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Kennerknecht I, Hämmerle JM, Fobker M, Nofer JR. Extreme founder effect associated with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia on the island of NIAS/Indonesia. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2024; 57:26-29. [PMID: 39161624 PMCID: PMC11331701 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The island of Nias/Indonesia shows an extremely reduced genetic diversity indicating a strong founder effect. As a consequence, the prevalence of some disease genes should significantly differ among populations depending on the gene pool passed on to the founder population and their successive expansion as it has already been documented for several monogenic diseases. Results of the current study based on routine laboratory blood examination give rise to the notion that this might also hold true for polygenic disorders. We observed very high prevalence of hyperglycemia (non-fasting glucose above 200 mg/dL in 14 % Nias population compared to 1.5 % in the population of the neighboring island of Sumatra) accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia, high non-HDL-cholesterol, and low HDL-cholesterol levels. These findings suggest that the Nias population may be disproportionally affected by prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. By contrast, laboratory parameters potentially indicative of other polygenic disorders such as total plasma cholesterol, electrolytes, creatinine, urea, and uric acid were comparable between the inhabitants of Nias and Sumatra islands. To our knowledge this is the first study suggesting that the extremely strong genetic bottleneck seen in the Nias population translates into the widespread metabolic disease with potentially deleterious influence on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Kennerknecht
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Fobker
- Central Laboratory Facility, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jerzy-Roch Nofer
- Central Laboratory Facility, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology and Transfusion Medicine, Maria-Hospital Osnabrück, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken GmbH, Germany
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2
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Yin H, Zhang M, Gu C, Li Z, Hao C, Wang J, Tian L, Xu K, Hu X, Ming L, Zhang M, Wang Z, Yang Y, Zhang D, Dai B. Discovery of Novel 2-Oxoacetamide Derivatives as B3GAT3 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10743-10773. [PMID: 38919032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Beta-1,3-glucuronosyltransferase (B3GAT3), overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and negatively correlated to prognosis, is a promising target for cancer therapy. Currently, no studies have reported small molecule inhibitors of B3GAT3. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of small-molecule inhibitors of B3GAT3 through virtual screening and structure optimization. The lead compound TMLB-C16 exhibited potent B3GAT3 inhibitory activity (KD = 3.962 μM) by effectively suppressing proliferation and migration, and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MHCC-97H (IC50= 6.53 ± 0.18 μM) and HCCLM3 (IC50= 6.22 ± 0.23 μM) cells. Furthermore, compound TMLB-C16 demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties with a relatively high bioavailability of 68.37%. It significantly inhibited tumor growth in both MHCC-97H and HCCLM3 xenograft tumor models without causing obvious toxicity. These results indicate that compound TMLB-C16 is an effective small molecule inhibitor of B3GAT3, providing a basis for the future development of B3GAT3-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yin
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Menghan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Congying Gu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chenyan Hao
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Junhui Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lulu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kang Xu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiangyu Hu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Liqin Ming
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhanbo Wang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dayong Zhang
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Beiying Dai
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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3
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Huang ZL, Xu B, Li TT, Xu YH, Huang XY, Huang XY. Integrative Analysis Identifies Cell-Type-Specific Genes Within Tumor Microenvironment as Prognostic Indicators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:878923. [PMID: 35707353 PMCID: PMC9190278 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.878923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, but effective early detection and prognostication methods are lacking. Methods The Cox regression model was built to stratify the HCC patients. The single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were employed to investigate the biological function of identified markers. PLCB1 gain- or loss-of-function experiments were performed, and obtained HCC samples were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry assay to validate the biological function of identified markers. Results In this study, we developed a model using optimized markers for HCC recurrence prediction. Specifically, we screened out 8 genes through a series of data analyses, and built a multivariable Cox model based on their expression. The risk stratifications using the Eight-Gene Cox (EGC) model were closely associated with the recurrence-free survivals (RFS) in both training and three validation cohorts. We further demonstrated that this risk stratification could serve as an independent predictor in predicting HCC recurrence, and that the EGC model could outperform other models. Moreover, we also investigated the cell-type-specific expression patterns of the eight recurrence-related genes in tumor microenvironment using single-cell RNA sequencing data, and interpreted their functional roles from correlation and gene set enrichment analyses, in vitro and in vivo experiments. Particularly, PLCB1 and SLC22A7 were predominantly expressed in malignant cells, and they were predicted to promote angiogenesis and to help maintain normal metabolism in liver, respectively. In contrast, both FASLG and IL2RB were specifically expressed in T cells, and were highly correlated with T cell marker genes, suggesting that these two genes might assist in maintaining normal function of T cell-mediated immune response in tumor tissues. Conclusion In conclusion, the EGC model and eight identified marker genes could not only facilitate the accurate prediction of HCC recurrence, but also improve our understanding of the mechanisms behind HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Li Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiology, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Hua Xu
- Department of Radiology, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yu Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Yan Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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4
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Schwartz NB, Domowicz MS. Roles of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans as Regulators of Skeletal Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:745372. [PMID: 35465334 PMCID: PMC9026158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.745372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critically important for most cellular processes including differentiation, morphogenesis, growth, survival and regeneration. The interplay between cells and the ECM often involves bidirectional signaling between ECM components and small molecules, i.e., growth factors, morphogens, hormones, etc., that regulate critical life processes. The ECM provides biochemical and contextual information by binding, storing, and releasing the bioactive signaling molecules, and/or mechanical information that signals from the cell membrane integrins through the cytoskeleton to the nucleus, thereby influencing cell phenotypes. Using these dynamic, reciprocal processes, cells can also remodel and reshape the ECM by degrading and re-assembling it, thereby sculpting their environments. In this review, we summarize the role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans as regulators of cell and tissue development using the skeletal growth plate model, with an emphasis on use of naturally occurring, or created mutants to decipher the role of proteoglycan components in signaling paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B. Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Nancy B. Schwartz,
| | - Miriam S. Domowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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5
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Li Y, Zhang C, Zhang H, Feng W, Wang Q, Fan R. Severe phenotypes of B3GAT3-related disorder caused by two heterozygous variants: a case report and literature review. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:27. [PMID: 35151321 PMCID: PMC8841085 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Linkeropathies refers to a series of extremely rare hereditary connective tissue diseases affected by various glycosyltransferases in the biosynthesis of proteoglycans. We report for the first time two heterozygous variants of B3GAT3 in a Chinese infant, in whom Marfan syndrome was suspected at birth. Case presentation A 2-month-old boy from a non-consanguineous Chinese family without a family history presented severe phenotypes of joint dislocation, obvious flexion contractures of the elbow, arachnodactyly with slightly adducted thumbs, cranial dysplasia, foot abnormalities and aortic root dilation; Marfan syndrome was suspected at birth. Our patient was the youngest, at the age of 2 months, to experience aortic root dilation. Two B3GAT3 variants, NM_012200.2, c.752T>C, p.V251A and c.47C>A, p.S16*, with heterozygosity were identified in the patient by whole-exome sequencing; the variants were inherited from his parents. During close follow-up, significant changes in the cranial profile and obvious external hydrocephalus were present at the age of 7 months, which differs from previously reported cases. Conclusion We diagnosed a patient with congenital heart defects at an early age with a B3GAT3-related disorder instead of Marfan syndrome and expanded the spectrum of B3GAT3-related disorders. We also provide a literature review of reported B3GAT3 cases; for at least one of the variants, this is the first report of genotype–phenotype correlations in individuals with cardiovascular defects being related to the acceptor substrate-binding subdomain of B3GAT3.
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6
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Hellicar J, Stevenson NL, Stephens DJ, Lowe M. Supply chain logistics - the role of the Golgi complex in extracellular matrix production and maintenance. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:273996. [PMID: 35023559 PMCID: PMC8767278 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomechanical and biochemical properties of connective tissues are determined by the composition and quality of their extracellular matrix. This, in turn, is highly dependent on the function and organisation of the secretory pathway. The Golgi complex plays a vital role in directing matrix output by co-ordinating the post-translational modification and proteolytic processing of matrix components prior to their secretion. These modifications have broad impacts on the secretion and subsequent assembly of matrix components, as well as their function in the extracellular environment. In this Review, we highlight the role of the Golgi in the formation of an adaptable, healthy matrix, with a focus on proteoglycan and procollagen secretion as example cargoes. We then discuss the impact of Golgi dysfunction on connective tissue in the context of human disease and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hellicar
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673
| | - Nicola L Stevenson
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David J Stephens
- Cell Biology Laboratories, School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, The Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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7
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Mizumoto S, Yamada S. Congenital Disorders of Deficiency in Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:717535. [PMID: 34539746 PMCID: PMC8446454 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.717535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and heparan sulfate are covalently attached to specific core proteins to form proteoglycans, which are distributed at the cell surface as well as in the extracellular matrix. Proteoglycans and GAGs have been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of physiological functions such as construction of the extracellular matrix, tissue development, and cell signaling through interactions with extracellular matrix components, morphogens, cytokines, and growth factors. Not only connective tissue disorders including skeletal dysplasia, chondrodysplasia, multiple exostoses, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, but also heart and kidney defects, immune deficiencies, and neurological abnormalities have been shown to be caused by defects in GAGs as well as core proteins of proteoglycans. These findings indicate that GAGs and proteoglycans are essential for human development in major organs. The glycobiological aspects of congenital disorders caused by defects in GAG-biosynthetic enzymes including specific glysocyltransferases, epimerases, and sulfotransferases, in addition to core proteins of proteoglycans will be comprehensively discussed based on the literature to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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8
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Bolund ACS, Langdahl B, Laurberg TB, Hellfritzsch MB, Gjørup H, Møller-Madsen B, Nielsen TØ, Farholt S, Gregersen PA. B3GAT3-related linkeropathy and an in-frame homozygous deletion in an adult patient. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104342. [PMID: 34537402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteoglycans (PGs) are complex macromolecules consisting of a core protein and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains. PGs are important for the constitution and functioning of the connective tissue. The normal composition of the GAG side chains defines the nature of the PGs and a wide range of biological events. Deficiencies of specific enzymes involved in the linkage of GAGs to the core protein to form functional PGs, lead to a heterogeneous disease group called Linkeropathies. This is a group of multisystem conditions characterized by different phenotypes that include skeletal dysplasia and various extra-skeletal features: developmental delay/intellectual disability, ophthalmological abnormalities including blue sclerae, facial characteristics, cardiac defects, abdominal wall defects (hernias), cutis laxa, hypermobility and hypotonia. The conditions show variable severity and often overlapping phenotypes. The enzyme β-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 3, encoded by B3GAT3, is involved in the linkage process to form functional PGs. Biallelic pathogenic variants in B3GAT3 hence lead to Linkeropathy due to loss of function or decreased activity of this enzyme. PATIENT PRESENTATION We describe a 22-year-old female patient, born of consanguineous parents. The disease history includes congenital severe joint malalignment of elbows, hips, knees and feet, hypermobility, severe kyphoscoliosis, osteoporosis with multiple fractures in childhood, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, minor dental anomalies, digital malformations, and characteristic facial features. Whole exome sequencing was performed, and homozygosity for a novel in-frame deletion in B3GAT3, (c.61_63delCTC (p.(Leu21del))) was detected. Both unaffected parents (double second cousins) were shown to be heterozygous carriers. CONCLUSION This is the first report to describe homozygosity for this specific in-frame deletion in B3GAT3 (p.(Leu21del)). We present a young adult phenotype and a summary of previous reported patients with other biallelic B3GAT3-variants for comparison. Previously described patients of B3GAT3-deficiency were, however, all children with phenotypes ranging from prenatal manifestation and early lethality to less severe. We suggest that this novel homozygous in-frame deletion in B3GAT3 may be the cause of a recessive form of Linkeropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli C S Bolund
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Bente Langdahl
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine B Laurberg
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Hans Gjørup
- Center for Oral Health in Rare Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Møller-Madsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Ø Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Stense Farholt
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille A Gregersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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9
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Kai Y, Yoneyama H, Yoshikawa M, Kimura H, Muro S. Chondroitin sulfate in tissue remodeling: Therapeutic implications for pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Investig 2021; 59:576-588. [PMID: 34176780 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, while idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by dysregulated tissue repair and remodeling. Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, and antifibrotic drugs, like pirfenidone and nintedanib, are used in IPF therapy. However, their limited effects suggest that single mediators are inadequate to control IPF. Therefore, therapies targeting the multifactorial cascades that regulate tissue remodeling in fibrosis could provide alternate solutions. ECM molecules have been shown to modulate various biological functions beyond tissue structure support and thus, could be developed into novel therapeutic targets for modulating tissue remodeling. Among ECM molecules, glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are linear polysaccharides consisting of repeated disaccharides, which regulate cell-matrix interactions. Chondroitin sulfate (CS), one of the major GAGs, binds to multifactorial mediators in the ECM and reportedly participates in tissue remodeling in various diseases; however, to date, its biological functions have drawn considerably less attention than other GAGs, like heparan sulfate. In the present review, we discuss the involvement and regulation of CS in tissue remodeling and pulmonary fibrotic diseases, its role in pulmonary fibrosis, and the therapeutic approaches targeting CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Kai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-city, Nara, 634-8522, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Minami-Nara General Medical Center, 8-1 Fukugami, Oyodo-cho, Yoshino-gun, Nara, 638-8551, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Yoneyama
- TME Therapeutics Inc., 2-16-1 Higashi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0021, Japan.
| | - Masanori Yoshikawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-city, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Respiratory Disease Center, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, 3-1-24 Matsuyama, Kiyose-city, Tokyo, 204-8522, Japan.
| | - Shigeo Muro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara-city, Nara, 634-8522, Japan.
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10
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Dubail J, Cormier-Daire V. Chondrodysplasias With Multiple Dislocations Caused by Defects in Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis. Front Genet 2021; 12:642097. [PMID: 34220933 PMCID: PMC8242584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.642097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations form a group of severe disorders characterized by joint laxity and multiple dislocations, severe short stature of pre- and post-natal onset, hand anomalies, and/or vertebral anomalies. The majority of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations have been associated with mutations in genes encoding glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, and transporters implicated in the synthesis or sulfation of glycosaminoglycans, long and unbranched polysaccharides composed of repeated disaccharide bond to protein core of proteoglycan. Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis is a tightly regulated process that occurs mainly in the Golgi and that requires the coordinated action of numerous enzymes and transporters as well as an adequate Golgi environment. Any disturbances of this chain of reactions will lead to the incapacity of a cell to construct correct glycanic chains. This review focuses on genetic and glycobiological studies of chondrodysplasias with multiple dislocations associated with glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis defects and related animal models. Strong comprehension of the molecular mechanisms leading to those disorders, mostly through extensive phenotypic analyses of in vitro and/or in vivo models, is essential for the development of novel biomarkers for clinical screenings and innovative therapeutics for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Dubail
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Cormier-Daire
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Pour Les Maladies Osseuses Constitutionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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11
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Byrne AB, Mizumoto S, Arts P, Yap P, Feng J, Schreiber AW, Babic M, King-Smith SL, Barnett CP, Moore L, Sugahara K, Mutlu-Albayrak H, Nishimura G, Liebelt JE, Yamada S, Savarirayan R, Scott HS. Pseudodiastrophic dysplasia expands the known phenotypic spectrum of defects in proteoglycan biosynthesis. J Med Genet 2020; 57:454-460. [PMID: 31988067 PMCID: PMC7361035 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Pseudodiastrophic dysplasia (PDD) is a severe skeletal dysplasia associated with prenatal manifestation and early lethality. Clinically, PDD is classified as a ‘dysplasia with multiple joint dislocations’; however, the molecular aetiology of the disorder is currently unknown. Methods Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on three patients from two unrelated families, clinically diagnosed with PDD, in order to identify the underlying genetic cause. The functional effects of the identified variants were characterised using primary cells and human cell-based overexpression assays. Results WES resulted in the identification of biallelic variants in the established skeletal dysplasia genes, B3GAT3 (family 1) and CANT1 (family 2). Mutations in these genes have previously been reported to cause ‘multiple joint dislocations, short stature, and craniofacial dysmorphism with or without congenital heart defects’ (‘JDSCD’; B3GAT3) and Desbuquois dysplasia 1 (CANT1), disorders in the same nosological group as PDD. Follow-up of the B3GAT3 variants demonstrated significantly reduced B3GAT3/GlcAT-I expression. Downstream in vitro functional analysis revealed abolished biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan side chains on proteoglycans. Functional evaluation of the CANT1 variant showed impaired nucleotidase activity, which results in inhibition of glycosaminoglycan synthesis through accumulation of uridine diphosphate. Conclusion For the families described in this study, the PDD phenotype was caused by mutations in the known skeletal dysplasia genes B3GAT3 and CANT1, demonstrating the advantage of genomic analyses in delineating the molecular diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias. This finding expands the phenotypic spectrum of B3GAT3-related and CANT1-related skeletal dysplasias to include PDD and highlights the significant phenotypic overlap of conditions within the proteoglycan biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia B Byrne
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.,Research Center for Pathogenesis of Intractable Diseases, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peer Arts
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick Yap
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Genetic Health Service New Zealand (Northern Hub), Auckland, New Zealand.,Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jinghua Feng
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andreas W Schreiber
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Milena Babic
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah L King-Smith
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher P Barnett
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lynette Moore
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Surgical Pathology, Women's and Children's Hospital, SA Pathology, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hatice Mutlu-Albayrak
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Cengiz Gökcek Obstetrics and Children's Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Gen Nishimura
- Department of Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jan E Liebelt
- South Australian Clinical Genetics Service, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.,Research Center for Pathogenesis of Intractable Diseases, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ravi Savarirayan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia .,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,ACRF Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An alliance between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Genomics Health Alliance, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Mizumoto S. [Hereditary Skeletal and Skin Disorders Caused by Defects in the Biosynthesis of Chondroitin/Dermatan Sulfate, and Molecular Mechanisms of Pulmonary Metastasis]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:1495-1500. [PMID: 31787635 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The roles of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) have been demonstrated in various biological events such as the construction of the extracellular matrix, tissue development, and cell signaling through interactions with extracellular matrix components, morphogens, and growth factors. Human genetic diseases, including skeletal abnormalities, connective tissue diseases, and heart defects, were reported to be caused by mutations in the genes encoding glycosyltransferases, epimerases, and sulfotransferases that are responsible for the biosynthesis of CS and DS. Glycobiological approaches revealed that mutations in CS- and DS-biosynthetic enzymes led to reductions in their enzymatic activities and in the levels of CS and DS. Furthermore, CS at the surface of tumor cells plays a key role in pulmonary metastasis. A receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) was predominantly expressed in the lung, and was identified as a functional receptor for CS chains. CS and anti-RAGE antibodies inhibited the pulmonary metastasis of not only Lewis lung carcinoma but also B16 melanoma cells. Hence, RAGE and CS are potential targets of drug discovery for pulmonary metastasis and a number of other pathological conditions involving RAGE in the pathogenetic mechanism. This review provides an overview of glycobiological studies on characterized genetic disorders caused by the impaired biosynthesis of CS, as well as DS, and on the pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells involving CS and RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
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13
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Caraffi SG, Maini I, Ivanovski I, Pollazzon M, Giangiobbe S, Valli M, Rossi A, Sassi S, Faccioli S, Rocco MD, Magnani C, Campos-Xavier B, Unger S, Superti-Furga A, Garavelli L. Severe Peripheral Joint Laxity is a Distinctive Clinical Feature of Spondylodysplastic-Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)- B4GALT7 and Spondylodysplastic-EDS- B3GALT6. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100799. [PMID: 31614862 PMCID: PMC6826576 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in genes encoding for the enzymes responsible for synthesizing the linker region of proteoglycans may result in recessive conditions known as "linkeropathies". The two phenotypes related to mutations in genes B4GALT7 and B3GALT6 (encoding for galactosyltransferase I and II respectively) are similar, characterized by short stature, hypotonia, joint hypermobility, skeletal features and a suggestive face with prominent forehead, thin soft tissue and prominent eyes. The most outstanding feature of these disorders is the combination of severe connective tissue involvement, often manifesting in newborns and infants, and skeletal dysplasia that becomes apparent during childhood. Here, we intend to more accurately define some of the clinical features of B4GALT7 and B3GALT6-related conditions and underline the extreme hypermobility of distal joints and the soft, doughy skin on the hands and feet as features that may be useful as the first clues for a correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Giuseppe Caraffi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Maini
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Azienda USL of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Ivan Ivanovski
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Marzia Pollazzon
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Sara Giangiobbe
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Maurizia Valli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Sassi
- Rehabilitation Pediatric Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Faccioli
- Rehabilitation Pediatric Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Maja Di Rocco
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Magnani
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maternal and Child Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy.
| | - Belinda Campos-Xavier
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sheila Unger
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea Superti-Furga
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Livia Garavelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maternal and Child Health Department, Azienda USL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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14
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Further Defining the Phenotypic Spectrum of B3GAT3 Mutations and Literature Review on Linkeropathy Syndromes. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090631. [PMID: 31438591 PMCID: PMC6770791 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The term linkeropathies (LKs) refers to a group of rare heritable connective tissue disorders, characterized by a variable degree of short stature, skeletal dysplasia, joint laxity, cutaneous anomalies, dysmorphism, heart malformation, and developmental delay. The LK genes encode for enzymes that add glycosaminoglycan chains onto proteoglycans via a common tetrasaccharide linker region. Biallelic variants in XYLT1 and XYLT2, encoding xylosyltransferases, are associated with Desbuquois dysplasia type 2 and spondylo-ocular syndrome, respectively. Defects in B4GALT7 and B3GALT6, encoding galactosyltransferases, lead to spondylodysplastic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (spEDS). Mutations in B3GAT3, encoding a glucuronyltransferase, were described in 25 patients from 12 families with variable phenotypes resembling Larsen, Antley-Bixler, Shprintzen-Goldberg, and Geroderma osteodysplastica syndromes. Herein, we report on a 13-year-old girl with a clinical presentation suggestive of spEDS, according to the 2017 EDS nosology, in whom compound heterozygosity for two B3GAT3 likely pathogenic variants was identified. We review the spectrum of B3GAT3-related disorders and provide a comparison of all LK patients reported up to now, highlighting that LKs are a phenotypic continuum bridging EDS and skeletal disorders, hence offering future nosologic perspectives.
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15
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Colman M, Van Damme T, Steichen-Gersdorf E, Laccone F, Nampoothiri S, Syx D, Guillemyn B, Symoens S, Malfait F. The clinical and mutational spectrum of B3GAT3 linkeropathy: two case reports and literature review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:138. [PMID: 31196143 PMCID: PMC6567438 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Proteoglycans are large and structurally complex macromolecules which can be found in abundancy in the extracellular matrix and on the surface of all animal cells. Mutations in the genes encoding the enzymes responsible for the formation of the tetrasaccharide linker region between the proteoglycan core protein and the glycosaminoglycan side chains lead to a spectrum of severe and overlapping autosomal recessive connective tissue disorders, collectively coined the ‘glycosaminoglycan linkeropathies’. Results We report the clinical findings of two novel patients with a complex linkeropathy due to biallelic mutations in B3GAT3, the gene that encodes glucuronosyltransferase I, which catalyzes the addition of the ultimate saccharide to the linker region. We identified a previously reported c.667G > A missense mutation and an unreported homozygous c.416C > T missense mutation. We also performed a genotype and phenotype-oriented literature overview of all hitherto reported patients harbouring B3GAT3 mutations. A total of 23 patients from 10 families harbouring bi-allelic mutations and one patient with a heterozygeous splice-site mutation in B3GAT3 have been reported. They all display a complex phenotype characterized by consistent presence of skeletal dysplasia (including short stature, kyphosis, scoliosis and deformity of the long bones), facial dysmorphology, and spatulate distal phalanges. More variably present are cardiac defects, joint hypermobility, joint dislocations/contractures and fractures. Seven different B3GAT3 mutations have been reported, and although the number of patients is still limited, some phenotype-genotype correlations start to emerge. The more severe phenotypes seem to have mutations located in the substrate acceptor subdomain of the catalytic domain of the glucuronosyltransferase I protein while more mildly affected phenotypes seem to have mutations in the NTP-sugar donor substrate binding subdomain. Conclusions Loss-of-function mutations in B3GAT3 are associated with a complex connective tissue phenotype characterized by disproportionate short stature, skeletal dysplasia, facial dysmorphism, spatulate distal phalanges and -to a lesser extent- joint contractures, joint hypermobility with dislocations, cardiac defects and bone fragility. Based on the limited number of reported patients, some genotype-phenotype correlations start to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Colman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 0K5, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Van Damme
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 0K5, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Kerala, India
| | - Delfien Syx
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 0K5, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Brecht Guillemyn
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 0K5, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 0K5, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, 0K5, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Van Damme T, Pang X, Guillemyn B, Gulberti S, Syx D, De Rycke R, Kaye O, de Die-Smulders CEM, Pfundt R, Kariminejad A, Nampoothiri S, Pierquin G, Bulk S, Larson AA, Chatfield KC, Simon M, Legrand A, Gerard M, Symoens S, Fournel-Gigleux S, Malfait F. Biallelic B3GALT6 mutations cause spondylodysplastic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3475-3487. [PMID: 29931299 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are among the most abundant and structurally complex biomacromolecules and play critical roles in connective tissues. They are composed of a core protein onto which glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains are attached via a linker region. Biallelic mutations in B3GALT6, encoding one of the linker region glycosyltransferases, are known to cause either spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia (SEMD) or a severe pleiotropic form of Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS). This study provides clinical, molecular and biochemical data on 12 patients with biallelic B3GALT6 mutations. Notably, all patients have features of both EDS and SEMD. In addition, some patients have severe and potential life-threatening complications such as aortic dilatation and aneurysm, cervical spine instability and respiratory insufficiency. Whole-exome sequencing, next generation panel sequencing and direct sequencing identified biallelic B3GALT6 mutations in all patients. We show that these mutations reduce the amount of β3GalT6 protein and lead to a complete loss of galactosyltransferase activity. In turn, this leads to deficient GAG synthesis, and ultrastructural abnormalities in collagen fibril organization. In conclusion, this study redefines the phenotype associated with B3GALT6 mutations on the basis of clinical, molecular and biochemical data in 12 patients, and provides an in-depth assessment of β3GalT6 activity and GAG synthesis to better understand this rare condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Van Damme
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaomeng Pang
- MolCelTEG Team, UMR 7365 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Brecht Guillemyn
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Gulberti
- MolCelTEG Team, UMR 7365 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Delfien Syx
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology and Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Inflammation Research and BioImaging Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Kaye
- Centre de Rhumatologie, CHR de la Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | | | - Saskia Bulk
- Service de Génétique Médicale, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Austin A Larson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kathryn C Chatfield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marleen Simon
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anne Legrand
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Paris Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire-PARCC, INSERM U970-Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marion Gerard
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Fransiska Malfait
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Mizumoto S. Defects in Biosynthesis of Glycosaminoglycans Cause Hereditary Bone, Skin, Heart, Immune, and Neurological Disorders. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1812.2j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
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18
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Novel Splicing Mutation in B3GAT3 Associated with Short Stature, GH Deficiency, Hypoglycaemia, Developmental Delay, and Multiple Congenital Anomalies. Case Rep Genet 2017; 2017:3941483. [PMID: 29318063 PMCID: PMC5727645 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3941483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
B3GAT3, encoding β-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 3, has an important role in proteoglycan biosynthesis. Homozygous B3GAT3 mutations have been associated with short stature, skeletal deformities, and congenital heart defects. We describe for the first time a novel heterozygous splice site mutation in B3GAT3 contributing to severe short stature, growth hormone (GH) deficiency, recurrent ketotic hypoglycaemia, facial dysmorphism, and congenital heart defects. A female infant, born at 34 weeks' gestation to nonconsanguineous Caucasian parents with a birth weight of 1.9 kg, was noted to have cloacal abnormality, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, and congenital sensorineural deafness. At 4 years of age, she was diagnosed with GH deficiency due to her short stature (height < 2.5 SD). MRI of the pituitary gland revealed a small anterior pituitary. She has multiple dysmorphic features: anteverted nares, small upturned nose, hypertelorism, slight frontal bossing, short proximal bones, hypermobile joints, and downslanting palpebral fissures. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the genomic DNA from the patient and biological mother. A heterozygous mutation in B3GAT3 (c.888+262T>G) in the invariant “GT” splice donor site was identified. This variant is considered to be pathogenic as it decreases the splicing efficiency in the mRNA.
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19
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B3GAT3-related disorder with craniosynostosis and bone fragility due to a unique mutation. Genet Med 2017; 20:269-274. [PMID: 28771243 DOI: 10.1038/gim.2017.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeBased on prenatal suspicion of the combination of radioulnar or radiohumeral synostosis and a peculiar shape of the skull suggestive of craniosynostosis, we report on six patients from four unrelated consanguineous families in whom Antley-Bixler syndrome was suspected during the prenatal period without mutation in genes known to be associated with the syndrome.MethodsMolecular diagnosis involved whole-exome and gene-panel sequencing. RESULTS All sequenced patients showed a unique homozygous mutation of c.667G>A, p.Gly223Ser (NM_012200) in the beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 3 (B3GAT3) gene known to be involved in linkeropathy syndrome. Linkeropathies correspond to a recently identified group of heterogeneous genetic syndromes along a spectrum of skeletal and connective tissue disorders. These patients featured mainly craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, bilateral radioulnar synostosis, multiple neonatal fractures, dislocated joints, joint contracture, long fingers, foot deformity, and cardiovascular abnormalities. All died before 1 year of age.ConclusionWe identified a novel B3GAT3-related disorder with craniosynostosis and bone fragility, due to a unique homozygous mutation in B3GAT3. This syndrome should be considered in the prenatal period in light of the severe outcome and as an alternative diagnosis to Antley-Bixler or Shprintzen-Goldberg syndrome.
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20
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Job F, Mizumoto S, Smith L, Couser N, Brazil A, Saal H, Patterson M, Gibson MI, Soden S, Miller N, Thiffault I, Saunders C, Yamada S, Hoffmann K, Sugahara K, Farrow E. Functional validation of novel compound heterozygous variants in B3GAT3 resulting in severe osteopenia and fractures: expanding the disease phenotype. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:86. [PMID: 27871226 PMCID: PMC5117547 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background A new disease class of syndromes, described as linkeropathies, which are derived from defects in the glycosaminoglycan-linker region as well as glycosaminoglycan-side chains of proteoglycans is increasingly being recognized as a cause of human disease. Proteoglycans are an essential component of the extracellular matrix. Defects in the enzymatic process of proteoglycan synthesis broadly occur due to the incorrect addition of side chains. Previously, homozygous missense variants within the B3GAT3 gene encoding beta 1,3 glucuronyltransferase 3(GlcAT-I) responsible for the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans have been described in 7 individuals. Case presentation In this study, a 4-year-old patient with a severe phenotype of osteoporosis, hypotonia, joint laxity, fractures, scoliosis, biscuspid aortic valve and myopia was referred for next generation sequencing after extensive negative clinical testing. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the proband and his unaffected parents to identify the molecular basis of his disease. Sequencing revealed compound heterozygous variants in B3GAT3: c.1A > G (p.Met1?) and c.671 T > A (p.L224Q). Clinical and in vitro functional studies were then completed to verify the pathogenicity of the genotype and further characterize the functional basis of the patient’s disease demonstrating the patient had a decrease both in the protein level of B3GAT3 and in the glucuronyltransferase activity when compared to control samples. Independent in vitro assessment of each variant confirmed the B3GAT3: c.1A > G (p.Met1?) variant is functionally null and the c.671 T > A (p.L224Q) missense variant has significantly reduced glucuronyltransferase activity (~3% of control). Conclusions This is the first report of a patient with compound heterozygosity for a null variant in trans with a missense in B3GAT3 resulting in a severe phenotype, expanding both the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of B3GAT3-related disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-016-0344-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Job
- Institute for Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Laurie Smith
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Natario Couser
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ashley Brazil
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Howard Saal
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Melanie Patterson
- Department of Pathology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Margaret I Gibson
- Department of Pathology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Soden
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Neil Miller
- Department of Medical Informatics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Department of Pathology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Carol Saunders
- Department of Pathology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Katrin Hoffmann
- Institute for Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 2, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan. .,The Laboratory of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Emily Farrow
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA. .,Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, 2420 Pershing, Suite 100, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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21
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Sasarman F, Maftei C, Campeau PM, Brunel-Guitton C, Mitchell GA, Allard P. Biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans: associated disorders and biochemical tests. J Inherit Metab Dis 2016; 39:173-88. [PMID: 26689402 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9903-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are long, unbranched heteropolymers with repeating disaccharide units that make up the carbohydrate moiety of proteoglycans. Six distinct classes of GAGs are recognized. Their synthesis follows one of three biosynthetic pathways, depending on the type of oligosaccharide linker they contain. Chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and heparin sulfate contain a common tetrasaccharide linker that is O-linked to specific serine residues in core proteins. Keratan sulfate can contain three different linkers, either N-linked to asparagine or O-linked to serine/threonine residues in core proteins. Finally, hyaluronic acid does not contain a linker and is not covalently attached to a core protein. Most inborn errors of GAG biosynthesis are reported in small numbers of patients. To date, in 20 diseases, convincing evidence for pathogenicity has been presented for mutations in a total of 16 genes encoding glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, epimerases or transporters. GAG synthesis defects should be suspected in patients with a combination of characteristic clinical features in more than one connective tissue compartment: bone and cartilage (short long bones with or without scoliosis), ligaments (joint laxity/dislocations), and subepithelial (skin, sclerae). Some produce distinct clinical syndromes. The commonest laboratory tests used for this group of diseases are analysis of GAGs, enzyme assays, and molecular testing. In principle, GAG analysis has potential as a general first-line diagnostic test for GAG biosynthesis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Sasarman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Catalina Maftei
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Catherine Brunel-Guitton
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Grant A Mitchell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Pierre Allard
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
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22
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Bartram MP, Habbig S, Pahmeyer C, Höhne M, Weber LT, Thiele H, Altmüller J, Kottoor N, Wenzel A, Krueger M, Schermer B, Benzing T, Rinschen MM, Beck BB. Three-layered proteomic characterization of a novel ACTN4 mutation unravels its pathogenic potential in FSGS. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1152-64. [PMID: 26740551 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic diseases constitute the most important cause for end-stage renal disease in children and adolescents. Mutations in the ACTN4 gene, encoding the actin-binding protein α-actinin-4, are a rare cause of autosomal dominant familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Here, we report the identification of a novel, disease-causing ACTN4 mutation (p.G195D, de novo) in a sporadic case of childhood FSGS using next generation sequencing. Proteome analysis by quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) of patient-derived urinary epithelial cells indicated that ACTN4 levels were significantly decreased when compared with healthy controls. By resolving the peptide bearing the mutated residue, we could proof that the mutant protein is less abundant when compared with the wild-type protein. Further analyses revealed that the decreased stability of p.G195D is associated with increased ubiquitylation in the vicinity of the mutation site. We next defined the ACTN4 interactome, which was predominantly composed of cytoskeletal modulators and LIM domain-containing proteins. Interestingly, this entire group of proteins, including several highly specific ACTN4 interactors, was globally decreased in the patient-derived cells. Taken together, these data suggest a mechanistic link between ACTN4 instability and proteome perturbations of the ACTN4 interactome. Our findings advance the understanding of dominant effects exerted by ACTN4 mutations in FSGS. This study illustrates the potential of genomics and complementary, high-resolution proteomics analyses to study the pathogenicity of rare gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte P Bartram
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Habbig
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Caroline Pahmeyer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Höhne
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcus Krueger
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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23
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Mutations in Biosynthetic Enzymes for the Protein Linker Region of Chondroitin/Dermatan/Heparan Sulfate Cause Skeletal and Skin Dysplasias. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:861752. [PMID: 26582078 PMCID: PMC4637088 DOI: 10.1155/2015/861752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans, including chondroitin, dermatan, and heparan sulfate, have various roles in a wide range of biological events such as cell signaling, cell proliferation, tissue morphogenesis, and interactions with various growth factors. Their polysaccharides covalently attach to the serine residues on specific core proteins through the common linker region tetrasaccharide, -xylose-galactose-galactose-glucuronic acid, which is produced through the stepwise addition of respective monosaccharides by four distinct glycosyltransferases. Mutations in the human genes encoding the glycosyltransferases responsible for the biosynthesis of the linker region tetrasaccharide cause a number of genetic disorders, called glycosaminoglycan linkeropathies, including Desbuquois dysplasia type 2, spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and Larsen syndrome. This review focused on recent studies on genetic diseases caused by defects in the biosynthesis of the common linker region tetrasaccharide.
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24
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Concannon MR, Albertson RC. The genetic and developmental basis of an exaggerated craniofacial trait in East African cichlids. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2015; 324:662-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moira R. Concannon
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Morrill Science Center South; Amherst Massachusetts
| | - R. Craig Albertson
- Department of Biology; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Morrill Science Center; Amherst Massachusetts
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