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Najar M, Alsabri SG, Guedi GG, Merimi M, Lavoie F, Grabs D, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J, Benderdour M, Fahmi H. Role of epigenetics and the transcription factor Sp1 in the expression of the D prostanoid receptor 1 in human cartilage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1256998. [PMID: 38099292 PMCID: PMC10720455 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1256998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
D prostanoid receptor 1 (DP1), a prostaglandin D2 receptor, plays a central role in the modulation of inflammation and cartilage metabolism. We have previously shown that activation of DP1 signaling downregulated catabolic responses in cultured chondrocytes and was protective in mouse osteoarthritis (OA). However, the mechanisms underlying its transcriptional regulation in cartilage remained poorly understood. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the human DP1 promoter and the role of DNA methylation in DP1 expression in chondrocytes. In addition, we analyzed the expression level and methylation status of the DP1 gene promoter in normal and OA cartilage. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis analyses identified a minimal promoter region (-250/-120) containing three binding sites for specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Binding of Sp1 to the DP1 promoter was confirmed using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Treatment with the Sp1 inhibitor mithramycin A reduced DP1 promoter activity and DP1 mRNA expression. Inhibition of DNA methylation by 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine upregulated DP1 expression, and in vitro methylation reduced the DP1 promoter activity. Neither the methylation status of the DP1 promoter nor the DP1 expression level were different between normal and OA cartilage. In conclusion, our results suggest that the transcription factor Sp1 and DNA methylation are important determinants of DP1 transcription regulation. They also suggest that the methylation status and expression level of DP1 are not altered in OA cartilage. These findings will improve our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of DP1 transcription and may facilitate the development of intervention strategies involving DP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sami G. Alsabri
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gadid G. Guedi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Makram Merimi
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Lavoie
- Departement of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Montreal Hospital Center (CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Detlev Grabs
- Research Unit in Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Benderdour
- Orthopedics Research Laboratory, Research Center, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Center (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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Weißenberger M, Wagenbrenner M, Nickel J, Ahlbrecht R, Blunk T, Steinert AF, Gilbert F. Comparative in vitro treatment of mesenchymal stromal cells with GDF-5 and R57A induces chondrogenic differentiation while limiting chondrogenic hypertrophy. J Exp Orthop 2023; 10:29. [PMID: 36943593 PMCID: PMC10030724 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-023-00594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypertrophic cartilage is an important characteristic of osteoarthritis and can often be found in patients suffering from osteoarthritis. Although the exact pathomechanism remains poorly understood, hypertrophic de-differentiation of chondrocytes also poses a major challenge in the cell-based repair of hyaline cartilage using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). While different members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family have been shown to promote chondrogenesis in MSCs, the transition into a hypertrophic phenotype remains a problem. To further examine this topic we compared the effects of the transcription growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) and the mutant R57A on in vitro chondrogenesis in MSCs. METHODS Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) were placed in pellet culture and in-cubated in chondrogenic differentiation medium containing R57A, GDF-5 and TGF-ß1 for 21 days. Chondrogenesis was examined histologically, immunohistochemically, through biochemical assays and by RT-qPCR regarding the expression of chondrogenic marker genes. RESULTS Treatment of BMSCs with R57A led to a dose dependent induction of chondrogenesis in BMSCs. Biochemical assays also showed an elevated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and expression of chondrogenic marker genes in corresponding pellets. While treatment with R57A led to superior chondrogenic differentiation compared to treatment with the GDF-5 wild type and similar levels compared to incubation with TGF-ß1, levels of chondrogenic hypertrophy were lower after induction with R57A and the GDF-5 wild type. CONCLUSIONS R57A is a stronger inducer of chondrogenesis in BMSCs than the GDF-5 wild type while leading to lower levels of chondrogenic hypertrophy in comparison with TGF-ß1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Weißenberger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Würzburg, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Brettreichstraße 11, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Mike Wagenbrenner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rasmus Ahlbrecht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Trauma-, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma-, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andre F Steinert
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, König-Ludwig-Haus, Würzburg, Germany
- Current address:, Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, Shoulder and Arthroplasty Surgery, Rhön-Klinikum, Campus Bad Neustadt, Bad Neustadt, Germany
| | - Fabian Gilbert
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Trauma-, Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Lafont JE, Moustaghfir S, Durand AL, Mallein-Gerin F. The epigenetic players and the chromatin marks involved in the articular cartilage during osteoarthritis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1070241. [PMID: 36733912 PMCID: PMC9887161 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1070241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics defines the modifications of the genome that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. These modifications constitute a mechanism of gene regulation poorly explored in the context of cartilage physiology. They are now intensively studied by the scientific community working on articular cartilage and its related pathology such as osteoarthritis. Indeed, epigenetic regulations can control the expression of crucial gene in the chondrocytes, the only resident cells of cartilage. Some epigenetic changes are considered as a possible cause of the abnormal gene expression and the subsequent alteration of the chondrocyte phenotype (hypertrophy, proliferation, senescence…) as observed in osteoarthritic cartilage. Osteoarthritis is a joint pathology, which results in impaired extracellular matrix homeostasis and leads ultimately to the progressive destruction of cartilage. To date, there is no pharmacological treatment and the exact causes have yet to be defined. Given that the epigenetic modifying enzymes can be controlled by pharmacological inhibitors, it is thus crucial to describe the epigenetic marks that enable the normal expression of extracellular matrix encoding genes, and those associated with the abnormal gene expression such as degradative enzyme or inflammatory cytokines encoding genes. In this review, only the DNA methylation and histone modifications will be detailed with regard to normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. Although frequently referred as epigenetic mechanisms, the regulatory mechanisms involving microRNAs will not be discussed. Altogether, this review will show how this nascent field influences our understanding of the pathogenesis of OA in terms of diagnosis and how controlling the epigenetic marks can help defining epigenetic therapies.
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Cai Z, Long T, Zhao Y, Lin R, Wang Y. Epigenetic Regulation in Knee Osteoarthritis. Front Genet 2022; 13:942982. [PMID: 35873487 PMCID: PMC9304589 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.942982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complicated disease with both hereditary and environmental causes. Despite an increase in reports of possible OA risk loci, it has become clear that genetics is not the sole cause of osteoarthritis. Epigenetics, which can be triggered by environmental influences and result in transcriptional alterations, may have a role in OA pathogenesis. The majority of recent research on the epigenetics of OA has been focused on DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs. However, this study will explore epigenetic regulation in OA at the present stage. How genetics, environmental variables, and epigenetics interact will be researched, shedding light for future studies. Their possible interaction and control processes open up new avenues for the development of innovative osteoarthritis treatment and diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teng Long
- *Correspondence: Teng Long, ; You Wang,
| | | | | | - You Wang
- *Correspondence: Teng Long, ; You Wang,
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Li J, Yang X, Chu Q, Xie L, Ding Y, Xu X, Timko MP, Fan L. Multi-omics molecular biomarkers and database of osteoarthritis. Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6631109. [PMID: 35788653 PMCID: PMC9254640 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis in the adult population and is a leading cause of disability. OA-related genetic loci may play an important role in clinical diagnosis and disease progression. With the rapid development of diverse technologies and omics methods, many OA-related public data sets have been accumulated. Here, we retrieved a diverse set of omics experimental results from 159 publications, including genome-wide association study, differentially expressed genes and differential methylation regions, and 2405 classified OA-related gene markers. Meanwhile, based on recent single-cell RNA-seq data from different joints, 5459 cell-type gene markers of joints were collected. The information has been integrated into an online database named OAomics and molecular biomarkers (OAOB). The database (http://ibi.zju.edu.cn/oaobdb/) provides a web server for OA marker genes, omics features and so on. To our knowledge, this is the first database of molecular biomarkers for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Xiaotian Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Qinjie Chu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lingjuan Xie
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuwen Ding
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoxu Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, and Department of Public Health Sciences, UVA School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Longjiang Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.,Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Alsheikh AJ, Wollenhaupt S, King EA, Reeb J, Ghosh S, Stolzenburg LR, Tamim S, Lazar J, Davis JW, Jacob HJ. The landscape of GWAS validation; systematic review identifying 309 validated non-coding variants across 130 human diseases. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:74. [PMID: 35365203 PMCID: PMC8973751 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The remarkable growth of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has created a critical need to experimentally validate the disease-associated variants, 90% of which involve non-coding variants. Methods To determine how the field is addressing this urgent need, we performed a comprehensive literature review identifying 36,676 articles. These were reduced to 1454 articles through a set of filters using natural language processing and ontology-based text-mining. This was followed by manual curation and cross-referencing against the GWAS catalog, yielding a final set of 286 articles. Results We identified 309 experimentally validated non-coding GWAS variants, regulating 252 genes across 130 human disease traits. These variants covered a variety of regulatory mechanisms. Interestingly, 70% (215/309) acted through cis-regulatory elements, with the remaining through promoters (22%, 70/309) or non-coding RNAs (8%, 24/309). Several validation approaches were utilized in these studies, including gene expression (n = 272), transcription factor binding (n = 175), reporter assays (n = 171), in vivo models (n = 104), genome editing (n = 96) and chromatin interaction (n = 33). Conclusions This review of the literature is the first to systematically evaluate the status and the landscape of experimentation being used to validate non-coding GWAS-identified variants. Our results clearly underscore the multifaceted approach needed for experimental validation, have practical implications on variant prioritization and considerations of target gene nomination. While the field has a long way to go to validate the thousands of GWAS associations, we show that progress is being made and provide exemplars of validation studies covering a wide variety of mechanisms, target genes, and disease areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01216-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar J Alsheikh
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA.
| | - Sabrina Wollenhaupt
- Information Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Emily A King
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Jonas Reeb
- Information Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sujana Ghosh
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | | | - Saleh Tamim
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Jozef Lazar
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - J Wade Davis
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Howard J Jacob
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
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7
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Zhang Q, Ouyang Z, song X, Zhu W, Tang X, Liu Z, Chen X. Epigenetic modifications of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in joint cartilage tissue from osteoarthritis patients - CONSORT. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27868. [PMID: 34941032 PMCID: PMC8702089 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) remains one of the most common osteopathy for centuries, which can be attributed to multiple risk factors including mechanical and biochemical ones. More and more studies verified that inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the progression of OA, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between epigenetic manifestations of TNF-? and the pathogenesis of OA. METHODS Totally, 37 OA patients' cartilage was collected through the knee joint and 13 samples of articular cartilage as healthy control was collected through traumatic amputation. Real-time PCR, Western blot and ELISA analysis were performed to observe the expression of target genes and proteins in collected samples. RESULTS Compared with the healthy control group, TNF-? was over-expressing in cartilage which was collected from OA patients. DNA hypomethylation, histone hyperacetylation and histone methylation were observed in the TNF-? promoter in OA compared with normal patients, and we also studied series of enzymes associated with epigenetics. The results showed that by increasing DNA methylation and decreasing histone acetylation in the TNF-? promoter, and TNF-? over-expression in OA cartilage was suppressed, histone methylation has no significant correlation with OA. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the changes of epigenetic status regulate TNF-α expression in the cells, which are pivotal to the OA disease process. These results may give us a better understanding of OA and may provide new therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Central Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiao Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedic, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoxia song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Central Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Central Hospital of Changsha City, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xinqiao Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Central Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Central Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the Central Hospital of Xiangtan City, Xiangtan, Hunan, P.R. China
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Enhancing Stem Cell Therapy for Cartilage Repair in Osteoarthritis-A Hydrogel Focused Approach. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040263. [PMID: 34940323 PMCID: PMC8701810 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sem cells hold tremendous promise for the treatment of cartilage repair in osteoarthritis. In addition to their multipotency, stem cells possess immunomodulatory effects that can alleviate inflammation and enhance cartilage repair. However, the widely clinical application of stem cell therapy to cartilage repair and osteoarthritis has proven difficult due to challenges in large-scale production, viability maintenance in pathological tissue site and limited therapeutic biological activity. This review aims to provide a perspective from hydrogel-focused approach to address few key challenges in stem cell-based therapy for cartilage repair and highlight recent progress in advanced hydrogels, particularly microgels and dynamic hydrogels systems for improving stem cell survival, retention and regulation of stem cell fate. Finally, progress in hydrogel-assisted gene delivery and genome editing approaches for the development of next generation of stem cell therapy for cartilage repair in osteoarthritis are highlighted.
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9
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Housman G, Quillen EE, Stone AC. An evolutionary perspective of DNA methylation patterns in skeletal tissues using a baboon model of osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2260-2269. [PMID: 33325553 PMCID: PMC8206284 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic factors, such as DNA methylation, play an influential role in the development of the degenerative joint disease osteoarthritis (OA). These molecular mechanisms have been heavily studied in humans, and although OA affects several other animals in addition to humans, few efforts have taken an evolutionary perspective. This study explores the evolution of OA epigenetics by assessing the relationship between DNA methylation variation and knee OA development in baboons (Papio spp.) and by comparing these findings to human OA epigenetic associations. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns were identified in bone and cartilage of the right distal femora from 56 pedigreed, adult baboons (28 with and 28 without knee OA) using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Several significantly differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions were found between tissue types. Substantial OA-related differential methylation was also identified in cartilage, but not in bone, suggesting that cartilage epigenetics may be more influential in OA than bone epigenetics. Additionally, some genes containing OA-related DMPs overlap with and display methylation patterns similar to those previously identified in human OA, revealing a mixture of evolutionarily conserved and divergent OA-related methylation patterns in primates. Overall, these findings reinforce the current etiological perspectives of OA and enhance our evolutionary understanding of epigenetic mechanisms associated with OA. This study further establishes baboons as a valuable nonhuman primate model of OA, and continued investigations in baboons will help to disentangle the molecular mechanisms contributing to OA and their evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Housman
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Corresponding author: Genevieve Housman, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, 920 East 58th Street, CLSC 317, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Phone: 574-206-6564. Fax: 773-834-8470.
| | - Ellen E. Quillen
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Anne C. Stone
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Shepherd RF, Kerns JG, Ranganath LR, Gallagher JA, Taylor AM. "Lessons from Rare Forms of Osteoarthritis". Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:291-302. [PMID: 34417863 PMCID: PMC8403118 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent conditions in the world, particularly in the developed world with a significant increase in cases and their predicted impact as we move through the twenty-first century and this will be exacerbated by the covid pandemic. The degeneration of cartilage and bone as part of this condition is becoming better understood but there are still significant challenges in painting a complete picture to recognise all aspects of the condition and what treatment(s) are most appropriate in individual causes. OA encompasses many different types and this causes some of the challenges in fully understanding the condition. There have been examples through history where much has been learnt about common disease(s) from the study of rare or extreme phenotypes, particularly where Mendelian disorders are involved. The often early onset of symptoms combined with the rapid and aggressive pathogenesis of these diseases and their predictable outcomes give an often-under-explored resource. It is these "rarer forms of disease" that William Harvey referred to that offer novel insights into more common conditions through their more extreme presentations. In the case of OA, GWAS analyses demonstrate the multiple genes that are implicated in OA in the general population. In some of these rarer forms, single defective genes are responsible. The extreme phenotypes seen in conditions such as Camptodactyly Arthropathy-Coxa Vara-pericarditis Syndrome, Chondrodysplasias and Alkaptonuria all present potential opportunities for greater understanding of disease pathogenesis, novel therapeutic interventions and diagnostic imaging. This review examines some of the rarer presenting forms of OA and linked conditions, some of the novel discoveries made whilst studying them, and findings on imaging and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Shepherd
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jemma G Kerns
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lakshminarayan R Ranganath
- Departments of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK
| | - James A Gallagher
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8T, UK
| | - Adam M Taylor
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
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11
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Wang G, Li Y, Yang G, Yang T, He L, Wang Y. Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene promoter methylation induces chondrocyte apoptosis. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:24. [PMID: 33892795 PMCID: PMC8063489 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The occurrence of osteoarthritis is related to genetic and environmental factors. Among them, the change of chondrocyte gene expression pattern regulated by epigenetic modification is an important participant. This study analyzed the effect of CAMP gene methylation on the level of oxidative stress and inflammation of chondrocytes. Methods We analyzed the changes of the transcriptome in the articular cartilage tissue of osteoarthritis (OA) patients from the GSE117999 dataset. The GSE48422 dataset was used to analyze the changes in the methylation level of osteoarthritis cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry analysis of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) silencing CAMP gene and 5-μM 5-Aza-2’-Deoxycytidine (AZA) treatment on the proliferation and apoptosis of Human chondrocytes osteoarthritis (HC-OA) cells. The Dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay was used to detect the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expression level of inflammatory factors was analyzed by Western Blot. Results The expression of CAMP in cartilage tissue of OA patients was upregulated, and the level of methylation was downregulated. CAMP was highly expressed in osteoarthritis articular cartilage cells. Silencing CAMP inhibited the proliferation of HC-OA cells and promoted their apoptosis. CAMP gene methylation inhibited ROS levels and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression levels in HC-OA cells, and promoted transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) expression. CAMP gene methylation inhibited the proliferation of HC-OA cells and promoted their apoptosis. Conclusion CAMP gene promoter methylation inhibits ROS levels and inflammation and induces chondrocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Tengyun Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China.
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Visconti VV, Cariati I, Fittipaldi S, Iundusi R, Gasbarra E, Tarantino U, Botta A. DNA Methylation Signatures of Bone Metabolism in Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis Aging-Related Diseases: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084244. [PMID: 33921902 PMCID: PMC8072687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of the most studied epigenetic mechanisms that play a pivotal role in regulating gene expression. The epigenetic component is strongly involved in aging-bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Both are complex multi-factorial late-onset disorders that represent a globally widespread health problem, highlighting a crucial point of investigations in many scientific studies. In recent years, new findings on the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of aging-bone diseases have emerged. The aim of this systematic review is to update knowledge in the field of DNA methylation associated with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, focusing on the specific tissues involved in both pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Veronica Visconti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.V.V.); (I.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Ida Cariati
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.V.V.); (I.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Simona Fittipaldi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.V.V.); (I.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Riccardo Iundusi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Elena Gasbarra
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.I.); (E.G.)
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Policlinico Tor Vergata” Foundation, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.I.); (E.G.)
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Annalisa Botta
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (V.V.V.); (I.C.); (S.F.); (A.B.)
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13
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Rice SJ, Roberts JB, Tselepi M, Brumwell A, Falk J, Steven C, Loughlin J. Genetic and Epigenetic Fine-Tuning of TGFB1 Expression Within the Human Osteoarthritic Joint. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 73:1866-1877. [PMID: 33760378 DOI: 10.1002/art.41736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration. It is largely heritable, and genetic screening has identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) marking genomic risk loci. One such locus is marked by the G>A SNP rs75621460, downstream of TGFB1. This gene encodes transforming growth factor β1, the correct expression of which is essential for cartilage maintenance. This study investigated the regulatory activity of rs75621460 to characterize its impact on TGFB1 expression in disease-relevant patient samples (n = 319) and in Tc28a2 immortalized chondrocytes. METHODS Articular cartilage samples from human patients were genotyped, and DNA methylation levels were quantified using pyrosequencing. Gene reporter and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to determine differential nuclear protein binding to the region. The functional impact of DNA methylation on TGFB1 expression was tested using targeted epigenome editing. RESULTS The analyses showed that SNP rs75621460 was located within a TGFB1 enhancer region, and the OA risk allele A altered transcription factor binding, with decreased enhancer activity. Protein complexes binding to A (but not G) induced DNA methylation at flanking CG dinucleotides. Strong correlations between patient DNA methylation levels and TGFB1 expression were observed, with directly opposing effects in the cartilage and the synovium at this locus. This demonstrated biologic pleiotropy in the impact of the SNP within different tissues of the articulating joint. CONCLUSION The OA risk SNP rs75621460 impacts TGFB1 expression by modulating the function of a gene enhancer. We propose a mechanism by which the SNP impacts enhancer function, providing novel biologic insight into one mechanism of OA genetic risk, which may facilitate the development of future pharmacologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Rice
- Newcastle University and International Centre for Life, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Jack B Roberts
- Newcastle University and International Centre for Life, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Maria Tselepi
- Newcastle University and International Centre for Life, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Abby Brumwell
- Newcastle University and International Centre for Life, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Julia Falk
- Newcastle University and International Centre for Life, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Charlotte Steven
- Newcastle University and International Centre for Life, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - John Loughlin
- Newcastle University and International Centre for Life, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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14
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Sun K, Guo J, Yao X, Guo Z, Guo F. Growth differentiation factor 5 in cartilage and osteoarthritis: A possible therapeutic candidate. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12998. [PMID: 33522652 PMCID: PMC7941218 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) is essential for cartilage development and homeostasis. The expression and function of GDF-5 are highly associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). OA, characterized by progressive degeneration of joint, particularly in cartilage, causes severe social burden. However, there is no effective approach to reverse the progression of this disease. Over the past decades, extensive studies have demonstrated the protective effects of GDF-5 against cartilage degeneration and defects. Here, we summarize the current literature describing the role of GDF-5 in development of cartilage and joints, and the association between the GDF-5 gene polymorphisms and OA susceptibility. We also shed light on the protective effects of GDF-5 against OA in terms of direct GDF-5 supplementation and modulation of the GDF-5-related signalling. Finally, we discuss the current limitations in the application of GDF-5 for the clinical treatment of OA. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the role of GDF-5 in cartilage and emphasizes GDF-5 as a potential therapeutic candidate in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Department of OrthopedicsTongji Medical CollegeTongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jiachao Guo
- Department of OrthopedicsTongji Medical CollegeTongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of OrthopedicsTongji Medical CollegeTongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhou Guo
- Department of OrthopedicsTongji Medical CollegeTongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Fengjing Guo
- Department of OrthopedicsTongji Medical CollegeTongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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15
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Parker E, Hofer IMJ, Rice SJ, Earl L, Anjum SA, Deehan DJ, Loughlin J. Multi‐Tissue Epigenetic and Gene Expression Analysis Combined With Epigenome Modulation Identifies
RWDD2B
as a Target of Osteoarthritis Susceptibility. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 73:100-109. [DOI: 10.1002/art.41473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucy Earl
- Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | | | - David J. Deehan
- Newcastle University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust Freeman Hospital Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne UK
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16
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Sorial AK, Hofer IMJ, Tselepi M, Cheung K, Parker E, Deehan DJ, Rice SJ, Loughlin J. Multi-tissue epigenetic analysis of the osteoarthritis susceptibility locus mapping to the plectin gene PLEC. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:1448-1458. [PMID: 32580029 PMCID: PMC7594932 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In cartilage, the osteoarthritis (OA) associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs11780978 correlates with differential expression of PLEC, and with differential methylation of PLEC CpG dinucleotides, forming eQTLs and mQTLs respectively. This implies that methylation links chondrocyte genotype and phenotype, thus driving the functional effect of this genetic risk signal. PLEC encodes plectin, a cytoskeletal protein that enables tissues to respond to mechanical forces. We sought to assess whether these PLEC functional effects were cartilage specific. METHOD Cartilage, fat pad, synovium and peripheral blood were collected from patients undergoing arthroplasty. PLEC CpGs were analysed for mQTLs and allelic expression imbalance (AEI) was performed to test for eQTLs. Plectin was knocked down in a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line using CRISPR/Cas9 and cells phenotyped by RNA-sequencing. RESULTS mQTLs were discovered in fat pad, synovium and blood. Their effects were however stronger in the joint tissues and of comparable effect between these tissues. We observed AEI in synovium in the same direction as for cartilage and correlations between methylation and PLEC expression. Knocking-down plectin impacted on pathways reported to have a role in OA, including Wnt signalling, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis and immune regulation. CONCLUSIONS Synovium is also a target of the rs11780978 OA association functionally operating on PLEC. In fat pad, mQTLs were identified but these did not correlate with PLEC expression, suggesting the functional effect is not joint-wide. Our study highlights interplay between genetic risk, DNA methylation and gene expression in OA, and reveals clear differences between tissues from the same diseased joint.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Arthroplasty, Replacement
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- CpG Islands
- DNA Methylation
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glycosaminoglycans/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/blood
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis, Hip/surgery
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/blood
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/genetics
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/surgery
- Plectin/blood
- Plectin/genetics
- Plectin/metabolism
- Quantitative Trait Loci
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sorial
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - I M J Hofer
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - M Tselepi
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - K Cheung
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - E Parker
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - D J Deehan
- Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - S J Rice
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - J Loughlin
- Newcastle University, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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17
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Wang X, Wei L, Yang J, Wang Y, Chen S, Yang K, Meng X, Zhang L. DNA methylation determines the regulation of pregnane X receptor on CYP3A4 expression. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 48:250-259. [PMID: 33048369 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The expression and activity of CYP3A4 vary among individuals. With the development of epigenetics, it is now possible to elucidate interindividual differences in drug-metabolizing enzymes. Here, we aimed to explore the potential relationship between DNA methylation and CYP3A4 expression. We analyzed the effect of a DNA methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, on pregnane X receptor (PXR) and CYP3A4 expression in HepG2 cells. In addition, pCpGL-CYP3A4-promoter and pCpGL-CYP3A4-enhancer plus promoter plasmids were constructed, methylated, and transfected. We found that treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine significantly increased the expression of PXR and CYP3A4 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, CYP3A4 expression was significantly enhanced by overexpressing PXR via transfection of pSG5-PXR plasmids. Methylation of CYP3A4 enhancer inhibited CYP3A4 transcriptional activity mediated through PXR and inhibited the binding of PXR and CYP3A4 promoter. We also observed that when the promoter and enhancer of CYP3A4 were methylated, CYP3A4 expression did not increase after treatment with rifampicin. In conclusion, the investigation demonstrates that DNA methylation of CYP3A4 enhancer significantly inhibits CYP3A4 expression, mediated through PXR, which is not influenced by rifampicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luman Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingke Yang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, The 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shitong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangguang Meng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, The 7th People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Wu JY, Wang F, Wu ZC, Wu SL, Bao WB. Regulatory Effect of Methylation of the Porcine AQP3 Gene Promoter Region on Its Expression Level and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Resistance. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101167. [PMID: 33036186 PMCID: PMC7599489 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important carrier for intestinal secretion and water absorption, aquaporin 3 (AQP3) is closely related to diarrhea. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of AQP3 gene expression regulation in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-induced diarrhea confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing. Evaluation of intestinal pathology showed that diarrhea caused by PEDV infection destroyed the intestinal barrier of piglets. qPCR analysis showed that AQP3 expression in the small intestine of PEDV-infected piglets was extremely significantly decreased. qPCR and Bisulfite sequencing PCR revealed an increase in the methylation levels of both CpG islands in the AQP3 promoter region in the jejunum of PEDV-infected piglets. The methylation of mC-20 and mC-10 sites within the two CpG islands showed a significant negative correlation with AQP3 expression. Chromatin Co-Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR showed that the Sp1 transcription factor was bound to the AQP3 promoter region containing these two CpG sites. AQP3 expression was also extremely significantly reduced in Sp1-inhibited IPEC-J2 cells, indicating that abnormal methylation at the mC-20 site of CpG1 and the mC-10 site of CpG2 reduces its expression in PEDV-infected piglet jejunum by inhibiting the binding of Sp1 to the AQP3 promoter. These findings provide a theoretical basis for further functional studies of porcine AQP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.-Y.W.); (F.W.); (Z.-C.W.); (S.-L.W.)
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.-Y.W.); (F.W.); (Z.-C.W.); (S.-L.W.)
| | - Zheng-Chang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.-Y.W.); (F.W.); (Z.-C.W.); (S.-L.W.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Sheng-Long Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.-Y.W.); (F.W.); (Z.-C.W.); (S.-L.W.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wen-Bin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (J.-Y.W.); (F.W.); (Z.-C.W.); (S.-L.W.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-514-8797-9316
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19
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Cousminer DL, Freathy RM. Genetics of early growth traits. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:R66-R72. [PMID: 32886111 PMCID: PMC7530515 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, genome-wide association studies have shed light on the genetics of early growth and its links with later-life health outcomes. Large-scale datasets and meta-analyses, combined with recently developed analytical methods, have enabled dissection of the maternal and fetal genetic contributions to variation in birth weight. Additionally, longitudinal approaches have shown differences between the genetic contributions to infant, childhood and adult adiposity. In contrast, studies of adult height loci have shown strong associations with early body length and childhood height. Early growth-associated loci provide useful tools for causal analyses: Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have provided evidence that early BMI and height are causally related to a number of adult health outcomes. We advise caution in the design and interpretation of MR studies of birth weight investigating effects of fetal growth on later-life cardiometabolic disease because birth weight is only a crude indicator of fetal growth, and the choice of genetic instrument (maternal or fetal) will greatly influence the interpretation of the results. Most genetic studies of early growth have to date centered on European-ancestry participants and outcomes measured at a single time-point, so key priorities for future studies of early growth genetics are aggregation of large samples of diverse ancestries and longitudinal studies of growth trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
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20
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Vohra M, Sharma AR, Prabhu B N, Rai PS. SNPs in Sites for DNA Methylation, Transcription Factor Binding, and miRNA Targets Leading to Allele-Specific Gene Expression and Contributing to Complex Disease Risk: A Systematic Review. Public Health Genomics 2020; 23:155-170. [PMID: 32966991 DOI: 10.1159/000510253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The complex genetic diversity among human populations results from an assortment of factors acting at various sequential levels, including mutations, population migrations, genetic drift, and selection. Although there are a plethora of DNA sequence variations identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the challenge remains to explain the mechanisms underlying interindividual phenotypic disparity accounting for disease susceptibility. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in the sites for DNA methylation, transcription factor (TF) binding, or miRNA targets can alter the gene expression. The systematic review aimed to evaluate the complex crosstalk among SNPs, miRNAs, DNA methylation, and TFs for complex multifactorial disease risk. METHODS PubMed and Scopus databases were used from inception until May 15, 2019. Initially, screening of articles involved studies assessing the interaction of SNPs with TFs, DNA methylation, or miRNAs resulting in allele-specific gene expression in complex multifactorial diseases. We also included the studies which provided experimental validation of the interaction of SNPs with each of these factors. The results from various studies on multifactorial diseases were assessed. RESULTS A total of 11 articles for SNPs interacting with DNA methylation, 30 articles for SNPs interacting with TFs, and 11 articles for SNPs in miRNA binding sites were selected. The interactions of SNPs with epigenetic factors were found to be implicated in different types of cancers, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and asthma. CONCLUSION The systematic review provides evidence for the interplay between genetic and epigenetic risk factors through allele-specific gene expression in various complex multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Vohra
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Anu Radha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Navya Prabhu B
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Padmalatha S Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India,
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21
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Mang T, Kleinschmidt-Dörr K, Ploeger F, Lindemann S, Gigout A. The GDF-5 mutant M1673 exerts robust anabolic and anti-catabolic effects in chondrocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7141-7150. [PMID: 32497388 PMCID: PMC7339174 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF‐5) is known to play a key role in cartilage morphogenesis and homeostasis, and a single‐nucleotide polymorphism in its promoter sequence was found to be associated with osteoarthritis (OA). In addition, GDF‐5 was shown to promote extracellular matrix (ECM) production in healthy chondrocytes, to stimulate chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to protect against OA progression in vivo. Therefore, GDF‐5 appears to be a promising treatment for osteoarthritis. However, GDF‐5 also promotes osteogenesis and hypertrophy, limiting its therapeutic utility. To circumvent this, a GDF‐5 mutant with lower hypertrophic and osteogenic properties was engineered: M1673. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of GDF‐5 and M1673 on primary porcine and human OA chondrocytes. We found that both GDF‐5 and M1673 can robustly stimulate ECM accumulation, type II collagen and aggrecan expression in porcine and human OA chondrocytes in 3D culture. In addition, both molecules also down‐regulated MMP13 and ADAMTS5 expression. These results suggest that M1673 retained the anabolic and anti‐catabolic effects of GDF‐5 on chondrocytes and is an alternative to GDF‐5 for osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Mang
- Osteoarthritis Research, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.,Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Anne Gigout
- Osteoarthritis Research, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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22
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Coassin S, Hermann-Kleiter N, Haun M, Wahl S, Wilson R, Paulweber B, Kunze S, Meitinger T, Strauch K, Peters A, Waldenberger M, Kronenberg F, Lamina C. A genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation identifies a novel association signal for Lp(a) concentrations in the LPA promoter. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232073. [PMID: 32343731 PMCID: PMC7188291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a major cardiovascular risk factor, which is largely genetically determined by one major gene locus, the LPA gene. Many aspects of the transcriptional regulation of LPA are poorly understood and the role of epigenetics has not been addressed yet. Therefore, we conducted an epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation on Lp(a) levels in two population-based studies (total n = 2208). We identified a CpG site in the LPA promoter which was significantly associated with Lp(a) concentrations. Surprisingly, the identified CpG site was found to overlap the SNP rs76735376. We genotyped this SNP de-novo in three studies (total n = 7512). The minor allele of rs76735376 (1.1% minor allele frequency) was associated with increased Lp(a) values (p = 1.01e-59) and explained 3.5% of the variation of Lp(a). Statistical mediation analysis showed that the effect on Lp(a) is rather originating from the base change itself and is not mediated by DNA methylation levels. This finding is supported by eQTL data from 208 liver tissue samples from the GTEx project, which shows a significant association of the rs76735376 minor allele with increased LPA expression. To evaluate, whether the association signal at rs76735376 may actually be derived from a stronger eQTL signal in LD with this SNP, eQTL association results of all correlated SNPs (r2≥0.1) were integrated with genetic association results. This analysis pinpointed to rs10455872 as the potential trigger of the effect of rs76735376. Furthermore, both SNPs coincide with short apo(a) isoforms. Adjusting for both, rs10455872 and the apo(a) isoforms diminished the effect size of rs76735376 to 5.38 mg/dL (p = 0.0463). This indicates that the effect of rs76735376 can be explained by both an independent effect of the SNP and a strong correlation with rs10455872 and apo(a) isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Coassin
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natascha Hermann-Kleiter
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Margot Haun
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone Wahl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rory Wilson
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sonja Kunze
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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23
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Rice SJ, Beier F, Young DA, Loughlin J. Interplay between genetics and epigenetics in osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:268-281. [PMID: 32273577 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research into the molecular genetics of osteoarthritis (OA) has been substantially bolstered in the past few years by the implementation of powerful genome-wide scans that have revealed a large number of novel risk loci associated with the disease. This refreshing wave of discovery has occurred concurrently with epigenetic studies of joint tissues that have examined DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulatory RNAs. These epigenetic analyses have involved investigations of joint development, homeostasis and disease and have used both human samples and animal models. What has become apparent from a comparison of these two complementary approaches is that many OA genetic risk signals interact with, map to or correlate with epigenetic mediators. This discovery implies that epigenetic mechanisms, and their effect on gene expression, are a major conduit through which OA genetic risk polymorphisms exert their functional effects. This observation is particularly exciting as it provides mechanistic insight into OA susceptibility. Furthermore, this knowledge reveals avenues for attenuating the negative effect of risk-conferring alleles by exposing the epigenome as an exploitable target for therapeutic intervention in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Rice
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Frank Beier
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Western Bone and Joint Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - David A Young
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Loughlin
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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24
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DNA hypomethylation during MSC chondrogenesis occurs predominantly at enhancer regions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1169. [PMID: 31980739 PMCID: PMC6981252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of transcription occurs in a cell type specific manner orchestrated by epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation. Methylation changes may also play a key role in lineage specification during stem cell differentiation. To further our understanding of epigenetic regulation in chondrocytes we characterised the DNA methylation changes during chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by Infinium 450 K methylation array. Significant DNA hypomethylation was identified during chondrogenic differentiation including changes at many key cartilage gene loci. Integration with chondrogenesis gene expression data revealed an enrichment of significant CpGs in upregulated genes, while characterisation of significant CpG loci indicated their predominant localisation to enhancer regions. Comparison with methylation profiles of other tissues, including healthy and diseased adult cartilage, identified chondrocyte-specific regions of hypomethylation and the overlap with differentially methylated CpGs in osteoarthritis. Taken together we have associated DNA methylation levels with the chondrocyte phenotype. The consequences of which has potential to improve cartilage generation for tissue engineering purposes and also to provide context for observed methylation changes in cartilage diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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25
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Kania K, Colella F, Riemen AHK, Wang H, Howard KA, Aigner T, Dell'Accio F, Capellini TD, Roelofs AJ, De Bari C. Regulation of Gdf5 expression in joint remodelling, repair and osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:157. [PMID: 31932746 PMCID: PMC6957535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) is a key risk locus for osteoarthritis (OA). However, little is known regarding regulation of Gdf5 expression following joint tissue damage. Here, we employed Gdf5-LacZ reporter mouse lines to assess the spatiotemporal activity of Gdf5 regulatory sequences in experimental OA following destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) and after acute cartilage injury and repair. Gdf5 expression was upregulated in articular cartilage post-DMM, and was increased in human OA cartilage as determined by immunohistochemistry and microarray analysis. Gdf5 expression was also upregulated during cartilage repair in mice and was switched on in injured synovium in prospective areas of cartilage formation, where it inversely correlated with expression of the transcriptional co-factor Yes-associated protein (Yap). Indeed, overexpression of Yap suppressed Gdf5 expression in chondroprogenitors in vitro. Gdf5 expression in both mouse injury models required regulatory sequence downstream of Gdf5 coding exons. Our findings suggest that Gdf5 upregulation in articular cartilage and synovium is a generic response to knee injury that is dependent on downstream regulatory sequence and in progenitors is associated with chondrogenic specification. We propose a role for Gdf5 in tissue remodelling and repair after injury, which may partly underpin its association with OA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kania
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Fabio Colella
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Anna H K Riemen
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Hui Wang
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Aigner
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical Center Coburg, Coburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Dell'Accio
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anke J Roelofs
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Arthritis and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Aberdeen Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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26
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D'Costa S, Rich MJ, Diekman BO. Engineered Cartilage from Human Chondrocytes with Homozygous Knockout of Cell Cycle Inhibitor p21. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 26:441-449. [PMID: 31642391 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease with limited treatment options. The search for disease-modifying OA therapies would benefit from a more comprehensive knowledge of the genetic variants that contribute to chondrocyte dysfunction and the barriers to cartilage regeneration. One goal of this study was to establish a system for producing engineered cartilage tissue from genetically defined primary human chondrocytes through genome editing and single-cell expansion. This process was utilized to investigate the functional effect of biallelic knockout of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. The use of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) CRISPR/Cas9 complexes targeting two sites in the coding region of p21 resulted in a high frequency (16%) of colonies with homozygous p21 knockout. Chondrogenic pellet cultures from expanded chondrocytes with complete loss of p21 produced more glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and maintained a higher cell number. Single-cell-derived colonies retained the potential for robust matrix production after expansion, allowing for analysis of colony variability from the same population of targeted cells. The effect of enhanced cartilage matrix production in p21 knockout chondrocytes persisted when matrix production from individual colonies was analyzed. Chondrocytes had lower levels of p21 protein with further expansion, and the difference in GAG production with p21 knockout was strongest at early passages. These results support previous findings that implicate p21 as a barrier to cartilage matrix production and regenerative capacity. Furthermore, this work establishes the use of genome-edited human chondrocytes as a promising approach for engineered tissue models containing user-defined gene knockouts and other genetic variants for investigation of OA pathogenesis. Impact Statement This work provides two important advances to the field of tissue engineering. One is the demonstration that engineered cartilage tissue can be produced from genetically defined populations of primary human chondrocytes. While CRISPR/Cas-9 genome editing has been extensively used in cell lines that divide indefinitely, this work extends the technique to an engineered tissue model system to support investigation of genetic changes that affect cartilage production. A second contribution is the finding that chondrocytes with p21 knockout synthesized more cartilage matrix tissue than unedited controls. This supports the continued investigation of p21 as a potential barrier to effective cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D'Costa
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew J Rich
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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27
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Rice SJ, Cheung K, Reynard LN, Loughlin J. Discovery and analysis of methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) mapping to novel osteoarthritis genetic risk signals. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1545-1556. [PMID: 31173883 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is polygenic with over 90 independent genome-wide association loci so far reported. A key next step is the identification of target genes and the molecular mechanisms through which this genetic risk operates. The majority of OA risk-conferring alleles are predicted to act by modulating gene expression. DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides may be a functional conduit through which this occurs and is detectable by mapping methylation quantitative trait loci, or mQTLs. This approach can therefore provide functional insight into OA risk and will prioritize genes for subsequent investigation. That was our goal, with a focus on the largest set of OA loci yet to be reported. METHOD We investigated DNA methylation, genotype and RNA sequencing data derived from the cartilage of patients who had undergone arthroplasty and combined this with in silico analyses of expression quantitative trait loci, epigenomes and chromatin interactions. RESULTS We investigated 42 OA risk loci and in ten of these we identified 24 CpGs in which methylation correlated with genotype (false discovery rate (FDR) P-values ranging from 0.049 to 1.73x10-25). In silico analyses of these mQTLs prioritised genes and regulatory elements at the majority of the ten loci, with COLGALT2 (encoding a collagen galactosyltransferase), COL11A2 (encoding a polypeptide chain of type XI collagen) and WWP2 (encoding a ubiquitin ligase active during chondrogenesis) emerging as particularly compelling target genes. CONCLUSION We have highlighted the pivotal role of DNA methylation as a link between genetic risk and OA and prioritized genes for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Rice
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - K Cheung
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Newcastle University, Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - L N Reynard
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - J Loughlin
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation profile identifies differentially methylated loci associated with human intervertebral disc degeneration. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222188. [PMID: 31513634 PMCID: PMC6742346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental and endogenous factors under genetic predisposition are considered to initiate the human intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. DNA methylation is an essential mechanism to ensure cell-specific gene expression for normal development and tissue stability. Aberrant epigenetic alterations play a pivotal role in several diseases, including osteoarthritis. However, epigenetic alternations, including DNA methylation, in IVD degeneration have not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively compare the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of human IVD tissues, specifically nucleus pulpous (NP) tissues, with early and advanced stages of disc degeneration. METHODS Human NP tissues were used in this study. The samples were divided into two groups: early stage degeneration (n = 8, Pfirrmann's MRI grade: I-III) and advanced stage degeneration (n = 8, grade: IV). Genomic DNA was processed for genome-wide DNA methylation profiling using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array. Extraction of raw methylation data, clustering and scatter plot of each group values of each sample were performed using a methylation module in GenomeStudio software. The identification of differentially methylated loci (DMLs) and the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis were performed using R software with the ChAMP package. RESULTS Unsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed that early and advanced stage degenerated IVD samples segregated into two main clusters by their DNA methylome. A total of 220 DMLs were identified between early and advanced disc degeneration stages. Among these, four loci were hypomethylated and 216 loci were hypermethylated in the advanced disc degeneration stage. The GO enrichment analysis of genes containing DMLs identified two significant GO terms for biological processes, hemophilic cell adhesion and cell-cell adhesion. CONCLUSIONS We conducted a genome-wide DNA methylation profile comparative study and observed significant differences in DNA methylation profiles between early and advanced stages of human IVD degeneration. These results implicate DNA methylation in the process of human IVD degeneration.
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29
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Analysis of methylation datasets identified significantly changed genes and functional pathways in osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:3529-3538. [PMID: 31376087 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researches indicate that epigenetics was involved in osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to describe the alterations of DNA methylation in hip and knee OA by comparing DNA methylome of OA cartilage and non-OA samples and to identify novel genes and pathways associated with OA. METHODS We gained two expression profiling datasets (GSE73626 and GSE63695) from the GEO dataset. The RnBeads in R package was used to identify differentially methylated CpG sites. Genes that showed significant differences in DNA methylation between OA and normal control groups underwent functional annotation analysis using the online tool of GeneCodis. Furthermore, we used the Sequenom MassARRAY platform (CapitalBio, Beijing, China) to perform the quantitative methylation analysis. RESULTS A total of 249 hypermethylated sites and 96 hypomethylated sites were obtained from OA samples compared with normal control samples. Functional analysis of differentially methylated genes obtained that embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis, cartilage development, and skeletal system development may be involved in the pathogenesis of OA. Eight genes including HOXB3, HOXB4, HOXB6, HOXC4, HOXC10, HOXD3, TBX3, and TBX5 were identified as potential novel biomarkers for OA. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study found different molecular characteristics between OA patients and normal controls. This may provide new clues to elucidate the pathogenesis of OA.Key Points• Embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis, cartilage development, skeletal system development may be involved in the pathogenesis of OA.• Eight genes are identified as potential novel markers for OA.• Our future in vivo molecular intervention experiments will extend our current findings.
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30
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Choi YR, Collins KH, Lee JW, Kang HJ, Guilak F. Genome Engineering for Osteoarthritis: From Designer Cells to Disease-Modifying Drugs. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:335-343. [PMID: 31413938 PMCID: PMC6675820 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent degenerative joint disease involving joint cartilage and its surrounding tissues. OA is the leading cause of pain and disability worldwide. At present, there are no disease-modifying OA drugs, and the primary therapies include exercise and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs until total joint replacement at the end-stage of the disease. METHODS In this review, we summarized the current state of knowledge in genetic and epigenetic associations and risk factors for OA and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. RESULTS Genome-wide association studies and analysis of epigenetic modifications (such as miRNA expression, DNA methylation and histone modifications) conducted across various populations support the notion that there is a genetic basis for certain subsets of OA pathogenesis. CONCLUSION With recent advances in the development of genome editing technologies such as the CRISPR-Cas9 system, these genetic and epigenetic alternations in OA can be used as platforms from which potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, drug response, and development of potential personalized therapeutic targets for OA can be approached. Furthermore, genome editing has allowed the development of "designer" cells, whereby the receptors, gene regulatory networks, or transgenes can be modified as a basis for new cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Rak Choi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, 4400 Clayton Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Kelsey H. Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, 4400 Clayton Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jung Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children – St. Louis, 4400 Clayton Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Campus Box 8233, McKinley Research Bldg, Room 3121, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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31
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Baghdadi T, Nejadhosseinian M, Shirkoohi R, Mostafavi Tabatabaee R, Tamehri SS, Saffari M, Mortazavi SMJ. DNA hypermethylation of GDF5 in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e887. [PMID: 31338995 PMCID: PMC6732267 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction & Objective Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) is one of the most common congenital skeletal anomalies. Body of evidence suggests that genetic variations in GDF5 are associated with susceptibility to DDH. DDH is a multifactorial disease and its etiology has not been entirely determined. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation could be linked to DDH. In this scheme, we hypothesized that changes in GDF5 DNA methylation could predispose a susceptible individual to DDH. Methods This study consisted of 45 DDH patients and 45 controls with healthy femoral neck cartilage, who underwent hemi‐, or total arthroplasty for the femoral neck fracture. A cartilage sample of 1 cm in diameter and 1 mm in the thickness was obtained for DNA extraction. DNA was extracted and DNA methylation of GDF5 was evaluated by metabisulfite method. Results Methylation analysis showed that the promoter of GDF5 in cartilage samples from DDH patients was hypermethylated in comparison to healthy controls (p = .001). Conclusion Our study showed that the methylation status of the GDF5 in patients with DDH is dysregulated. This dysregulation indicates that adjustment in the methylation might modify the expression of this gene. Since this gene plays an essential role in cartilage and bone development, thus reducing its expression can contribute to the pathogenesis of DDH. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of GDF5 in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghi Baghdadi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.,Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Nejadhosseinian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.,Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Shirkoohi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Mostafavi Tabatabaee
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Seyed S Tamehri
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.,School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mojtaba Saffari
- Department of medical genetics, School of medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - S M Javad Mortazavi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran.,Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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32
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Mohasseb DMF, Saba EKA, Saad NLM, Sarofeem ADH. Genetic Association Between Growth Differentiation Factor 5 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Primary Knee Osteoarthritis in a Group of Egyptian Patients: A Pilot Study. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2019; 30:114-122. [PMID: 32185351 PMCID: PMC7045969 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.30.2.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to determine the genetic association between Growth Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) gene (rs143383 T/C) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a group of Egyptian patients. Patients and Methods The study included 47 patients with primary knee OA and 40 apparently healthy control subjects. The disease was assessed using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Radiological assessment was done by Kellgren-Laurence (K/L) grading system. The genetic association of the SNP with primary knee OA was assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism - polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR). Results The mean total WOMAC index was significantly higher in patients with TT genotype as compared to patients with CC and CT genotypes (P<0.001). Similarly, the HAQ score was significantly higher among patients with TT genotype when compared to patients with CT and CC genotypes (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant association between different GDF5 genotypes and K/L radiological grading of knee OA among the studied patients (P=0.029). No statistically significant association was detected on comparing the frequency distribution of GDF5 alleles and genotypes frequencies of the SNP in patients and healthy controls. Conclusion There is a possible genetic association between GDF5 (rs143383) SNP and severity of primary knee OA, which might facilitate the detection of patients with high risk for disease progression. The present study did not detect an association between the SNP and development of primary knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dia Mohamed Fahmy Mohasseb
- Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Emmanuel Kamal Aziz Saba
- Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | | | - Amira Dimas Hanna Sarofeem
- Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Ministry of Health, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
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33
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Rice SJ, Tselepi M, Sorial AK, Aubourg G, Shepherd C, Almarza D, Skelton AJ, Pangou I, Deehan D, Reynard LN, Loughlin J. Prioritization of PLEC and GRINA as Osteoarthritis Risk Genes Through the Identification and Characterization of Novel Methylation Quantitative Trait Loci. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1285-1296. [PMID: 30730609 PMCID: PMC6790675 DOI: 10.1002/art.40849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) correlating with osteoarthritis (OA) risk alleles and to undertake mechanistic characterization as a means of target gene prioritization. METHODS We used genome-wide genotyping and cartilage DNA methylation array data in a discovery screen of novel OA risk loci. This was followed by methylation, gene expression analysis, and genotyping studies in additional cartilage samples, accompanied by in silico analyses. RESULTS We identified 4 novel OA mQTLs. The most significant mQTL contained 9 CpG sites where methylation correlated with OA risk genotype, with 5 of the CpG sites having P values <1 × 10-10 . The 9 CpG sites reside in an interval of only 7.7 kb within the PLEC gene and form 2 distinct clusters. We were able to prioritize PLEC and the adjacent gene GRINA as independent targets of the OA risk. We identified PLEC and GRINA expression QTLs operating in cartilage, as well as methylation-expression QTLs operating on the 2 genes. GRINA and PLEC also demonstrated differential expression between OA hip and non-OA hip cartilage. CONCLUSION PLEC encodes plectin, a cytoskeletal protein that maintains tissue integrity by regulating intracellular signaling in response to mechanical stimuli. GRINA encodes the ionotropic glutamate receptor TMBIM3 (transmembrane BAX inhibitor 1 motif-containing protein family member 3), which regulates cell survival. Based on our results, we hypothesize that in a joint predisposed to OA, expression of these genes alters in order to combat aberrant biomechanics, and that this is epigenetically regulated. However, carriage of the OA risk-conferring allele at this locus hinders this response and contributes to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Rice
- International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Maria Tselepi
- International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Antony K Sorial
- International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Guillaume Aubourg
- International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Colin Shepherd
- International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Almarza
- International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew J Skelton
- International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ioanna Pangou
- International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Louise N Reynard
- International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John Loughlin
- International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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34
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Cortés-Pereira E, Fernández-Tajes J, Fernández-Moreno M, Vázquez-Mosquera ME, Relaño S, Ramos-Louro P, Durán-Sotuela A, Dalmao-Fernández A, Oreiro N, Blanco FJ, Rego-Pérez I. Differential Association of Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups J and H With the Methylation Status of Articular Cartilage: Potential Role in Apoptosis and Metabolic and Developmental Processes. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1191-1200. [PMID: 30747498 DOI: 10.1002/art.40857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of mitochondrial genome variation on the DNA methylome of articular cartilage. METHODS DNA methylation profiling was performed using data deposited in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database (accession no. GSE43269). Data were obtained for 14 cartilage samples from subjects with haplogroup J and 20 cartilage samples from subjects with haplogroup H. Subsequent validation was performed in an independent subset of 7 subjects with haplogroup J and 9 with haplogroup H by RNA-seq. Correlated genes were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction in an independent cohort of 12 subjects with haplogroup J and 12 with haplogroup H. Appropriate analyses were performed using R Bioconductor and qBasePlus software, and gene ontology analysis was conducted using DAVID version 6.8. RESULTS DNA methylation profiling revealed 538 differentially methylated loci, while whole-transcriptome profiling identified 2,384 differentially expressed genes, between cartilage samples from subjects with haplogroup H and those with haplogroup J. Seventeen genes showed an inverse correlation between methylation and expression. In terms of gene ontology, differences in correlations between methylation and expression were also detected between cartilage from subjects with haplogroup H and those with haplogroup J, highlighting a significantly enhanced apoptotic process in cartilage from subjects with haplogroup H (P = 0.007 for methylation and P = 0.019 for expression) and repressed apoptotic process in cartilage from subjects with haplogroup J (P = 0.021 for methylation), as well as a significant enrichment of genes related to metabolic processes (P = 1.93 × 10-4 for methylation and P = 6.79 x 10-4 for expression) and regulation of gene expression (P = 0.012 for methylation) in cartilage from subjects with haplogroup H, and to developmental processes (P = 0.015 for methylation and P = 8.25 x 10-12 for expression) in cartilage from subjects with haplogroup J. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial DNA variation differentially associates with the methylation status of articular cartilage by acting on key mechanisms involved in osteoarthritis, such as apoptosis and metabolic and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Cortés-Pereira
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), and Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | | | - María E Vázquez-Mosquera
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), and Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sara Relaño
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), and Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Paula Ramos-Louro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), and Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Durán-Sotuela
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), and Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Andrea Dalmao-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), and Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Natividad Oreiro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), and Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), and Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rego-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), and Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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35
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Cohen C, Leal MF, Loyola LC, Santos SEB, Ribeiro-Dos-Santos ÂKC, Belangero PS, Figueiredo EA, Wajnsztejn A, de Oliveira AM, Smith MC, Andreoli CV, de Castro Pochini A, Cohen M, Ejnisman B, Faloppa F. Genetic variants involved in extracellular matrix homeostasis play a role in the susceptibility to frozen shoulder: A case-control study. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:948-956. [PMID: 30667085 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Frozen shoulder is a condition of loss of active and passive motion as result of inflammatory contracture and fibrosis of the joint capsule. We hypothesize that genetic variants in genes involved in these processes such as genes that play a role in extracellular matrix homeostasis (collagens, glycoproteins, genes involved in TGFβ signaling, and metalloproteinases and its inhibitors) may contribute to the susceptibility to frozen shoulder. We evaluated eighteen SNPs of genes involved in extracellular matrix homeostasis in 186 cases (Nfemales = 114; Nmales = 72) of frozen shoulder and 600 age-matched controls (Nfemales = 308; Nmales = 292). Multivariate logistic regressions were carried out with age, gender, genetic ancestry, and common comorbidities as covariates. Carriers of the C allele of MMP13 rs2252070 and G/G MMP9 (rs17576 A>G/rs17577 G>A) haplotype may have an increased risk of frozen shoulder (p = 0.002, OR = 1.64, 95%CI = 1.20-2.26, and p = 0.046, OR = 1.40, 95%CI = 1.01-1.95, respectively), especially in females (p = 0.005, OR = 1.91, 95%CI = 1.22-2.99, and p = 0.046, OR = 1.59, 95%CI = 1.01-2.51, respectively). In females, the G allele of MMP9 rs17576 tended to contribute to the susceptibility to the studied disease (p = 0.05, OR = 1.51, 95%CI = 0.97-2.33). In contrast, the presence of the C allele of TGFB1 rs1800470 seems to be associated with a reduced risk (p = 0.04, OR = 0.47, 95%CI = 0.23-0.96) while the GG-genotype of TGFBR1 rs1590 was associated with increased risk (p = 0.027, OR = 4.11, 95%CI = 1.17-14.38) to frozen shoulder development in males. Thus, we identified genetic variants that were independent risk factors that can aid in the risk assessment of frozen shoulder reinforcing the involvement of MMP and TGFβ signaling in disease development. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Cohen
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana F Leal
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonor C Loyola
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sidney E B Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Ândrea K C Ribeiro-Dos-Santos
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Paulo S Belangero
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Figueiredo
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre Wajnsztejn
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adrielle M de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília C Smith
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos V Andreoli
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Moises Cohen
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Benno Ejnisman
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Faloppa
- Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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36
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Wang H, Lou D, Wang Z. Crosstalk of Genetic Variants, Allele-Specific DNA Methylation, and Environmental Factors for Complex Disease Risk. Front Genet 2019; 9:695. [PMID: 30687383 PMCID: PMC6334214 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of phenotype-associated DNA sequence variants for potential explanations of inter-individual phenotypic differences and disease susceptibility. However, it remains a challenge for translating the associations into causative mechanisms for complex diseases, partially due to the involved variants in the noncoding regions and the inconvenience of functional studies in human population samples. So far, accumulating evidence has suggested a complex crosstalk among genetic variants, allele-specific binding of transcription factors (ABTF), and allele-specific DNA methylation patterns (ASM), as well as environmental factors for disease risk. This review aims to summarize the current studies regarding the interactions of the aforementioned factors with a focus on epigenetic insights. We present two scenarios of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding regions and non-coding regions for disease risk, via potentially impacting epigenetic patterns. While a SNP in a coding region may confer disease risk via altering protein functions, a SNP in non-coding region may cause diseases, via SNP-altering ABTF, ASM, and allele-specific gene expression (ASE). The allelic increases or decreases of gene expression are key for disease risk during development. Such ASE can be achieved via either a "SNP-introduced ABTF to ASM" or a "SNP-introduced ASM to ABTF." Together with our additional in-depth review on insulator CTCF, we are convinced to propose a working model that the small effect of a SNP acts through altered ABTF and/or ASM, for ASE and eventual disease outcome (named as a "SNP intensifier" model). In summary, the significance of complex crosstalk among genetic factors, epigenetic patterns, and environmental factors requires further investigations for disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Wang
- Laboratory of Human Environmental Epigenome, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dan Lou
- Laboratory of Human Environmental Epigenome, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Laboratory of Human Environmental Epigenome, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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37
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Hafsi K, McKay J, Li J, Lana JF, Macedo A, Santos GS, Murrell WD. Nutritional, metabolic and genetic considerations to optimise regenerative medicine outcome for knee osteoarthritis. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2019; 10:2-8. [PMID: 30705524 PMCID: PMC6349648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a multifactorial degenerative disorder of joints, affecting the world's population over the age of 65 and with a higher prevalence in females. KOA is responsible for many age associated joint problems such as stiffness and pain. Conventional methods for managing KOA such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) may not improve pain or alter the disease progression and may have adverse side effects. Non-pharmacological management of OA is fundamental to management of functional limitations and provides effective symptom relief but has not shown that disease progression can be altered. Regenerative medicine is a relatively new approach which aims to induce cellular regeneration and promote self-healing through minimally invasive methods. The use of regenerative medicine slowed the progression of KOA and revealed significant improvements, yet further investigations are required to optimize the outcomes. Nutritional and metabolic aspects such as supplementations, vitamins and minerals were proven to have an impact on the progression of KOA. Genetic variations are rapidly inspected to identify any potential influence of these variations in the predisposition and diagnosis of KOA. Further supporting evidence suggests the potential influence of metabolic, nutritional and genetic aspects in optimizing the outcomes of regenerative medicine in the management of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud Hafsi
- Emirates Integra Medical and Surgery Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Janine McKay
- Emirates Integra Medical and Surgery Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jinjie Li
- Emirates Integra Medical and Surgery Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - José Fábio Lana
- Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem, Indaiatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Macedo
- Instituto do Osso e da Cartilagem, Indaiatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - William D. Murrell
- Emirates Integra Medical and Surgery Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Emirates Healthcare, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Landstuhl Regional Medical Center, Landstuhl, Germany
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38
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Singh P, Marcu KB, Goldring MB, Otero M. Phenotypic instability of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis: on a path to hypertrophy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1442:17-34. [PMID: 30008181 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Articular chondrocytes are quiescent, fully differentiated cells responsible for the homeostasis of adult articular cartilage by maintaining cellular survival functions and the fine-tuned balance between anabolic and catabolic functions. This balance requires phenotypic stability that is lost in osteoarthritis (OA), a disease that affects and involves all joint tissues and especially impacts articular cartilage structural integrity. In OA, articular chondrocytes respond to the accumulation of injurious biochemical and biomechanical insults by shifting toward a degradative and hypertrophy-like state, involving abnormal matrix production and increased aggrecanase and collagenase activities. Hypertrophy is a necessary, transient developmental stage in growth plate chondrocytes that culminates in bone formation; in OA, however, chondrocyte hypertrophy is catastrophic and it is believed to initiate and perpetuate a cascade of events that ultimately result in permanent cartilage damage. Emphasizing changes in DNA methylation status and alterations in NF-κB signaling in OA, this review summarizes the data from the literature highlighting the loss of phenotypic stability and the hypertrophic differentiation of OA chondrocytes as central contributing factors to OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Singh
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Kenneth B Marcu
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Mary B Goldring
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College and Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York
| | - Miguel Otero
- HSS Research Institute, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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39
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Wang Z, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Tian J. Association between GDF5 single nucleotide polymorphism rs143383 and lumbar disc degeneration. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1900-1904. [PMID: 30186416 PMCID: PMC6122412 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs143383 and lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) was investigated. A total of 210 patients with LDD (observation group) and 320 patients without lumbar diseases (control group) diagnosed in Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2013 to March 2017 were randomly selected. Then, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from the blood of each patient, and Taq-man fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique was used to detect rs143383 in GFD5 gene. The frequency of different genotypes in observation group and control group was counted, and the associations between different SNP genotypes and the incidence of LDD were analyzed. Good genotyping results were found in both LDD patient group and control group. There were no significant differences in distribution frequency of TT and TC genotypes at site rs143383 between LDD patient group and control group (P>0.05), but the distribution frequency of CC genotype at site rs143383 in LDD patient group had a statistically significant difference from that in control group (P<0.05). In dominant models, odds ratio (OR) of (TC+CC/TT) was 1.195 (P=0.532). In recessive models, OR of (CC/TT+TC) was 4.333 (P=0.028). In co-dominant models, ORs of (TC/TT) and (CC/TT) were 0.967 and 4.43, respectively (P=0.99). The differences in 3 genotypes showed no statistical significance among different pathological grades (Grade I to V) (χ2=1.034, P=0.998), and there was no statistically significant difference in T and C (χ2=0.012, P=0.999). Pathological grades in dominant models, recessive models and over dominant models were analyzed, and no statistically significant difference was found (P>0.05). In conclusion, CC mutant type at rs143383 in GDF5 gene has a strong association with the incidence of LDD, and a high prevalence risk, but it has no evident correlation with pathological grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The Third People's Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Yuqian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third People's Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third People's Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third People's Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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40
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Song D, Qi W, Lv M, Yuan C, Tian K, Zhang F. Combined bioinformatics analysis reveals gene expression and DNA methylation patterns in osteoarthritis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:8069-8078. [PMID: 29658578 PMCID: PMC5983981 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common type of arthritis, which may cause pain and disability. Alterations in gene expression and DNA methylation have been proven to be associated with the development of OA. The aim of the present study was to identify potential therapeutic targets and associated processes for OA via the combined analysis of gene expression and DNA methylation datasets. The gene expression and DNA methylation profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated sites (DMSs) were identified in the present study, using R programming software. The enriched functions of DEGs and DMSs were obtained via the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. Finally, cross analysis of DEGs and DMSs was performed to identify genes that exhibited differential expression and methylation simultaneously. The protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network of overlaps between DEGs and DMSs was obtained using the Human Protein Reference Database; the topological properties of PPI network overlaps were additionally obtained. Hub genes in the PPI network were further confirmed via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). The results of the present study revealed that the majority of DEGs and DMSs were upregulated and hypomethylated in patients with OA, respectively. DEGs and DMSs were primarily involved in inflammatory, immune and gene expression regulation‑associated processes and pathways. Cross analysis revealed 30 genes that exhibited differential expression and methylation in OA simultaneously. Topological analysis of the PPI network revealed that numerous genes, including G protein subunit α1 (GNAI1), runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and integrin subunit β2 (ITGB2), may be involved in the development of OA. Additionally, RT‑qPCR analysis of GNAI1, RUNX2 and ITGB2 provided further confirmation. Numerous known and novel therapeutic targets were obtained via network analysis. The results of the present study may be beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delei Song
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lv
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Chun Yuan
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Kangsong Tian
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong 255036, P.R. China
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41
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Li H, Zhang X, Cao Y, Hu S, Peng F, Zhou J, Li J. Association between EN1 rs4144782 and susceptibility of knee osteoarthritis: A case-control study. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36650-36657. [PMID: 28430581 PMCID: PMC5482684 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease that affects the whole joint, resulting from the combined influence of biomechanical factors and genetic factors. The heritable component for primary OA accounts for about 60% of variation in population liability to the disease. So far, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and candidate gene studies have established many OA-related loci. However, these findings account for only a rather small fraction of the genetic component. To further reveal the genetic architecture of OA, we conducted this case-control study to explore the association of locus EN1 rs4144782 and knee OA susceptibility in a Chinese population. EN1 rs4144782 was significantly associated with increased risk of knee OA (OR=1.26; 95% CI: 1.05-1.50, P value=0.012). In dominant model, compared with carriers of GG genotype, those with AG or AA genotype have an 1.44-fold increased risk of OA (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.10-1.88; P value=0.008). Subgroup analyses didn't change the results materially. This should be the first association study of EN1 locus on risk of OA, and our finding suggested that the EN1 rs4144782 might contribute to the susceptibility of knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Physiology, Jianghan University, Wuhan Medical College, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jianlin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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42
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Li B, Zhang Y, Li M, Zhao X, Xie H, Guo X, Wang F, Xia H, Chen B. Genetic correction of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells mediated by TALEN targeting the GDF5 gene. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2397-2405. [PMID: 29393424 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells and other associated cell types may be a potential alternative to treat various genetic disorders that currently do not benefit from traditional approaches. Functional recovery of cells could be induced via directional differentiation or genetic manipulation. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from a patient with osteoarthritis (OA) carrying a functional single‑nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs143383, C/T transition) within the 5'‑UTR of growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene. The SNP causes GDF5 expression to be reduced and thus increases OA susceptibility. Aiming to correct the dysfunctional gene, a pair of transcription activator‑like effector nucleases (TALENs) were designed to cleave the DNA around the mutated locus, coupled with a short single stranded DNA complementary to the cleavage site. Following in vitro cell colony formation and selection, two genetically corrected MSC colonies were identified out of a total of 142. These MSCs were induced and differentiated into chondrocytes. As a result, genetically corrected chondrocytes exhibited normal morphology and lower levels of apoptosis compared with cells carrying the SNP. In cultured cells, the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases was suppressed and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 was increased by correction of the mutation. Furthermore, the expression of GDF5 target genes, cell vitality‑associated genes and extracellular matrix degrading genes were returned to normal levels in corrected cells compared with mutation‑carrying cells, indicating the functional recovery of these corrected chondrocytes. The present study demonstrated that TALEN‑mediated genetic correction can be used to edit genes in adipose‑derived MSCs from patients with OA and may have clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Institute of Traumatic Orthopaedics of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Institute of Traumatic Orthopaedics of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Institute of Traumatic Orthopaedics of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Institute of Traumatic Orthopaedics of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Huibin Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Institute of Traumatic Orthopaedics of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoze Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Institute of Traumatic Orthopaedics of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Institute of Traumatic Orthopaedics of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Institute of Traumatic Orthopaedics of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Bei Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Adkar SS, Brunger JM, Willard VP, Wu CL, Gersbach CA, Guilak F. Genome Engineering for Personalized Arthritis Therapeutics. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:917-931. [PMID: 28887050 PMCID: PMC5657581 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arthritis represents a family of complex joint pathologies responsible for the majority of musculoskeletal conditions. Nearly all diseases within this family, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, are chronic conditions with few or no disease-modifying therapeutics available. Advances in genome engineering technology, most recently with CRISPR-Cas9, have revolutionized our ability to interrogate and validate genetic and epigenetic elements associated with chronic diseases such as arthritis. These technologies, together with cell reprogramming methods, including the use of induced pluripotent stem cells, provide a platform for human disease modeling. We summarize new evidence from genome-wide association studies and genomics that substantiates a genetic basis for arthritis pathogenesis. We also review the potential contributions of genome engineering in the development of new arthritis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunak S Adkar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jonathan M Brunger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Cytex Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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Alvarez-Garcia O, Fisch KM, Wineinger NE, Akagi R, Saito M, Sasho T, Su AI, Lotz MK. Increased DNA Methylation and Reduced Expression of Transcription Factors in Human Osteoarthritis Cartilage. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:1876-86. [PMID: 26881698 DOI: 10.1002/art.39643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the methylome of normal and osteoarthritic (OA) knee articular cartilage and to determine the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of gene expression in vitro. METHODS DNA was isolated from human normal (n = 11) and OA (n = 12) knee articular cartilage and analyzed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. To integrate methylation and transcription, RNA sequencing was performed on normal and OA cartilage and validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Functional validation was performed in the human TC28 cell line and primary chondrocytes that were treated with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). RESULTS DNA methylation profiling revealed 929 differentially methylated sites between normal and OA cartilage, comprising a total of 500 individual genes. Among these, 45 transcription factors that harbored differentially methylated sites were identified. Integrative analysis and subsequent validation showed a subset of 6 transcription factors that were significantly hypermethylated and down-regulated in OA cartilage (ATOH8, MAFF, NCOR2, TBX4, ZBTB16, and ZHX2). Upon 5-aza-dC treatment, TC28 cells showed a significant increase in gene expression for all 6 transcription factors. In primary chondrocytes, ATOH8 and TBX4 were increased after 5-aza-dC treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that normal and OA knee articular cartilage have significantly different methylomes. The identification of a subset of epigenetically regulated transcription factors with reduced expression in OA may represent an important mechanism to explain changes in the chondrocyte transcriptome and function during OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryuichiro Akagi
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, and Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Andrew I Su
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Martin K Lotz
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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45
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Do C, Shearer A, Suzuki M, Terry MB, Gelernter J, Greally JM, Tycko B. Genetic-epigenetic interactions in cis: a major focus in the post-GWAS era. Genome Biol 2017. [PMID: 28629478 PMCID: PMC5477265 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on genetic-epigenetic interactions, including the mapping of methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) and haplotype-dependent allele-specific DNA methylation (hap-ASM), have become a major focus in the post-genome-wide-association-study (GWAS) era. Such maps can nominate regulatory sequence variants that underlie GWAS signals for common diseases, ranging from neuropsychiatric disorders to cancers. Conversely, mQTLs need to be filtered out when searching for non-genetic effects in epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS). Sequence variants in CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and transcription factor binding sites have been mechanistically linked to mQTLs and hap-ASM. Identifying these sites can point to disease-associated transcriptional pathways, with implications for targeted treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Do
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Alyssa Shearer
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - John M Greally
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Abstract
Rheumatic diseases follow a characteristic anatomical pattern of joint and organ involvement. This Review explores three interconnected mechanisms that might be involved in the predilection of specific joints for developing specific forms of arthritis: site-specific local cell types that drive disease; systemic triggers that affect local cell types; and site-specific exogenous factors, such as focal mechanical stress, that activate cells locally. The embryonic development of limbs and joints is also relevant to the propensity of certain joints to develop arthritis. Additionally, location-specific homeostasis and disease occurs in skin and blood vessels, thereby extending the concept of site-specificity in human diseases beyond rheumatology. Acknowledging the importance of site-specific parameters increases the complexity of current disease paradigms and brings us closer to understanding why particular disease processes manifest at a particular location.
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Abd Elazeem MI, Abdelaleem EA, Mohamed RA. Genetic influence of growth and differentiation factor 5 gene polymorphism (+104T/C) on the development of knee osteoarthritis and its association with disease severity. Eur J Rheumatol 2017. [PMID: 28638680 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.160093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) gene is recognized for its role in the development, repair, and maintenance of cartilage and bone. The present case-control study was conducted to detect the genetic association between GDF5 (+104T/C) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and primary knee osteoarthritis (KOA), as well as the possible association of SNP with the severity of KOA. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 50 patients with primary KOA and 50 healthy control subjects. The severity of the disease was assessed by using the Kellgren-Laurence (K-L) grading system and aided by the Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and tenderness score. The genetic association of the SNP with primary KOA was assessed by means of the TaqMan® allelic discrimination technique. RESULTS The radiological assessment of patients according to the K-L grading system revealed a statistically significant association between the wild-type (TT) genotype and disease severity in both the right and left knees (p=0.049). The frequency distribution of patients with VAS score ≤6 was significantly higher in patients carrying the TT genotype (p=0.005) as compared to the CT and CC genotypes. The mean WOMAC score was significantly higher in patients carrying the TT genotype as compared to patients carrying the CC and CT genotypes (p=0.017). No statistically significant association was detected on comparing the frequency distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the SNP in patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSION The results of the current study revealed a possible genetic association between GDF5 (+104T/C) SNP and the severity of KOA, which might be of benefit for the detection of patients with a high risk for disease progression. The present study did not detect an association between the SNP and development of KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat I Abd Elazeem
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Beni-Suef University School of Medicine, Beni-Suef University Hospital, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Enas Abolkheir Abdelaleem
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Beni-Suef University School of Medicine, Beni-Suef University Hospital, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rabab A Mohamed
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Beni-Suef University School of Medicine, Beni-Suef University Hospital, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Ratnayake M, Tselepi M, Bloxham R, Plöger F, Reynard LN, Loughlin J. A consistent and potentially exploitable response during chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells from osteoarthritis patients to the protein encoded by the susceptibility gene GDF5. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176523. [PMID: 28481944 PMCID: PMC5421763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterised by the focal loss of the protective cartilage layer at the ends of the bones. It is painful, disabling, multifactorial and polygenic. The growth differentiation factor 5 gene GDF5 was one of the first reported OA susceptibility signals that showed consistent association to OA, with the transcript single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs143383 demonstrating association in Asians and Europeans. The functional effect of the signal is reduced expression of the gene. The GDF5 protein is an extracellular matrix signalling molecule that is active during chondrogenesis and in mature chondrocytes. Due to the functional impact of the susceptibility, we previously assessed the effect of supplementing chondrocytes from OA patients with exogenous GDF5. Their response was highly discordant, precluding the application of GDF5 as a simple means of attenuating the genetic deficit. Since GDF5 is also active during development, we have now assessed the effect of exogenous GDF5 on bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are undergoing chondrogenesis during cartilage disc formation. MSCs from healthy donors and OA patients were studied and the effect of GDF5 was assessed by measuring the wet mass of the discs, by histological staining, and by monitoring the change in expression of anabolic, catabolic and hypertrophic protein-coding genes. The MSCs expressed the three principal GDF5 receptor genes and responded in a significantly anabolic manner (increase in wet mass, p = 0.0022; Bonferroni corrected p = 0.018) to a variant form of GDF5 that targets the most abundantly expressed receptor, BMPR-IA. GDF5 elicited significant (p < 0.05) changes in the expression of anabolic, catabolic and hypertrophic genes with several consistent effects in healthy donors and in OA patients. Our data implies that, unlike OA chondrocytes, OA MSCs do respond in a predictable, anabolic manner to GDF5, which could therefore provide a route to modulate the genetic deficit mediated by the rs143383 association signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhushika Ratnayake
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Tselepi
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert Bloxham
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Louise N. Reynard
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John Loughlin
- Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Zhao L, Wang Q, Zhang C, Huang C. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of articular chondrocytes identifies TRAF1, CTGF, and CX3CL1 genes as hypomethylated in osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:2335-2342. [PMID: 28470428 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify osteoarthritis (OA)-associated differentially methylated genes in human articular chondrocytes from patients with OA. DNA methylation profiling of articular chondrocytes from OA patients, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and controls was performed, and candidate genes were chosen for validation of gene demethylation status. The mRNA expression levels of candidate genes in chondrocytes were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Chondrocytes from OA and RA group were treated with 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), and then the mRNA expression levels were detected. Forty-five genes with significant methylation differences between OA and control group were identified. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1(CX3CL1) genes were hypomethylated in chondrocytes of OA and RA patients, which verified by bisulfite sequencing analysis. The mRNA expression level of TRAF1 and CTGF was significantly increased in OA and RA group (p < 0.05), while the expression level of CX3CL1 was only increased in OA group (p < 0.05). For the chondrocytes from OA and RA treated with 5-Aza, the mRNA expression level of TRAF1 and CTGF was highly increased (p < 0.05). It is the first time to show that TRAF1, CTGF, and CX3CL1 genes were hypomethylated in OA chondrocytes and have a consistent correlation with mRNA expression, which suggests that epigenetic changes in the methylation status of TRAF1, CTGF, and CX3CL1 contribute to the pathology of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Like Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Cibo Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, No. 1 Da Hua Road, Dong Dan, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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50
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Little D. Who or what controls tendon? J Orthop Res 2017; 35:944-946. [PMID: 28012199 PMCID: PMC5579410 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dianne Little
- Departments of Basic Medical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Purdue College of Veterinary Medicine, Lynn Hall, 625 Harrison St, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2026, Telephone: (765) 494 9307, Fax: (765) 494 0781
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