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Moldovan GE, Song Y, Kim TH, Su RW, Jeong JW, Gruzdev A, Spencer TE, Fazleabas AT. Notch effector recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J signaling is required for the initiation of endometrial stromal cell decidualization†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:977-983. [PMID: 35835555 PMCID: PMC9562121 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is required for reproductive success. This pathway activates its transcriptional effector, recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J (Rbpj), to induce transcription of its target genes. This signaling pathway is required for successful decidualization, implantation, and uterine repair following parturition. To identify the compartmental specific roles of the Notch signaling pathway in the establishment of pregnancy, we generated epithelial and decidual stromal cell specific knockouts of Rbpj utilizing lactoferrin iCre and Prl8A2 iCre, respectively. Both conditional knockout mouse models were fertile. The Rbpj epithelial knockout mice displayed 27% resorption sites at E15.5, but this did not significantly impact the number of live born pups compared with controls. In addition, the Rbpj epithelial knockout mice displayed increased estrogen signaling in their stromal compartment. Given that both mouse models exhibited fertility comparable to control animals, the epithelial and stromal specific nature of the iCre recombinases utilized, and previously published Rbpj total uterine knockout mouse models, we conclude that Notch effector Rbpj signaling is required at the initiation of pregnancy to support decidualization in stromal cells, but that Rbpj is not required in the epithelial compartment nor is it required for post-implantation pregnancy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genna E Moldovan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ren-Wei Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jae-Wook Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Knockout Mouse Core Facility, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Divison of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Asgerally T Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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Álvarez-Vásquez JL, Castañeda-Alvarado CP. Dental pulp fibroblast: A star Cell. J Endod 2022; 48:1005-1019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Monika P, Waiker PV, Chandraprabha MN, Rangarajan A, Murthy KNC. Myofibroblast progeny in wound biology and wound healing studies. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:531-547. [PMID: 34009713 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts play a myriad of important roles in human tissue function, especially in wound repair and healing. Among all cells, fibroblasts are group of cells that decide the status of wound as they maintain tissue homeostasis. Currently, the increase in the deleterious effects of chronic wound and their morbidity rate has necessitated the need to understand the influence of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which chiefly originate locally from tissue-resident fibroblasts to address the same. Wound pathophysiology is complex, herein, we have discussed fibroblast and myofibroblast heterogeneity in skin and different organs by understanding the phenotypical and functional properties of each of its sub-populations in the process of wound healing. Recent advancements in fibroblast activation, differentiation to myofibroblasts, proliferation and migration are discussed in detail. Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are key players in wound healing and wound remodelling, respectively, and their significance in wound repair is discussed. An increased understanding of their biology during wound healing also gives an opportunity to explore more of fibroblast and myofibroblast focused therapies to treat chronic wounds which are clinical challenges. In this regard, in the current review, we have described the different methods for isolation of primary fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from both animal models and humans, and their characterization. Additionally, we have also provided details on possible molecular targets for better understanding of prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of chronic wounds. Information will help both researchers and clinicians in providing molecular insight that enable them for effective chronic wound management. The knowledge of intimate dialogue between the fibroblast, sub-populations like, myofibroblast and their microenvironment, will serve useful in determining novel, efficient and specific therapeutic targets to treat pathological wound conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Monika
- Department of Biotechnology, M. S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Han X, Cai C, Huang J, Li Q, Huang L, Xuan Q, Yang J. The intervention effect of nicotine on cervical fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation in lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm birth model through activating the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111135. [PMID: 33352448 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the clinical treatment of preterm birth, mainly using uterine contraction inhibitors, does not fundamentally reduce the incidence of premature birth (PTB). Premature cervical ripening is an important factor in PTB. We previously found that nicotine-treated pregnant murine had significant cervical resistance to stretch and higher collagen cross-links compared to the control animals, and nicotine prolonged gestation and inhibited cervical ripening. However, the regulatory effects of nicotine on premature cervical ripening and its role in PTB remain unclear. To investigate the effects of nicotine on cervical TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway and fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation regulated by this pathway in PTB-like models. Intraperitoneal injection with 15 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in 200 μl PBS into pregnant mice was used to induce the PTB-like model. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group, LPS-treated group, LPS + Nicotine co-treated group and LPS + Nicotine+α-BGT co-treated group. Pregnancy outcomes were monitored. The collagen content was assessed by Picrosirius red staining. Expressions of genes and proteins in the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway were detected by double immunofluorescence staining and quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). myofibroblast differentiation were investigated by double immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR. Ultrastructures were analyzed by conventional transmission electron microscopy. The rate of PTB and neonatal mortality at birth was significantly higher in the LPS-treated group than in the control group; collagen content also decreased remarkably; the expression of TGF-β1 in macrophages and p-Smad3 in fibroblasts were reduced; the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, markers for activated fibroblasts) was down-regulated while the expression of calponin and smoothelin (markers for fibroblasts at rest) was up-regulated. Nicotine improved pregnancy outcomes and inhibited collagen degradation, activated the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway and promoted cervical fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation in PTB-like mice; such effects could be reversed by α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT). Nicotine inhibited premature cervical ripening in PTB-like models in relation with up-regulating the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway and promoting fibroblast to differentiate into myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjia Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Chunfang Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jiezhen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Qiufen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Liu Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Qingshan Xuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Jinying Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, China.
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Seminal plasma (SP) induces a rapid transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)—independent up-regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) and myofibroblastic metaplasia-markers in endometriotic (EM) and endometrial cells. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 299:173-183. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-018-4965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Xue R, Jia K, Wang J, Yang L, Wang Y, Gao L, Hao J. A Rising Star in Pancreatic Diseases: Pancreatic Stellate Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:754. [PMID: 29967585 PMCID: PMC6015921 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) is a type of pluripotent cell located between pancreatic lobules and the surrounding area of acinars. When activated, PSC can be transformed into myofibroblast-like cell. A number of evidences suggest that activated PSC is the main source of the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein under the pathological conditions, which lead to pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Recent studies have found that PSC also plays an important role in the endocrine cell function, islet fibrosis and diabetes. In order to provide new strategies for the treatment of pancreatic diseases, this paper systematically summarizes the recent researches about the biological behaviors of PSC, including its stem/progenitor cell characteristics, secreted exosomes, cellular senescence, epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT), energy metabolism and direct mechanical reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Eve DJ, Sanberg PR, Buzanska L, Sarnowska A, Domanska-Janik K. Human Somatic Stem Cell Neural Differentiation Potential. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018; 66:21-87. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93485-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Zhu B, Li W, Chi N, Lewis RV, Osamor J, Wang R. Optimization of Glutaraldehyde Vapor Treatment for Electrospun Collagen/Silk Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:2439-2450. [PMID: 28691110 PMCID: PMC5494641 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Freestanding fibrous matrices with proper protein composition and desirable mechanical properties, stability, and biocompatibility are in high demand for tissue engineering. Electrospun (E-spun) collagen-silk composite fibers are promising tissue engineering scaffolds. However, as-spun fibers are mechanically weak and unstable. In this work, we applied glutaraldehyde (GA) vapor treatment to improve the fiber performance, and the effect on the properties of E-spun collagen-silk fibers was studied systematically. GA treatment was found to affect collagen and silk distinctively. Whereas GA chemically links collagen peptides, it induces conformational transitions to enrich β-sheets in silk. The combined effects impose a control of the mechanical properties, stability, and degradability of the composite fibers, which are dependent on the extent of GA treatment. In addition, a mild treatment of the fibers did not diminish cell proliferation and viability. However, overly treated fibers demonstrated reduced cell-matrix adhesion. The understanding of GA treatment effects on collagen, silk, and the composite fibers enables effective control and fine tuning of the fiber properties to warrant their diverse in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bofan Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Wen Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Naiwei Chi
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Randolph V. Lewis
- Department
of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Jude Osamor
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
| | - Rong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
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9
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Ibrahim MG, Sillem M, Plendl J, Chiantera V, Sehouli J, Mechsner S. Myofibroblasts Are Evidence of Chronic Tissue Microtrauma at the Endometrial–Myometrial Junctional Zone in Uteri With Adenomyosis. Reprod Sci 2017; 24:1410-1418. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116687855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Ibrahim
- Clinic for Gynaecology, Charité University of Medicine, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Sillem
- Praxisklinik am Rosengarten, Augustaanlage, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johanna Plendl
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vito Chiantera
- Clinic for Gynaecology, Charité University of Medicine, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Clinic for Gynaecology, Charité University of Medicine, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Mechsner
- Clinic for Gynaecology, Charité University of Medicine, Hindenburgdamm, Berlin, Germany
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Vellasamy S, Tong CK, Azhar NA, Kodiappan R, Chan SC, Veerakumarasivam A, Ramasamy R. Human mesenchymal stromal cells modulate T-cell immune response via transcriptomic regulation. Cytotherapy 2016; 18:1270-83. [PMID: 27543068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been identified as pan-immunosuppressant in various in vitro and in vivo inflammatory models. Although the immunosuppressive activity of MSCs has been explored in various contexts, the precise molecular signaling pathways that govern inhibitory functions remain poorly elucidated. METHODS By using a microarray-based global gene expression profiling system, this study aimed to decipher the underlying molecular pathways that may mediate the immunosuppressive activity of umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) on activated T cells. RESULTS In the presence of UC-MSCs, the proliferation of activated T cells was suppressed in a dose-depended manner by cell-to-cell contact mode via an active cell-cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. The microarray analysis revealed that particularly, IFNG, CXCL9, IL2, IL2RA and CCND3 genes were down-regulated, whereas IL11, VSIG4, GFA1, TIMP3 and BBC3 genes were up-regulated by UC-MSCs. The dysregulated gene clusters associated with immune-response-related ontologies, namely, lymphocyte proliferation or activation, apoptosis and cell cycle, were further analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Among the nine canonical pathways identified, three pathways (namely T-helper cell differentiation, cyclins and cell cycle regulation, and gap/tight junction signalling pathways) were highly enriched with these dysregulated genes. The pathways represent putative molecular pathways through which UC-MSCs elicit immunosuppressive activity toward activated T cells. This study provides a global snapshot of gene networks and pathways that contribute to the ability of UC-MSCs to suppress activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Vellasamy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chih Kong Tong
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Atiqah Azhar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Radha Kodiappan
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Perdana University, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Medical Genetics Laboratory, Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Soon Choy Chan
- Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine, Perdana University, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Abhi Veerakumarasivam
- Perdana University Graduate School of Medicine, Perdana University, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Medical Genetics Laboratory, Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Genetics & Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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11
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Abumaree MH, Abomaray FM, Alshehri NA, Almutairi A, AlAskar AS, Kalionis B, Al Jumah MA. Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem/Multipotent Stromal Cells From Decidua Parietalis of Human Term Placenta. Reprod Sci 2016; 23:1193-207. [PMID: 26902429 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116632924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) from the human placenta show stem cell-like properties useful for regenerative medicine. Previously, we reported that MSCs isolated from the fetal part of human term placentae have characteristics, which make them a potential candidate for regenerative medicine. In this study, we characterized MSC isolated from the maternal part of human term placenta. The MSCs were isolated from the decidua parietalis (DPMSCs) of human placenta using a digestion method and characterized by colony-forming unit assay and the expression of MSC markers by flow cytometry technique. In addition, DPMSC differentiation into the 3 mesenchymal lineages was also performed. Moreover, the gene and protein expression profiles of DPMSCs were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry techniques, respectively. Furthermore, proteins secreted by DPMSCs were detected by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Finally, the proliferation and migration potentials of DPMSCs were also determined. The DPMSCs were positive for MSC markers and negative for hematopoietic and endothelial markers, as well as costimulatory molecules and HLA-DR. Functionally, DPMSCs formed colonies and differentiated into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes. In addition, they proliferated and migrated in response to different stimuli. Finally, they expressed and secreted many biological and immunological factors with multiple functions. Here, we carry out an extensive characterization of DPMSCs of human placenta. We report that these cells express and secrete a wide range of molecules with multiple functions, and therefore, we suggest that these cells could be an attractive candidate for cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Abumaree
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - F M Abomaray
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N A Alshehri
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Almutairi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A S AlAskar
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - B Kalionis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Department of Perinatal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M A Al Jumah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Cahall CF, Lilly JL, Hirschowitz EA, Berron BJ. A Quantitative Perspective on Surface Marker Selection for the Isolation of Functional Tumor Cells. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2015; 9:1-11. [PMID: 26309407 PMCID: PMC4517843 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s25461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Much effort has gone into developing fluid biopsies of patient peripheral blood for the monitoring of metastatic cancers. One common approach is to isolate and analyze tumor cells in the peripheral blood. Widespread clinical implementation of this approach has been hindered by the current choice of targeting epithelial markers known to be highly variable in primary tumor sites. Here, we review current antigen-based tumor cell isolation strategies and offer biological context for commonly studied cancer surface markers. Expression levels of the most common markers are quantitated for three breast cancer and two non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lineage models. These levels are contrasted with that present on healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for comparison to expected background levels in a fluid biopsy setting. A key feature of this work is establishing a metric of markers per square micrometer. This describes an average marker density on the cell membrane surface, which is a critical metric for emerging isolation strategies. These results serve to extend expression of key tumor markers in a sensitive and dynamic manner beyond traditional positive/negative immunohistochemical staining to guide future fluid biopsy targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin F Cahall
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jacob L Lilly
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Edward A Hirschowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Brad J Berron
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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13
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Vo NTK, Bender AW, Ammendolia DA, Lumsden JS, Dixon B, Bols NC. Development of a walleye spleen stromal cell line sensitive to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV IVb) and to protection by synthetic dsRNA. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:83-93. [PMID: 25701636 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A cell line, WE-spleen6, has been developed from the stromal layer of primary spleen cell cultures. On conventional plastic, WE-spleen6 cells had a spindle-shaped morphology at low cell density but grew to become epithelial-like at confluency. On the commercial extracellular matrix (ECM), Matrigel, the cells remained spindle-shaped and formed lumen-like structures. WE-spleen6 cells had intermediate filament protein, vimentin and the ECM protein, collagen I, but not smooth muscle α-actin (SMA) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) and lacked alkaline phosphatase and phagocytic activities. WE-spleen6 was more susceptible to infection with VHSV IVb than a fibroblast and epithelial cell lines from the walleye caudal fin, WE-cfin11f and WE-cfin11e, respectively. Viral transcripts and proteins appeared earlier in WE-spleen6 cultures as did cytopathic effect (CPE) and significant virus production. The synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (pIC), induced the antiviral protein Mx in both cell lines. Treating WE-spleen6 cultures with pIC prior to infection with VHSV IVb inhibited the early accumulation of viral transcripts and proteins and delayed the appearance of CPE and significant viral production. Of particular note, pIC caused the disappearance of viral P protein 2 days post infection. WE-spleen6 should be useful for investigating the impact of VHSV IVb on hematopoietic organs and the actions of pIC on the rhabdovirus life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Aaron W Bender
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | - John S Lumsden
- Ontario Veterinary College, Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N2G 2W1, Canada
| | - Brian Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Niels C Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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14
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Devi YS, DeVine M, DeKuiper J, Ferguson S, Fazleabas AT. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling pathway by curcumin in uterine decidual cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125627. [PMID: 25961579 PMCID: PMC4427355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-6 is a multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine and has been implicated in many gestational disorders including preterm birth. Currently, there are no appropriate therapeutic interventions available to circumvent inflammatory-mediated gestational disorders. Therefore, the goal of this study was to identify a safe and effective pharmacological compound to counterbalance inflammatory responses in the uterus. Curcumin, a naturally-occuring polyphenolic compound, has been widely used in alternative medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin has not been explored in uterine decidual cells, a major source of IL-6. Therefore, we examined the effect of curcumin on IL-6 expression using two types of uterine decidual cells 1) HuF cells, primary human fibroblast cells obtained from the decidua parietalis; 2) UIII cells, a rodent non-transformed decidual cell line. Curcumin treatment completely abrogated the expression of IL-1β-induced IL-6 in these cells. Curcumin also strongly inhibited the expression of gp130, a critical molecule in IL-6 signaling, whereas expression of IL-6R and sIL-6R was not affected. Curcumin also inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear localization of STAT3, a well-known downstream mediator of IL-6 signaling. Furthermore, curcumin attenuated IL-1β-induced IL-6 promoter reporter activity suggesting transcriptional regulation. To further understand whether NF-ҡB is involved in this inhibition, we examined the effect of curcumin on the expression of p50 and p65 subunits of NF-ҡB in decidual cells. Expression of IL-1β-induced p50 mRNA was repressed by curcumin while p65 mRNA was not affected. However, curcumin treatment dramatically inhibited both p50 and p65 protein levels and prevented its nuclear localization. This effect is at least partly mediated through the deactivation of IKK, since IL-1β-induced IKKα/β phosphorylation is decreased upon curcumin treatment. Our results not only revealed molecular mechanisms underlying curcumin action in uterine decidual cells but also suggest that this compound may have therapeutic potential for the prevention of inflammation-mediated preterm birth and other gestational disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Sangeeta Devi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Majesta DeVine
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Justin DeKuiper
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Susan Ferguson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
| | - Asgerally T. Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States of America
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15
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Kim T, Sridharan I, Zhu B, Orgel J, Wang R. Effect of CNT on collagen fiber structure, stiffness assembly kinetics and stem cell differentiation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 49:281-289. [PMID: 25686951 PMCID: PMC7225775 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is a native one-dimensional nanomaterial. Carbon nanotube (CNT) was found to interface with biological materials and show promising applications in creating reinforced scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, we examined the unique role of CNT in collagen fiber structure, mechanical strength and assembly kinetics. The results imply that CNT interacts with collagen at the molecular level. It relaxes the helical coil of collagen fibrils and has the effect of flattening the fibers leading to the elongation of D-period, the characteristic banding feature of collagen fibers. The surface charge of oxidized CNT leads to enhanced local ionic strength during collagen fibrillogenesis, accounting for the slower kinetics of collagen-CNT (COL-CNT) fiber assembly and the formation of thicker fibers. Due to the rigidity of CNT, the addition of CNT increases the fiber stiffness significantly. When applied as a matrix for human decidua parietalis placental stem cells (hdpPSCs) differentiation, COL-CNT was found to support fast and efficient neural differentiation ascribed to the elongated D-period. These results highlight the superiority of CNT to modulate collagen fiber assembly at the molecular level. The study also exemplifies the use of CNT to enhance the functionality of collagen for biological and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Kim
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Indumathi Sridharan
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Bofan Zhu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Joseph Orgel
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
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16
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Zhu B, Li W, Lewis RV, Segre CU, Wang R. E-spun composite fibers of collagen and dragline silk protein: fiber mechanics, biocompatibility, and application in stem cell differentiation. Biomacromolecules 2014; 16:202-13. [PMID: 25405355 PMCID: PMC4294589 DOI: 10.1021/bm501403f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Biocomposite
matrices with high mechanical strength, high stability,
and the ability to direct matrix-specific stem cell differentiation
are essential for the reconstruction of lesioned tissues in tissue
engineering and cell therapeutics. Toward this end, we used the electrospinning
technique to fabricate well-aligned composite fibers from collagen
and spider dragline silk protein, obtained from the milk of transgenic
goats, mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM) on a similar
scale. Collagen and the dragline silk proteins were found to mix homogeneously
at all ratios in the electrospun (E-spun) fibers. As a result, the
ultimate tensile strength and elasticity of the fibers increased monotonically
with silk percentage, whereas the stretchability was slightly reduced.
Strikingly, we found that the incorporation of silk proteins to collagen
dramatically increased the matrix stability against excessive fiber
swelling and shape deformation in cell culture medium. When human
decidua parietalis placental stem cells (hdpPSCs) were seeded on the
collagen–silk matrices, the matrices were found to support
cell proliferation at a similar rate as that of the pure collagen
matrix, but they provided cell adhesion with reduced strengths and
induced cell polarization at varied levels. Matrices containing 15
and 30 wt % silk in collagen (CS15, CS30) were found to induce a level
of neural differentiation comparable to that of pure collagen. In
particular, CS15 matrix induced the highest extent of cell polarization
and promoted the development of extended 1D neural filaments strictly
in-line with the aligned fibers. Taking the increased mechanical strength
and fiber stability into consideration, CS15 and CS30 E-spun fibers
offer better alternatives to pure collagen fibers as scaffolds that
can be potentially utilized in neural tissue repair and the development
of future nanobiodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bofan Zhu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, ‡Department of Physics, Illinois Institute of Technology , Chicago, Illinois 60616, United States
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17
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Bellavia M, Altomare R, Cacciabaudo F, Santoro A, Allegra A, Concetta Gioviale M, Lo Monte AI. Towards an ideal source of mesenchymal stem cell isolation for possible therapeutic application in regenerative medicine. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2014; 158:356-60. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2013.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Heazlewood CF, Sherrell H, Ryan J, Atkinson K, Wells CA, Fisk NM. High incidence of contaminating maternal cell overgrowth in human placental mesenchymal stem/stromal cell cultures: a systematic review. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:1305-11. [PMID: 25154781 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Placenta is a readily accessible translationally advantageous source of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) currently used in cryobanking and clinical trials. MSCs cultured from human chorion have been widely assumed to be fetal in origin, despite evidence that placental MSCs may be contaminated with maternal cells, resulting in entirely maternally derived MSC cultures. To document the frequency and determinants of maternal cell contamination in chorionic MSCs, we undertook a PRISMA-compliant systematic review of publications in the PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases (January 2000 to July 2013) on placental and/or chorionic MSCs from uncomplicated pregnancies. Of 147 studies, only 26 (18%) investigated fetal and/or maternal cell origin. After excluding studies that did not satisfy minimal MSC criteria, 7 of 15 informative studies documented MSC cultures as entirely fetal, a further 7 studies reported cultured human chorionic MSC populations to be either maternal (n=6) or mixed (n=1), whereas 1 study separately cultured pure fetal and pure maternal MSC from the same placenta. Maternal cell contamination was associated with term and chorionic membrane samples and greater passage number but was still present in 30% of studies of chorionic villous MSCs. Although most studies assume fetal origin for MSCs sourced from chorion, this systematic review documents a high incidence of maternal-origin MSC populations in placental MSC cultures. Given that fetal MSCs have more primitive properties than adult MSCs, our findings have implications for clinical trials in which knowledge of donor and tissue source is pivotal. We recommend sensitive methods to quantitate the source and purity of placental MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celena F Heazlewood
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, and Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Sherrell
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, and Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Ryan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, and Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry Atkinson
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, and Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christine A Wells
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, and Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M Fisk
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology at the Translational Research Institute, and Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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19
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Establishment of a xeno-free culture system that preserves the characteristics of placenta mesenchymal stem cells. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:851-60. [PMID: 24997581 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9725-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although stem cells are promising candidates for cell replacement therapies, the vast majority are derived using animal sera, which has risk of being contaminated by animal viruses or toxins. To overcome these potential problems, we initially established multiple lines of stem cells from first-trimester human placenta (fPMSC), which were cultivated using human follicular fluid (hFF) instead of fetal bovine serum (FBS). FF provides a very important microenvironment for the development of oocytes. No differences were found in the general morphology, growth rate, karyotype, gene and surface expressions between placental MSCs cultured in 5 % hFF-supplemented medium (fPMSC-X) or 10 % FBS-supplemented medium (fPMSC). Differentiation experiments confirmed similar levels of potency in cells grown in either condition. Since hFF preserved the unique features of the stem cells and is free from potential pathogens, it should be considered as the main culture medium supplement for the propagation of human stem cells for clinical applications.
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20
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Li W, Zhu B, Strakova Z, Wang R. Two-way regulation between cells and aligned collagen fibrils: local 3D matrix formation and accelerated neural differentiation of human decidua parietalis placental stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1377-82. [PMID: 25003322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been well established that an aligned matrix provides structural and signaling cues to guide cell polarization and cell fate decision. However, the modulation role of cells in matrix remodeling and the feedforward effect on stem cell differentiation have not been studied extensively. In this study, we report on the concerted changes of human decidua parietalis placental stem cells (hdpPSCs) and the highly ordered collagen fibril matrix in response to cell-matrix interaction. With high-resolution imaging, we found the hdpPSCs interacted with the matrix by deforming the cell shape, harvesting the nearby collagen fibrils, and reorganizing the fibrils around the cell body to transform a 2D matrix to a localized 3D matrix. Such a unique 3D matrix prompted high expression of β-1 integrin around the cell body that mediates and facilitates the stem cell differentiation toward neural cells. The study offers insights into the coordinated, dynamic changes at the cell-matrix interface and elucidates cell modulation of its matrix to establish structural and biochemical cues for effective cell growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S Dearborn ST., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Bofan Zhu
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S Dearborn ST., Chicago, IL 60616, United States
| | - Zuzana Strakova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 S Wood Street, M/C 808, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101S Dearborn ST., Chicago, IL 60616, United States.
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21
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Zhu Z, Liu Z, Liu J, Bi M, Yang T, Wang J. Proteomic profiling of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells upon transforming LIM mineralization protein-1 stimulation. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:285-97. [PMID: 24468833 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) can differentiate into different types of cells and thus have tremendous potential for cell therapy and tissue engineering. LIM mineralization protein-1 (LMP-1) plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation, maturation and bone formation. To determine a global effect of LMP-1 on hPDMSCs, we designed a study using a proteomic approach combined with adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of LMP-1 to identify LMP-1-induced changes in hPDMSCs on proteome level. We have generated proteome maps of undifferentiated hPDMSCs and LMP-1 induced hPDMSCs. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed 22 spots with at least 2.0-fold changes in expression and 15 differently expressed proteins were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The proteins regulated by LMP-1 included cytoskeletal proteins, cadmium-binding proteins, and metabolic proteins, etc. The expression of some identified proteins was confirmed by further Western blot analyses. Our results will play an important role in better elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism in LMP-1 included hPDMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
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22
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Rassouli FB, Matin MM, Bahrami AR, Ghaffarzadegan K, Cheshomi H, Lari S, Memar B, Kan MS. Evaluating stem and cancerous biomarkers in CD15+CD44+ KYSE30 cells. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:2909-20. [PMID: 23797812 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Digestive system cancers are listed among the ten top causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are malignant cells that share some of their characteristics with normal stem cells, including self-renewal and multipotency, and also cancer cells, such as drug resistance and metastasis. Despite many reports on CSCs with digestive system origin, identification and characterization of esophageal CSCs have remained elusive. To examine the validity of routine SC, cancer cell and CSC markers in KYSE30 cells, derived from esophageal carcinoma, cells were first characterized by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR techniques, and then the significance of candidate biomarkers was evaluated in retinoic acid-treated cells by flow cytometry and/or real-time RT-PCR. Meanwhile, to study CD15 (a newly introduced CSC marker) expression in digestive tract cancers, human normal and tumoral tissues of esophagus, stomach, and colon were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Using several experimental approaches, we show that CD44, but not CD15, could serve as a reliable marker for undifferentiated malignant squamous cells of esophagus. In conclusion, our study confirms the role of CD44 as a CSC marker in KYSE30 cells, an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell line, and for the first time indicates the expression of CD15 in non-neural stem-like cancer cells. Although the importance of CD15 was not indicated in diagnosis of digestive cancers, further studies are needed to better understand the biological identity and function of this molecule in non-neural malignancies.
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23
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Bhonde RR, Sheshadri P, Sharma S, Kumar A. Making surrogate β-cells from mesenchymal stromal cells: perspectives and future endeavors. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 46:90-102. [PMID: 24275096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Generation of surrogate β-cells is the need of the day to compensate the short supply of islets for transplantation to diabetic patients requiring daily shots of insulin. Over the years several sources of stem cells have been claimed to cater to the need of insulin producing cells. These include human embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, human perinatal tissues such as amnion, placenta, umbilical cord and postnatal tissues involving adipose tissue, bone marrow, blood monocytes, cord blood, dental pulp, endometrium, liver, labia minora dermis-derived fibroblasts and pancreas. Despite the availability of such heterogonous sources, there is no substantial breakthrough in selecting and implementing an ideal source for generating large number of stable insulin producing cells. Although the progress in derivation of β-cell like cells from embryonic stem cells has taken a greater leap, their application is limited due to controversy surrounding the destruction of human embryo and immune rejection. Since multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells are free of ethical and immunological complications, they could provide unprecedented opportunity as starting material to derive insulin secreting cells. The main focus of this review is to discuss the merits and demerits of MSCs obtained from human peri- and post-natal tissue sources to yield abundant glucose responsive insulin producing cells as ideal candidates for prospective stem cell therapy to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh R Bhonde
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Post, Alalsandra, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Preethi Sheshadri
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Post, Alalsandra, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Shikha Sharma
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Post, Alalsandra, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Anujith Kumar
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, GKVK Post, Alalsandra, Yelahanka, Bangalore 560065, India.
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24
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Tumor stiffness is unrelated to myosin light chain phosphorylation in cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79776. [PMID: 24224004 PMCID: PMC3817105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many tumors are stiffer than their surrounding tissue. This increase in stiffness has been attributed, in part, to a Rho-dependent elevation of myosin II light chain phosphorylation. To characterize this mechanism further, we studied myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), the main enzyme that phosphorylates myosin II light chains. We anticipated that increases in MLCK expression and activity would contribute to the increased stiffness of cancer cells. However, we find that MLCK mRNA and protein levels are substantially less in cancer cells and tissues than in normal cells. Consistent with this observation, cancer cells contract 3D collagen matrices much more slowly than normal cells. Interestingly, inhibiting MLCK or Rho kinase did not affect the 3D gel contractions while blebbistatin partially and cytochalasin D maximally inhibited contractions. Live cell imaging of cells in collagen gels showed that cytochalasin D inhibited filopodia-like projections that formed between cells while a MLCK inhibitor had no effect on these projections. These data suggest that myosin II phosphorylation is dispensable in regulating the mechanical properties of tumors.
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25
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Sridharan I, Kim T, Strakova Z, Wang R. Matrix-specified differentiation of human decidua parietalis placental stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:489-95. [PMID: 23850689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To create suitable biological scaffolds for tissue engineering and cell therapeutics, it is essential to understand the matrix-mediated specification of stem cell differentiation. To this end, we studied the effect of collagen type I on stem cell lineage specification. We altered the properties of collagen type I by incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNT). The collagen-CNT composite material was stiffer with thicker fibers and longer D-period. Human decidua parietalis stem cells (hdpPSC) were found to differentiate exclusively and rapidly towards neural cells on the collagen-CNT matrix. We attribute this accelerated neural differentiation to the enhanced structural and mechanical properties of collagen-CNT material. Strikingly, the collagen-CNT matrix, unlike collagen, imposes the neural fate by an alternate mechanism that may be independent of beta-1 integrin and beta-catenin. The study demonstrates the sensitivity of stem cells to subtle changes in the matrix and the utilization of a novel biocomposite material for efficient and directed differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Sridharan
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60616, United States
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26
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Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells: phenotypic characterization and optimizing their therapeutic potential for clinical applications. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11692-712. [PMID: 23727936 PMCID: PMC3709752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wharton's jelly (WJ) is a gelatinous tissue within the umbilical cord that contains myofibroblast-like stromal cells. A unique cell population of WJ that has been suggested as displaying the stemness phenotype is the mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Because MSCs' stemness and immune properties appear to be more robustly expressed and functional which are more comparable with fetal than adult-derived MSCs, MSCs harvested from the "young" WJ are considered much more proliferative, immunosuppressive, and even therapeutically active stem cells than those isolated from older, adult tissue sources such as the bone marrow or adipose. The present review discusses the phenotypic characteristics, therapeutic applications, and optimization of experimental protocols for WJ-derived stem cells. MSCs derived from WJ display promising transplantable features, including ease of sourcing, in vitro expandability, differentiation abilities, immune-evasion and immune-regulation capacities. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that WJ-derived stem cells possess many potential advantages as transplantable cells for treatment of various diseases (e.g., cancer, chronic liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, nerve, cartilage and tendon injury). Additional studies are warranted to translate the use of WJ-derived stem cells for clinical applications.
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27
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Liu S, Li N, Yu X, Xiao X, Cheng K, Hu J, Wang J, Zhang D, Cheng S, Liu S. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 by hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells and circulating tumor cells. Gastroenterology 2013; 144:1031-1041.e10. [PMID: 23376424 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is believed to be involved in metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Cancer stem cells promote tumor relapse and metastasis. We investigated whether ICAM-1 is a marker of HCC stem cells. METHODS Sphere formation and tumor formation assays were performed to investigate the stem cell properties of ICAM-1(+) cells in vitro and in vivo. A specific targeting system that inhibits ICAM-1 expression and hepatitis B virus transgenic mice (M-TgHBV) were used to investigate whether inhibition of ICAM-1 reduced tumor incidence and metastasis in vivo. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analysis to assess ICAM-1 and Nanog expression in tumor cell lines, and flow cytometry analysis was used to investigate ICAM-1 expression in HCC and blood samples. RESULTS ICAM-1 was expressed on a minor cell population in HCC tumor cell lines, as well as in tumor tissues and circulating tumor cells isolated from patients and transgenic mice. ICAM-1(+) tumor cells had greater sphere-forming and tumorigenic capacities and increased expression of stemness-related genes compared with ICAM-1(-) tumor cells. The specific inhibition of ICAM-1 reduced formation and metastasis in M-TgHBV mice. ICAM-1 was found to be a marker of circulating tumor cells from patients and M-TgHBV mice. Increased numbers of CD45(-)ICAM-1(+) cells in blood samples of patients with HCC correlated with worse clinical outcomes. The stem cell transcription factor Nanog regulated expression of ICAM-1 in HCC stem cells. CONCLUSIONS ICAM-1 is a marker of HCC stem cells in humans and mice; ICAM-1 inhibitors slow tumor formation and metastasis in mice. ICAM-1 expression is regulated by the stem cell transcription factor Nanog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shupeng Liu
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Vellasamy S, Sandrasaigaran P, Vidyadaran S, Abdullah M, George E, Ramasamy R. Mesenchymal stem cells of human placenta and umbilical cord suppress T-cell proliferation at G0phase of cell cycle. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:250-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth George
- Hematology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universiti Putra Malaysia; Serdang, Selangor; Malaysia
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Pipino C, Shangaris P, Resca E, Zia S, Deprest J, Sebire NJ, David AL, Guillot PV, De Coppi P. Placenta as a reservoir of stem cells: an underutilized resource? Br Med Bull 2013. [PMID: 23184854 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/lds033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both embryonic and adult tissues are sources of stem cells with therapeutic potential but with some limitations in the clinical practice such as ethical considerations, difficulty in obtaining and tumorigenicity. As an alternative, the placenta is a foetal tissue that can be obtained during gestation and at term, and it represents a reservoir of stem cells with various potential. SOURCES OF DATA We reviewed the relevant literature concerning the main stem cells that populate the placenta. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Recently, the placenta has become useful source of stem cells that offer advantages in terms of proliferation and plasticity when compared with adult cells and permit to overcome the ethical and safety concern inherent in embryonic stem cells. In addition, the placenta has the advantage of containing epithelia, haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. These stem cells possess immunosuppressive properties and have the capacity of suppress in vivo inflammatory responses. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Some studies describe a subpopulation of placenta stem cells expressing pluripotency markers, but for other studies, it is not clear whether pluripotent stem cells are present during gestation beyond the first few weeks. Particularly, the expression of some pluripotency markers such as SSEA-3, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 has been reported by us, but not by others. GROWING POINTS Placenta stem cells could be of great importance after delivery for banking for autologous and allogeneic applications. The beneficial effects of these cells may be due to secretion of bioactive molecules that act through paracrine actions promoting beneficial effects. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Understanding the role of placenta stem cells during pregnancy and their paracrine actions could help in the study of some diseases that affect the placenta during pregnancy.
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Fujiwara K, Ohuchida K, Mizumoto K, Shindo K, Eguchi D, Kozono S, Ikenaga N, Ohtsuka T, Takahata S, Aishima S, Tanaka M. CD271⁺ subpopulation of pancreatic stellate cells correlates with prognosis of pancreatic cancer and is regulated by interaction with cancer cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52682. [PMID: 23300742 PMCID: PMC3531333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a crucial role in the aggressive behavior of pancreatic cancer. Although heterogeneity of PSCs has been identified, the functional differences remain unclear. We characterized CD271+ PSCs in human pancreatic cancer. Immunohistochemistry for CD271 was performed for 31 normal pancreatic tissues and 105 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). We performed flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR, and assessed CD271 expression in PSCs isolated from pancreatic tissues and the changes in CD271 expression in PSCs cocultured with cancer cells. We also investigated the pattern of CD271 expression in a SCID mouse xenograft model. In the immunohistochemical analyses, the CD271-high staining rates in pancreatic stroma in normal pancreatic tissues and PDACs were 2/31 (6.5%) and 29/105 (27.6%), respectively (p = 0.0069). In PDACs, CD271+ stromal cells were frequently observed on the edge rather than the center of the tumors. Stromal CD271 high expression was associated with a good prognosis (p = 0.0040). Flow cytometric analyses demonstrated CD271-positive rates in PSCs were 0–2.1%. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that CD271 mRNA expression was increased in PSCs after coculture with pancreatic cancer cells. However, the level of CD271 mRNA expression subsequently decreased after the transient increase. Furthermore, CD271 mRNA expression was decreased in PSCs migrating toward pancreatic cancer cells through Matrigel. In the xenograft model, CD271+ PSCs were present at tumor margins/periphery and were absent in the tumor core. In conclusion, CD271 was expressed in PSCs around pancreatic tumors, but not in the center of the tumors, and expression decreased after long coculture with pancreatic cancer cells or after movement toward pancreatic cancer cells. These findings suggest that CD271+ PSCs appear at the early stage of pancreatic carcinogenesis and that CD271 expression is significantly correlated with a better prognosis in patients with PDAC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Cell Communication
- Cell Movement
- Coculture Techniques
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Pancreatic Stellate Cells/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Fujiwara
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenoki Ohuchida
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Advanced Medical Initiatives, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazuhiro Mizumoto
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Kyushu University Hospital Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Shindo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiki Eguchi
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Kozono
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoki Ikenaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Ohtsuka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shunichi Takahata
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Aishima
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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El-Helou V, Gosselin H, Villeneuve L, Calderone A. The plating of rat scar myofibroblasts on matrigel unmasks a novel phenotype; the self assembly of lumen-like structures. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:2442-50. [PMID: 22573558 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During tissue healing, the primary role of myofibroblasts involves the synthesis and deposition of collagen. However, it has also been reported that selective populations of myofibroblasts can acquire the phenotype and/or differentiate to other cells types. The present study tested the hypothesis that myofibroblasts isolated from the scar of the ischemically damaged rat heart can recapitulate an endothelial cell-like response when plated in a permissive in vitro environment. Scar myofibroblasts, neonatal and adult ventricular fibroblasts express smooth muscle α-actin, collagen α(1) type 1 and a panel of pro-fibrotic and pro-angiogenic peptide growth factor mRNAs. Myofibroblasts plated alone on matrigel led to the self assembly of lumen-like structures whereas neonatal and adult rat ventricular fibroblasts were unresponsive. Myofibroblasts labeled with the fluorescent cell tracker CM-DiI were injected in the viable myocardium of 3-day post-myocardial infarcted Sprague-Dawley rats and sacrificed 7 days later. Injected CM-DiI-labeled myofibroblasts were detected predominantly in the peri-infarct/infarct region, highlighting their migration to the damaged region. However, engrafted myofibroblasts in the peri-infarct/infarct region were unable to adopt an endothelial cell-like phenotype or lead to the de novo formation of CM-DiI-labeled blood vessels. The non-permissive nature of the infarct region may be attributed at least in part to the presence of growth-promoting stimuli as TGF-β and the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol inhibited the self assembly of lumen-like structures by myofibroblasts. Thus, when plated in a permissive in vitro environment, scar myofibroblasts can self assemble and form lumen-like structures providing an additional novel phenotype distinguishing this population from normal ventricular fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane El-Helou
- Département de Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Castrechini NM, Murthi P, Qin S, Kusuma GD, Wilton L, Abumaree M, Gronthos S, Zannettino A, Gude NM, Brennecke SP, Kalionis B. Decidua parietalis-derived mesenchymal stromal cells reside in a vascular niche within the choriodecidua. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:1302-14. [PMID: 22886285 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112450334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from gestational tissues represent promising cell populations with stem cell-like properties for use in regenerative medicine. Previously, we reported that MSCs in the chorionic villi of the human placenta reside in a vascular niche. However, the niche(s) in which MSCs reside in the fetal membranes, another rich source of MSCs, remains to be determined. The cell surface markers STRO-1 and 3G5 were previously employed to identify niches in a variety of tissues and here we use these markers to report the location of the MSC niche in the human decidua parietalis. The cultured decidua parietalis MSCs (DPMSCs) isolated from the choriodecidua component of the fetal membranes possessed stem cell-like properties such as adherence to plastic, colony forming ability, and multipotent differentiation potential. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showed cultured DPMSCs were of maternal origin. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated that cultured DPMSCs stained positively with stem cell surface markers 3G5, CD105, CD106, STRO-1, CD146, CD49a, and α-SMA but were negative for hematopoietic markers (CD117, CD34) and vascular markers (CD34, von Willebrand factor [vWF]). Immunohistochemistry with antibodies to stem cell surface markers and the endothelial markers on term fetal membranes revealed a vascular niche for DPMSCs, which was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. Both STRO-1 and vWF fluorescence signals showed substantial overlap, while CD146 and vWF signals showed partial overlap. These observations were consistent with a vascular niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Castrechini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Pregnancy Research Centre, Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Long-term cultured human term placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells of maternal origin displays plasticity. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:174328. [PMID: 22550499 PMCID: PMC3329664 DOI: 10.1155/2012/174328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an alluring therapeutic resource because of their plasticity, immunoregulatory capacity and
ease of availability. Human BM-derived MSCs have limited proliferative capability, consequently, it is challenging to
use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Hence, placental MSCs of maternal origin, which is
one of richest sources of MSCs were chosen to establish long-term culture from the cotyledons of full-term human placenta.
Flow analysis established bonafied MSCs phenotypic characteristics, staining positively for CD29, CD73, CD90, CD105 and negatively for CD14, CD34, CD45 markers. Pluripotency of the cultured MSCs was assessed by in vitro differentiation towards not only intralineage cells like adipocytes, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and myotubules cells but also translineage differentiated towards pancreatic progenitor cells, neural cells, and retinal cells displaying plasticity. These cells did not significantly alter cell cycle or apoptosis pattern while maintaining the normal karyotype; they also have limited expression of MHC-II antigens and are Naive for stimulatory factors CD80 and CD 86. Further soft agar assays revealed that placental MSCs do not have the ability to form invasive colonies. Taking together all these characteristics into consideration, it indicates that placental MSCs could serve as good candidates for development and progress of stem-cell based therapeutics.
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Sources of mesenchymal stem cells: current and future clinical use. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 130:267-86. [PMID: 23117644 DOI: 10.1007/10_2012_161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Demars MP, Bartholomew A, Strakova Z, Lazarov O. Soluble amyloid precursor protein: a novel proliferation factor of adult progenitor cells of ectodermal and mesodermal origin. Stem Cell Res Ther 2011; 2:36. [PMID: 21878106 PMCID: PMC3219067 DOI: 10.1186/scrt77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soluble amyloid precursor protein α (sAPPα) is a proteolyte of APP cleavage by α-secretase. The significance of the cleavage and the physiological role of sAPPα are unknown. A crystal structure of a region of the amino terminal of sAPPα reveals a domain that is similar to cysteine-rich growth factors. While a previous study implicates sAPPα in the regulation of neural progenitor cell proliferation in the subventricular zone of adult mice, the ubiquitous expression of APP suggests that its role as a growth factor might be broader. METHODS sAPPα and α-secretase activities were determined in neural progenitor cells (NPCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and human decidua parietalis placenta stem cells (hdPSC). Inhibition of α-secretase was achieved by treatment with the matrixmetalloproteinase inhibitor GM6001, and proliferation was determined using clonogenic and immunocytochemical analysis of cell-lineage markers. Recovery of proliferation was achieved by supplementing GM6001-treated cells with recombinant soluble APPα. Expression of APP and its cellular localization in the subventricular zone was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of APP wild type and knockout tissue. Alterations in pERK and pAKT expression as a function of soluble APPα production and activity in NPCs were determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Here we show that sAPPα is a proliferation factor of adult NPCs, MSCs and hdpPSC. Inhibition of α-secretase activity reduces proliferation of these stem cell populations in a dose-dependent manner. Stem cell proliferation can be recovered by the addition of sAPPα in a dose-dependent manner, but not of media depleted of sAPPα. Importantly, sAPPα operates independently of the prominent proliferation factors epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), but in association with ERK signaling and MAP-kinase signaling pathways. Levels of sAPPα and putative α-secretase, ADAM10, are particularly high in the subventricular zone of adult mice, suggesting a role for sAPPα in regulation of NPCs in this microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS These results determine a physiological function for sAPPα and identify a new proliferation factor of progenitor cells of ectodermal and mesodermal origin. Further, our studies elucidate a potential pathway for sAPPα signaling through MAP kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Demars
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 S Wood St, Rm, 572 Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Fibroblasts share mesenchymal phenotypes with stem cells, but lack their differentiation and colony-forming potential. Biol Cell 2011; 103:197-208. [PMID: 21332447 DOI: 10.1042/bc20100117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Although MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) and fibroblasts have been well studied, differences between these two cell types are not fully understood. We therefore comparatively analysed antigen and gene profiles, colony-forming ability and differentiation potential of four human cell types in vitro: commercially available skin-derived fibroblasts [hSDFs (human skin-derived fibroblasts)], adipose tissue-derived stem cells [hASCs (human adipose tissue-derived stem cells)], embryonic lung fibroblasts (WI38) and dermal microvascular endothelial cells [hECs (human dermal microvascular endothelial cells)]. RESULTS hSDFs, hASCs and WI38 exhibited a similar spindle-like morphology and expressed same antigen profiles: positive for MSC markers (CD44, CD73 and CD105) and fibroblastic markers [collagen I, HSP47 (heat shock protein 47), vimentin, FSP (fibroblast surface protein) and αSMA (α smooth muscle actin)], and negative for endothelial cell marker CD31 and haemopoietic lineage markers (CD14 and CD45). We further analysed 90 stem cell-associated gene expressions by performing real-time PCR and found a more similar gene expression pattern between hASCs and hSDFs than between hSDFs and WI38. The expression of embryonic stem cell markers [OCT4, KLF4, NANOG, LIN28, FGF4 (fibroblast growth factor 4) and REST] in hASCs and hSDFs was observed to differ more than 2.5-fold as compared with WI38. In addition, hSDFs and hASCs were able to form colonies and differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts and chondrocytes in vitro, but not WI38. Moreover, single cell-derived hSDFs and hASCs obtained by clonal expansion were able to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts. However, CD31 positive hECs did not show differentiation potential. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that (i) so-called commercially available fibroblast preparations from skin (hSDFs) consist of a significant number of cells with differentiation potential apart from terminally differentiated fibroblasts; (ii) colony-forming capacity and differentiation potential are specific important properties that discriminate MSCs from fibroblasts (WI38), while conventional stem cell properties such as plastic adherence and the expression of CD44, CD90 and CD105 are unspecific for stem cells.
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Park JH, Daheron L, Kantarci S, Lee BS, Teixeira JM. Human endometrial cells express elevated levels of pluripotent factors and are more amenable to reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells. Endocrinology 2011; 152:1080-9. [PMID: 21209016 PMCID: PMC3198966 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human endometrium is a tissue with remarkable plasticity and regenerative capacity. Additionally, endometrial cells can be retrieved using minimally invasive procedures, which makes them an ideal source for reprogramming into a pluripotent state. Endometrial cells were obtained from donors in their fifth decade and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells using retroviral transduction with SOX2, OCT4, KLF4, and MYC. The human endometrial cells displayed accelerated expression of endogenous NANOG and OCT4 during reprogramming compared with neonatal skin fibroblasts. As a result, iPS cell colonies that could be subcultured and propagated were established as early as 12 d after transduction rather than the usually reported 3-4 wk for other cell types. After 3 wk of reprogramming, the human endometrial cells also yielded significantly higher numbers of iPS colonies in comparison with the neonatal skin fibroblasts. Although the efficiency of iPS colony formation varied depending on the donor, the basal level of endogenous expression of the defined factors was positively correlated with reprogramming efficiency. The reprogramming resulted in an average colony-forming efficiency of 0.49 ± 0.10%, with a range from 0.31-0.66%, compared with the neonatal skin fibroblasts, resulting in an average efficiency of 0.03 ± 0.00% per transduction, with a range from 0.02-0.03%. Our studies show that the human endometrium expresses elevated levels of pluripotent factors, which with additional defined factors, results in significantly more efficient and accelerated generation of induced pluripotent stem cells compared with conventional somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Park
- Vincent Center of Reproductive Biology/Their 931, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Park TS, Gavina M, Chen CW, Sun B, Teng PN, Huard J, Deasy BM, Zimmerlin L, Péault B. Placental perivascular cells for human muscle regeneration. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 20:451-63. [PMID: 20923371 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular multipotent mesenchymal progenitors exist in a variety of tissues, including the placenta. Here, we suggest that the abundant vasculature present in the human placenta can serve as a source of myogenic cells to regenerate skeletal muscle. Chorionic villi dissected from the mid-gestation human placenta were first transplanted intact into the gastrocnemius muscles of SCID/mdx mice, where they participated in muscle regeneration by producing myofibers expressing human dystrophin and spectrin. In vitro-cultured placental villi released rapidly adhering and migratory CD146+CD34⁻CD45⁻CD56⁻ cells of putative perivascular origin that expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers. CD146+CD34⁻CD45⁻CD56⁻ perivascular cells isolated and purified from the placental villi by flow cytometry were indeed highly myogenic in culture, and generated dystrophin-positive myofibers, and they promoted angiogenesis after transplantation into SCID/mdx mouse muscles. These observations confirm the existence of mesenchymal progenitor cells within the walls of human blood vessels, and suggest that the richly vascularized human placenta is an abundant source of perivascular myogenic cells able to migrate within dystrophic muscle and regenerate myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Soon Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Macias MI, Grande J, Moreno A, Domínguez I, Bornstein R, Flores AI. Isolation and characterization of true mesenchymal stem cells derived from human term decidua capable of multilineage differentiation into all 3 embryonic layers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 203:495.e9-495.e23. [PMID: 20692642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to isolate and characterize a population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human term placental membranes. STUDY DESIGN We isolated an adherent cell population from extraembryonic membranes. Morphology, phenotype, growth characteristics, karyotype, and immunological and differentiation properties were analyzed. RESULTS The isolated placental MSCs were from maternal origin and named as decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs). DMSCs differentiated into derivatives of all germ layers. It is the first report about placental MSC differentiation into alveolar type II cells. Clonally expanded DMSCs differentiated into all embryonic layers, including pulmonary cells. DMSCs showed higher life span than placental cells from fetal origin and proliferated without genomic instability. CONCLUSION The data suggest that DMSCs are true multipotent MSCs, distinguishing them from other placental MSCs. DMSCs could be safely used in the mother as a potential source of MSCs for pelvic floor dysfunctions and immunological diseases. Additionally, frozen DMSCs can be stored for both autologous and allogeneic tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Macias
- Research Center, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda Cordoba s/n, Madrid, Spain
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Trubiani O, Zalzal SF, Paganelli R, Marchisio M, Giancola R, Pizzicannella J, Bühring HJ, Piattelli M, Caputi S, Nanci A. Expression profile of the embryonic markers nanog, OCT-4, SSEA-1, SSEA-4, and frizzled-9 receptor in human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:123-31. [PMID: 20458727 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are self-renewing cells with the ability to differentiate into various mesodermal-derived tissues. Recently, we have identified in adult human periodontal ligament (PDL) a population of stem cells (PDL-MSCs) with the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. The aim of the present work was to further characterize this population and the expression profile of its cells. To achieve our objective we have used flow cytometry, magnetic cell sorting, cytokine antibody array, and light and electron microscope immunostaining. Our results show that the PDL-MSCs contain a subpopulation of frizzled-9 (CD349) positive cells expressing a panel of key mesenchymal and embryonic markers including CD10, CD26, CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, SSEA-1, and SSEA-4. They are additionally positive for nanog and Oct-4; two critical transcription factors directing self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, and they also express the cytokines EGF and IP-10. The presence of nanog, Oct-4, SSEA-1, and SSEA-4 suggests that PDL-MSCs are less differentiated than bone marrow-derived MSCs. Taken together, these data indicate the presence of immature MSCs in PDL and suggest that the frizzled-9/Wnt pathway plays an important role in regulating proliferation and differentiation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Trubiani
- Department of Oral Science, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Ikenaga N, Ohuchida K, Mizumoto K, Cui L, Kayashima T, Morimatsu K, Moriyama T, Nakata K, Fujita H, Tanaka M. CD10+ pancreatic stellate cells enhance the progression of pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:1041-51, 1051.e1-8. [PMID: 20685603 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) promote the progression of pancreatic cancer by producing extracellular matrix and soluble factors. However, the functional heterogeneity of PSCs has not been identified until now. Detailed characterization of the PSCs in human pancreatic cancer would provide a set of potential targets for stroma-directed therapy. METHODS We isolated PSCs from fresh pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue and sorted them by flow cytometry according to cell surface expression of CD10, which is a stromal prognostic marker for various tumors. We analyzed the functional differences between CD10(+) PSCs and CD10(-) PSCs. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the frequency of CD10 expression by PSCs was markedly higher in tumor tissue than in normal tissue (33.7% vs 0%, respectively, P = .028). In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, CD10 expression by PSCs was associated with positive nodal metastases (P = .011) and a shorter survival time (P < .001). In vitro coculture experiments showed that CD10(+) PSCs promoted the invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cell lines, SUIT-2 and Panc-1 cells more intensively than CD10(-) PSCs. CD10(+) PSCs significantly increased the tumor growth and invasiveness of SUIT-2 cells in a murine cotransplantation model. CD10(+) PSCs secreted higher levels of matrix metalloproteinase 3 than CD10(-) PSCs, and knockdown of matrix metalloproteinase 3 in cocultured PSCs reduced the invasion of SUIT-2 and Panc-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS CD10(+) PSCs enhance the progression of pancreatic cancer cells. CD10(+) PSCs may be a candidate for selective therapeutic targeting in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ikenaga
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kadam S, Muthyala S, Nair P, Bhonde R. Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells and islet-like cell clusters generated from these cells as a novel source for stem cell therapy in diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2010; 7:168-82. [PMID: 21060975 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2010.7.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental tissue holds great promise as a source of cells for regenerative medicine due to its plasticity, and easy availability. Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into insulin-producing cells. Upon transplantation, they can reverse experimental diabetes in mice. However, it is not known whether culture-expanded undifferentiated hPDMSCs are capable of restoring normoglycemia upon transplantation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Hence we prepared long-term cultures of hPDMSCs from the chorionic villi of full-term human placenta. Flow cytometry analyses and immunocytochemistry study revealed bonafide mesenchymal nature of the isolated hPDMSCs. These cultures could differentiate into adipogenic, oesteogenic, chondrogenic, and neuronal lineages on exposure to lineage-specific cocktails. Furthermore, we showed that hPDMSCs can form islet-like cell clusters (ILCs) on stepwise exposure to serum-free defined media containing specific growth factors and differentiating agents. qRT-PCR showed the expression of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin in undifferentiated hPDMSCs and in ILCs. Differentiated ILCs were found to express human insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin by immunocytochemistry. Additionally, ILCs also showed abundance of pancreatic transcription factors ngn3 and isl1. Both undifferentiated hPDMSCs and ILCs exihibited insulin secretion in response to glucose. Transplantation of hPDMSCs or ILCs derived from hPDMSCs in STZ-induced diabetic mice led to restoration of normoglycemia. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, reversal of hyperglycemia by undifferentiated hPDMSCs and ILCs derived from hPDMSCs. These results suggest human placenta-derived MSCs as an alternative source for cell replacement therapy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kadam
- National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, MS, India
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Guo C, Zhu H, Huang W, Li S, Qu W, Liu Y, Tan A. Side population cells in the human decidua of early pregnancy exhibit stem/progenitor cell-like characteristics. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 21:783-93. [PMID: 21051287 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
It is proposed that human decidua contains a population of stem cells that are responsible for the proliferation ability during the process of embryo implantation and placenta formation and that factors in the crosstalk between the decidua and chorion may mediate decidual stem cell differentiation. This study analysed the phenotype of side population (SP) cells and investigated the clonogenicity and differentiation ability of SP cells in human decidua of early pregnancy. Serum-free culture-conditioned media of human decidua and chorion were obtained from decidua and chorion explant culture. Decidual SP cells were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Different inducing media were added and the functional differentiation of decidual SP cells was examined. Decidual SP cells were negative for the mature decidual cell marker CD13 and prolactin and negative for CD34 and CD45 expression. Decidual SP cells formed clones after culture in colony-forming medium and they could form clones again. Differentiated cells expressing CD13 and prolactin were observed and stroma-like structures expressing CD13 were obtained. These results indicate that decidual SP cells are enriched for stem cell activity. Oestradiol, progesterone and factors in culture-conditioned media of human decidua and chorion induced their proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Guo
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Semenov OV, Koestenbauer S, Riegel M, Zech N, Zimmermann R, Zisch AH, Malek A. Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: critical parameters for isolation and maintenance of stemness after isolation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 202:193.e1-193.e13. [PMID: 20035913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.10.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to isolate and characterize multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from term human placenta (placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells, PD-MSCs). STUDY DESIGN Sequential enzymatic digestion was used to isolate PD-MSCs in which trypsin removes the trophoblast layer, followed by collagenase treatment of remaining placental tissue. Karyotype, phenotype, growth kinetics, and differentiability of PD-MSC isolates from collagenase digests were analyzed. RESULTS PD-MSC isolation was successful in 14 of 17 cases. Karyotyping of PD-MSC isolates from deliveries with a male fetus revealed that these cells are of maternal origin. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry confirmed the mesenchymal stem cell phenotype. Proliferation rates of PD-MSCs remained constantly high up to passage 20. These cells could be differentiated toward mesodermal lineage in vitro up to passage 20. Nonconfluent culture was critical to maintain the MSC stemness during long-term culture. CONCLUSION Term placenta constitutes a rich, very reliable source of maternal mesenchymal stem cells that remain differentiable, even at high passage numbers.
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Sun B, Roh KH, Park JR, Lee SR, Park SB, Jung JW, Kang SK, Lee YS, Kang KS. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in a mouse breast cancer metastasis model. Cytotherapy 2009; 11:289-98, 1 p following 298. [PMID: 19308770 DOI: 10.1080/14653240902807026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been studied intensively in regenerative medicine. However, their therapeutic potential against tumor formation and cancer metastasis is still unclear. The effects of transplantation of MSCs in early-stage of carcinogenesis, should be evaluated. METHODS MSC isolated from human umbilical cord blood (UCB) and adipose tissue (AD) were transplanted in a mouse cancer metastasis model. The effects of MSC on tumor growth and metastasis were analyzed. The effects of transplantation of MSC into the mouse model at very early stage carcinogenesis were also evaluated. RESULTS Human MSC reduced lung metastasis and inhibited the growth of human breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. In addition, transplantation of both UCB and AD MSC into a cancer model with no detectable clinical symptoms did not appear to promote tumor growth or metastasis. CONCLUSIONS We evaluated the effect of MSC derived from human UCB and AD tissue in a tumor model. Our findings may help to elucidate the interaction between cancer cells and MSC, as well as the application of MSC to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Zoonotic Disease Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Pappa KI, Anagnou NP. Novel sources of fetal stem cells: where do they fit on the developmental continuum? Regen Med 2009; 4:423-33. [PMID: 19438317 DOI: 10.2217/rme.09.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent isolation of fetal stem cells from several sources either at the early stages of development or during the later trimesters of gestation, sharing similar growth kinetics and expressing pluripotency markers, provides strong support to the notion that these cells may be biologically closer to embryonic stem cells, actually representing intermediates between embryonic stem cells and adult mesenchymal stem cells, regarding proliferation rates and plasticity features, and thus able to confer an advantage over postnatal mesenchymal stem cells derived from conventional adult sources such as bone marrow. This conclusion has been strengthened by the different pattern of growth potential between the two stage-specific types of sources, as assessed by transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. A series of recent studies regarding the numerous novel features of fetal stem cells has reignited our interest in the field of stem-cell biology and in the possibilities for the eventual repair of damaged organs and the generation of in vitro tissues on biomimetic scaffolds for transplantation. These studies, employing elegant approaches and novel technologies, have provided new insights regarding the nature and the potential of fetal stem cells derived from placenta, amniotic fluid, amnion or umbilical cord. In this update, we highlight the major progression that has occurred in fetal stem-cell biology and discuss the most important areas for future investigation in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi I Pappa
- First Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Greece.
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Ihnatovych I, Livak M, Reed J, de Lanerolle P, Strakova Z. Manipulating actin dynamics affects human in vitro decidualization. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:222-30. [PMID: 19339710 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.074666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of uterine stromal fibroblasts into decidual cells is critical for establishing pregnancy. This process, called decidualization, requires the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which mainly depends on actin dynamics and the phosphorylation status of the myosin light chain. We manipulated actin dynamics with jasplakinolide (100 nM) and latrunculin B (1 microM), both of which significantly inhibited the synthesis of decidualization markers induced by 6 days of treatment with embryo-mimicking stimulus interleukin 1beta (IL1B) and steroid hormones (SHs; 17beta-estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate) in the human uterine fibroblast (HuF) in vitro model. However, only jasplakinolide had long-lasting effects on the G-actin:F-actin ratio and prevented decidualization induced by the artificial stimulus cAMP (and SHs). Actin-binding protein cofilin mainly colocalized with G-actin in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm. Only some spots of colocalization between cofilin and F-actin were detected in the cytoplasm. Brief extraction of cytosolic proteins from living cells revealed that in cells treated with IL1B or cAMP (and SHs) for 6 days, cofilin was mainly detected in the nucleus. The translocation of cofilin from cytosol to nucleus was also detected in HuFs treated for 12 days with SHs, IL1B and SHs, and cAMP and SHs. The same significant translocation was confirmed in primary baboon stromal uterine fibroblasts. We conclude that changes in actin dynamics, particularly the stabilization of F-actin, have a significant negative impact on decidualization, and the translocation of cofilin to the nucleus is a key feature of this process in the primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Ihnatovych
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7313, USA
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Sotgia F, Del Galdo F, Casimiro MC, Bonuccelli G, Mercier I, Whitaker-Menezes D, Daumer KM, Zhou J, Wang C, Katiyar S, Xu H, Bosco E, Quong AA, Aronow B, Witkiewicz AK, Minetti C, Frank PG, Jimenez SA, Knudsen ES, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1-/- null mammary stromal fibroblasts share characteristics with human breast cancer-associated fibroblasts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:746-61. [PMID: 19234134 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that human breast cancer-associated fibroblasts show functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor and down-regulation of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) protein expression. However, it remains unknown whether loss of Cav-1 is sufficient to confer functional RB inactivation in mammary fibroblasts. To establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship, mammary stromal fibroblasts (MSFs) were prepared from Cav-1(-/-) null mice and subjected to phenotypic analysis. Here, we provide evidence that Cav-1(-/-) MSFs share many characteristics with human cancer-associated fibroblasts. The Cav-1(-/-) MSF transcriptome significantly overlaps with human cancer-associated fibroblasts; both show a nearly identical profile of RB/E2F-regulated genes that are up-regulated, which is consistent with RB inactivation. This Cav-1(-/-) MSF gene signature is predictive of poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Consistent with these findings, Cav-1(-/-) MSFs show RB hyperphosphorylation and the up-regulation of estrogen receptor co-activator genes. We also evaluated the paracrine effects of "conditioned media" prepared from Cav-1(-/-) MSFs on wild-type mammary epithelia. Our results indicate that Cav-1(-/-) MSF "conditioned media" is sufficient to induce an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, indicative of an invasive phenotype. Proteomic analysis of this "conditioned media" reveals increased levels of proliferative/angiogenic growth factors. Consistent with these findings, Cav-1(-/-) MSFs are able to undergo endothelial-like transdifferentiation. Thus, these results have important implications for understanding the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts and RB inactivation in promoting tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sotgia
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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