell Biology DepartmentUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCA94720USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome InstituteLawrence Berkeley National Lab1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Frederick G. Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education CenterUniversity of Florida, IFAS700 Experiment Station RdLake AlfredFL33850USA
| | - Zhanao Deng
- Department of Environmental HorticultureGulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of FloridaIFAS14625 County Road 672WimaumaFL33598USA
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Boudehri K, Bendahmane A, Cardinet G, Troadec C, Moing A, Dirlewanger E. Phenotypic and fine genetic characterization of the D locus controlling fruit acidity in peach. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 9:59. [PMID: 19445673 PMCID: PMC2698847 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acidity is an essential component of the organoleptic quality of fleshy fruits. However, in these fruits, the physiological and molecular mechanisms that control fruit acidity remain unclear. In peach the D locus controls fruit acidity; low-acidity is determined by the dominant allele. Using a peach progeny of 208 F2 trees, the D locus was mapped to the proximal end of linkage group 5 and co-localized with major QTLs involved in the control of fruit pH, titratable acidity and organic acid concentration and small QTLs for sugar concentration. To investigate the molecular basis of fruit acidity in peach we initiated the map-based cloning of the D locus. RESULTS In order to generate a high-resolution linkage map in the vicinity of the D locus, 1,024 AFLP primer combinations were screened using DNA of bulked acid and low-acid segregants. We also screened a segregating population of 1,718 individuals for chromosomal recombination events linked to the D locus and identified 308 individuals with recombination events close to D. Using these recombinant individuals we delimited the D locus to a genetic interval of 0.4 cM. We also constructed a peach BAC library of 52,000 clones with a mean insert size of 90 kb. The screening of the BAC library with markers tightly linked to D locus indicated that 1 cM corresponds to 250 kb at the vicinity of the D locus. CONCLUSION In the present work we presented the first high-resolution genetic map of D locus in peach. We also constructed a peach BAC library of approximately 15x genome equivalent. This fine genetic and physical characterization of the D locus is the first step towards the isolation of the gene(s) underlying fruit acidity in peach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Boudehri
- INRA, UR0419, Unité de Recherches sur les Espèces Fruitières, Centre de Bordeaux, BP 81, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- INRA-CNRS, UMR1165 Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, F-91057 Evry, France
| | - Gaëlle Cardinet
- INRA, UR0419, Unité de Recherches sur les Espèces Fruitières, Centre de Bordeaux, BP 81, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christelle Troadec
- INRA-CNRS, UMR1165 Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, F-91057 Evry, France
| | - Annick Moing
- INRA – UMR619 Fruit Biology, INRA, Université de Bordeaux 1, Université de Bordeaux 2, BP 81, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Metabolome-Fluxome Pole, IFR103 BVI, BP 81, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Elisabeth Dirlewanger
- INRA, UR0419, Unité de Recherches sur les Espèces Fruitières, Centre de Bordeaux, BP 81, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Moreno P, Ambrós S, Albiach-Martí MR, Guerri J, Peña L. Citrus tristeza virus: a pathogen that changed the course of the citrus industry. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2008; 9:251-68. [PMID: 18705856 PMCID: PMC6640355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2007.00455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) (genus Closterovirus, family Closteroviridae) is the causal agent of devastating epidemics that changed the course of the citrus industry. Adapted to replicate in phloem cells of a few species within the family Rutaceae and to transmission by a few aphid species, CTV and citrus probably coevolved for centuries at the site of origin of citrus plants. CTV dispersal to other regions and its interaction with new scion varieties and rootstock combinations resulted in three distinct syndromes named tristeza, stem pitting and seedling yellows. The first, inciting decline of varieties propagated on sour orange, has forced the rebuilding of many citrus industries using tristeza-tolerant rootstocks. The second, inducing stunting, stem pitting and low bearing of some varieties, causes economic losses in an increasing number of countries. The third is usually observed by biological indexing, but rarely in the field. CTV polar virions are composed of two capsid proteins and a single-stranded, positive-sense genomic RNA (gRNA) of approximately 20 kb, containing 12 open reading frames (ORFs) and two untranslated regions (UTRs). ORFs 1a and 1b, encoding proteins of the replicase complex, are directly translated from the gRNA, and together with the 5' and 3'UTRs are the only regions required for RNA replication. The remaining ORFs, expressed via 3'-coterminal subgenomic RNAs, encode proteins required for virion assembly and movement (p6, p65, p61, p27 and p25), asymmetrical accumulation of positive and negative strands during RNA replication (p23), or suppression of post-transcriptional gene silencing (p25, p20 and p23), with the role of proteins p33, p18 and p13 as yet unknown. Analysis of genetic variation in CTV isolates revealed (1) conservation of genomes in distant geographical regions, with a limited repertoire of genotypes, (2) uneven distribution of variation along the gRNA, (3) frequent recombination events and (4) different selection pressures shaping CTV populations. Measures to control CTV damage include quarantine and budwood certification programmes, elimination of infected trees, use of tristeza-tolerant rootstocks, or cross protection with mild isolates, depending on CTV incidence and on the virus strains and host varieties predominant in each region. Incorporating resistance genes into commercial varieties by conventional breeding is presently unfeasible, whereas incorporation of pathogen-derived resistance by plant transformation has yielded variable results, indicating that the CTV-citrus interaction may be more specific and complex than initially thought. A deep understanding of the interactions between viral proteins and host and vector factors will be necessary to develop reliable and sound control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Moreno
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Cra. Moncada-Náquera Km. 4.5, Moncada, 46113- Valencia, Spain.
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Chen C, Bowman KD, Choi YA, Dang PM, Rao MN, Huang S, Soneji JR, McCollum TG, Gmitter FG. EST-SSR genetic maps for Citrus sinensis and Poncirus trifoliata. TREE GENETICS & GENOMES 2008; 4:1-10. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11295-007-0083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Detection of quantitative trait Loci influencing recombination using recombinant inbred lines. Genetics 2007; 177:2309-19. [PMID: 17947433 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.076679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic basis of variation in recombination in higher plants is polygenic and poorly understood, despite its theoretical and practical importance. Here a method of detecting quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing recombination in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) is proposed that relies upon the fact that genotype data within RILs carry the signature of past recombination. Behavior of the segregational genetic variance in numbers of chromosomal crossovers (recombination) over generations is described for self-, full-sib-, and half-sib-generated RILs with no dominance in true crossovers. This genetic variance, which as a fraction of the total phenotypic variance contributes to the statistical power of the method, was asymptotically greatest with half sibbing, less with sibbing, and least with selfing. The statistical power to detect a recombination QTL declined with diminishing QTL effect, genome target size, and marker density. For reasonably tight marker linkage power was greater with less intense inbreeding for later generations and vice versa for early generations. Generational optima for segregation variance and statistical power were found, whose onset and narrowness varied with marker density and mating design, being more pronounced for looser marker linkage. Application of this method to a maize RIL population derived from inbred lines Mo17 and B73 and developed by selfing suggested two putative QTL (LOD > 2.4) affecting certain chromosomes, and using a canonical transformation another putative QTL was detected. However, permutation tests failed to support their presence (experimentwise alpha = 0.05). Other populations with more statistical power and chosen specifically for recombination QTL segregation would be more effective.
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Rai M. Refinement of the Citrus tristeza virus resistance gene (Ctv) positional map in Poncirus trifoliata and generation of transgenic grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) plant lines with candidate resistance genes in this region. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 61:399-414. [PMID: 16830176 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-006-0018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is a major pathogen of Citrus. A single dominant gene Ctv present in the trifoliate relative of Citrus, Poncirus trifoliata confers broad spectrum resistance against CTV. Refinement of genetic maps has delimited this gene to a 121 kb region, comprising of ten candidate Ctv resistance genes. The ten candidate genes were individually cloned in Agrobacterium based binary vector and transformed into three CTV susceptible grapefruit varieties. Two of the candidate R-genes, R-2 and R-3 are exclusively expressed in transgenic plants and in Poncirus trifoliata, while five other genes are also expressed in non-transformed Citrus controls. Northern blotting with a CTV derived probe for assessment of infection in virus inoculated plants over a span of three growth periods, each comprising of six to eight weeks, indicates either an absence of initiation of infection or it's slow spread in R-2 plant lines or an initial appearance of infection and it's subsequent obliteration in some R-1 and R-4 plant lines. Limited genome walk up- and downstream form R-1 gene, based on it's 100% sequence identity between Poncirus and Citrus, indicates promoter identity of 92% between the two varieties. Further upstream and downstream sequencing indicates the presence of an O-methyl transferase and a Copia like gene respectively in Citrus instead of the amino acid transporter like gene upstream and a sugar transporter like gene downstream in Poncirus. The possibility of recombinations in the resistance locus of Citrus and the need for consistent monitoring for virus infection and gene expression in the transgenic Citrus trees is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Chromosome Walking
- Citrus paradisi/genetics
- Citrus paradisi/virology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Closterovirus/pathogenicity
- Genes, Plant
- Genetic Vectors
- Glucuronidase/analysis
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Shoots/anatomy & histology
- Plant Shoots/virology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/virology
- Poncirus/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Recombination, Genetic
- Rhizobium/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Transformation, Genetic
- Transgenes
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 1108 The Strand, 301 University Blvd, Room 215-216, Galveston, TX 77555-0632, USA.
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Jamsari A, Nitz I, Reamon-Büttner SM, Jung C. BAC-derived diagnostic markers for sex determination in asparagus. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2004; 108:1140-1146. [PMID: 15067401 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Accepted: 10/27/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A HindIII BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) library of asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L.) was established from a single male plant homozygous for the male flowering gene ( MM). The library represents approximately 5.5 haploid genome equivalents with an average insert size of 82 kb. A subset of the library (2.6 haploid genome equivalents) was arranged into DNA pools. Using nine sex-linked amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and two sequence-tagged site (STS) markers, 13 different BAC clones were identified from this part of the library. The BACs were arranged into a first-generation physical map around the sex locus. Four PCR-derived markers were developed from the BAC ends, one of which could be scored in a co-dominant way. Using a mapping population of 802 plants we mapped the BAC-derived markers to the same position close to the M gene as the corresponding AFLP and STS markers. The markers are useful for further chromosome walking studies and as diagnostic markers for selecting male plants homozygous for the M gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jamsari
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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Deng Z, Gmitter FG. Cloning and characterization of receptor kinase class disease resistance gene candidates in Citrus. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2003; 108:53-61. [PMID: 13679986 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2002] [Accepted: 05/15/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rice gene Xa21 represents a unique class of plant disease resistance ( R) genes with distinct protein structure and broad-spectrum specificity; few sequences or genes of this class have been cloned and characterized in other plant species. Degenerate primers were designed from the conserved motifs in the kinase domains of Xa21 and tomato Pto, and used in PCR amplification to identify this class of resistance gene candidate (RGC) sequences from citrus for future evaluation of possible association with citrus canker resistance. Twenty-nine RGC sequences highly similar to the kinase domain of Xa21 (55%-60% amino-acid identity) were cloned and characterized. To facilitate recovery of full-length gene structures and to overcome RGC mapping limitations, large-insert genomic clones (BACs) were identified, fingerprinted and assembled into contigs. Southern hybridization revealed the presence of 1-3 copies of receptor-like kinase sequences (i.e., clustering) in each BAC. Some of these sequences were sampled by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. Twenty-three sequences were thus obtained and classified into five groups and eight subgroups, which indicates the possibility of enhancing RGC sequence diversity from BACs. A primer-walking strategy was employed to derive full-length gene structures from two BAC clones; both sequences 17o6RLK and 26m19RLK contained all the features of the rice Xa21 protein, including a signal peptide, the same number of leucine-rich-repeats, and transmembrane and kinase domains. These results demonstrate that PCR amplification with appropriately designed degenerate primers is an efficient approach for cloning receptor-like kinase class RGCs. Utilization of BAC clones can facilitate this approach in multiple ways by improving sequence diversity, providing full-length genes, and assisting in understanding gene structures and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Deng
- University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, 5007 60th Street East, 34203, Bradenton, FL, USA
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la Rosa R, Angiolillo A, Guerrero C, Pellegrini M, Rallo L, Besnard G, Bervillé A, Martin A, Baldoni L. A first linkage map of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars using RAPD, AFLP, RFLP and SSR markers. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2003; 106:1273-1282. [PMID: 12748779 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-1189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2002] [Accepted: 08/23/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The first linkage map of the olive (Olea europaea L.) genome has been constructed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) as dominant markers and a few restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and simple-sequence repeats (SSR) as codominant markers. Ninety-five individuals of a cross progeny derived from two highly heterozygous olive cultivars, Leccino and Dolce Agogia, were used by applying the pseudo test-cross strategy. From 61 RAPD primers 279 markers were obtained - 158 were scored for Leccino and 121 for Dolce Agogia. Twenty-one AFLP primer combinations gave 304 useful markers - 160 heterozygous in Leccino and 144 heterozygous in Dolce Agogia. In the Leccino map 249 markers (110 RAPD, 127 AFLP, 8 RFLP and 3 SSR) were linked. This resulted in 22 major linkage groups and 17 minor groups with fewer than four markers. In the Dolce Agogia map, 236 markers (93 RAPD, 133 AFLP, 6 RFLP and 4 SSR) were linked; 27 major linkage groups and three minor groups were obtained. Codominant RFLPs and SSRs, as well as few RAPDs in heteroduplex configuration, were used to establish homologies between linkage groups of both parents. The total distance covered was 2,765 cM and 2,445 cM in the Leccino and Dolce Agogia maps, respectively. The mean map distance between adjacent markers was 13.2 cM in Leccino and 11.9 cM in Dolce Agogia, respectively. Both AFLP and RAPD markers were homogeneously distributed in all of the linkage groups reported. The stearoyl-ACP desaturase gene was mapped on linkage group 4 of cv. Leccino.
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Affiliation(s)
- R la Rosa
- Dpto. Agronomia - Universidad de Córdoba, Av.da Menendez Pidal, S/N, Spain
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Yang ZN, Ye XR, Molina J, Roose ML, Mirkov TE. Sequence analysis of a 282-kilobase region surrounding the citrus Tristeza virus resistance gene (Ctv) locus in Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 131:482-92. [PMID: 12586873 PMCID: PMC166825 DOI: 10.1104/pp.011262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2002] [Revised: 08/21/2002] [Accepted: 10/30/2002] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the major virus pathogen causing significant economic damage to citrus worldwide, and a single dominant gene, Ctv, provides broad spectrum resistance to CTV in Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. Ctv was physically mapped to a 282-kb region using a P. trifoliata bacterial artificial chromosome library. This region was completely sequenced to about 8x coverage using a shotgun sequencing strategy and primer walking for gap closure. Sequence analysis predicts 22 putative genes, two mutator-like transposons and eight retrotransposons. This sequence analysis also revealed some interesting features of this region of the P. trifoliata genome: a disease resistance gene cluster with seven members and eight retrotransposons clustered in a 125-kb gene-poor region. Comparative sequence analysis suggests that six genes in the Ctv region have significant sequence similarity with their orthologs in bacterial artificial chromosome clones F7H2 and F21T11 from Arabidopsis chromosome I. However, the analysis of gene colinearity between P. trifoliata and Arabidopsis indicates that Arabidopsis genome sequence information may be of limited use for positional gene cloning in P. trifoliata and citrus. Analysis of candidate genes for Ctv is also discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Contig Mapping
- DNA Transposable Elements/genetics
- DNA, Plant/chemistry
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- Genome, Plant
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- Phylogeny
- Plant Diseases/genetics
- Plant Diseases/virology
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Viruses/growth & development
- Poncirus/genetics
- Poncirus/virology
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Synteny
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Nan Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University, Weslaco, Texas 78596, USA
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