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Shafique A, Nadeem A, Aslam F, Manzoor H, Noman M, Wohler E, Witmer PD, Sobreira N, Naz S. Identification and analyses of exonic and copy number variants in spastic paraplegia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14331. [PMID: 38906889 PMCID: PMC11192879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias are a diverse group of degenerative disorders that are clinically categorized as isolated; with involvement of lower limb spasticity, or symptomatic, where spastic paraplegia is complicated by further neurological features. We sought to identify the underlying genetic causes of these disorders in the participating patients. Three consanguineous families with multiple affected members were identified by visiting special schools in the Punjab Province. DNA was extracted from blood samples of the participants. Exome sequencing was performed for selected patients from the three families, and the data were filtered to identify rare homozygous variants. ExomeDepth was used for the delineation of the copy number variants. All patients had varying degrees of intellectual disabilities, poor speech development, spasticity, a wide-based gait or an inability to walk and hypertonia. In family RDHR07, a homozygous deletion involving multiple exons and introns of SPG11 (NC000015.9:g.44894055_449028del) was found and correlated with the phenotype of the patients who had spasticity and other complex movement disorders, but not those who exhibited ataxic or indeterminate symptoms as well. In families ANMD03 and RDFA06, a nonsense variant, c.985C > T;(p.Arg329Ter) in DDHD2 and a frameshift insertion‒deletion variant of AP4B1, c.965-967delACTinsC;p.(Tyr322SerfsTer14), were identified which were homozygous in the patients while the obligate carriers in the respective pedigrees were heterozygous. All variants were ultra-rare with none, or very few carriers identified in the public databases. The three loss of function variants are likely to cause nonsense-mediated decay of the respective transcripts. Our research adds to the genetic variability associated with the SPG11 and AP4B1 variants and emphasizes the genetic heterogeneity of hereditary spastic paraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Shafique
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Nadeem
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Aslam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Humera Manzoor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Noman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Elizabeth Wohler
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Baylor Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Dane Witmer
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Baylor Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nara Sobreira
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Baylor Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sadaf Naz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
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Garg V, Geurten BRH. Diving deep: zebrafish models in motor neuron degeneration research. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1424025. [PMID: 38966756 PMCID: PMC11222423 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1424025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the dynamic landscape of biomedical science, the pursuit of effective treatments for motor neuron disorders like hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) remains a key priority. Central to this endeavor is the development of robust animal models, with the zebrafish emerging as a prime candidate. Exhibiting embryonic transparency, a swift life cycle, and significant genetic and neuroanatomical congruencies with humans, zebrafish offer substantial potential for research. Despite the difference in locomotion-zebrafish undulate while humans use limbs, the zebrafish presents relevant phenotypic parallels to human motor control disorders, providing valuable insights into neurodegenerative diseases. This review explores the zebrafish's inherent traits and how they facilitate profound insights into the complex behavioral and cellular phenotypes associated with these disorders. Furthermore, we examine recent advancements in high-throughput drug screening using the zebrafish model, a promising avenue for identifying therapeutically potent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vranda Garg
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Wei Q, Yu H, Wang P, Xie J, Dong H, Wu Z, Li H. Biallelic variants in the COQ4 gene caused hereditary spastic paraplegia predominant phenotype. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14529. [PMID: 38013626 PMCID: PMC11017416 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of upper motor neurons. Homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in COQ4 have been reported to cause primary CoQ10 deficiency-7 (COQ10D7), which is a mitochondrial disease. AIMS We aimed to screened COQ4 variants in a cohort of HSP patients. METHODS A total of 87 genetically unidentified HSP index patients and their available family members were recruited. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in all probands. Functional studies were performed to identify the pathogenicity of those uncertain significance variants. RESULTS In this study, five different COQ4 variants were identified in three Chinese HSP pedigrees and two variants were novel, c.87dupT (p.Arg30*), c.304C>T (p.Arg102Cys). More importantly, we firstly described two early-onset pure HSP caused by COQ4 variants. Functional studies in patient-derived fibroblast lines revealed a reduction cellular CoQ10 levels and the abnormal mitochondrial structure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that bilateral variants in the COQ4 gene caused HSP predominant phenotype, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of the COQ4-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Pei‐Shan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Juan‐Juan Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hai‐Lin Dong
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhi‐Ying Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Nanhu Brain‐computer Interface InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Hong‐Fu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Center for Rare Diseases, and Department of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Cao Y, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Yao L, Tian W, Cao L. Clinical and Genetic Spectrum in a Large Cohort of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Mov Disord 2024; 39:651-662. [PMID: 38291924 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing-based molecular assessment has benefited the diagnosis of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) subtypes. However, the clinical and genetic spectrum of HSP due to large fragment deletions/duplications has yet to be fully defined. OBJECTIVE We aim to better characterize the clinical phenotypes and genetic features of HSP and to provide new thoughts on diagnosis. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in patients with clinically suspected HSP, followed by multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) sequentially carried out for those with negative findings in known causative genes. Genotype-phenotype correlation analyses were conducted under specific genotypes. RESULTS We made a genetic diagnosis in 60% (162/270) of patients, of whom 48.9% (132/270) had 24 various subtypes due to point mutations (SPG4/SPG11/SPG35/SPG7/SPG10/SPG5/SPG3A/SPG2/SPG76/SPG30/SPG6/SPG9A/SPG12/SPG15/SPG17/SPG18/SPG26/SPG49/SPG55/SPG56/SPG57/SPG62/SPG78/SPG80). Thirty patients were found to have causative rearrangements by MLPA (11.1%), among which SPG4 was the most prevalent (73.3%), followed by SPG3A (16.7%), SPG6 (3.3%), SPG7 (3.3%), and SPG11 (3.3%). Clinical analysis showed that some symptoms were often related to specific subtypes, and rearrangement-related SPG3A patients seemingly had later onset. We observed a presumptive anticipation among SPG4 and SPG3A families due to rearrangement. CONCLUSIONS Based on the largest known Asian HSP cohort, including the largest subgroup of rearrangement-related pedigrees, we gain a comprehensive understanding of the clinical and genetic spectrum of HSP. We propose a diagnostic flowchart to sequentially detect the causative genes in practice. Large fragment mutations account for a considerable proportion of HSP, and thus, MLPA screening acts as a beneficial supplement to routine WES. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Anhui Province, Suzhou, China
| | - Wotu Tian
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China
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Lim JH, Kang HM, Kim DH, Jeong B, Lee DY, Lee JR, Baek JY, Cho HS, Son MY, Kim DS, Kim NS, Jung CR. ARL6IP1 gene delivery reduces neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative pathology in hereditary spastic paraplegia model. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230367. [PMID: 37934410 PMCID: PMC10630151 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ARL6IP1 is implicated in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), but the specific pathogenic mechanism leading to neurodegeneration has not been elucidated. Here, we clarified the molecular mechanism of ARL6IP1 in HSP using in vitro and in vivo models. The Arl6ip1 knockout (KO) mouse model was generated to represent the clinically involved frameshift mutations and mimicked the HSP phenotypes. Notably, in vivo brain histopathological analysis revealed demyelination of the axon and neuroinflammation in the white matter, including the corticospinal tract. In in vitro experiments, ARL6IP1 silencing caused cell death during neuronal differentiation and mitochondrial dysfunction by dysregulated autophagy. ARL6IP1 localized on mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) to maintain endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial homeostasis via direct interaction with LC3B and BCl2L13. ARL6IP1 played a crucial role in connecting the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria as a member of MAMs. ARL6IP1 gene therapy reduced HSP phenotypes and restored pathophysiological changes in the Arl6ip1 KO model. Our results established that ARL6IP1 could be a potential target for HSP gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Lim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hun Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyeon Jeong
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yong Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ran Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeob Baek
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Soo Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Awuah WA, Tan JK, Shkodina AD, Ferreira T, Adebusoye FT, Mazzoleni A, Wellington J, David L, Chilcott E, Huang H, Abdul-Rahman T, Shet V, Atallah O, Kalmanovich J, Jiffry R, Madhu DE, Sikora K, Kmyta O, Delva MY. Hereditary spastic paraplegia: Novel insights into the pathogenesis and management. SAGE Open Med 2023; 12:20503121231221941. [PMID: 38162912 PMCID: PMC10757446 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231221941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder characterised primarily by muscle stiffness in the lower limbs. Neurodegenerative disorders are conditions that result from cellular and metabolic abnormalities, many of which have strong genetic ties. While ageing is a known contributor to these changes, certain neurodegenerative disorders can manifest early in life, progressively affecting a person's quality of life. Hereditary spastic paraplegia is one such condition that can appear in individuals of any age. In hereditary spastic paraplegia, a distinctive feature is the degeneration of long nerve fibres in the corticospinal tract of the lower limbs. This degeneration is linked to various cellular and metabolic processes, including mitochondrial dysfunction, remodelling of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, autophagy, abnormal myelination processes and alterations in lipid metabolism. Additionally, hereditary spastic paraplegia affects processes like endosome membrane trafficking, oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms. Disease-causing genetic loci and associated genes influence the progression and severity of hereditary spastic paraplegia, potentially affecting various cellular and metabolic functions. Although hereditary spastic paraplegia does not reduce a person's lifespan, it significantly impairs their quality of life as they age, particularly with more severe symptoms. Regrettably, there are currently no treatments available to halt or reverse the pathological progression of hereditary spastic paraplegia. This review aims to explore the metabolic mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of hereditary spastic paraplegia, emphasising the interactions of various genes identified in recent network studies. By comprehending these associations, targeted molecular therapies that address these biochemical processes can be developed to enhance treatment strategies for hereditary spastic paraplegia and guide clinical practice effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anastasiia D Shkodina
- Department of Neurological Diseases, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
| | - Tomas Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Adele Mazzoleni
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Jack Wellington
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Lian David
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Ellie Chilcott
- Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Helen Huang
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Vallabh Shet
- Faculty of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Karnataka, India
| | - Oday Atallah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Riaz Jiffry
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Mykhailo Yu Delva
- Department of Neurological Diseases, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine
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Waung MW, Ma F, Wheeler AG, Zai CC, So J. The Diagnostic Landscape of Adult Neurogenetic Disorders. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1459. [PMID: 38132285 PMCID: PMC10740572 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenetic diseases affect individuals across the lifespan, but accurate diagnosis remains elusive for many patients. Adults with neurogenetic disorders often undergo a long diagnostic odyssey, with multiple specialist evaluations and countless investigations without a satisfactory diagnostic outcome. Reasons for these diagnostic challenges include: (1) clinical features of neurogenetic syndromes are diverse and under-recognized, particularly those of adult-onset, (2) neurogenetic syndromes may manifest with symptoms that span multiple neurological and medical subspecialties, and (3) a positive family history may not be present or readily apparent. Furthermore, there is a large gap in the understanding of how to apply genetic diagnostic tools in adult patients, as most of the published literature focuses on the pediatric population. Despite these challenges, accurate genetic diagnosis is imperative to provide affected individuals and their families guidance on prognosis, recurrence risk, and, for an increasing number of disorders, offer targeted treatment. Here, we provide a framework for recognizing adult neurogenetic syndromes, describe the current diagnostic approach, and highlight studies using next-generation sequencing in different neurological disease cohorts. We also discuss diagnostic pitfalls, barriers to achieving a definitive diagnosis, and emerging technology that may increase the diagnostic yield of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie W. Waung
- Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fion Ma
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Allison G. Wheeler
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Clement C. Zai
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Science, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Science, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Joyce So
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Mahungu AC, Steyn E, Floudiotis N, Wilson LA, Vandrovcova J, Reilly MM, Record CJ, Benatar M, Wu G, Raga S, Wilmshurst JM, Naidu K, Hanna M, Nel M, Heckmann JM. The mutational profile in a South African cohort with inherited neuropathies and spastic paraplegia. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1239725. [PMID: 37712079 PMCID: PMC10497947 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1239725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Limited diagnostics are available for inherited neuromuscular diseases (NMD) in South Africa and (excluding muscle disease) are mainly aimed at the most frequent genes underlying genetic neuropathy (GN) and spastic ataxias in Europeans. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing to screen 61 probands with GN, hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), and spastic ataxias for a genetic diagnosis. Methods After identifying four GN probands with PMP22 duplication and one spastic ataxia proband with SCA1, the remaining probands underwent whole exome (n = 26) or genome sequencing (n = 30). The curation of coding/splice region variants using gene panels was guided by allele frequencies from internal African-ancestry control genomes (n = 537) and the Clinical Genome Resource's Sequence Variant Interpretation guidelines. Results Of 32 GN probands, 50% had African-genetic ancestry, and 44% were solved: PMP22 (n = 4); MFN2 (n = 3); one each of MORC2, ATP1A1, ADPRHL2, GJB1, GAN, MPZ, and ATM. Of 29 HSP probands (six with predominant ataxia), 66% had African-genetic ancestry, and 48% were solved: SPG11 (n = 3); KIF1A (n = 2); and one each of SPAST, ATL1, SPG7, PCYT2, PSEN1, ATXN1, ALDH18A1, CYP7B1, and RFT1. Structural variants in SPAST, SPG11, SPG7, MFN2, MPZ, KIF5A, and GJB1 were excluded by computational prediction and manual visualisation. Discussion In this preliminary cohort screening panel of disease genes using WES/WGS data, we solved ~50% of cases, which is similar to diagnostic yields reported for global cohorts. However, the mutational profile among South Africans with GN and HSP differs substantially from that in the Global North.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amokelani C. Mahungu
- Neurology Research Group, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Steyn
- Neurology Research Group, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Niki Floudiotis
- Neurology Research Group, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lindsay A. Wilson
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary M. Reilly
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Record
- Department of Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square UCL Institute of Neurology and the National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Gang Wu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sharika Raga
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jo M. Wilmshurst
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Paediatric Neurology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kireshnee Naidu
- Neurology Research Group, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Hanna
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Nel
- Neurology Research Group, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeannine M. Heckmann
- Neurology Research Group, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Diquigiovanni C, Rizzardi N, Kampmeier A, Liparulo I, Bianco F, De Nicolo B, Cataldi-Stagetti E, Cuna E, Severi G, Seri M, Bertrand M, Haack TB, Marina AD, Braun F, Fato R, Kuechler A, Bergamini C, Bonora E. Mutant SPART causes defects in mitochondrial protein import and bioenergetics reversed by Coenzyme Q. Open Biol 2023; 13:230040. [PMID: 37433330 PMCID: PMC10335854 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in SPART cause Troyer syndrome, characterized by lower extremity spasticity and weakness, short stature and cognitive impairment, and a severe mitochondrial impairment. Herein, we report the identification of a role of Spartin in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. SPART biallelic missense variants were detected in a 5-year-old boy with short stature, developmental delay and muscle weakness with impaired walking distance. Patient-derived fibroblasts showed an altered mitochondrial network, decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and altered Ca2+ versus control cells. We investigated the mitochondrial import of nuclear-encoded proteins in these fibroblasts and in another cell model carrying a SPART loss-of-function mutation. In both cell models the mitochondrial import was impaired, leading to a significant decrease in different proteins, including two key enzymes involved in CoQ10 (CoQ) synthesis, COQ7 and COQ9, with a severe reduction in CoQ content, versus control cells. CoQ supplementation restored cellular ATP levels to the same extent shown by the re-expression of wild-type SPART, suggesting CoQ treatment as a promising therapeutic approach for patients carrying mutations in SPART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Diquigiovanni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Antje Kampmeier
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Irene Liparulo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Bianca De Nicolo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Erica Cataldi-Stagetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Cuna
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Giulia Severi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
| | - Miriam Bertrand
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Adela Della Marina
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Frederik Braun
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders, Centre for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Elena Bonora
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy
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10
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Morikawa T, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Moriyama K, Hattori G, Fujioka R, Miura S, Shibata H. Oleic Acid-Containing Phosphatidylinositol Is a Blood Biomarker Candidate for SPG28. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041092. [PMID: 37189713 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a genetic neurological disorder characterized by spasticity of the lower limbs, and spastic paraplegia type 28 is one of its subtypes. Spastic paraplegia type 28 is a hereditary neurogenerative disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance caused by loss of function of DDHD1. DDHD1 encodes phospholipase A1, which catalyzes phospholipids to lysophospholipids such as phosphatidic acids and phosphatidylinositols to lysophosphatidic acids and lysophoshatidylinositols. Quantitative changes in these phospholipids can be key to the pathogenesis of SPG28, even at subclinical levels. By lipidome analysis using plasma from mice, we globally examined phospholipids to identify molecules showing significant quantitative changes in Ddhd1 knockout mice. We then examined reproducibility of the quantitative changes in human sera including SPG28 patients. We identified nine kinds of phosphatidylinositols that show significant increases in Ddhd1 knockout mice. Of these, four kinds of phosphatidylinositols replicated the highest level in the SPG28 patient serum. All four kinds of phosphatidylinositols contained oleic acid. This observation suggests that the amount of oleic acid-containing PI was affected by loss of function of DDHD1. Our results also propose the possibility of using oleic acid-containing PI as a blood biomarker for SPG28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Morikawa
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kosei Moriyama
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1, Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan
| | - Gohsuke Hattori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-Machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ryuta Fujioka
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Beppu University Junior College, 82, Kitaishigaki, Oita 874-8501, Japan
| | - Shiroh Miura
- Department of Neurology and Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 454, Shitsukawa, Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibata
- Division of Genomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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11
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Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylase and 2-Hydroxylated Sphingolipids: Metabolism and Function in Health and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054908. [PMID: 36902339 PMCID: PMC10002949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids containing acyl residues that are hydroxylated at C-2 are found in most, if not all, eukaryotes and certain bacteria. 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids are present in many organs and cell types, though they are especially abundant in myelin and skin. The enzyme fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H) is involved in the synthesis of many but not all 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids. Deficiency in FA2H causes a neurodegenerative disease known as hereditary spastic paraplegia 35 (HSP35/SPG35) or fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration (FAHN). FA2H likely also plays a role in other diseases. A low expression level of FA2H correlates with a poor prognosis in many cancers. This review presents an updated overview of the metabolism and function of 2-hydroxylated sphingolipids and the FA2H enzyme under physiological conditions and in diseases.
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12
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Sabanathan S, Gulhane D, Mankad K, Davison J, Ong MT, Phadke R, Robinson R, Spiller M, Wakeling E, Ramdas S, Brady AF, Balasubramanian M, Munot P. Expanding the phenotype of children presenting with hypoventilation with biallelic TBCK pathogenic variants and literature review. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:50-57. [PMID: 36522252 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with biallelic TBCK pathogenic variants present in infancy with distinctive facial features, profound hypotonia, severe intellectual impairment and epilepsy. Although rare, it may mimic other neurogenetic disorders leading to extensive investigations. Improved understanding of the clinical phenotype can support early monitoring of complications due to respiratory insufficiency. We present six individuals who were found to have pathogenic biallelic TBCK variants. The clinico-radiological and diagnostic records were reviewed. Five individuals were diagnosed with hypoventilation, requiring respiratory support, highlighting the need for early respiratory surveillance. Characteristic brain imaging in our cohort included periventricular leukomalacia-like changes. We recommend screening for TBCK in hypotonic children with periventricular leukomalacia-like changes, particularly in the absence of prematurity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepti Gulhane
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - James Davison
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Min Tsui Ong
- Department of Neurology, Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rahul Phadke
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Robert Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael Spiller
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emma Wakeling
- North East Thames Regional Genetic Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Sithara Ramdas
- MDUK neuromuscular centre, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela F Brady
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Northwick Park Hospital, Middlesex, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Meena Balasubramanian
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Clinical Genetics Service, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Pinki Munot
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK.
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13
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Turski GN, Turski CA, Grobe-Einsler M, Kobeleva X, Turski JS, Holz FG, Finger RP, Klockgether T. Retinal ganglion cell and microvascular density loss in hereditary spastic paraplegia. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2023; 41:229-239. [PMID: 38217556 PMCID: PMC10894562 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-231380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Background Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is characterized by progressive degeneration of distal axons in the long corticospinal tracts. Loss of retinal cells and microvascular networks has neither been suspected nor investigated. We concurrently examined the retinal microvasculature and retinal layer morphology in patients with HSP to assess whether retinal features may portray disease and its progression. Methods Fifteen patients with HSP and 30 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional case-control study. Disease severity was assessed with the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS). Severity of ataxia was determined by the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA). Retinal microvasculature was measured by means of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and morphology of retinal layers using structural OCT. Mixed-effects models were applied for data analysis. Results HSP patients showed significantly reduced vessel density of the superficial vascular plexus (SVP), reduced ganglion cell layer (GCL) volume, reduced inner plexiform layer (IPL) volume and reduced temporal-inferior peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness versus healthy controls. GCL volume reduction correlated significantly with the worsening of visual acuity and higher SARA scores. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that, in HSP both cells and vascular networks of the retina are compromised. Assessment of the retinal GCL, IPL and SVP may aid in diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression as well as provide novel structural outcome measures for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle N. Turski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Christopher A. Turski
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Marcus Grobe-Einsler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xenia Kobeleva
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Frank G. Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Klockgether
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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14
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Yu W, He J, Liu X, Wu J, Cai X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Fan D. Clinical features and genetic spectrum of Chinese patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia: A 14-year study. Front Genet 2023; 14:1085442. [PMID: 36923789 PMCID: PMC10008886 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1085442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) constitutes a group of clinically and genetically rare neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive corticospinal tract degeneration. The phenotypes and genotypes of HSP are still expanding. In this study, we aimed to analyse the differential diagnosis, clinical features, and genetic distributions of a Chinese HSP patients in a 14-year cohort and to improve our understanding of the disease. Methods: The clinical data of patients with a primary diagnosis of HSP at the initial visit to the Department of the Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, from 2008 to 2022 were retrospectively collected. Next-generation sequencing gene panels (NGS) combined with a multiplex ligation-amplification assay (MLPA) were conducted. Epidemiological and clinical features and candidate variants in HSP-related genes were analyzed and summarized. Results: 54 cases (probands from 25 different pedigrees and 29 sporadic cases) from 95 patients with a primary diagnosis of HSP were finally confirmed to have a clinical diagnosis of HSP based on clinical criteria, including their clinical findings, family history and long-term follow-up. Earlier disease onset was associated with longer diagnostic delay and longer disease duration and was associated with a lower risk of loss of ability to walk independently. In addition, 20 candidate variants in reported HSP-related genes were identified in these clinically diagnosed HSP patients, including variants in SPAST, ALT1, WASHC5, SPG11, B4GALNT1, and REEP1. The genetic diagnostic rate in these 54 patients was 35.18%. Conclusion: Hereditary spastic paraplegia has high clinical and genetic heterogeneity and is prone to misdiagnosis. Long-term follow-up and genetic testing can partially assist in diagnosing HSP. Our study summarized the clinical features of Chinese HSP patients in a 14-year cohort, expanded the genotype spectrum, and improved our understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ji He
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jieying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiying Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingshuang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, National Health Commission, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Costamagna D, Casters V, Beltrà M, Sampaolesi M, Van Campenhout A, Ortibus E, Desloovere K, Duelen R. Autologous iPSC-Derived Human Neuromuscular Junction to Model the Pathophysiology of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Cells 2022; 11:3351. [PMID: 36359747 PMCID: PMC9655384 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of genetic neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness resulting from retrograde axonal degeneration of motor neurons (MNs). Here, we generated in vitro human neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) from five HSP patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines, by means of microfluidic strategy, to model disease-relevant neuropathologic processes. The strength of our NMJ model lies in the generation of lower MNs and myotubes from autologous hiPSC origin, maintaining the genetic background of the HSP patient donors in both cell types and in the cellular organization due to the microfluidic devices. Three patients characterized by a mutation in the SPG3a gene, encoding the ATLASTIN GTPase 1 protein, and two patients with a mutation in the SPG4 gene, encoding the SPASTIN protein, were included in this study. Differentiation of the HSP-derived lines gave rise to lower MNs that could recapitulate pathological hallmarks, such as axonal swellings with accumulation of Acetyl-α-TUBULIN and reduction of SPASTIN levels. Furthermore, NMJs from HSP-derived lines were lower in number and in contact point complexity, denoting an impaired NMJ profile, also confirmed by some alterations in genes encoding for proteins associated with microtubules and responsible for axonal transport. Considering the complexity of HSP, these patient-derived neuronal and skeletal muscle cell co-cultures offer unique tools to study the pathologic mechanisms and explore novel treatment options for rescuing axonal defects and diverse cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, intracellular motility and protein degradation in HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domiziana Costamagna
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Casters
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Beltrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anja Van Campenhout
- Locomotor and Neurological Disorder, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Ortibus
- Locomotor and Neurological Disorder, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Research Group for Neurorehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Duelen
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Fan S, Liu H, Li L. The REEP family of proteins: molecular targets and role in pathophysiology. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106477. [PMID: 36191880 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Receptor expression-enhancing proteins (REEPs) are an evolutionarily conserved protein family that is pivotal to the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The REEP family can be classified into two major subfamilies in higher species, the REEP1-4 and REEP5-6 subfamilies. Within the REEP1-4 subfamily, REEP1 and REEP2 are closely related, and REEP3 and REEP4 are similarly related. The REEP family is widely distributed in various tissues. Recent studies indicate that the REEP family is involved in many pathological and physiological processes, such as ER morphogenesis and remodeling, microtubule cytoskeleton regulation, and the trafficking and expression of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Moreover, the REEP family plays crucial roles in the occurrence and development of many diseases, including neurological diseases, diabetes, retinal diseases, cardiac diseases, infertility, obesity, oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (OJIA), COVID-19, and cancer. In the present review, we describe the distribution and structure of the REEP family. Furthermore, we summarize the functions and the associated diseases of this family. Based on the pleiotropic actions of the REEP family, the study of its family members is crucial to understanding the relevant pathophysiological processes and developing strategies to modulate and control these related diseases. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIAL: The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Fan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Huimei Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of tumor microenvironment responsive drug research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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17
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Regensburger M, Spatz IT, Ollenschläger M, Martindale CF, Lindeburg P, Kohl Z, Eskofier B, Klucken J, Schüle R, Klebe S, Winkler J, Gaßner H. Inertial Gait Sensors to Measure Mobility and Functioning in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: A Cross-sectional Multicenter Clinical Study. Neurology 2022; 99:e1079-e1089. [PMID: 35667840 PMCID: PMC9519248 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) causes progressive spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs. As neurologic examination and the clinical Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale (SPRS) are subject to potential patient-dependent and clinician-dependent bias, instrumented gait analysis bears the potential to objectively quantify impaired gait. The aim of this study was to investigate gait cyclicity parameters by application of a mobile gait analysis system in a cross-sectional cohort of patients with HSP and a longitudinal fast progressing subcohort. METHODS Using wearable sensors attached to the shoes, patients with HSP and controls performed a 4 × 10 m walking test during regular visits in 3 outpatient centers. Patients were also rated according to the SPRS, and in a subset, questionnaires on quality of life and fear of falling were obtained. An unsupervised segmentation algorithm was used to extract stride parameters and respective coefficients of variation. RESULTS Mobile gait analysis was performed in a total of 112 ambulatory patients with HSP and 112 age-matched and sex-matched controls. Although swing time was unchanged compared with controls, there were significant increases in the duration of the total stride phase and the duration of the stance phase, both regarding absolute values and coefficients of variation values. Although stride parameters did not correlate with age, weight, or height of the patients, there were significant associations of absolute stride parameters with single SPRS items reflecting impaired mobility (|r| > 0.50), with patients' quality of life (|r| > 0.44), and notably with disease duration (|r| > 0.27). Sensor-derived coefficients of variation, on the other hand, were associated with patient-reported fear of falling (|r| > 0.41) and cognitive impairment (|r| > 0.40). In a small 1-year follow-up analysis of patients with complicated HSP and fast progression, the absolute values of mobile gait parameters had significantly worsened compared with baseline. DISCUSSION The presented wearable sensor system provides parameters of stride characteristics which seem clinically valid to reflect gait impairment in HSP. Owing to the feasibility regarding time, space, and costs, this study forms the basis for larger scale longitudinal and interventional studies in HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Regensburger
- From the Department of Molecular Neurology (M.R., I.T.S., M.O., Z.K., J.K., J.W., H.G.), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER) (M.R., Z.K., J.W., H.G.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (M.O., C.F.M., B.E.), Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Neurology (P.L., S.K.), University Hospital Essen; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (R.S.), Tübingen; and Fraunhofer IIS (H.G.), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Imke Tabea Spatz
- From the Department of Molecular Neurology (M.R., I.T.S., M.O., Z.K., J.K., J.W., H.G.), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER) (M.R., Z.K., J.W., H.G.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (M.O., C.F.M., B.E.), Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Neurology (P.L., S.K.), University Hospital Essen; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (R.S.), Tübingen; and Fraunhofer IIS (H.G.), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Malte Ollenschläger
- From the Department of Molecular Neurology (M.R., I.T.S., M.O., Z.K., J.K., J.W., H.G.), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER) (M.R., Z.K., J.W., H.G.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (M.O., C.F.M., B.E.), Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Neurology (P.L., S.K.), University Hospital Essen; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (R.S.), Tübingen; and Fraunhofer IIS (H.G.), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine F Martindale
- From the Department of Molecular Neurology (M.R., I.T.S., M.O., Z.K., J.K., J.W., H.G.), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER) (M.R., Z.K., J.W., H.G.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (M.O., C.F.M., B.E.), Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Neurology (P.L., S.K.), University Hospital Essen; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (R.S.), Tübingen; and Fraunhofer IIS (H.G.), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Lindeburg
- From the Department of Molecular Neurology (M.R., I.T.S., M.O., Z.K., J.K., J.W., H.G.), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER) (M.R., Z.K., J.W., H.G.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (M.O., C.F.M., B.E.), Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Neurology (P.L., S.K.), University Hospital Essen; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (R.S.), Tübingen; and Fraunhofer IIS (H.G.), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zacharias Kohl
- From the Department of Molecular Neurology (M.R., I.T.S., M.O., Z.K., J.K., J.W., H.G.), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER) (M.R., Z.K., J.W., H.G.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (M.O., C.F.M., B.E.), Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Neurology (P.L., S.K.), University Hospital Essen; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (R.S.), Tübingen; and Fraunhofer IIS (H.G.), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Björn Eskofier
- From the Department of Molecular Neurology (M.R., I.T.S., M.O., Z.K., J.K., J.W., H.G.), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER) (M.R., Z.K., J.W., H.G.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (M.O., C.F.M., B.E.), Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Neurology (P.L., S.K.), University Hospital Essen; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (R.S.), Tübingen; and Fraunhofer IIS (H.G.), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Klucken
- From the Department of Molecular Neurology (M.R., I.T.S., M.O., Z.K., J.K., J.W., H.G.), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER) (M.R., Z.K., J.W., H.G.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (M.O., C.F.M., B.E.), Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Neurology (P.L., S.K.), University Hospital Essen; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (R.S.), Tübingen; and Fraunhofer IIS (H.G.), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- From the Department of Molecular Neurology (M.R., I.T.S., M.O., Z.K., J.K., J.W., H.G.), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER) (M.R., Z.K., J.W., H.G.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (M.O., C.F.M., B.E.), Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Neurology (P.L., S.K.), University Hospital Essen; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (R.S.), Tübingen; and Fraunhofer IIS (H.G.), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Klebe
- From the Department of Molecular Neurology (M.R., I.T.S., M.O., Z.K., J.K., J.W., H.G.), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER) (M.R., Z.K., J.W., H.G.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (M.O., C.F.M., B.E.), Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Neurology (P.L., S.K.), University Hospital Essen; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (R.S.), Tübingen; and Fraunhofer IIS (H.G.), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- From the Department of Molecular Neurology (M.R., I.T.S., M.O., Z.K., J.K., J.W., H.G.), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER) (M.R., Z.K., J.W., H.G.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (M.O., C.F.M., B.E.), Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Neurology (P.L., S.K.), University Hospital Essen; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (R.S.), Tübingen; and Fraunhofer IIS (H.G.), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Gaßner
- From the Department of Molecular Neurology (M.R., I.T.S., M.O., Z.K., J.K., J.W., H.G.), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Center for Rare Diseases Erlangen (ZSEER) (M.R., Z.K., J.W., H.G.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab (M.O., C.F.M., B.E.), Department of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU); Department of Neurology (P.L., S.K.), University Hospital Essen; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (R.S.), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (R.S.), Tübingen; and Fraunhofer IIS (H.G.), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Zhu PP, Hung HF, Batchenkova N, Nixon-Abell J, Henderson J, Zheng P, Renvoisé B, Pang S, Xu CS, Saalfeld S, Funke J, Xie Y, Svara F, Hess HF, Blackstone C. Transverse endoplasmic reticulum expansion in hereditary spastic paraplegia corticospinal axons. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2779-2795. [PMID: 35348668 PMCID: PMC9402237 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) comprise a large group of inherited neurologic disorders affecting the longest corticospinal axons (SPG1-86 plus others), with shared manifestations of lower extremity spasticity and gait impairment. Common autosomal dominant HSPs are caused by mutations in genes encoding the microtubule-severing ATPase spastin (SPAST; SPG4), the membrane-bound GTPase atlastin-1 (ATL1; SPG3A) and the reticulon-like, microtubule-binding protein REEP1 (REEP1; SPG31). These proteins bind one another and function in shaping the tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network. Typically, mouse models of HSPs have mild, later onset phenotypes, possibly reflecting far shorter lengths of their corticospinal axons relative to humans. Here, we have generated a robust, double mutant mouse model of HSP in which atlastin-1 is genetically modified with a K80A knock-in (KI) missense change that abolishes its GTPase activity, whereas its binding partner Reep1 is knocked out. Atl1KI/KI/Reep1-/- mice exhibit early onset and rapidly progressive declines in several motor function tests. Also, ER in mutant corticospinal axons dramatically expands transversely and periodically in a mutation dosage-dependent manner to create a ladder-like appearance, on the basis of reconstructions of focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy datasets using machine learning-based auto-segmentation. In lockstep with changes in ER morphology, axonal mitochondria are fragmented and proportions of hypophosphorylated neurofilament H and M subunits are dramatically increased in Atl1KI/KI/Reep1-/- spinal cord. Co-occurrence of these findings links ER morphology changes to alterations in mitochondrial morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Atl1KI/KI/Reep1-/- mice represent an early onset rodent HSP model with robust behavioral and cellular readouts for testing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Peng Zhu
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui-Fang Hung
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Natalia Batchenkova
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - James Henderson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Pengli Zheng
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benoit Renvoisé
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Song Pang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - C Shan Xu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Stephan Saalfeld
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Jan Funke
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Yuxiang Xie
- Synaptic Function Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fabian Svara
- ariadne.ai ag, CH-6033 Buchrain, Switzerland
- Research Center Caesar, D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Harald F Hess
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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19
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Hereditary spastic paraplegia type 56: what a mouse can tell – a narrative review. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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20
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Narendiran S, Debnath M, Shivaram S, Kannan R, Sharma S, Christopher R, Seshagiri DV, Jain S, Purushottam M, Mangalore S, Bharath RD, Bindu PS, Sinha S, Taly AB, Nagappa M. Novel insights into the genetic profile of hereditary spastic paraplegia in India. J Neurogenet 2022; 36:21-31. [DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2022.2064463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sundarapandian Narendiran
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Monojit Debnath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Sumanth Shivaram
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Kannan
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Rita Christopher
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Doniparthi V. Seshagiri
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Meera Purushottam
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Sandhya Mangalore
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Sanjib Sinha
- National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Arun B. Taly
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Madhu Nagappa
- Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
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21
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Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031697. [PMID: 35163618 PMCID: PMC8835766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with the predominant clinical manifestation of spasticity in the lower extremities. HSP is categorised based on inheritance, the phenotypic characters, and the mode of molecular pathophysiology, with frequent degeneration in the axon of cervical and thoracic spinal cord’s lateral region, comprising the corticospinal routes. The prevalence ranges from 0.1 to 9.6 subjects per 100,000 reported around the globe. Though modern medical interventions help recognize and manage the disorder, the symptomatic measures remain below satisfaction. The present review assimilates the available data on HSP and lists down the chromosomes involved in its pathophysiology and the mutations observed in the respective genes on the chromosomes. It also sheds light on the treatment available along with the oral/intrathecal medications, physical therapies, and surgical interventions. Finally, we have discussed the related diagnostic techniques as well as the linked pharmacogenomics studies under future perspectives.
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22
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Votsi C, Ververis A, Nicolaou P, Christou YP, Christodoulou K, Zamba-Papanicolaou E. A Novel SPG7 Gene Pathogenic Variant in a Cypriot Family With Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia. Front Genet 2022; 12:812640. [PMID: 35096021 PMCID: PMC8793673 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.812640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The SPG7 gene encodes the paraplegin protein, an inner mitochondrial membrane—localized protease. It was initially linked to pure and complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia with cerebellar atrophy, and now represents a frequent cause of undiagnosed cerebellar ataxia and spastic ataxia. We hereby report the molecular characterization and the clinical features of a large Cypriot family with five affected individuals presenting with spastic ataxia in an autosomal recessive transmission mode, due to a novel SPG7 homozygous missense variant. Detailed clinical histories of the patients were obtained, followed by neurological and neurophysiological examinations. Whole exome sequencing (WES) of the proband, in silico gene panel analysis, variant filtering and family segregation analysis of the candidate variants with Sanger sequencing were performed. RNA and protein expression as well as in vitro protein localization studies and mitochondria morphology evaluation were carried out towards functional characterization of the identified variant. The patients presented with typical spastic ataxia features while some intrafamilial phenotypic variation was noted. WES analysis revealed a novel homozygous missense variant in the SPG7 gene (c.1763C > T, p. Thr588Met), characterized as pathogenic by more than 20 in silico prediction tools. Functional studies showed that the variant does not affect neither the RNA or protein expression, nor the protein localization. However, aberrant mitochondrial morphology has been observed thus indicating mitochondrial dysfunction and further demonstrating the pathogenicity of the identified variant. Our study is the first report of an SPG7 pathogenic variant in the Cypriot population and broadens the spectrum of SPG7 pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Votsi
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antonis Ververis
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paschalis Nicolaou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Kyproula Christodoulou
- Neurogenetics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
- *Correspondence: Kyproula Christodoulou,
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23
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Méreaux JL, Banneau G, Papin M, Coarelli G, Valter R, Raymond L, Kol B, Ariste O, Parodi L, Tissier L, Mairey M, Ait Said S, Gautier C, Guillaud-Bataille M, Forlani S, de la Grange P, Brice A, Vazza G, Durr A, Leguern E, Stevanin G. Clinical and genetic spectra of 1550 index patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2022; 145:1029-1037. [PMID: 34983064 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia refers to rare genetic neurodevelopmental and/or neurodegenerative disorders in which spasticity due to length-dependent damage to the upper motor neuron is a core sign. Their high clinical and genetic heterogeneity makes their diagnosis challenging. Multigene panels allow a high-throughput targeted analysis of the increasing number of genes involved using next-generation sequencing. We report here the clinical and genetic results of 1550 index cases tested for variants in a panel of hereditary spastic paraplegia related genes analyzed in routine diagnosis. A causative variant was found in 475 patients (30.7%) in 35/65 screened genes. SPAST and SPG7 were the most frequently mutated genes, representing 142 (9.2%) and 75 (4.8%) index cases of the whole series, respectively. KIF1A, ATL1, SPG11, KIF5A and REEP1 represented more than 1% (> 17 cases) each. There were 661 causative variants (382 different ones) and 30 of them were structural variants. This large cohort allowed us obtaining an overview of the clinical and genetic spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia in clinical practice. Because of the wide phenotypic variability, there was no very specific sign that could predict the causative gene but there were some constellations of symptoms that were found often related to specific subtypes. Finally, we confirmed the diagnostic effectiveness of a targeted sequencing panel as a first-line genetic test in hereditary spastic paraplegia. This is a pertinent strategy because of the relative frequency of several known genes (i.e.: SPAST, KIF1A) and it allows identifying variants in the rarest involved genes and to detect structural rearrangements via coverage analysis, which is less efficient in exome data sets. It is crucial because these structural variants represent a significant proportion of the pathogenic hereditary spastic paraplegia variants (∼6% of patients), notably for SPAST and REEP1. In a subset of 42 index cases negative for the targeted multigene panel, subsequent whole exome sequencing allowed to reach a theoretical diagnosis yield of ∼50%. We then propose a two-step strategy combining the use of a panel of genes followed by whole exome sequencing in negative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Loup Méreaux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France.,Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Guillaume Banneau
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Hôpital Purpan, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Papin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Giulia Coarelli
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Valter
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Laure Raymond
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Bophara Kol
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Ariste
- GenoDiag-GenoSplice, Paris Biotech Santé, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Livia Parodi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Laurène Tissier
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Mairey
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | - Samia Ait Said
- APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Celia Gautier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Sylvie Forlani
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Vazza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Leguern
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France.,3Paris Sciences Lettres University, EPHE, 75000 Paris, France.,APHP, Sorbonne Université, Department of Medical Genetics, 75013 Paris, France
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24
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Elsayed LEO, Eltazi IZ, Ahmed AE, Stevanin G. Insights into Clinical, Genetic, and Pathological Aspects of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias: A Comprehensive Overview. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:690899. [PMID: 34901147 PMCID: PMC8662366 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.690899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a heterogeneous group of motor neurodegenerative disorders that have the core clinical presentation of pyramidal syndrome which starts typically in the lower limbs. They can present as pure or complex forms with all classical modes of monogenic inheritance reported. To date, there are more than 100 loci/88 spastic paraplegia genes (SPG) involved in the pathogenesis of HSP. New patterns of inheritance are being increasingly identified in this era of huge advances in genetic and functional studies. A wide range of clinical symptoms and signs are now reported to complicate HSP with increasing overall complexity of the clinical presentations considered as HSP. This is especially true with the emergence of multiple HSP phenotypes that are situated in the borderline zone with other neurogenetic disorders. The genetic diagnostic approaches and the utilized techniques leave a diagnostic gap of 25% in the best studies. In this review, we summarize the known types of HSP with special focus on those in which spasticity is the principal clinical phenotype ("SPGn" designation). We discuss their modes of inheritance, clinical phenotypes, underlying genetics, and molecular pathways, providing some observations about therapeutic opportunities gained from animal models and functional studies. This review may pave the way for more analytic approaches that take into consideration the overall picture of HSP. It will shed light on subtle associations that can explain the occurrence of the disease and allow a better understanding of its observed variations. This should help in the identification of future biomarkers, predictors of disease onset and progression, and treatments for both better functional outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liena E. O. Elsayed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University [PNU], Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Ammar E. Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Paris, France
- CNRS, INCIA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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Clinical and molecular characterization of a large cohort of childhood onset hereditary spastic paraplegias. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22248. [PMID: 34782662 PMCID: PMC8593146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize clinical and molecular data of a large cohort of subjects with childhood-onset hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs). A multicenter historical cohort was performed at five centers in Brazil, in which probands and affected relatives' data from consecutive families with childhood-onset HSP (onset < 12 years-old) were reviewed from 2011 to 2020. One hundred and six individuals (83 families) with suspicion of childhood-onset HSP were evaluated, being 68 (50 families) with solved genetic diagnosis, 6 (5 families) with candidate variants in HSP-related genes and 32 (28 families) with unsolved genetic diagnosis. The most common childhood-onset subtype was SPG4, 11/50 (22%) families with solved genetic diagnosis; followed by SPG3A, 8/50 (16%). Missense pathogenic variants in SPAST were found in 54.5% of probands, favoring the association of this type of variant to childhood-onset SPG4. Survival curves to major handicap and cross-sectional Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale progressions confirmed the slow neurological deterioration in SPG4 and SPG3A. Most common complicating features and twenty variants not previously described in HSP-related genes were reported. These results are fundamental to understand the molecular and clinical epidemiology of childhood-onset HSP, which might help on differential diagnosis, patient care and guiding future collaborative trials for these rare diseases.
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Lemire G, Ito YA, Marshall AE, Chrestian N, Stanley V, Brady L, Tarnopolsky M, Curry CJ, Hartley T, Mears W, Derksen A, Rioux N, Laflamme N, Hutchison HT, Pais LS, Zaki MS, Sultan T, Dane AD, Gleeson JG, Vaz FM, Kernohan KD, Bernard G, Boycott KM, Boycott KM. ABHD16A deficiency causes a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with intellectual disability and cerebral anomalies. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:2017-2023. [PMID: 34587489 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ABHD16A (abhydrolase domain-containing protein 16A, phospholipase) encodes the major phosphatidylserine (PS) lipase in the brain. PS lipase synthesizes lysophosphatidylserine, an important signaling lipid that functions in the mammalian central nervous system. ABHD16A has not yet been associated with a human disease. In this report, we present a cohort of 11 affected individuals from six unrelated families with a complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) who carry bi-allelic deleterious variants in ABHD16A. Affected individuals present with a similar phenotype consisting of global developmental delay/intellectual disability, progressive spasticity affecting the upper and lower limbs, and corpus callosum and white matter anomalies. Immunoblot analysis on extracts from fibroblasts from four affected individuals demonstrated little to no ABHD16A protein levels compared to controls. Our findings add ABHD16A to the growing list of lipid genes in which dysregulation can cause complicated forms of HSP and begin to describe the molecular etiology of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
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Sánchez Marco SB, Peña Segura JL, López Lafuente A, López Pisón J, Lafuente Hidalgo M, Pérez Delgado R. Spastic Paraplegia Type 57: A Cerebral Palsy Mimic. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Raquel Pérez Delgado
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
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28
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Wang C, Zhang YJ, Xu CH, Li D, Liu ZJ, Wu Y. The investigation of genetic and clinical features in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia in central-Southern China. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1627. [PMID: 33638609 PMCID: PMC8172193 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. We describe the genetic and clinical features of a cohort of five HSP families from central‐southern China. Methods Using targeted exome‐sequencing technology, we investigated the genetic and clinical features in five HSP families. We reviewed the clinical histories of these patients as well as the molecular and functional characterization of the associated gene variants. We also performed functional analysis of an intron variant of SPAST in vitro. Results We identified a known SPAST mutation (p.Pro435Leu) in a family with autosomal dominant HSP (AD‐HSP) and four novel variants in two HSP families and a sporadic case. These identified four novel variants included a variant in SPG11 (p.Val1979Ter), two variants in B4GALNT1 (p.Ser475Phe and c.1002 + 2 T > G), and a splicing site variant in SPAST (c.1245+5G>A). Minigene analysis of the splicing variant in SPAST (c.1245+5G>A) revealed that the mutation resulted in mRNAs with a loss of exon 9. The SPG4 family carrying c.1245+5G>A variant in SPAST exhibited genetic anticipation, with a decreased age at onset and increased severity in successive generations. The proband with p.Val1979Ter variant in SPG11 showed characteristic clinical features of early‐onset, severe spasticity, and corpus callosum atrophy which were highly suggestive of the diagnosis of SPG11‐associated HSP. Conclusions Our findings strongly support variable phenotype of B4GALNT1‐related SPG26 and also expand the clinical and mutation spectrum of HSP caused by mutations in SPAST, SPG11, and B4GALNT1. These results will help to improve the efficiency of early diagnosis in patients clinically suspected of HSP. We investigated the genetic and clinical features in five families with HSP from central‐southern China using targeted exome‐sequencing technology. We identified a known mutation (p.Pro435Leu) in SPAST in a family with autosomal dominant HSP (AD‐HSP) and four novel variants in three independent HSP families and a sporadic case. These identified four novel variants include a nonsense variant (p.Val1979Ter) in SPG11, two variants (p.Ser475Phe and c.1002 + 2 T > G) in B4GALNT1, and a splicing site variants in SPAST (c.1245 + 5G>A). Minigene analysis of the splicing variant (c.1245 + 5G>A) in SPAST revealed that the mutation resulted in mRNAs with a loss of exon 9
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ci-Hao Xu
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - De Li
- Biobank, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Diniz de Lima F, Faber I, Servelhere KR, Bittar MFR, Martinez ARM, Piovesana LG, Martins MP, Martins CR, Benaglia T, de Sá Carvalho B, Nucci A, França MC. Randomized Trial of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia - The SPASTOX Trial. Mov Disord 2021; 36:1654-1663. [PMID: 33595142 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegia presents spasticity as the main clinical manifestation, reducing gait quality and producing incapacity. Management with botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is not well elucidated. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BoNT-A in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegias. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Each participant was randomly assigned to receive 1 injection session of either BoNT-A (100 IU/2 mL of Prosigne in each adductor magnus and each triceps surae) or saline 0.9% (2 mL). The primary outcome measure was change from baseline in maximal gait velocity, and secondary outcome measures included changes in gait at self-selected velocity, spasticity, muscle strength, Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale, pain, fatigue, and subjective perception of improvement. We also looked at adverse events reported by the patients. RESULTS We enrolled 55 patients, 36 of whom were men and 41 with the pure phenotype. Mean age was 43 ± 13.4 years (range, 19-72 years), mean age of onset waws 27 ± 13.1 years (range, <1 to 55 yars), and mean disease duration was 17 ± 12.7 years (range, 1-62 years). Compared with baseline, we did not find significant differences between groups in primary and secondary outcomes, except for reduction in adductor tone (P = 0.01). The adverse events were transient and tolerable, and their incidence did not significantly differ between treatments (P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS BoNT-A was safe in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegias and reduced the adductor tone, but it was not able to produce functional improvement considering the doses, injection protocol, measures, and instruments used. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid Faber
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiza G Piovesana
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Melina P Martins
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Benaglia
- Department of Statistics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Anamarli Nucci
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcondes C França
- Department of Neurology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Application of a Clinical Workflow May Lead to Increased Diagnostic Precision in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias and Cerebellar Ataxias: A Single Center Experience. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020246. [PMID: 33669240 PMCID: PMC7919782 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular characterization of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSP) and inherited cerebellar ataxias (CA) is challenged by their clinical and molecular heterogeneity. The recent application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies is increasing the diagnostic rate, which can be influenced by patients’ selection. To assess if a clinical diagnosis of CA/HSP received in a third-level reference center might impact the molecular diagnostic yield, we retrospectively evaluated the molecular diagnostic rate reached in our center on 192 unrelated families (90 HSP and 102 CA) (i) before NGS and (ii) with the use of NGS gene panels. Overall, 46.3% of families received a genetic diagnosis by first-tier individual gene screening: 43.3% HSP and 50% spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA). The diagnostic rate was 56.7% in AD-HSP, 55.5% in AR-HSP, and 21.2% in sporadic HSP. On the other hand, 75% AD-, 52% AR- and 33% sporadic CA were diagnosed. So far, 32 patients (24 CA and 8 HSP) were further assessed by NGS gene panels, and 34.4% were diagnosed, including 29.2% CA and 50% HSP patients. Eleven novel gene variants classified as (likely) pathogenic were identified. Our results support the role of experienced clinicians in the diagnostic assessment and the clinical research of CA and HSP even in the next generation era.
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31
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Edmison D, Wang L, Gowrishankar S. Lysosome Function and Dysfunction in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias. Brain Sci 2021; 11:152. [PMID: 33498913 PMCID: PMC7911997 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSPs) are a genetically diverse group of inherited neurological diseases with over 80 associated gene loci. Over the last decade, research into mechanisms underlying HSPs has led to an emerging interest in lysosome dysfunction. In this review, we highlight the different classes of HSPs that have been linked to lysosome defects: (1) a subset of complex HSPs where mutations in lysosomal genes are causally linked to the diseases, (2) other complex HSPs where mutation in genes encoding membrane trafficking adaptors lead to lysosomal defects, and (3) a subset of HSPs where mutations affect genes encoding proteins whose function is primarily linked to a different cellular component or organelle such as microtubule severing and Endoplasmic Reticulum-shaping, while also altering to lysosomes. Interestingly, aberrant axonal lysosomes, associated with the latter two subsets of HSPs, are a key feature observed in other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. We discuss how altered lysosome function and trafficking may be a critical contributor to HSP pathology and highlight the need for examining these features in the cortico-spinal motor neurons of HSP mutant models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Swetha Gowrishankar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.E.); (L.W.)
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32
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Murala S, Nagarajan E, Bollu PC. Hereditary spastic paraplegia. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:883-894. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Li C, Yan Q, Duan FJ, Zhao C, Zhang Z, Du Y, Zhang W. Mild cognitive impairment in novel SPG11 mutation-related sporadic hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum: case series. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:12. [PMID: 33430805 PMCID: PMC7798194 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-02040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SPG11 mutation-related autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia with thin corpus callosum (HSP-TCC) is the most common cause in complicated forms of HSP, usually presenting comprehensive mental retardation on early-onset stage preceding spastic paraplegias in childhood. However, there are many instances of sporadic late-onset HSP-TCC cases with a negative family history, and potential mild cognitive deficits in multiple domains may be easily neglected and inaccurately described. METHODS In this study, we performed next generation sequencing in four sporadic late-onset patients with HSP-TCC, and combined Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to evaluate cognition of the patients. RESULTS By evolutionary conservation and structural modeling analysis, we have revealed 4 novel pathogenic SPG11 mutations, and firstly confirmed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with normal MMSE scores (≥27) and decreased MoCA scores (< 26) in these SPG11 mutation-related HSP-TCC patients, predominantly presenting impairment of executive function, delayed recall, abstraction and language. CONCLUSIONS The results expand the mutational spectrum of SPG11-associated HSP-TCC from sporadic cases, and confirm MCI with combination of decreased MoCA and normal MMSE assessment, suggesting that clinicians should consider doing a MoCA to detect MCI in patients with HSP, particularly those with HSP-TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng-Ju Duan
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying Du
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an City, 710038, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Abbas S, Brugger B, Zubair M, Gul S, Blatterer J, Wenninger J, Rehman K, Tatrai B, Khan MA, Windpassinger C. Exome sequencing of a Pakistani family with spastic paraplegia identified an 18 bp deletion in the cytochrome B5 domain of FA2H. Neurol Res 2020; 43:133-140. [PMID: 33246395 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1831329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a diverse class of neurodegenerative disorders that mainly affect the corticospinal tract of the body and result in various clinical conditions such as lower limb spasticity and muscle weakness in the lower extremities. Worldwide, more than 70 chromosomal loci/genes have been reported to be associated with HSPs, out of which, six genes viz., ATL1, FA2H, GJC2, AP4E1, ALDH18A1 and ATP13A2 have been mapped in Pakistani families. In the present genetic study, we report on a large consanguineous Pakistani family with a complex form of HSP segregating with a 18 bp deletion in the first exon of the Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylase (FA2H) gene (NM_024306.5:c.159_176del). The identified in-frame deletion results in loss of six amino acids (p.Arg53_Ile58del) within the cytochrome B5 domain of the protein. FA2H is required for alpha-hydroxylation of free fatty acids to form alpha-hydroxylated sphingolipids. Its cytochrome b5-like heme-binding domain, which spans from residues 15 to 85, imparts the redox activity to FA2H. This mutation has previously been reported in a Pakistani family presenting with a similar form of complex HSP. Together with our findings the pathogenic role of the observed variant is further supported. Mutation studies on additional Pakistani families for FA2H will further elucidate its mutational spectrum, which may help in developing a prenatal diagnostic test for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa resident Pakistani families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safdar Abbas
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University , D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Beatrice Brugger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz , Graz, Austria
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University , D.I.Khan, Pakistan.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology , Hefei, China
| | - Sana Gul
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University , D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jasmin Blatterer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz , Graz, Austria
| | - Julian Wenninger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz , Graz, Austria
| | - Khurram Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University , D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Benjamin Tatrai
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz , Graz, Austria
| | - Muzammil Ahmad Khan
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University , D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Christian Windpassinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz , Graz, Austria
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The Role of iPSC Modeling Toward Projection of Autophagy Pathway in Disease Pathogenesis: Leader or Follower. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:539-561. [PMID: 33245492 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is responsible for degradation of non-essential or damaged cellular constituents and damaged organelles. The autophagy pathway maintains efficient cellular metabolism and reduces cellular stress by removing additional and pathogenic components. Dysfunctional autophagy underlies several diseases. Thus, several research groups have worked toward elucidating key steps in this pathway. Autophagy can be studied by animal modeling, chemical modulators, and in vitro disease modeling with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) as a loss-of-function platform. The introduction of iPSC technology, which has the capability to maintain the genetic background, has facilitated in vitro modeling of some diseases. Furthermore, iPSC technology can be used as a platform to study defective cellular and molecular pathways during development and unravel novel steps in signaling pathways of health and disease. Different studies have used iPSC technology to explore the role of autophagy in disease pathogenesis which could not have been addressed by animal modeling or chemical inducers/inhibitors. In this review, we discuss iPSC models of autophagy-associated disorders where the disease is caused due to mutations in autophagy-related genes. We classified this group as "primary autophagy induced defects (PAID)". There are iPSC models of diseases in which the primary cause is not dysfunctional autophagy, but autophagy is impaired secondary to disease phenotypes. We call this group "secondary autophagy induced defects (SAID)" and discuss them. Graphical abstract.
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The role of AP-4 in cargo export from the trans-Golgi network and hereditary spastic paraplegia. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1877-1888. [PMID: 33084855 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP) complexes play key roles in protein sorting and transport vesicle formation in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. One of these complexes, AP-4, was identified over 20 years ago but, up until recently, its function remained unclear. AP-4 associates with the trans-Golgi network (TGN) through interaction with small GTPases of the ARF family and recognizes transmembrane proteins (i.e. cargos) having specific sorting signals in their cytosolic domains. Recent studies identified accessory proteins (tepsin, RUSC2 and the FHF complex) that co-operate with AP-4, and cargos (amyloid precursor protein, ATG9A and SERINC3/5) that are exported from the TGN in an AP-4-dependent manner. Defective export of ATG9A from the TGN in AP-4-deficient cells was shown to reduce ATG9A delivery to pre-autophagosomal structures, impairing autophagosome formation and/or maturation. In addition, mutations in AP-4-subunit genes were found to cause neurological dysfunction in mice and a form of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia referred to as 'AP-4-deficiency syndrome' in humans. These findings demonstrated that mammalian AP-4 is required for the development and function of the central nervous system, possibly through its role in the sorting of ATG9A for the maintenance of autophagic homeostasis. In this article, we review the properties and functions of AP-4, and discuss how they might explain the clinical features of AP-4 deficiency.
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Wang B, Yu Y, Wei L, Zhang Y. Inhibition of ER stress improves progressive motor deficits in a REEP1-null mouse model of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio054296. [PMID: 32878877 PMCID: PMC7541344 DOI: 10.1242/bio.054296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetic neurodegenerative diseases. HSPs are characterized by lower-extremity weakness and spasticity. However, there is no specific clinical treatment strategy to prevent or reverse nerve degeneration in HSPs. Mutations in receptor expression-enhancing protein 1 (REEP1) are well-recognized and relatively common causes of autosomal dominant HSPs. REEP1 modifies the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) shape, and is implicated in the ER stress response. Defects in the ER stress response seem to be crucial mechanisms underlying HSP neurodegeneration. Here, we report that REEP1-/- mice exhibit progressive motor deficits, along with denervation of neuromuscular junctions and increased ER stress. Moreover, marked axonal degeneration and morphological abnormalities are observed. In this study, we treated both REEP1-/- and wild-type (WT) mice with salubrinal, which is a specific inhibitor of ER stress, and we observed increased nerve-muscle connections and enhanced motor functions. Our data highlight the importance of ER homeostasis in HSPs, providing new opportunities for HSP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - You Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Lallemant-Dudek P, Durr A. Clinical and genetic update of hereditary spastic paraparesis. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 177:550-556. [PMID: 32807405 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraparesis is a group of inherited neurological diseases characterized by underlying wide genetic heterogeneity. It should be suspected if there is a positive familial history, a common genetic alteration (i.e. SPG4, the most overall frequent form), or association with other signs, such as cerebellar ataxia (i.e. SPG7), early cognitive impairment or even cognitive deficit (i.e. SPG11), or peripheral neuropathy (i.e. SACS). The natural history is known for certain genetic subgroups, with genotype-phenotype correlations partially explaining childhood or late onset. However, the search for genetic modifying factors, in addition to the causal pathogenic variant or environmental influencers, is still needed. Novel approaches to provide etiological treatment are in the pipeline for SPG11. Symptomatic treatments are available but would benefit from randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lallemant-Dudek
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - A Durr
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Genetics Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
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Rahimi Bidgoli MM, Javanparast L, Rohani M, Najmabadi H, Zamani B, Alavi A. CAPN1 and hereditary spastic paraplegia: a novel variant in an Iranian family and overview of the genotype-phenotype correlation. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:962-974. [PMID: 32352326 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1763344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE SPG76 is one of the rare forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) which causes by mutations in the CAPN1 gene. The mode of inheritance of SPG76 is autosomal recessive (AR) and so far, only 24 families and 25 mutations in this gene have been reported worldwide. These mutations have been associated with a spectrum of disorders from pure HSP to spastic ataxia. HSP genetically is one of the most heterogeneous neurological disorders and to date, 79 types of HSP (SPG1-SPG79) have been identified, however, it has been suggested that many HSP-genes, particularly in AR-HSPs, remained unknown. AR-HSPs clinically overlap with other neurodegenerative disorders, making an accurate diagnosis of the disease difficult. Therefore, in addition to clinical examination, a high throughout genetic method like whole exome sequencing (WES) may be necessary for the diagnosis of this type of neurodegenerative disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS Herein, we present the clinical features and results of WES in the first Iranian family with a novel CAPN1 variant, c.C853T:p.R285* and pure HSP. CONCLUSION Some of the previous studies have mentioned that the "spasticity-ataxia phenotype might be conducted to the diagnosis of SPG76" but recently the number of pure HSP patients with CAPN1 mutation is increasing. The present study also expands the mutation spectrum of pure CAPN1-related SPG76; emphasizing that CAPN1 screening is required in both pure HSP and spasticity-ataxia phenotypes. As noted in some other literature, we suggest the clinical spectrum of this disorder to be considered as "CAPN1-associated neurodegeneration".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Javanparast
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rohani
- Department of Neurology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hazrat Rasool Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Zamani
- Neurology Department, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afagh Alavi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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40
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Mattera R, Williamson CD, Ren X, Bonifacino JS. The FTS-Hook-FHIP (FHF) complex interacts with AP-4 to mediate perinuclear distribution of AP-4 and its cargo ATG9A. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:963-979. [PMID: 32073997 PMCID: PMC7185972 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) is a component of a protein coat associated with the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Mutations in AP-4 subunits cause a complicated form of autosomal-recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia termed AP-4-deficiency syndrome. Recent studies showed that AP-4 mediates export of the transmembrane autophagy protein ATG9A from the TGN to preautophagosomal structures. To identify additional proteins that cooperate with AP-4 in ATG9A trafficking, we performed affinity purification-mass spectrometry followed by validation of the hits by biochemical and functional analyses. This approach resulted in the identification of the fused toes homolog-Hook-FHIP (FHF) complex as a novel AP-4 accessory factor. We found that the AP-4-FHF interaction is mediated by direct binding of the AP-4 μ4 subunit to coiled-coil domains in the Hook1 and Hook2 subunits of FHF. Knockdown of FHF subunits resulted in dispersal of AP-4 and ATG9A from the perinuclear region of the cell, consistent with the previously demonstrated role of the FHF complex in coupling organelles to the microtubule (MT) retrograde motor dynein-dynactin. These findings thus uncover an additional mechanism for the distribution of ATG9A within cells and provide further evidence for a role of protein coats in coupling transport vesicles to MT motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mattera
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chad D. Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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41
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Ivankovic D, Drew J, Lesept F, White IJ, López Doménech G, Tooze SA, Kittler JT. Axonal autophagosome maturation defect through failure of ATG9A sorting underpins pathology in AP-4 deficiency syndrome. Autophagy 2020; 16:391-407. [PMID: 31142229 PMCID: PMC6999640 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1615302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptor protein (AP) complexes mediate key sorting decisions in the cell through selective incorporation of transmembrane proteins into vesicles. Little is known of the roles of AP-4, despite its loss of function leading to a severe early onset neurological disorder, AP-4 deficiency syndrome. Here we demonstrate an AP-4 epsilon subunit knockout mouse model that recapitulates characteristic neuroanatomical phenotypes of AP-4 deficiency patients. We show that ATG9A, critical for autophagosome biogenesis, is an AP-4 cargo, which is retained within the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in vivo and in culture when AP-4 function is lost. TGN retention results in depletion of axonal ATG9A, leading to defective autophagosome generation and aberrant expansions of the distal axon. The reduction in the capacity to generate axonal autophagosomes leads to defective axonal extension and de novo generation of distal axonal swellings containing accumulated ER, underlying the impaired axonal integrity in AP-4 deficiency syndrome.Abbreviations: AP: adaptor protein; AP4B1: adaptor-related protein complex AP-4, beta 1; AP4E1: adaptor-related protein complex AP-4, epsilon 1; ATG: autophagy-related; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; GOLGA1/Golgin-97/GOLG97: golgi autoantigen, golgin subfamily a, 1; GOLGA2/GM130: golgi autoantigen, golgin subfamily a, 2; HSP: hereditary spastic paraplegia; LC3/MAP1LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MAP2: microtubule-associated protein 2; MAPK8IP1/JIP1: mitogen-acitvated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 1; NEFH/NF200: neurofilament, heavy polypeptide; RBFOX3/NeuN (RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog [C. elegans] 3); SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TGN: trans-Golgi network; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting protein 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Drew
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Flavie Lesept
- Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Ian J. White
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Sharon A. Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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Lee S, Park H, Zhu PP, Jung SY, Blackstone C, Chang J. Hereditary spastic paraplegia SPG8 mutations impair CAV1-dependent, integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/613/eaau7500. [PMID: 31911435 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau7500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in WASHC5 (also known as KIAA0196) cause autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) type SPG8. WASHC5, commonly called strumpellin, is a core component of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homolog (WASH) complex that activates actin nucleation at endosomes. Although various other cellular roles for strumpellin have also been described, none account for how SPG8-associated mutations lead to HSP. Here, we identified protein interactors of the WASH complex by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry and assessed the functions of strumpellin in cultured cells using both overexpression and RNA interference along with cell-spreading assays to investigate cell adhesion. We uncovered a decrease in CAV1 protein abundance as well as endosomal fission defects resulting from pathogenic SPG8 mutations. CAV1, a key component of caveolae, interacted with strumpellin in cells, and strumpellin inhibited the lysosomal degradation of CAV1. SPG8-associated missense mutations in strumpellin did not rescue endosomal tubulation defects, reduction in CAV1 protein abundance, or integrin-mediated cell adhesion in strumpellin-deficient cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the WASH complex maintained CAV1 and integrin protein amounts by inhibiting their lysosomal degradation through its endosomal actin nucleation activity. In addition, the interaction of strumpellin with CAV1 stimulated integrin recycling, thereby promoting cell adhesion. These findings provide a molecular link between WASHC5 mutations and impairment of CAV1- and integrin-mediated cell adhesion, providing insights into the cellular pathogenesis of SPG8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongju Lee
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Hypoxia-Related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungsun Park
- Department of Anatomy and Hypoxia-Related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng-Peng Zhu
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Soon-Young Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jaerak Chang
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Inhibition of Lysosome Membrane Recycling Causes Accumulation of Gangliosides that Contribute to Neurodegeneration. Cell Rep 2019; 23:3813-3826. [PMID: 29949766 PMCID: PMC6045775 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosome membrane recycling occurs at the end of the autophagic pathway and requires proteins that are mostly encoded by genes mutated in neurodegenerative diseases. However, its implication in neuronal death is still unclear. Here, we show that spatacsin, which is required for lysosome recycling and whose loss of function leads to hereditary spastic paraplegia 11 (SPG11), promotes clearance of gangliosides from lysosomes in mouse and human SPG11 models. We demonstrate that spatacsin acts downstream of clathrin and recruits dynamin to allow lysosome membrane recycling and clearance of gangliosides from lysosomes. Gangliosides contributed to the accumulation of autophagy markers in lysosomes and to neuronal death. In contrast, decreasing ganglioside synthesis prevented neurodegeneration and improved motor phenotype in a SPG11 zebrafish model. Our work reveals how inhibition of lysosome membrane recycling leads to the deleterious accumulation of gangliosides, linking lysosome recycling to neurodegeneration. Loss of spatacsin promotes accumulation of simple gangliosides in lysosomes Inhibition of lysosome membrane recycling leads to accumulation of gangliosides Gangliosides promote accumulation of autophagy markers in lysosomes Gangliosides contribute to neurodegeneration when lysosome recycling is compromised
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44
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Vavla M, Paparella G, Papayannis A, Pascuzzo R, Girardi G, Pellegrini F, Capello G, Prosdocimo G, Martinuzzi A. Optical Coherence Tomography in a Cohort of Genetically Defined Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia: A Brief Research Report. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1193. [PMID: 31824395 PMCID: PMC6884025 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In-vivo objective documentation of pathological changes in neurodegenerative disease is a major aim to possibly improve our ability to monitor disease progression and response to treatment. Temporal thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness shown by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) has been reported in association with the complex forms in hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). We performed an assessment of the RNFL thickness in a group of HSP patients, including a longitudinal follow-up in a subgroup. Our aim was to measure and compare the changes and correlate them to clinical progression. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three HSP patients were recruited and studied with the SD-OCT including papillary and macular scan by Spectralis. The clinical severity was assessed using the Spastic Paraplegia Rating Scale. Results: Thinning of the superior, nasal and inferior quadrants bilaterally were observed compared to the normative data in both pure and complicated forms, that were clearly pathological only in a proportion of cases. Thinning correlated with age and disease duration, but not with clinical severity. The longitudinal study (n = 9) showed no significant change compared to the baseline data for the period of observation (mean 10.7 months). Conclusions: RFNL is frequently thinned in HSP with no specific recognizable pattern of quadrants involved and SPG types. The small sample size and the short follow-up time showed no clear progression. Although SD-OCT appraisal of RFNL deserves to be explored in neurodegenerative conditions, it might not be suitable for use as a biomarker in HSP as it appears not to be specific to this condition and can be a feature of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Vavla
- SOS Neuromotor Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Paparella
- SOS Neuromotor Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Conegliano, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Pascuzzo
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Girardi
- SOS Neuromotor Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Conegliano, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Capello
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Prosdocimo
- Department of Ophthalmology, AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Andrea Martinuzzi
- SOS Neuromotor Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Conegliano, Italy
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45
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Erfanian Omidvar M, Torkamandi S, Rezaei S, Alipoor B, Omrani MD, Darvish H, Ghaedi H. Genotype-phenotype associations in hereditary spastic paraplegia: a systematic review and meta-analysis on 13,570 patients. J Neurol 2019; 268:2065-2082. [PMID: 31745725 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-019-09633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders. Although, several genotype-phenotype studies have carried out on HSPs, the association between genotypes and clinical phenotypes remain incomplete since most studies are small in size or restricted to a few genes. Accordingly, this study provides the systematic meta-analysis of genotype-phenotype associations in HSP. METHODS AND RESULTS We retrieved literature on genotype-phenotype associations in patients with HSP and mutated SPAST, REEP1, ATL1, SPG11, SPG15, SPG7, SPG35, SPG54, SPG5. In total, 147 studies with 13,570 HSP patients were included in our meta-analysis. The frequency of mutations in SPAST (25%) was higher than REEP1 (3%), as well as ATL1 (5%) in AD-HSP patients. As for AR-HSP patients, the rates of mutations in SPG11 (18%), SPG15 (7%) and SPG7 (13%) were higher than SPG5 (5%), as well as SPG35 (8%) and SPG54 (7%). The mean age of AD-HSP onset for ATL1 mutation-positive patients was earlier than patients with SPAST, REEP1 mutations. Also, the tendency toward younger age at AR-HSP onset for SPG35 was higher than other mutated genes. It is noteworthy that the mean age at HSP onset ranged from infancy to adulthood. As for the gender distribution, the male proportion in SPG7-HSP (90%) and REEP1-HSP (78%) was markedly high. The frequency of symptoms was varied among patients with different mutated genes. The rates of LL weakness, superficial sensory abnormalities, neuropathy, and deep sensory impairment were noticeably high in REEP1 mutations carriers. Also, in AR-HSP patients with SPG11 mutations, the presentation of symptoms including pes cavus, Neuropathy, and UL spasticity was higher. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive genotype-phenotype assessment of available data displays that the mean age at disease onset and particular sub-phenotypes are associated with specific mutated genes which might be beneficial for a diagnostic procedure and differentiation of the specific mutated genes phenotype among diverse forms of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Erfanian Omidvar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Torkamandi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Somaye Rezaei
- Department of Neurology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Behnam Alipoor
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Parmedicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak St., Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamid Ghaedi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak St., Shahid Chamran Highway, Tehran, IR, Iran.
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Genetic and Clinical Profile of Chinese Patients with Autosomal Dominant Spastic Paraplegia. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 23:781-789. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bis-Brewer DM, Fazal S, Züchner S. Genetic modifiers and non-Mendelian aspects of CMT. Brain Res 2019; 1726:146459. [PMID: 31525351 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathies are amongst the most common inherited diseases in neurology. While great strides have been made to identify the genesis of these diseases, a diagnostic gap of 30-60% remains. Classic models of genetic causation may be limited to fully close this gap and, thus, we review the current state and future role of alternative, non-Mendelian forms of genetics in CMT. Promising synergies exist to further define the full genetic architecture of inherited neuropathies, including affordable whole-genome sequencing, increased data aggregation and clinical collaboration, improved bioinformatics and statistical methodology, and vastly improved computational resources. Given the recent advances in genetic therapies for rare diseases, it becomes a matter of urgency to diagnose CMT patients with great fidelity. Otherwise, they will not be able to benefit from such therapeutic options, or worse, suffer harm when pathogenicity of genetic variation is falsely evaluated. In addition, the newly identified modifier and risk genes may offer alternative targets for pharmacotherapy of inherited and, potentially, even acquired forms of neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Bis-Brewer
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Fazal
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stephan Züchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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48
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Nan H, Ichinose Y, Tanaka M, Koh K, Ishiura H, Mitsui J, Mizukami H, Morimoto M, Hamada S, Ohtsuka T, Tsuji S, Takiyama Y. UBAP1 mutations cause juvenile-onset hereditary spastic paraplegias (SPG80) and impair UBAP1 targeting to endosomes. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:1055-1065. [PMID: 31515522 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to find a new causative gene and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying a new type of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Patients with HSP were recruited from the Japan Spastic Paraplegia Research Consortium (JASPAC). Exome sequencing of genomic DNA from patients in four families was carried out, followed by Sanger sequencing of the UBAP1 gene. A mouse homolog of one UBAP1 frameshift mutation carried by one of the patients was created as a disease model. Functional properties of the UBAP1 wild type and UBAP1-mutant in mouse hippocampus neurons were examined. We identified three novel heterozygous loss of function mutations (c.425_426delAG, c.312delC, and c.535G>T) in the UBAP1 gene as the genetic cause of a new type of HSP (SPG80). All the patients presented identical clinical features of a pure type of juvenile-onset HSP. Functional studies on mouse hippocampal neurons revealed that the C-terminal deletion UBAP1-mutant of our disease model had lost its ability to bind ubiquitin in vitro. Overexpression of the UBAP1 wild type interacts directly with ubiquitin on enlarged endosomes, while the UBAP1-mutant cannot be recruited to endosome membranes. Our study demonstrated that mutations in the UBAP1 gene cause a new type of HSP and elucidated its pathogenesis. The full-length UBAP1 protein is involved in endosomal dynamics in neurons, while loss of UBAP1 function may perturb endosomal fusion and sorting of ubiquitinated cargos. These effects could be more prominent in neurons, thereby giving rise to the phenotype of a neurodegenerative disease such as HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitian Nan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yuta Ichinose
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanaka
- Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Kishin Koh
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiura
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Heisuke Mizukami
- Department of Neurology, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Yokohama, 241-0811, Japan
| | - Masafumi Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shun Hamada
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Institute of Medical Genomics, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan.,Department of Molecular Neurology, University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Takiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
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49
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A Novel c19orf12 Mutation in Mitochondrial Membrane Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration. Can J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2019.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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50
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Olivieri G, Pro S, Diodato D, Di Capua M, Longo D, Martinelli D, Bertini E, Dionisi-Vici C. Corticospinal tract damage in HHH syndrome: a metabolic cause of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:208. [PMID: 31443672 PMCID: PMC6708179 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome is a rare disorder of urea cycle characterized by progressive pyramidal and cerebellar dysfunction, whose pathophysiology is not yet fully understood. Here we describe the spectrum of the long fibers involvement in HHH syndrome, attempting a correlation between clinical, electrophysiological and neuro-radiological data. METHODS Nine HHH patients were longitudinally evaluated by clinical examination, neurophysiological assessment including motor (MEPs), somato-sensory evoked potentials (PESS) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV), brain and spinal cord MRI RESULTS: All patients had pyramidal dysfunction and 3/9 an overt spastic paraplegia. Mild to moderate cerebellar signs were found in 7/9, intellectual disability in 8/9. At lower limbs, MEPs resulted abnormal in 7/8 patients and PESS in 2/8; peripheral sensory-motor neuropathy was found in 1/9. MRI documented atrophic changes in supra-tentorial brain regions in 6/9 patients, cerebellum in 6/9, spinal cord in 3/7. CONCLUSIONS A predominant corticospinal dysfunction is evident in HHH syndrome, along with milder cerebellar signs, intellectual disability of variable degree and rare peripheral neuropathy. Phenotypical similarities with other disorders affecting the urea cycle (argininemia and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase deficiency) suggest possible common mechanisms contributing in the maintenance of the corticospinal tract integrity. HHH syndrome phenotype largely overlaps with complex Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSPs), in the list of which it should be included, emphasizing the importance to screen all the unsolved cases of HSPs for metabolic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Olivieri
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Specialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pro
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRRCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daria Diodato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Capua
- Neurophysiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRRCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Longo
- Neuroradiology Unit, Imaging Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRRCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Specialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Specialties, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
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