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CXCR4-Overexpressing Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Protection against Radiation-Induced Lung Injury. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2457082. [PMID: 30867667 PMCID: PMC6379846 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2457082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Less quantity of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) influences the therapeutic effects on radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). Previous studies have demonstrated that MSCs overexpressing Chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) could increase the quantity of transplanted cells to local tissues. In the present study, we conducted overexpressing CXCR4 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (HUMSC) therapy for RILI. C57BL mice received single dose of thoracic irradiation with 13 Gy of X-rays and then were administered saline, control HUMSCs, or CXCR4-overexpressing HUMSCs via tail vein. Transfection with CXCR4 enhanced the quantity of transplanted HUMSCs in the radiation-induced injured lung tissues. CXCR4-overexpressing HUMSCs not only improved histopathological changes but also decreased the radiation-induced expression of SDF-1, TGF-β1, α-SMA, and collagen I and inhibited the radiation-induced decreased expression of E-cadherin. Transplanted CXCR4-overexpressing HUMSCs also could express pro-SP-C, indicated adopting the feature of ATII. These finding suggests that CXCR4-overexpressing HUMSCs enhance the protection against RILI and may be a promising strategy for RILI treatment.
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Mitochondrial VDAC1 Silencing Leads to Metabolic Rewiring and the Reprogramming of Tumour Cells into Advanced Differentiated States. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120499. [PMID: 30544833 PMCID: PMC6316808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic properties, along with the metabolic reprogramming necessary for tumour growth and motility, are acquired by cancer cells. Thus, tumour metabolism is becoming a target for cancer therapy. Here, cancer cell metabolism was tackled by silencing the expression of voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), a mitochondrial protein that controls cell energy, as well as metabolic and survival pathways and that is often over-expressed in many cancers. We demonstrated that silencing VDAC1 expression using human-specific siRNA (si-hVDAC1) inhibited cancer cell growth, both in vitro and in mouse xenograft models of human glioblastoma (U-87MG), lung cancer (A549), and triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231). Importantly, treatment with si-hVDAC1 induced metabolic rewiring of the cancer cells, reversing their oncogenic properties and diverting them towards differentiated-like cells. The si-hVDAC1-treated residual “tumour” showed reprogrammed metabolism, decreased proliferation, inhibited stemness and altered expression of genes and proteins, leading to cell differentiation toward less malignant lineages. These VDAC1 depletion-mediated effects involved alterations in master transcription factors associated with cancer hallmarks, such as highly increased expression of p53 and decreased expression of HIF-1a and c-Myc that regulate signalling pathways (e.g., AMPK, mTOR). High expression of p53 and the pro-apoptotic proteins cytochrome c and caspases without induction of apoptosis points to functions for these proteins in promoting cell differentiation. These results clearly show that VDAC1 depletion similarly leads to a rewiring of cancer cell metabolism in breast and lung cancer and glioblastoma, regardless of origin or mutational status. This metabolic reprogramming results in cell growth arrest and inhibited tumour growth while encouraging cell differentiation, thus generating cells with decreased proliferation capacity. These results further suggest VDAC1 to be an innovative and markedly potent therapeutic target.
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Alekseenko IV, Vinogradova TV, Sverdlov ED. Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms of Evolution and Embryogenesis in a Distorting Mirror of Carcinogenesis. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Geraili A, Jafari P, Hassani MS, Araghi BH, Mohammadi MH, Ghafari AM, Tamrin SH, Modarres HP, Kolahchi AR, Ahadian S, Sanati-Nezhad A. Controlling Differentiation of Stem Cells for Developing Personalized Organ-on-Chip Platforms. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28910516 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OOC) platforms have attracted attentions of pharmaceutical companies as powerful tools for screening of existing drugs and development of new drug candidates. OOCs have primarily used human cell lines or primary cells to develop biomimetic tissue models. However, the ability of human stem cells in unlimited self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages has made them attractive for OOCs. The microfluidic technology has enabled precise control of stem cell differentiation using soluble factors, biophysical cues, and electromagnetic signals. This study discusses different tissue- and organ-on-chip platforms (i.e., skin, brain, blood-brain barrier, bone marrow, heart, liver, lung, tumor, and vascular), with an emphasis on the critical role of stem cells in the synthesis of complex tissues. This study further recaps the design, fabrication, high-throughput performance, and improved functionality of stem-cell-based OOCs, technical challenges, obstacles against implementing their potential applications, and future perspectives related to different experimental platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Geraili
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London N6A 5B9 ON Canada
| | - Parya Jafari
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering; Western University; London N6A 5B9 ON Canada
- Department of Electrical Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheikh Hassani
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering; Carleton University; 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa K1S 5B6 ON Canada
| | - Behnaz Heidary Araghi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Sharif University of Technology; Azadi, Tehran 14588-89694 Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Amir Mohammad Ghafari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology; Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology; Tehran 16635-148 Iran
| | - Sara Hasanpour Tamrin
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Hassan Pezeshgi Modarres
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Ahmad Rezaei Kolahchi
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering; University of Toronto; Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Amir Sanati-Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory (BioM); Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; University of Calgary; 2500 University Drive N.W. Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
- Center for Bioengineering Research and Education; Biomedical Engineering Program; University of Calgary; Calgary T2N 1N4 AB Canada
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Paul A, Krelin Y, Arif T, Jeger R, Shoshan-Barmatz V. A New Role for the Mitochondrial Pro-apoptotic Protein SMAC/Diablo in Phospholipid Synthesis Associated with Tumorigenesis. Mol Ther 2017; 26:680-694. [PMID: 29396267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial pro-apoptotic protein SMAC/Diablo participates in apoptosis by negatively regulating IAPs and activating caspases, thus encouraging apoptosis. Unexpectedly, we found that SMAC/Diablo is overexpressed in cancer. This paradox was addressed here by silencing SMAC/Diablo expression using specific siRNA (si-hSMAC). In cancer cell lines and subcutaneous lung cancer xenografts in mice, such silencing reduced cell and tumor growth. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of the si-hSMAC-treated residual tumor demonstrated morphological changes, including cell differentiation and reorganization into glandular/alveoli-like structures and elimination of lamellar bodies, surfactant-producing organs. Next-generation sequencing of non-targeted or si-hSMAC-treated tumors revealed altered expression of genes associated with the cellular membrane and extracellular matrix, of genes found in the ER and Golgi lumen and in exosomal networks, of genes involved in lipid metabolism, and of lipid, metabolite, and ion transporters. SMAC/Diablo silencing decreased the levels of phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine. These findings suggest that SMAC/Diablo possesses additional non-apoptotic functions related to regulating lipid synthesis essential for cancer growth and development and that this may explain SMAC/Diablo overexpression in cancer. The new lipid synthesis-related function of the pro-apoptotic protein SMAC/Diablo in cancer cells makes SMAC/Diablo a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Paul
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Yakov Krelin
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Rina Jeger
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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Expression and Role of Oct3/4 in Injury-Repair Process of Rat Alveolar Epithelium after 5-Fu Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3856839. [PMID: 28948165 PMCID: PMC5602623 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3856839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate how the embryonic stem cell-related gene Oct3/4 changes during the injury-repair process of distal pulmonary epithelium induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). METHODS We have developed the lung injury model induced by 5-Fu and observed the dynamic changes of Oct3/4 by indirect immunofluorescence, Western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to compare the positions of Oct3/4(+) cells and other reported alveolar epithelial stem cells. RESULTS Oct3/4(+) cells were not found in normal rat lung epithelial cells. However, after treatment with 5-Fu, Oct3/4(+) cells appeared at 12 h, reached the peak at 24 h, then decreased at 48 h, and eventually disappeared at 72 h. Oct3/4 was localized in the nucleus. We found that the sites of Clara cell secretory protein and surfactant protein-C dual positive cells were apparently different from Oct3/4(+) cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that, in rat alveolar epithelium, expression of Oct3/4 could be induced after treatment with 5-Fu, then decreased gradually, and was silenced following the alveolar epithelial differentiation. We hold that Oct3/4(+) cells are lung stem cells, which can provide new evidence for identification and isolation of lung epithelial stem cells.
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Long Term Culture of the A549 Cancer Cell Line Promotes Multilamellar Body Formation and Differentiation towards an Alveolar Type II Pneumocyte Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164438. [PMID: 27792742 PMCID: PMC5085087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary research requires models that represent the physiology of alveolar epithelium but concerns with reproducibility, consistency and the technical and ethical challenges of using primary or stem cells has resulted in widespread use of continuous cancer or other immortalized cell lines. The A549 ‘alveolar’ cell line has been available for over four decades but there is an inconsistent view as to its suitability as an appropriate model for primary alveolar type II (ATII) cells. Since most work with A549 cells involves short term culture of proliferating cells, we postulated that culture conditions that reduced proliferation of the cancer cells would promote a more differentiated ATII cell phenotype. We examined A549 cell growth in different media over long term culture and then used microarray analysis to investigate temporal regulation of pathways involved in cell cycle and ATII differentiation; we also made comparisons with gene expression in freshly isolated human ATII cells. Analyses indicated that long term culture in Ham’s F12 resulted in substantial modulation of cell cycle genes to result in a quiescent population of cells with significant up-regulation of autophagic, differentiation and lipidogenic pathways. There were also increased numbers of up- and down-regulated genes shared with primary cells suggesting adoption of ATII characteristics and multilamellar body (MLB) development. Subsequent Oil Red-O staining and Transmission Electron Microscopy confirmed MLB expression in the differentiated A549 cells. This work defines a set of conditions for promoting ATII differentiation characteristics in A549 cells that may be advantageous for studies with this cell line.
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Möbius MA, Thébaud B. Stem Cells and Their Mediators - Next Generation Therapy for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:50. [PMID: 26284246 PMCID: PMC4520239 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major complication of premature birth. Despite great achievements in perinatal medicine over the past decades, there is no treatment for BPD. Recent insights into the biology of stem/progenitor cells have ignited the hope of regenerating damaged organs. Animal experiments revealed promising lung protection/regeneration with stem/progenitor cells in experimental models of BPD and led to first clinical studies in infants. However, these therapies are still experimental and knowledge on the exact mechanisms of action of these cells is limited. Furthermore, heterogeneity of the therapeutic cell populations and missing potency assays currently limit our ability to predict a cell product’s efficacy. Here, we review the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal, endothelial progenitor, and amniotic epithelial cells for BPD. Current knowledge on the mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of stem cells is briefly summarized. Finally, we discuss the obstacles constraining their transition from bench-to-bedside and present potential approaches to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius A Möbius
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany ; DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany ; Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada ; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, ON , Canada
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Hu P, Pu Y, Li X, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Guan W, Ma Y. Isolation, in vitro culture and identification of a new type of mesenchymal stem cell derived from fetal bovine lung tissues. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3331-3338. [PMID: 26016556 PMCID: PMC4526039 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs) are considered to be important in lung tissue repair and regenerative processes. However, the biological characteristics and differentiation potential of LMSCs remain to be elucidated. In the present study, fetal lung‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (FLMSCs) were isolated from fetal bovine lung tissues by collagenase digestion. The in vitro culture conditions were optimized and stabilized and the self‑renewal ability and differentiation potential were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the FLMSCs were morphologically consistent with fibroblasts, were able to be cultured and passaged for at least 33 passages and the cell morphology and proliferative ability were stable during the first 10 passages. In addition, FLMSCs were found to express CD29, CD44, CD73 and CD166, however, they did not express hematopoietic cell specific markers, including CD34, CD45 and BOLA‑DRα. The growth kinetics of FLMSCs consisted of a lag phase, a logarithmic phase and a plateau phase, and as the passages increased, the proliferative ability of cells gradually decreased. The majority of FLMSCs were in G0/G1 phase. Following osteogenic induction, FLMSCs were positive for the expression of osteopontin and collagen type I α2. Following neurogenic differentiation, the cells were morphologically consistent with neuronal cells and positive for microtubule‑associated protein 2 and nestin expression. It was concluded that the isolated FLMSCs exhibited typical characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and that the culture conditions were suitable for their proliferation and the maintenance of stemness. The present study illustrated the potential application of lung tissue as an adult stem cell source for regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Hu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yabin Pu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xiayun Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Harbin Institute of Physical Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150008, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- Harbin Institute of Physical Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150008, P.R. China
| | - Weijun Guan
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yuehui Ma
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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Ito H, Uchida T, Makita K. Interactions between rat alveolar epithelial cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: an in vitro co-culture model. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMID: 26215817 PMCID: PMC4480799 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-015-0053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) reduced the severity of acute lung injury after transplantation in multiple experimental studies, and several paracrine soluble factors secreted by the cells likely contribute to their therapeutic effect. The direct interactions between BMSCs and alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) may be an important part of their beneficial effects. Therefore, we assessed the interactions between BMSCs and AECs using a co-culture model of these two cell types from rats. Methods BMSCs and AECs were co-cultured using a Transwell system under the following conditions: (1) separated co-culture—AECs seeded on the insert and BMSCs in the base of the well; and (2) mixed co-culture—AECs on top of the monolayer of BMSCs on the culture insert and no cells in the base of the well. After 21 days of culture, the cells on the membrane of the culture insert were fixed and stained with antibodies against the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE), surfactant protein D (SP-D), and zona occludens protein-1, and then analyzed by confocal microscopy. Results In the separated co-culture condition, the phenotype of the AECs was maintained for 21 days, and cluster formation of SP-D-positive cells was induced in the AEC monolayer. We also found cluster formations of phospholipid-positive cells covered with RAGE-positive epithelial cells. In the mixed co-culture condition, the BMSCs induced alveolar-like structures covered with an epithelial cell layer. To determine the effect of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) on this three-dimensional structure formation, we treated the mixed co-cultures with siRNA for KGF. While KGF siRNA treatment induced a significant reduction in surfactant protein transcript expression, formation of the alveolar-like structure was unaffected. We also assessed whether Gap26, a functional inhibitor of connexin-43, could mitigate the effect of the BMSCs on the AECs. However, even at 300 μM, Gap26 did not inhibit formation of the alveolar-like structure. Conclusions BMSCs release soluble factors that help maintain and sustain the AEC phenotype for 21 days, and direct interaction between these two cell types can induce a cyst-like, three-dimensional structure covered with AECs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40635-015-0053-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan,
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Downregulation of MTSS1 expression is an independent prognosticator in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:866-73. [PMID: 25625275 PMCID: PMC4453956 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) is a newly discovered protein putatively involved in tumour progression and metastasis. Material and Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of MTSS1 was analysed in 264 non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). Results: The metastasis suppressor 1 was significantly overexpressed in NSCLC compared with normal lung (P=0.01). Within NSCLC, MTSS1 expression was inversely correlated with pT-stage (P=0.019) and histological grading (P<0.001). NSCLC with MTSS1 downregulation (<20%) showed a significantly worse outcome (P=0.007). This proved to be an independent prognostic factor in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs; P=0.041), especially in early cancer stages (P=0.006). Conclusion: The metastasis suppressor 1 downregulation could thus serve as a stratifying marker for adjuvant therapy in early-stage SCC of the lung.
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Solitary Tumours Associated with Jaagsiekte Retrovirus in Sheep are Heterogeneous and Contain Cells Expressing Markers Identifying Progenitor Cells in Lung Repair. J Comp Pathol 2014; 150:138-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Griesenbach U, Alton EWFW. Cystic fibrosis gene therapy: successes, failures and hopes for the future. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 3:363-71. [DOI: 10.1586/ers.09.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bertoncello I, McQualter JL. Endogenous lung stem cells: what is their potential for use in regenerative medicine? Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 4:349-62. [DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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15
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González-Sánchez E, Martín-Caballero J, Flores JM, Hernández-Losa J, Cortés J, Mares R, Barbacid M, Recio JA. Lkb1 loss promotes tumor progression of BRAF(V600E)-induced lung adenomas. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66933. [PMID: 23825589 PMCID: PMC3692542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of MAP kinase signaling pathway and loss of tumor suppressor LKB1 have been implicated in lung cancer development and progression. Although oncogenic KRAS mutations are frequent, BRAF mutations (BRAFV600E) are found in 3% of human non-small cell lung cancers. Contrary to KRAS mutant tumors, BRAFV600E-induced tumors are benign adenomas that fail to progess. Interestingly, loss of tumor supressor LKB1 coexists with KRAS oncogenic mutations and synergizes in tumor formation and progression, however, its cooperation with BRAFV600E oncogene is unknown. Our results describe a lung cell population in neonates mice where expression of BRAFV600E leads to lung adenoma development. Importantly, expression of BRAFV600E concomitant with the loss of only a single-copy of Lkb1, overcomes senencence–like features of BRAFV600E-mutant adenomas leading malignization to carcinomas. These results posit LKB1 haploinsufficiency as a risk factor for tumor progression of BRAFV600E mutated lung adenomas in human cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena González-Sánchez
- Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory, Anatomy Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron Institut of Research-Autonomous University of Barcelona (VHIR-UAB) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Martín-Caballero
- Animal Laboratory Unit, Biomedical Research Park of Barcelona-Prbb, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana María Flores
- Surgery and Medicine Department, Veterinary School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ma Ángeles Montero
- Histopathology Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Cortés
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d’Hebron Institut of Oncology (VHIO)-Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roso Mares
- Anatomy Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. Recio
- Animal Models and Cancer Laboratory, Anatomy Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron Institut of Research-Autonomous University of Barcelona (VHIR-UAB) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Kokubun K, Pankajakshan D, Kim MJ, Agrawal DK. Differentiation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells into epithelial cells as a potential therapeutic application to facilitate epithelial regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E73-83. [PMID: 23696537 DOI: 10.1002/term.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial denudation is one of the characteristics of chronic asthma. To restore its functions, the airway epithelium has to rapidly repair the injuries and regenerate its structure and integrity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into many cell lineages. However, the differentiation of MSCs into epithelial cells has not been fully studied. Here, we examined the differentiation of MSCs into epithelial cells using three different media compositions with various growth supplementations. The MSCs were isolated from porcine bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation. The isolated MSCs were CD11(-) CD34(-) CD45(-) CD44(+) CD90(+) and CD105(+) by immunostaining and flow cytometry. MSCs were stimulated with EpiGRO (Millipore), BEpiCM (ScienCell) and AECGM (PromoCell) media for 5 and 10 days, and epithelial differentiation was assessed by qPCR (keratin 14, 18 and EpCAM), fluorometry (cytokeratin 7-8, cytokeratin 14-15-16-19 and EpCAM), western blot analysis (pancytokeratin, EpCAM) and flow cytometry (cytokeratin 7-8, cytokeratin 14-15-16-19 and EpCAM). The functional marker MUC1 was also assessed after 10 days of air-liquid interface (ALI) culture in optimized media. Cells cultured in BEpiCM containing fibroblast growth factor and prostaglandin E2 showed the highest expression of the epithelial markers: CK7-8 (85.90%); CK-14-15-16-19 (10.14%); and EpCAM (64.61%). The cells also expressed functional marker MUC1 after ALI culture. The differentiated MSCs when cultured in BEpiCM medium ex vivo in a bioreactor on a decellularized trachea for 10 days retained the epithelial-like phenotype. In conclusion, porcine bone marrow-derived MSCs demonstrate commitment to the epithelial lineage and might be a potential therapy for facilitating the repair of denuded airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Kokubun
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Divya Pankajakshan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
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17
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Iwata M, Madtes DK, Abrams K, Lamm WJE, Glenny RW, Nash RA, Ramakrishnan A, Torok-Storb B. Late infusion of cloned marrow fibroblasts stimulates endogenous recovery from radiation-induced lung injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57179. [PMID: 23520463 PMCID: PMC3592849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we used a canine model of radiation-induced lung injury to test the effect of a single i.v. infusion of 10×106/kg of marrow fibroblasts on the progression of damage following 15 Gy exposure to the right lung. The fibroblasts, designated DS1 cells, are a cloned population of immortalized cells isolated from a primary culture of marrow stromal cells. DS1 cells were infused at week 5 post-irradiation when lung damage was evident by imaging with high-resolution computed tomography (CT). At 13 weeks post-irradiation we found that 4 out of 5 dogs receiving DS1 cells had significantly improved pulmonary function compared to 0 out of 5 control dogs (p = 0.047, Fisher’s Exact). Pulmonary function was measured as the single breath diffusion capacity-hematocrit (DLCO-Hct), the total inspiratory capacity (IC), and the total lung capacity (TLC), which differed significantly between control and DS1-treated dogs; p = 0.002, p = 0.005, and p = 0.004, respectively. The DS1-treated dogs also had less pneumonitis detected by CT imaging and an increased number of TTF-1 (thyroid transcription factor 1, NKX2-1) positive cells in the bronchioli and alveoli compared to control dogs. Endothelial-like progenitor cells (ELC) of host origin, detected by colony assays, were found in peripheral blood after DS1 cell infusion. ELC numbers peaked one day after infusion, and were not detectable by 7 days. These data suggest that infusion of marrow fibroblasts stimulates mobilization of ELC, which is associated with a reduction in otherwise progressive radiation-induced lung injury. We hypothesize that these two observations are related, specifically that circulating ELC contribute to increased angiogenesis, which facilitates endogenous lung repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineo Iwata
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David K. Madtes
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kraig Abrams
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wayne J. E. Lamm
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robb W. Glenny
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Nash
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Aravind Ramakrishnan
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Beverly Torok-Storb
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Tzouvelekis A, Ntolios P, Bouros D. Stem cell treatment for chronic lung diseases. Respiration 2013; 85:179-92. [PMID: 23364286 DOI: 10.1159/000346525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cystic fibrosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with a considerable human, societal and financial burden. In view of the current disappointing status of available pharmaceutical agents, there is an urgent need for alternative more effective therapeutic approaches that will not only help to relieve patient symptoms but will also affect the natural course of the respective disease. Regenerative medicine represents a promising option with several fruitful therapeutic applications in patients suffering from chronic lung diseases. Nevertheless, despite relative enthusiasm arising from experimental data, application of stem cell therapy in the clinical setting has been severely hampered by several safety concerns arising from the major lack of knowledge on the fate of exogenously administered stem cells within chronically injured lung as well as the mechanisms regulating the activation of resident progenitor cells. On the other hand, salient data arising from few 'brave' pilot investigations of the safety of stem cell treatment in chronic lung diseases seem promising. The main scope of this review article is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the application status of stem cell treatment in chronic lung diseases, address important safety and efficacy issues and present future challenges and perspectives. In this review, we argue in favor of large multicenter clinical trials setting realistic goals to assess treatment efficacy. We propose the use of biomarkers that reflect clinically inconspicuous alterations of the disease molecular phenotype before rigid conclusions can be safely drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyris Tzouvelekis
- Department of Pneumonology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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19
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Angelini DJ, Dorsey RM, Willis KL, Hong C, Moyer RA, Oyler J, Jensen NS, Salem H. Chemical warfare agent and biological toxin-induced pulmonary toxicity: could stem cells provide potential therapies? Inhal Toxicol 2013; 25:37-62. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.750406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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O'Reilly M, Thébaud B. Cell-based strategies to reconstitute lung function in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Clin Perinatol 2012; 39:703-25. [PMID: 22954277 PMCID: PMC7112346 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of stem/progenitor cells and their potential to repair damaged organs offer the possibility of cell-based treatments for neonatal lung injury. This review summarizes basic concepts of stem/progenitor cell biology and discusses the recent advances and challenges of cell-based therapies for lung diseases, with a particular focus on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a form of chronic lung disease that primarily affects very preterm infants. Despite advances in perinatal care, BPD still remains the most common complication of extreme prematurity, and there is no specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue, T6G 1C9, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue, T6G 1C9, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue, T6G 2S2, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue, T6G 2H7, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Corresponding author. University of Alberta, 3020 Katz Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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21
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Bahl V, Lin S, Xu N, Davis B, Wang YH, Talbot P. Comparison of electronic cigarette refill fluid cytotoxicity using embryonic and adult models. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:529-37. [PMID: 22989551 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (EC) and refill fluids are distributed with little information on their pre- and postnatal health effects. This study compares the cytotoxicity of EC refill fluids using embryonic and adult cells and examines the chemical characteristics of refill fluids using HPLC. Refill solutions were tested on human embryonic stem cells (hESC), mouse neural stem cells (mNSC), and human pulmonary fibroblasts (hPF) using the MTT assay, and NOAELs and IC(50)s were determined from dose-response curves. Spectral analysis was performed when products of the same flavor had different MTT outcomes. hESC and mNSC were generally more sensitive to refill solutions than hPF. All products from one company were cytotoxic to hESC and mNSC, but non-cytotoxic to hPF. Cytotoxicity was not due to nicotine, but was correlated with the number and concentration of chemicals used to flavor fluids. Additional studies are needed to fully assess the prenatal effect of refill fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhra Bahl
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
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22
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Schagatay E, Richardson MX, Lodin-Sundström A. Size matters: spleen and lung volumes predict performance in human apneic divers. Front Physiol 2012; 3:173. [PMID: 22719729 PMCID: PMC3376424 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans share with seals the ability to contract the spleen and increase circulating hematocrit, which may improve apneic performance by enhancing gas storage. Seals have large spleens and while human spleen size is small in comparison, it shows great individual variation. Unlike many marine mammals, human divers rely to a great extent on lung oxygen stores, but the impact of lung volume on competitive apnea performance has never been determined. We studied if spleen- and lung size correlated with performance in elite apnea divers. Volunteers were 14 male apnea world championship participants, with a mean (SE) of 5.8 (1.2) years of previous apnea training. Spleen volume was calculated from spleen length, width, and thickness measured via ultrasound during rest, and vital capacity via spirometry. Accumulated competition scores from dives of maximal depth, time, and distance were compared to anthropometric measurements and training data. Mean (SE) diving performance was 75 (4) m for constant weight depth, 5 min 53 (39) s for static apnea and 139 (13) m for dynamic apnea distance. Subjects' mean height was 184 (2) cm, weight 82 (3) kg, vital capacity (VC) 7.3 (0.3) L and spleen volume 336 (32) mL. Spleen volume did not correlate with subject height or weight, but was positively correlated with competition score (r = 0.57; P < 0.05). Total competition score was also positively correlated with VC (r = 0.54; P < 0.05). The three highest scoring divers had the greatest spleen volumes, averaging 538 (53) mL, while the three lowest-scoring divers had a volume of 270 (71) mL (P < 0.01). VC was also greater in the high-scorers, at 7.9 (0.36) L as compared to 6.7 (0.19) L in the low scorers (P < 0.01). Spleen volume was reduced to half after 2 min of apnea in the highest scoring divers, and the estimated resting apnea time gain from the difference between high and low scorers was 15 s for spleen volume and 60 s for VC. We conclude that both spleen- and lung volume predict apnea performance in elite divers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Schagatay
- Department of Engineering and Sustainable Development, and Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund, Sweden
| | - Matt X. Richardson
- Department of Engineering and Sustainable Development, and Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund, Sweden
| | - Angelica Lodin-Sundström
- Department of Engineering and Sustainable Development, and Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund, Sweden
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23
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Gotts JE, Matthay MA. Mesenchymal stem cells and the stem cell niche: a new chapter. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L1147-9. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00122.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E. Gotts
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, California
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24
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Quinton LJ, Mizgerd JP, Hilliard KL, Jones MR, Kwon CY, Allen E. Leukemia inhibitory factor signaling is required for lung protection during pneumonia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:6300-8. [PMID: 22581855 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lung infections represent a tremendous disease burden and a leading cause of acute lung injury. STAT3 signaling is essential for controlling lung injury during pneumonia. We previously identified LIF as a prominent STAT3-activating cytokine expressed in the airspaces of pneumonic lungs, but its physiological significance in this setting has never been explored. To do so, Escherichia coli was intratracheally instilled into C57BL/6 mice in the presence of neutralizing anti-LIF IgG or control IgG. Anti-LIF completely eliminated lung LIF detection and markedly exacerbated lung injury compared with control mice as evidenced by airspace albumin content, lung liquid accumulation, and histological analysis. Although lung bacteriology was equivalent between groups, bacteremia was more prevalent with anti-LIF treatment, suggestive of compromised barrier function rather than impaired antibacterial defense as the cause of dissemination. Inflammatory cytokine expression was also exaggerated in anti-LIF-treated lungs, albeit after injury had ensued. Interestingly, alveolar neutrophil recruitment was modestly but significantly reduced compared with control mice despite elevated cytokine levels, indicating that inflammatory injury was not a consequence of excessive neutrophilic alveolitis. Lastly, the lung transcriptome was dramatically remodeled during pneumonia, but far more so following LIF neutralization, with gene changes implicating cell death and epithelial homeostasis among other processes relevant to tissue injury. From these findings, we conclude that endogenous LIF facilitates tissue protection during pneumonia. The LIF-STAT3 axis is identified in this study as a critical determinant of lung injury with clinical implications for pneumonia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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25
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Amnion epithelial cells as a candidate therapy for acute and chronic lung injury. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:709763. [PMID: 22577395 PMCID: PMC3345254 DOI: 10.1155/2012/709763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic lung injury represents a major and growing global burden of disease. For many of these lung diseases, the damage is irreparable, exhausting the host's ability to regenerate new lung, and current therapies are simply supportive rather than restorative. Cell-based therapies offer the promise of tissue regeneration for many organs. In this paper, we examine the potential application of amnion epithelial cells, derived from the term placenta, to lung regeneration. We discuss their unique properties of plasticity and immunomodulation, reviewing the experimental evidence that amnion epithelial cells can prevent and repair lung injury, offering the potential to be applied to both neonatal, childhood, and adult lung disease. It is amazing to suggest that the placenta may offer renewed life after birth as well as securing new life before.
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26
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Ding BS, Nolan DJ, Guo P, Babazadeh AO, Cao Z, Rosenwaks Z, Crystal RG, Simons M, Sato TN, Worgall S, Shido K, Rabbany SY, Rafii S. Endothelial-derived angiocrine signals induce and sustain regenerative lung alveolarization. Cell 2011; 147:539-53. [PMID: 22036563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To identify pathways involved in adult lung regeneration, we employ a unilateral pneumonectomy (PNX) model that promotes regenerative alveolarization in the remaining intact lung. We show that PNX stimulates pulmonary capillary endothelial cells (PCECs) to produce angiocrine growth factors that induce proliferation of epithelial progenitor cells supporting alveologenesis. Endothelial cells trigger expansion of cocultured epithelial cells, forming three-dimensional angiospheres reminiscent of alveolar-capillary sacs. After PNX, endothelial-specific inducible genetic ablation of Vegfr2 and Fgfr1 in mice inhibits production of MMP14, impairing alveolarization. MMP14 promotes expansion of epithelial progenitor cells by unmasking cryptic EGF-like ectodomains that activate the EGF receptor (EGFR). Consistent with this, neutralization of MMP14 impairs EGFR-mediated alveolar regeneration, whereas administration of EGF or intravascular transplantation of MMP14(+) PCECs into pneumonectomized Vegfr2/Fgfr1-deficient mice restores alveologenesis and lung inspiratory volume and compliance function. VEGFR2 and FGFR1 activation in PCECs therefore increases MMP14-dependent bioavailability of EGFR ligands to initiate and sustain alveologenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Sen Ding
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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27
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Tzouvelekis A, Koliakos G, Ntolios P, Baira I, Bouros E, Oikonomou A, Zissimopoulos A, Kolios G, Kakagia D, Paspaliaris V, Kotsianidis I, Froudarakis M, Bouros D. Stem cell therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a protocol proposal. J Transl Med 2011; 9:182. [PMID: 22017817 PMCID: PMC3213183 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis represents a lethal form of progressive fibrotic lung disorder with gradually increasing incidence worldwide. Despite intense research efforts its pathogenesis is still elusive and controversial reflecting in the current disappointing status regarding its treatment. Patients and Methods: We report the first protocol proposal of a prospective, unicentric, non-randomized, phase Ib clinical trial to study the safety and tolerability of the adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) stromal vascular fraction (SVF) as a therapeutic agent in IPF. After careful patient selection based on functional criteria (forced vital capacity-FVC > 50%, diffuse lung capacity for carbon monoxide-DLCO > 35% of the predicted values) all eligible subjects will be subjected to lipoaspiration resulting in the isolation of approximately 100- 500 gr of adipose tissue. After preparation, isolation and labelling ADSCs-SVF will be endobronchially infused to both lower lobes of the fibrotic lungs. Procedure will be repeated thrice at monthly intervals. Primary end-point represent safety and tolerability data, while exploratory secondary end-points include assessment of clinical functional and radiological status. Results: Preliminary results recently presented in the form of an abstract seem promising and tantalizing since there were no cases of clinically significant allergic reactions, infections, disease acute exacerbations or ectopic tissue formation. In addition 6 months follow-up data revealed a marginal improvement at 6-minute walking distance and forced vital capacity. Conclusions Adipose tissue represents an abundant, safe, ethically uncontested and potentially beneficial source of stem cells for patients with IPF. Larger multicenter phase II and III placebo-controlled clinical trials are sorely needed in order to prove efficacy. However, pilot safety studies are of major importance and represent the first hamper that should be overcome to establish a rigid basis for larger clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyris Tzouvelekis
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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28
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29
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Telocytes and putative stem cells in the lungs: electron microscopy, electron tomography and laser scanning microscopy. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 345:391-403. [PMID: 21858462 PMCID: PMC3168741 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1229-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a novel type of interstitial (stromal) cell — telocytes (TCs) — in the human and mouse respiratory tree (terminal and respiratory bronchioles, as well as alveolar ducts). TCs have recently been described in pleura, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, intestine, uterus, pancreas, mammary gland, etc. (see www.telocytes.com). TCs are cells with specific prolongations called telopodes (Tp), frequently two to three per cell. Tp are very long prolongations (tens up to hundreds of μm) built of alternating thin segments known as podomers (≤ 200 nm, below the resolving power of light microscope) and dilated segments called podoms, which accommodate mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and caveolae. Tp ramify dichotomously, making a 3-dimensional network with complex homo- and heterocellular junctions. Confocal microscopy reveals that TCs are c-kit- and CD34-positive. Tp release shed vesicles or exosomes, sending macromolecular signals to neighboring cells and eventually modifying their transcriptional activity. At bronchoalveolar junctions, TCs have been observed in close association with putative stem cells (SCs) in the subepithelial stroma. SCs are recognized by their ultrastructure and Sca-1 positivity. Tp surround SCs, forming complex TC-SC niches (TC-SCNs). Electron tomography allows the identification of bridging nanostructures, which connect Tp with SCs. In conclusion, this study shows the presence of TCs in lungs and identifies a TC-SC tandem in subepithelial niches of the bronchiolar tree. In TC-SCNs, the synergy of TCs and SCs may be based on nanocontacts and shed vesicles.
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Tian J, Zhao W, Tian S, Slater JM, Deng Z, Gridley DS. Expression of Genes Involved in Mouse Lung Cell Differentiation/Regulation after Acute Exposure to Photons and Protons with or without Low-Dose Preirradiation. Radiat Res 2011; 176:553-64. [DOI: 10.1667/rr2601.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tian
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Radiation Research Laboratories, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - WeiLing Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Sisi Tian
- School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - James M. Slater
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Radiation Research Laboratories, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Daila S. Gridley
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Radiation Research Laboratories, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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31
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Piro D, Piccoli C, Guerra L, Sassone F, D'Aprile A, Favia M, Castellani S, Di Gioia S, Lepore S, Garavaglia ML, Trotta T, Maffione AB, Casavola V, Meyer G, Capitanio N, Conese M. Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells express functional mitochondrial energy-dependent cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:634-46. [PMID: 21561312 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) encompass a wide array of cell subsets with different capacities of engraftment and injured tissue-regenerating potential. The characterization/isolation of the stem cell subpopulations represents a major challenge to improve the efficacy of transplantation protocols used in regenerative medicine. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the diseases whose hope of cure relies on the successful application of cell-based gene therapy. This study was aimed at characterizing murine HSPCs on the basis of their bioenergetic competence and CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) expression. Positively immunoselected Sca-1(+) HSPCs encompassed 2 populations distinguished by their different size, Sca-1 expression and mitochondrial content. The smaller were the cells, the higher was Sca-1 expression and the lower was the intracellular density of functional mitochondria. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting revealed that HSPCs expressed CFTR mRNA and protein, which was also functional, as assessed by spectrofluorimetric and patch-clamp techniques. Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by oligomycin resulted in a 70% decrease of both the intracelluar adenosine triphosphate content and CFTR-mediated channel activity. Finally, HSPCs with lower Sca-1 expression and higher mitochondrial content displayed higher CFTR levels. Our findings identify 2 subpopulations in HSPCs and unveil a so-far unappreciated relationship between bioenergetic metabolism and CFTR in HSPC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Piro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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32
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Lindsey JY, Ganguly K, Brass DM, Li Z, Potts EN, Degan S, Chen H, Brockway B, Abraham SN, Berndt A, Stripp BR, Foster WM, Leikauf GD, Schulz H, Hollingsworth JW. c-Kit is essential for alveolar maintenance and protection from emphysema-like disease in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1644-52. [PMID: 21471107 PMCID: PMC3136992 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201007-1157oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Previously, we demonstrated a candidate region for susceptibility to airspace enlargement on mouse chromosome 5. However, the specific candidate genes within this region accounting for emphysema-like changes remain unrecognized. c-Kit is a receptor tyrosine kinase within this candidate gene region that has previously been recognized to contribute to the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Increases in the percentage of cells expressing c-Kit have previously been associated with protection against injury-induced emphysema. OBJECTIVES Determine whether genetic variants of c-Kit are associated with spontaneous airspace enlargement. METHODS Perform single-nucleotide polymorphism association studies in the mouse strains at the extremes of airspace enlargement phenotype for variants in c-Kit tyrosine kinase. Characterize mice bearing functional variants of c-Kit compared with wild-type controls for the development of spontaneous airspace enlargement. Epithelial cell proliferation was measured in culture. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Upstream regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the divergent mouse strains were associated with the lung compliance difference observed between the extreme strains. c-Kit mutant mice (Kit(W-sh)/(W-sh)), when compared with genetic controls, developed altered lung histology, increased total lung capacity, increased residual volume, and increased lung compliance that persist into adulthood. c-Kit inhibition with imatinib attenuated in vitro proliferation of cells expressing epithelial cell adhesion molecule. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that c-Kit sustains and/or maintains normal alveolar architecture in the lungs of mice. In vitro data suggest that c-Kit can regulate epithelial cell clonal expansion. The precise mechanisms that c-Kit contributes to the development of airspace enlargement and increased lung compliance remain unclear and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Y. Lindsey
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Koustav Ganguly
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - David M. Brass
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhuowei Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Erin N. Potts
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Degan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Brian Brockway
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Soman N. Abraham
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Annerose Berndt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Barry R. Stripp
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - W. Michael Foster
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - George D. Leikauf
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Schulz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - John W. Hollingsworth
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Imaging, Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, and Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Institute of Epidemiology and Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum, Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
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Kajstura J, Rota M, Hall SR, Hosoda T, D'Amario D, Sanada F, Zheng H, Ogórek B, Rondon-Clavo C, Ferreira-Martins J, Matsuda A, Arranto C, Goichberg P, Giordano G, Haley KJ, Bardelli S, Rayatzadeh H, Liu X, Quaini F, Liao R, Leri A, Perrella MA, Loscalzo J, Anversa P. Evidence for human lung stem cells. N Engl J Med 2011; 364:1795-806. [PMID: 21561345 PMCID: PMC3197695 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although progenitor cells have been described in distinct anatomical regions of the lung, description of resident stem cells has remained elusive. METHODS Surgical lung-tissue specimens were studied in situ to identify and characterize human lung stem cells. We defined their phenotype and functional properties in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Human lungs contain undifferentiated human lung stem cells nested in niches in the distal airways. These cells are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent in vitro. After injection into damaged mouse lung in vivo, human lung stem cells form human bronchioles, alveoli, and pulmonary vessels integrated structurally and functionally with the damaged organ. The formation of a chimeric lung was confirmed by detection of human transcripts for epithelial and vascular genes. In addition, the self-renewal and long-term proliferation of human lung stem cells was shown in serial-transplantation assays. CONCLUSIONS Human lungs contain identifiable stem cells. In animal models, these cells participate in tissue homeostasis and regeneration. They have the undemonstrated potential to promote tissue restoration in patients with lung disease. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kajstura
- Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Patel AC, Brody SL, Stappenbeck TS, Holtzman MJ. Tracking cell lineage to rediscover (again) the switch from ciliated to mucous cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 44:261-3. [PMID: 21364232 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0468ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Griesenbach U, Alton EW. Current Status and Future Directions of Gene and Cell Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis. BioDrugs 2011; 25:77-88. [DOI: 10.2165/11586960-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Cabral RM, Branco É, Rizzo MDS, Ferreira GJ, Gregores GB, Samoto VY, Stopiglia AJ, Maiorka PC, Fioretto ET, Capelozzi VL, Borges JB, Gomes S, Beraldo MA, Carvalho CRR, Miglino MA. Cell therapy for fibrotic interstitial pulmonary disease: experimental study. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 74:957-62. [PMID: 21936027 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parte superior do formulário Digite um texto ou endereço de um site ou traduza um documento. The aim of this study is to evaluate the histological changes in lung parenchyma of pigs affected by interstitial lung disease induced after the infusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs). Ten female swines were submitted to pulmonary fibrosis induced by a single dose of intratracheal bleomicine sulfate. Animals were arranged into two groups: Group 1: induced-disease control and Group 2: cell therapy using BMMCs. Both groups were clinically evaluated for 180 days. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was performed at 90 and 180 days. BMMC sampling was performed in cell therapy group at 90 days. Euthanasia was performed, and samples were collected for histology and immunohistochemistry. The 90-days HRCT demonstrated typical interstitial lesions in pulmonary parenchyma similarly to human disease. The 180-days HRCT in Group 1 demonstrated advanced stages of the disease when compared with Group 2. Immunohistochemistry analysis suggests the presence of pre-existent vessels and neoformed vessels as well as predominant young cells in the injured parenchyma of Group 2. Immunohistochemistry analysis suggests that cell therapy would promote a reconstructive response. Histology and HRCT analysis suggest a positive application of swine as a model for a bleomicine inducing of fibrotic interstitial pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Cabral
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Surgery, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the chronic lung disease of prematurity mainly affecting preterm infants that are born at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Surfactant therapy, antenatal steroids and incremental improvements in perinatal care have modified the pattern of injury and allowed survival of ever more immature infants, but there is still no specific treatment for BPD. As a consequence, this disorder remains the most common complication of extreme prematurity. Arrested alveolar growth and disrupted vasculogenesis, the histological hallmarks of BPD, may persist beyond childhood and lead to chronic lung diseases in adults. Recent advances in our understanding of stem cells and their potential to repair damaged organs offer the possibility for cell-based treatment for intractable diseases. This review summarizes basic concepts of stem cell biology and discusses the recent advances and challenges of stem cell-based therapies for lung diseases, with a particular focus on BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh S Alphonse
- Department of Pediatrics and Women and Children Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada
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Nolan H, Wang D, Zwischenberger JB. Artificial lung basics: fundamental challenges, alternative designs and future innovations. Organogenesis 2011; 7:23-7. [PMID: 21289479 PMCID: PMC3082030 DOI: 10.4161/org.7.1.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There exists a growing demand for new technology that can take over the function of the human lung, from assisting an injured or recently transplanted lung to completely replacing the native organ. Many obstacles must be overcome to achieve the lofty goals and expectations of such a device. An artificial lung must be able to sustain the gas exchange requirements of a normal functioning lung. Pursuant to this purpose, the device must maintain appropriate blood pressure, decrease injury to blood cells and minimize clotting and immunologic response. Attachment methods vary, and ideally researchers want to find a way that minimizes bodily trauma, maximizes gas exchange and utilizes the inherent properties of the native lung. The currently proposed methods include the parallel, in-series and venous double-lumen cannula configurations. For the time being, current research focuses on the extracorporeal (i.e., outside the body) placement, but ultimate long-term goals look toward total implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Nolan
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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Lifelong reporter gene imaging in the lungs of mice following polyethyleneimine-mediated sleeping-beauty transposon delivery. Biomaterials 2010; 32:1978-85. [PMID: 21168204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyethyleneimine (PEI) is a cationic polymer that is effective in gene delivery in vivo. Plasmid DNA incorporating the Sleeping-Beauty (SB) transposon has been shown to induce long-term transgene expression in mouse lungs after PEI-mediated delivery. In the current report, we followed the reporter gene expression mediated by PEI/SB delivery in lungs of mice using the non-invasive bioluminescent imaging (BLI) technology. After delivery, the reporter gene signal showed a rapid decay in the first two weeks to a nearly undetectable level, but then the signal augmented gradually in the following weeks and finally reached a stable level that maintained until the natural death of animals. The stabilization of transgene expression is associated with the multiplication of a small number of PEI/SB-labeled alveolar cells, which proliferated both under normal conditions and in response to acute local injury for epithelia repair, and may play a role in long-term homeostatic maintenance in alveoli. The data presented here suggests that systemic delivery of PEI/SB induces stable transfection specifically in a small population of alveolar progenitor cells. The technique provides a promising platform for future research in distal lung biology and tissue regenerative therapy.
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Sanders CJ, Doherty PC, Thomas PG. Respiratory epithelial cells in innate immunity to influenza virus infection. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 343:13-21. [PMID: 20848130 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infection by influenza virus leads to respiratory failure characterized by acute lung injury associated with alveolar edema, necrotizing bronchiolitis, and excessive bleeding. Severe reactions to infection that lead to hospitalizations and/or death are frequently attributed to an exuberant host response, with excessive inflammation and damage to the epithelial cells that mediate respiratory gas exchange. The respiratory mucosa serves as a physical and chemical barrier to infection, producing mucus and surfactants, anti-viral mediators, and inflammatory cytokines. The airway epithelial cell layer also serves as the first and overwhelmingly primary target for virus infection and growth. This review details immune events during influenza infection from the viewpoint of the epithelial cells, secretory host defense mechanisms, cell death, and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Sanders
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Wang S, Hubmayr RD. Type I alveolar epithelial phenotype in primary culture. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2010; 44:692-9. [PMID: 20616357 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2009-0359oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I alveolar epithelial cells (ATIs) are very large, thin cells, which extend across several air sacs and cover more than 95% of the alveolar surface area. ATIs are the target of many insults, including ventilator-induced lung injury, and are generally considered terminally differentiated cells arising from type II cell (ATII) lineage. ATIs have proven difficult to harvest and maintain in primary culture, which is why much of ATI biology has been inferred from studies on ex vivo, ATII-derived, so-called ATI-like cells. We report on a modified approach to rat ATI harvest and primary culture, which yielded the following observations: (1) rat ATI can be harvested and maintained with a high degree of purity in primary culture; (2) in vitro growth characteristics of primary ATIs differ from those of ATII-derived ATI-like cells; ATIs, but not ex vivo, ATII-derived ATI-like cells, are capable of cell division; (3) ATIs readily repair plasma membrane wounds without the subsequent loss of their ability to divide; (4) ATI monolayers heal scratch wounds primarily by cell spreading and migration. Although the ability of ATIs to divide may be limited to the in vitro environment, we do believe that their role in alveolar wound repair deserves to be revisited, and the molecular control of ATI-ATII plasticity further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wang
- Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Bairey Merz CN, Mark S, Boyan BD, Jacobs AK, Shah PK, Shaw LJ, Taylor D, Marbán E. Proceedings from the scientific symposium: Sex differences in cardiovascular disease and implications for therapies. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2010; 19:1059-72. [PMID: 20500123 PMCID: PMC2940456 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A consortium of investigator-thought leaders was convened at the Heart Institute at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and produced the following summary points: POINT 1: Important sex differences exist in cardiovascular disease (CVD) that affect disease initiation, diagnosis, and treatment. IMPLICATION Research that acknowledges these differences is needed to optimize outcomes in women and men. POINT 2: Atherosclerosis is qualitatively and quantitatively different in women and men; women demonstrate more plaque erosion and more diffuse plaque with less focal artery lumen intrusion. IMPLICATION Evaluation of CVD strategies that include devices should be used to explore differing anatomical shapes and surfaces as well as differing drug coating and eluting strategies. POINT 3: Bone marrow progenitor cells (PCs) engraft differently based on the sex of the donor cell and the sex of the recipient. IMPLICATION PC therapeutic studies need to consider the sex of cells of the source and the recipient. POINT 4: Women have a greater risk of venous but not arterial thrombosis compared with men, as well as more bleeding complications related to anticoagulant treatment. Several genes coding for proteins involved in hemostasis are regulated by sex hormones. IMPLICATIONS Research should be aimed at evaluation of sex-based differences in response to anticoagulation based on genotype. POINT 5: Women and men can have differences in pharmacological response. IMPLICATION Sex-specific pharmacogenomic studies should be included in pharmacological development. POINT 6: CVD progression results from an imbalance of cell injury and repair in part due to insufficient PC repair, which is affected by sex differences, where females have higher circulating levels of PCs with greater rates of tissue repair. IMPLICATION CVD regenerative strategies should be directed at learning to deliver cells that shift the recipient balance from injury toward repair. CVD repair strategies should ideally be tested first in females to have the best chance of success for proof-of-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Noel Bairey Merz
- Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 444 S. San Vincente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Abstract
Carcinomas may arise as a disorder of regeneration, so that a malignant cell may represent a failure to fully attain the characteristics of differentiated tissue. We hypothesized that there is a differential distribution of progenitor cell markers among different histological types of lung cancers, with poorly differentiated tumors being more likely to express progenitor stem cell markers. The study was limited to paraffin-embedded archival material of resected untreated pulmonary carcinomas, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. The sections were stained for putative stem cells markers (Musashi-1, Musashi-2, CD34, CD21, KIT, CD133, p63, and OCT-4). Positivity was read as isolated, focal, or diffuse staining. Stem cell markers were detected in all histological types of pulmonary carcinomas. There was a difference in the expression of markers among the histological types. Small cell carcinoma showed diffuse positivity for most of the markers; in contrast to focal or negative staining in other histological groups. An inverse relationship between CD21 and Musashi-1 was observed. No staining for OCT-4 and CD34 was seen in any of the tumor types. Hierarchical clustering based on marker expression separated tumors into two groups, with one group marked by high expression of Musashi-1 and KIT, contained most of the poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas and small cell carcinomas. Therefore, stem cell markers are expressed in lung cancers with different patterns seen for different histological types and degrees of differentiation.
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Pierro M, Thébaud B. Mesenchymal stem cells in chronic lung disease: culprit or savior? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2010; 298:L732-4. [PMID: 20363850 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00099.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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WULFSOHN D, KNUST J, OCHS M, NYENGAARD J, GUNDERSEN H. Stereological estimation of the total number of ventilatory units in mice lungs. J Microsc 2010; 238:75-89. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2009.03332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shi W, Xu J, Warburton D. Development, repair and fibrosis: what is common and why it matters. Respirology 2010; 14:656-65. [PMID: 19659647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The complex structure of the lung is developed sequentially, initially by epithelial tube branching and later by septation of terminal air sacs with accompanying coordinated growth of a variety of lung epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Groups of transcriptional factors, peptide growth factors and their intracellular signaling regulators, as well as extracellular matrix proteins are programmed to be expressed at appropriate levels in the right place at the right time to control normal lung formation. Studies of lung development and lung repair/fibrosis to date have discovered that many of the same factors that control normal development are also key players in lung injury repair and fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family peptide signaling is a prime example. Lack of TGF-beta signaling results in abnormal lung branching morphogenesis and alveolarization during development, whereas excessive amounts of TGF-beta signaling cause severe hypoplasia in the immature lung and fibrosis in mature lung. This leads us to propose the 'Goldilocks' hypothesis of regulatory signaling in lung development and injury repair that everything must be done just right!
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS 35, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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Abstract
A comprehensive appreciation of mechanisms regulating epithelial maintenance and repair in pulmonary airways is fundamental to our understanding of tissue remodeling and dysfunction in chronic lung disease. This review provides an update on current concepts that have emerged from recent work in the field of airway epithelial repair and progenitor cell biology. New models to investigate the behavior of lung epithelial progenitor cells have provided fresh insights into their regulation and organization, and help to clarify their roles in normal maintenance and repair. Emerging technologies for the fractionation and culture of lung epithelial cells also provide opportunities to investigate the behavior and regulation of progenitor cell subsets in controlled systems. These advances hold promise for development of new strategies to modulate epithelial cell behavior and to effect tissue repair in the setting of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Chen
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Keitaro Matsumoto
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Barry R. Stripp
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Abstract
In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Rawlins et al. (2009) use an elegant lineage-tracing system to circumvent technical obstacles that have long limited advances in lung stem cell research and, as a result, definitively clarify the role of Clara cells in lung growth, homeostasis, and repair.
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Verstappen J, Katsaros C, Torensma R, Von den Hoff JW. A functional model for adult stem cells in epithelial tissues. Wound Repair Regen 2009; 17:296-305. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2009.00497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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