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Wei C, Zhang H, Fu M, Ye J, Yao B. Novel compound heterozygous variants in the CSPP1 gene causes Joubert syndrome: case report and literature review of the CSPP1 gene's pathogenic mechanism. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1305754. [PMID: 38586154 PMCID: PMC10995352 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1305754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental condition characterized by congenital mid-hindbrain abnormalities and a variety of clinical manifestations. This article describes a case of Joubert syndrome type 21 with microcephaly, seizures, developmental delay and language regression, caused by a CSPP1 gene variant and examines the contributing variables. This paper advances the understanding of JS by summarizing the literature and offering detection patterns for practitioners with clinical suspicions of JS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jingping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Baozhen Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Boyang H, Yangyanqiu W, Wenting R, Chenxin Y, Jian C, Zhanbo Q, Yanjun Y, Qiang Y, Shuwen H. Application and progress of highcontent imaging in molecular biology. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300170. [PMID: 37639283 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Humans have adopted many different methods to explore matter imaging, among which high content imaging (HCI) could conduct automated imaging analysis of cells while maintaining its structural and functional integrity. Meanwhile, as one of the most important research tools for diagnosing human diseases, HCI is widely used in the frontier of medical research, and its future application has attracted researchers' great interests. Here, the meaning of HCI was briefly explained, the history of optical imaging and the birth of HCI were described, and the experimental methods of HCI were described. Furthermore, the directions of the application of HCI were highlighted in five aspects: protein localization changes, gene identification, chemical and genetic analysis, microbiology, and drug discovery. Most importantly, some challenges and future directions of HCI were discussed, and the application and optimization of HCI were expected to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Boyang
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Wang Yangyanqiu
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Rui Wenting
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yan Chenxin
- Shulan International Medical School, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chu Jian
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Qu Zhanbo
- Fifth Affiliated Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Yao Yanjun
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Yan Qiang
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Han Shuwen
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Huzhou, China
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Chen W, Perkins TJ, Rudnicki MA. Quantification of Muscle Satellite Stem Cell Divisions by High-Content Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2587:537-553. [PMID: 36401049 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2772-3_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-content screening is commonly performed on 2D cultured cells, which is high throughput but has low biological relevance. In contrast, single myofiber culture assay preserves the satellite cell niche between the basal lamina and sarcolemma and consequently has high biological relevance but is low throughput. We describe here a high-content screening method that utilizes single myofiber culture that addresses the caveats of both techniques. Our method utilizes the transgenic reporter allele Myf5-Cre:R26R-eYFP to differentiate stem and committed cells within a dividing couplet that can be quantified by high-content throughput immunodetection and bioinformatic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Chen
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Theodore J Perkins
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Nazlamova L, Villa Vasquez SS, Lord J, Karthik V, Cheung MK, Lakowski J, Wheway G. Microtubule modification defects underlie cilium degeneration in cell models of retinitis pigmentosa associated with pre-mRNA splicing factor mutations. Front Genet 2022; 13:1009430. [PMID: 36176300 PMCID: PMC9513239 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1009430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common cause of hereditary blindness, and may occur in isolation as a non-syndromic condition or alongside other features in a syndromic presentation. Biallelic or monoallelic mutations in one of eight genes encoding pre-mRNA splicing factors are associated with non-syndromic RP. The molecular mechanism of disease remains incompletely understood, limiting opportunities for targeted treatment. Here we use CRISPR and base edited PRPF6 and PRPF31 mutant cell lines, and publicly-available data from human PRPF31+/− patient derived retinal organoids and PRPF31 siRNA-treated organotypic retinal cultures to confirm an enrichment of differential splicing of microtubule, centrosomal, cilium and DNA damage response pathway genes in these cells. We show that genes with microtubule/centrosome/centriole/cilium gene ontology terms are enriched for weak 3′ and 5′ splice sites, and that subtle defects in spliceosome activity predominantly affect efficiency of splicing of these exons. We suggest that the primary defect in PRPF6 or PRPF31 mutant cells is microtubule and centrosomal defects, leading to defects in cilium and mitotic spindle stability, with the latter leading to DNA damage, triggering differential splicing of DNA damage response genes to activate this pathway. Finally, we expand understanding of “splicing factor RP” by investigating the function of TTLL3, one of the most statistically differentially expressed genes in PRPF6 and PRPF31 mutant cells. We identify that TTLL3 is the only tubulin glycylase expressed in the human retina, essential for monoglycylation of microtubules of the cilium, including the retinal photoreceptor cilium, to prevent cilium degeneration and retinal degeneration. Our preliminary data suggest that rescue of tubulin glycylation through overexpression of TTLL3 is sufficient to rescue cilium number in PRPF6 and PRPF31 mutant cells, suggesting that this defect underlies the cellular defect and may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention in this group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Nazlamova
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Suly Saray Villa Vasquez
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Lord
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Varshini Karthik
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Man-Kim Cheung
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jörn Lakowski
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gabrielle Wheway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Gabrielle Wheway,
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Modeling PRPF31 retinitis pigmentosa using retinal pigment epithelium and organoids combined with gene augmentation rescue. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:39. [PMID: 35974011 PMCID: PMC9381579 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the ubiquitously expressed pre-mRNA processing factor (PRPF) 31 gene, one of the most common causes of dominant form of Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), lead to a retina-specific phenotype. It is uncertain which retinal cell types are affected and animal models do not clearly present the RP phenotype observed in PRPF31 patients. Retinal organoids and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide potential opportunities for studying human PRPF31-related RP. We demonstrate here that RPE cells carrying PRPF31 mutations present important morphological and functional changes and that PRPF31-mutated retinal organoids recapitulate the human RP phenotype, with a rod photoreceptor cell death followed by a loss of cones. The low level of PRPF31 expression may explain the defective phenotypes of PRPF31-mutated RPE and photoreceptor cells, which were not observed in cells derived from asymptomatic patients or after correction of the pathogenic mutation by CRISPR/Cas9. Transcriptome profiles revealed differentially expressed and mis-spliced genes belonging to pathways in line with the observed defective phenotypes. The rescue of RPE and photoreceptor defective phenotypes by PRPF31 gene augmentation provide the proof of concept for future therapeutic strategies.
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Sun C, Zhou J, Meng X. Primary cilia in retinal pigment epithelium development and diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9084-9088. [PMID: 34448530 PMCID: PMC8500982 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly polarized epithelial monolayer lying between the photoreceptor layer and the Bruch membrane. It is essential for vision through participating in many critical activities, including phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments, recycling the visual cycle‐related compounds, forming a barrier to control the transport of nutrients, ions, and water, and the removal of waste. Primary cilia are conservatively present in almost all the vertebrate cells and acts as a sensory organelle to control tissue development and homeostasis maintenance. Numerous studies reveal that abnormalities in RPE lead to various retinal diseases, such as age‐related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema, but the mechanism of primary cilia in these physiological and pathological activities remains to be elucidated. Herein, we summarize the functions of primary cilia in the RPE development and the mutations of ciliary genes identified in RPE‐related diseases. By highlighting the significance of primary cilia in regulating the physiological and pathological processes of RPE, we aim to provide novel insights for the treatment of RPE‐related retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Meng
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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