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Mounieb F, Abdel-Sattar SA, Balah A, Akool ES. P2 X 7 receptor is a critical regulator of extracellular ATP-induced profibrotic genes expression in rat kidney: implication of transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling pathway. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:421-430. [PMID: 37934321 PMCID: PMC11303607 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the potential of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) via the P2 X 7 receptor to activate the renal fibrotic processes in rats. The present study demonstrates that administration of ATP rapidly activated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) to induce phosphorylation of Smad-2/3. Renal connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) mRNA and protein expressions were also increased following ATP administration. A decrease in TGF-β amount in serum as well as renal Smad-2/3 phosphorylation was noticed in animals pre-treated with the specific antagonist of P2 X 7 receptor, A 438,079. In addition, a significant reduction in mRNA and protein expression of CTGF and TIMP-1were also observed in the kidneys of those animals. Collectively, the current findings demonstrate that ATP has the ability to augment TGF-β-mediated Smad-2/3 phosphorylation and enhance the expression of the pro-fibrotic genes, CTGF and TIMP-1, an effect that is largely mediated via P2 X 7 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Mounieb
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, 11751 El Nasr St, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaia A Abdel-Sattar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, 11751 El Nasr St, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Balah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, 11751 El Nasr St, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - El-Sayed Akool
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Liang Q, Liu X, Peng X, Luo T, Su Y, Xu X, Xie H, Gao H, Chen Z, Xie C. Salvianolic acid B in fibrosis treatment: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1442181. [PMID: 39139645 PMCID: PMC11319160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1442181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a public health issue of great concern characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, leading to the destruction of parenchymal tissue and organ dysfunction that places a heavy burden on the global healthcare system due to its high incidence, disability, and mortality. Salvianolic acid B (SalB) has positively affected various human diseases, including fibrosis. In this review, we concentrate on the anti-fibrotic effects of SalB from a molecular perspective while providing information on the safety, adverse effects, and drug interactions of SalB. Additionally, we discuss the innovative SalB formulations, which give some references for further investigation and therapeutic use of SalB's anti-fibrotic qualities. Even with the encouraging preclinical data, additional research is required before relevant clinical trials can be conducted. Therefore, we conclude with recommendations for future studies. It is hoped that this review will provide comprehensive new perspectives on future research and product development related to SalB treatment of fibrosis and promote the efficient development of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhi Liang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Su
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chunguang Xie
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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3
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Yang Y, Hu P, Zhang Q, Ma B, Chen J, Wang B, Ma J, Liu D, Hao J, Zhou X. Single-cell and genome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies causative genes for gout. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:114. [PMID: 38831441 PMCID: PMC11145851 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gout is a prevalent manifestation of metabolic osteoarthritis induced by elevated blood uric acid levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of gene expression regulation in gout disease and elucidate its pathogenesis. METHODS The study integrated gout genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq), expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), and methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTL) data for analysis, and utilized two-sample Mendelian randomization study to comprehend the causal relationship between proteins and gout. RESULTS We identified 17 association signals for gout at unique genetic loci, including four genes related by protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis: TRIM46, THBS3, MTX1, and KRTCAP2. Additionally, we discerned 22 methylation sites in relation to gout. The study also found that genes such as TRIM46, MAP3K11, KRTCAP2, and TM7SF2 could potentially elevate the risk of gout. Through a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we identified three proteins causally associated with gout: ADH1B, BMP1, and HIST1H3A. CONCLUSION According to our findings, gout is linked with the expression and function of particular genes and proteins. These genes and proteins have the potential to function as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for gout. These discoveries shed new light on the pathological mechanisms of gout and clear the way for future research on this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubiao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Qinnan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boyuan Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Bitao Wang
- Medical School Of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Derong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jian Hao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
| | - Xianhu Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
- Department of Orthopedic, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Yan Z, Shi Y, Yang R, Xue J, Fu C. ELABELA-derived peptide ELA13 attenuates kidney fibrosis by inhibiting the Smad and ERK signaling pathways. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:341-353. [PMID: 38584095 PMCID: PMC11009446 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is an inevitable result of various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) and significantly contributes to end-stage renal failure. Currently, there is no specific treatment available for renal fibrosis. ELA13 (amino acid sequence: RRCMPLHSRVPFP) is a conserved region of ELABELA in all vertebrates; however, its biological activity has been very little studied. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of ELA13 on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated NRK-52E cells and unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) mice. Our results demonstrated that ELA13 could improve renal function by reducing creatinine and urea nitrogen content in serum, and reduce the expression of fibrosis biomarkers confirmed by Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blot. Inflammation biomarkers were increased after UUO and decreased by administration of ELA13. Furthermore, we found that the levels of essential molecules in the mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways were reduced by ELA13 treatment in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, ELA13 protected against kidney fibrosis through inhibiting the Smad and ERK signaling pathways and could thus be a promising candidate for anti-renal fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Runling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jijun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Caiyun Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Rajabi S, Saberi S, Najafipour H, Askaripour M, Rajizadeh MA, Shahraki S, Kazeminia S. Interaction of estradiol and renin-angiotensin system with microRNAs-21 and -29 in renal fibrosis: focus on TGF-β/smad signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:137. [PMID: 38236310 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is one of the complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD (and contributes to end-stage renal disease which requires dialysis and kidney transplantation. Several signaling pathways such as renin-angiotensin system (RAS), microRNAs (miRNAs) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad have a prominent role in pathophysiology and progression of renal fibrosis. Activation of classical RAS, the elevation of angiotensin II (Ang II) production and overexpression of AT1R, develop renal fibrosis via TGF-β/Smad pathway. While the non-classical RAS arm, Ang 1-7/AT2R, MasR reveals an anti-fibrotic effect via antagonizing Ang II. This review focused on studies illustrating the interaction of RAS with sexual female hormone estradiol and miRNAs in the progression of renal fibrosis with more emphasis on the TGF-β signaling pathway. MiRNAs, especially miRNA-21 and miRNA-29 showed regulatory effects in renal fibrosis. Also, 17β-estradiol (E2) is a renoprotective hormone that improved renal fibrosis. Beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors and ARBs are reported in the prevention of renal fibrosis in patients. Future studies are also merited to delineate the new therapy strategies such as miRNAs targeting, combination therapy of E2 or HRT, ACEis, and ARBs with miRNAs mimics and antagomirs in CKD to provide a new therapeutic approach for kidney patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodeh Rajabi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shadan Saberi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Askaripour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sarieh Shahraki
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Sara Kazeminia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Song L, Zhang W, Tang SY, Luo SM, Xiong PY, Liu JY, Hu HC, Chen YQ, Jia B, Yan QH, Tang SQ, Huang W. Natural products in traditional Chinese medicine: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of renal fibrosis and state-of-the-art drug delivery systems. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116039. [PMID: 38157643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is the end stage of several chronic kidney diseases. Its series of changes include excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular cells, fibroblast activation, immune cell infiltration, and renal cell apoptosis. RF can eventually lead to renal dysfunction or even renal failure. A large body of evidence suggests that natural products in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) have great potential for treating RF. In this article, we first describe the recent advances in RF treatment by several natural products and clarify their mechanisms of action. They can ameliorate the RF disease phenotype, which includes apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and EMT, by affecting relevant signaling pathways and molecular targets, thereby delaying or reversing fibrosis. We also present the roles of nanodrug delivery systems, which have been explored to address the drawback of low oral bioavailability of natural products. This may provide new ideas for using natural products for RF treatment. Finally, we provide new insights into the clinical prospects of herbal natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shi-Yun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610032, China
| | - Si-Min Luo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Pei-Yu Xiong
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jun-Yu Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Heng-Chang Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ying-Qi Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Bo Jia
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qian-Hua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China.
| | - Song-Qi Tang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Chen Z, Gao L, Li C, Sun W. GDF15 Interference Regulates Proliferation, Inflammation, and Autophagy of Lipopolysaccharide-induced Mesangial Cells by Inhibiting PI3K/ AKT/mTOR Signaling. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1069-1080. [PMID: 37855350 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303252127230926002355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) is a primary glomerular disease. As a circulating protein, growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) participates in a variety of biological processes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the role of GDF15 in CGN. METHODS HBZY-1 cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell viability was detected using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and a western blot was applied for the detection of GDF15 protein expression. After GDF15 silencing, cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Autophagy was assessed by GFP-LC3B assay. Besides, the expression of NF-κB signaling-, autophagy- (LC3II/I, Beclin l and p62) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling-related proteins were measured by western blot. Afterwards, PI3K agonist 740Y-P was used to clarify whether GDF15 affected LPS-induced HBZY-1 cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. RESULTS LPS induction increased cell viability and elevated GDF15 expression in HBZY-1 cells. After GDF15 expression depletion, the increased proliferation of LPS-induced HBZY-1 cells was decreased. Additionally, GDF15 knockdown suppressed the release of inflammatory factors in LPS-induced HBZY-1 cells and activated autophagy. Moreover, the PI3K/AKT/ mTOR signal was evidenced to be activated by GDF15 deficiency. The further addition of 740Y-P reversed the impacts of GDF15 deficiency on the proliferation, inflammation, and autophagy of LPS-induced HBZY-1. CONCLUSION Collectively, GDF15 downregulation could protect against CGN via blocking PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shen Zhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518067, China
| | - Liping Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shen Zhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518067, China
| | - Cailing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shen Zhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518067, China
| | - Wenzhu Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shen Zhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, 518067, China
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Iqubal A, Najmi AK, Md S, Alkreathy HM, Ali J, Syed MA, Haque SE. Oral delivery of nerolidol alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced renal inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis via modulation of NF-κB/cleaved caspase-3/TGF-β signaling molecules. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2241661. [PMID: 37559381 PMCID: PMC10946274 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2241661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the most extensively used antineoplastic drug, but the nephrotoxicity caused by this drug is a major limiting factor for its use. Nerolidol (NERO) is a natural bioactive compound with diverse pharmacological actions. In Vitro and in vivo study was performed using HK-2 renal cells and Swiss Albino mice. Cell lines and animals were treated with NERO 25 and 50 µM + 30 µM CP (in vitro), 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o. NERO from day 1 to day 15 + 200 mg/kg, i.p. CP on day 17 as single intraperitoneal injection (in vivo). The makers of oxidative stress, renal-specific injury markers, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and histopathological changes were studied. The study's outcome showed a significant reduction in the level of malonaldehyde and interleukin-6 (p < 0.01), tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β (p < 0.001), and an increase in the superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and interleukin-10 level (p < 0.01), in the in vivo study when treated with NERO 400 and compared with CP 200. In Vitro study showed reduced expression of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells, cleaved caspase-3, kidney injury molecule-1 and transforming growth factor-β-1 (p < 0.001), when treated with NERO 50 µM whereas NERO 25 µM only reduced the level of cleaved caspase-3 (p < 0.05) when compared with 30 µM. NERO 400 also reduced uric acid (p < 0.05), urea (p < 0.01), blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine levels (p < 0.001) and increased the level of blood-urea-nitrogen/creatinine ratio (p < 0.001). Additionally, the level of fibrosis-specific markers such as transforming growth factor-β1, hyaluronic acid (p < 0.01), 4-hydroxyproline, a collagen-rich area in Masson's' trichome stain, and Smad3 expression was also significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the outcome of multiple renal staining showed structural reversal aberrations, reduction of the thick basement membrane, and glycogen level toward normal when treated with NERO 400. Thus, the study showed a novel mechanistic modality of NERO against cyclophosphamide-induced renal toxicity. The outcome of this study can be considered a step closer to the development of an adjuvant to mitigate cyclophosphamide-induced renal toxicity among patients treated with cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Mohammed Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
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Zhong J, Gou Y, Zhao P, Dong X, Guo M, Li A, Hao A, Luu HH, He TC, Reid RR, Fan J. Glycogen storage disease type I: Genetic etiology, clinical manifestations, and conventional and gene therapies. PEDIATRIC DISCOVERY 2023; 1:e3. [PMID: 38370424 PMCID: PMC10874634 DOI: 10.1002/pdi3.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of enzymes or proteins involved in glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, resulting in excessive intracellular glycogen accumulation. While GSDI is classified into four different subtypes based on molecular genetic variants, GSDIa accounts for approximately 80%. GSDIa and GSDIb are autosomal recessive disorders caused by deficiencies in glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase-α) and glucose-6-phosphate-transporter (G6PT), respectively. For the past 50 years, the care of patients with GSDI has been improved following elaborate dietary managements. GSDI patients currently receive dietary therapies that enable patients to improve hypoglycemia and alleviate early symptomatic signs of the disease. However, dietary therapies have many limitations with a risk of calcium, vitamin D, and iron deficiency and cannot prevent long-term complications, such as progressive liver and renal failure. With the deepening understanding of the pathogenesis of GSDI and the development of gene therapy technology, there is great progress in the treatment of GSDI. Here, we review the underlying molecular genetics and the current clinical management strategies of GSDI patients with an emphasis on promising experimental gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yannian Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangyu Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meichun Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aohua Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ailing Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Szostak J, Gorący A, Durys D, Dec P, Modrzejewski A, Pawlik A. The Role of MicroRNA in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076214. [PMID: 37047185 PMCID: PMC10094215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common and severe complications of diabetes mellitus, affecting one in every five patients suffering from diabetes. Despite extensive research, the exact pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is still unclear. Several factors and pathways are known to be involved in the development of the disease, such as reactive oxygen species or the activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. The expression of those proteins might be extensively regulated by microRNA. Recent research suggests that in diabetic nephropathy patients, the profile of miRNA is significantly changed. In this review, we focus on the actions of miRNA in various pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and the clinical usage of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Gorący
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Damian Durys
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paweł Dec
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, 109 Military Hospital, 71-422 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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11
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Atteia HH, Alamri ES, Sirag N, Zidan NS, Aljohani RH, Alzahrani S, Arafa MH, Mohammad NS, Asker ME, Zaitone SA, Sakr AT. Soluble guanylate cyclase agonist, isoliquiritigenin attenuates renal damage and aortic calcification in a rat model of chronic kidney failure. Life Sci 2023; 317:121460. [PMID: 36716925 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing fatal health problem worldwide associated with vascular calcification. Therapeutic approaches are limited with higher costs and poor outcomes. Adenine supplementation is one of the most relevant CKD models to human. Insufficient Nitric Oxide (NO)/ cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) signaling plays a key role in rapid development of renal fibrosis. Natural products display proven protection against CKD. Current study therefore explored isoliquiritigenin, a bioflavonoid extracted from licorice roots, potential as a natural activator for soluble Guanylate Cyclase (sGC) in a CKD rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS 60 male Wistar rats were grouped into Control group (n = 10) and the remaining rats received adenine (200 mg/kg, p.o) for 2 wk to induce CKD. They were equally sub-grouped into: Adenine untreated group and 4 groups orally treated by isoliquiritigenin low or high dose (20 or 40 mg/kg) with/without a selective sGC inhibitor, ODQ (1-H(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)-quinoxalin-1-one, 2 mg/kg, i.p) for 8 wk. KEY FINDINGS Long-term treatment with isoliquiritigenin dose-dependently and effectively amended adenine-induced chronic renal and endothelial dysfunction. It not only alleviated renal fibrosis and apoptosis markers but also aortic calcification. Additionally, this chalcone neutralized renal inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Isoliquiritigenin beneficial effects were associated with up-regulation of serum NO, renal and aortic sGC, cGMP and its dependent protein kinase (PKG). However, co-treatment with ODQ antagonized isoliquiritigenin therapeutic impact. SIGNIFICANCE Isoliquiritigenin seems to exert protective effects against CKD and vascular calcification by activating sGC, increasing cGMP and its downstream PKG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah Husseini Atteia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt.
| | - Eman Saad Alamri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nizar Sirag
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Salah Zidan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Specific Education, Kafr ElSheikh University, Kafr ElSheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Sharifa Alzahrani
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Hamed Arafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
| | - Nanies Sameeh Mohammad
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
| | - Mervat Elsayed Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Sharkia Gov., Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Tawfik Sakr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Menoufia, Egypt
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Zhu Y, Yan W, Xu S, Yu X, Sun S, Zhang S, Zhao R, Tao J, Li Y, Li C. Identification of an unrecognized circRNA associated with development of renal fibrosis. Front Genet 2023; 13:964840. [PMID: 36685959 PMCID: PMC9845265 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.964840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgroud: Renal fibrosis is the common characteristic of chronic kidney disease. Circular RNA plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of Renal fibrosis, but its regulative mechanism remains elusive. Methods: The animal and cell model of Renal fibrosis was established, and RNA-sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments were implemented. Subsequently, experiments for detecting apoptosis and proliferation of cell, were carried out, and the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification proteomics analyses were performed accordingly. Results: It was found that a newly discovered Circular RNA (circRNA_0002158), is highly expressed in kidneys or cells with fibrosis, implying that this Circular RNA might be associated with the occurrence and development of Renal fibrosis. Subsequently, the overexpression and knockdown of circRNA_0002158 were conducted in the human kidney epithelial cell line (HK-2) cells, and the results indicated that the circRNA_0002158 could inhibit apoptosis, and promote proliferation of cells. The kidney injury-related factors, including Fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were decreased in HK-2 cells with overexpression of circRNA_0002158, while the results were reversed in cells with knockdown of circRNA_0002158. Finally, to explore the regulative mechanism of circRNA_0002158, the iTRAQ proteomics analyses were implemented for the cell samples with OE of circRNA_0002158 and its control, it showed that multiple genes and functional pathways were associated with the occurrence and development of Renal fibrosis. Conclusion: CircRNA_0002158 is associated with regulating Renal fibrosis, and may contribute to ameliorating the progression of Renal fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, China
| | - Weimin Yan
- Department of Dermatology, The People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, China
| | - Shuangyan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, China
| | - Xiaochao Yu
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Ran Zhao
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiayue Tao
- Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunwei Li
- Department of Urology, The Third Hospital of Shandong Province, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Yunwei Li, ; Cuie Li,
| | - Cuie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, China,*Correspondence: Yunwei Li, ; Cuie Li,
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Ghaffari M, Razi S, Zalpoor H, Nabi-Afjadi M, Mohebichamkhorami F, Zali H. Association of MicroRNA-146a with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes and their Related Complications. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:2587104. [PMID: 36911496 PMCID: PMC10005876 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2587104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most medical investigations have found a reduced blood level of miR-146a in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, suggesting an important role for miR-146a (microRNA-146a) in the etiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its consequences. Furthermore, injection of miR-146a mimic has been confirmed to alleviate diabetes mellitus in diabetic animal models. In this line, deregulation of miR-146a expression has been linked to the progression of nephropathy, neuropathy, wound healing, olfactory dysfunction, cardiovascular disorders, and retinopathy in diabetic patients. In this review, besides a comprehensive review of the function of miR-146a in DM, we discussed new findings on type 1 (T1MD) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus, highlighting the discrepancies between clinical and preclinical investigations and elucidating the biological pathways regulated through miR-146a in DM-affected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Ghaffari
- Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran
| | - Sara Razi
- Vira Pioneers of Modern Science (VIPOMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy & Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education & Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehram, Iran
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Glucosidase inhibitor, Nimbidiol ameliorates renal fibrosis and dysfunction in type-1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21707. [PMID: 36522378 PMCID: PMC9755213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to renal fibrosis, progressive deterioration of renal function, and eventually to end stage renal disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to regulate synthesis and degradation of the ECM. Earlier, we demonstrated that imbalanced MMPs promote adverse ECM remodeling leading to renal fibrosis in type-1 diabetes. Moreover, elevated macrophage infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokines and epithelial‒mesenchymal transition (EMT) are known to contribute to the renal fibrosis. Various bioactive compounds derived from the medicinal plant, Azadirachta indica (neem) are shown to regulate inflammation and ECM proteins in different diseases. Nimbidiol is a neem-derived diterpenoid that is considered as a potential anti-diabetic compound due to its glucosidase inhibitory properties. We investigated whether Nimbidiol mitigates adverse ECM accumulation and renal fibrosis to improve kidney function in type-1 diabetes and the underlying mechanism. Wild-type (C57BL/6J) and type-1 diabetic (C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J) mice were treated either with saline or with Nimbidiol (0.40 mg kg-1 d-1) for eight weeks. Diabetic kidney showed increased accumulation of M1 macrophages, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and EMT. In addition, upregulated MMP-9 and MMP-13, excessive collagen deposition in the glomerular and tubulointerstitial regions, and degradation of vascular elastin resulted to renal fibrosis in the Akita mice. These pathological changes in the diabetic mice were associated with functional impairments that include elevated resistive index and reduced blood flow in the renal cortex, and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, p-P38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK were upregulated in diabetic kidney compared to WT mice. Treatment with Nimbidiol reversed the changes to alleviate inflammation, ECM accumulation and fibrosis and thus, improved renal function in Akita mice. Together, our results suggest that Nimbidiol attenuates inflammation and ECM accumulation and thereby, protects kidney from fibrosis and dysfunction possibly by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways in type-1 diabetes.
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Tjempakasari A, Suroto H, Santoso D. Osteoblastogenesis of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in chronic kidney disease patient with regular hemodialysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 84:104796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cai Y, Chen J, Liu J, Zhu K, Xu Z, Shen J, Wang D, Chu L. Identification of six hub genes and two key pathways in two rat renal fibrosis models based on bioinformatics and RNA-seq transcriptome analyses. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1035772. [PMID: 36438657 PMCID: PMC9682235 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1035772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is the common pathological manifestation and central treatment target of multiple chronic kidney diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying RF remain poorly understood, and exploration of RF-related hub targets and pathways is urgently needed. In this study, two classical RF rat models (adenine and UUO) were established and evaluated by HE, Masson and immunohistochemical staining. To clear molecular mechanisms of RF, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using RNA-Seq analysis, hub targets and pathways were screened by bioinformatics (functional enrichment analyses, PPI network, and co-expression analysis), the screening results were verified by qRT-PCR, and potential drugs of RF were predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking. The results illustrated that renal structures were severely damaged and fibrotic in adenine- and UUO-induced models, as evidenced by collagen deposition, enhanced expressions of biomarkers (TGF-β1 and α-SMA), reduction of E-cadherin biomarker, and severe renal function changes (significantly decreased UTP, CREA, Ccr, and ALB levels and increased UUN and BUN levels), etc. 1189 and 1253 RF-related DEGs were screened in the adenine and UUO models, respectively. Two key pathways (AGE-RAGE and NOD-like receptor) and their hub targets (Tgfb1, Col1a1, Nlrc4, Casp4, Trpm2, and Il18) were identified by PPI networks, co-expressed relationships, and qRT-PCR verification. Furthermore, various reported herbal ingredients (curcumin, resveratrol, honokiol, etc.) were considered as important drug candidates due to the strong binding affinity with these hub targets. Overall, this study mainly identified two key RF-related pathways (AGE-RAGE and NOD-like receptor), screened hub targets (Tgfb1, Col1a1, Nlrc4, Casp4, Trpm2, and Il18) that involved inflammation, ECM formation, myofibroblasts generation, and pyroptosis, etc., and provided referable drug candidates (curcumin, resveratrol, honokiol, etc.) in basic research and clinical treatment of RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingan Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Laboratory Animal Resources Center, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keyan Zhu
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Xu
- The First Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Shen
- The First Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dejun Wang
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisheng Chu
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Xie SS, Dong ZH, He Y, Chen ZW, Yang Q, Ma WX, Li C, Chen Y, Wang JN, Yu JT, Xu CH, Ni WJ, Hou R, Suo XG, Wen JG, Jin J, Li J, Liu MM, Meng XM. Cpd-0225 attenuates renal fibrosis via inhibiting ALK5. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115240. [PMID: 36070847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing public health concern, characterized by a reduced glomerular filtration rate and increased urinary albumin excretion. Renal fibrosis is an important pathological condition in patients with CKD. In this study, we evaluated the anti-fibrotic effect of Cpd-0225, a novel transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type I receptor (also known as ALK5) inhibitor, in vitro and in vivo, by comparing its effect with that of SB431542, a classic ALK5 inhibitor, which has not entered the clinical trial stage owing to multiple side effects. Our data showed that Cpd-0225 attenuated fibrotic response in TGF-β1-stimulated human kidney tubular epithelial cells and repeated hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated mouse tubular epithelial cells. We further confirmed that Cpd-0225 improved renal tubular injury and ameliorated collagen deposition in unilateral ureteral obstruction-, ischemia/reperfusion-, and aristolochic acid-induced mouse models of renal fibrosis. In addition, molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis showed that Cpd-0225 exerted a higher reno-protective effect than SB431542, by physically binding to the key amino acid residues, Lys232 and Lys335 of ALK5, thereby suppressing the phosphorylation of Smad3 and ERK1/2. Taken together, these findings suggest that Cpd-0225 administration attenuates renal fibrosis via ALK5-dependent mechanisms and displays a more effective therapeutic effect than SB431542. Thus, Cpd-0225 may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Shuai Xie
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ze-Hui Dong
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuan He
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zu-Wang Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wen-Xian Ma
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chao Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ju-Tao Yu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chuan-Hui Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wei-Jian Ni
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Guo Suo
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia-Gen Wen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ming-Ming Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Meng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Ahrabi B, Abbaszadeh HA, Piryaei A, Shekari F, Ahmady Roozbahany N, Rouhollahi M, Azam Sayahpour F, Ahrabi M, Azimi H, Moghadasali R. Autophagy-induced mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorated renal fibrosis in an in vitro model. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 13:359-372. [PMID: 37736337 PMCID: PMC10509741 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.24256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Chronic and progressive damage to the kidney by inflammatory processes, may lead to an increase in the extracellular matrix production, a condition known as renal fibrosis. The current study aims to evaluate if the extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from autophagic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) can reduce the inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in damaged kidney tissue. Methods Autophagy was induced in ADMSCs using 2µM concentration curcumin and was confirmed by evaluating LC3B, ATG7, and Beclin1 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot. An in vitro renal fibrotic model was established in HEK-293 cells exposed to H2O2 (0.8mM) for 24 and 72 hours. The fibrotic model was confirmed through evaluation of collagen I, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), E-cadherin, and vimentin genes expression using real-time PCR, collagen I protein by ELISA. After induction of fibrosis for 24 and 72 hours, the HEK cells were treated with NEVs (non-autophagy EVs) (50µM) or AEVs (autophagy EVs) (50µM) at 48, 96, and 124 hours, and then the samples were collected at 72 and 148 hours. Expression of collagen I, TGF-β1, E-cadherin, and vimentin Genes was evaluated via RT-PCR, and protein levels of IL1, TNF-α, IL4, IL10 using ELISA. Results Induction of autophagy using curcumin (2µM) for 24 hours significantly increased LC3B, Beclin1, and ATG7 in the ADMSCs. Upregulation in anti-fibrotic (E-cadherin) and anti-inflammatory (IL4, IL10) gene expression was significantly different in the fibrotic model treated by AEVs compared to NEVs. Also, the downregulation of fibrotic (TGF-β1, vimentin, collagen I) and pro-inflammatory (IL1, TNFα) gene expression was significantly different in AEVs compared with those treated by NEVs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that AEVs can be considered as a therapeutic modality for renal fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ahrabi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, school of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Laser Applications in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, school of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Laser Applications in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, school of medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahya Rouhollahi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Azam Sayahpour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ahrabi
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Azimi
- Department of English Language Teaching, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Das F, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Maity S, Kasinath BS, Choudhury GG. Oncoprotein DJ-1 interacts with mTOR complexes to effect transcription factor Hif1α-dependent expression of collagen I (α2) during renal fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102246. [PMID: 35835217 PMCID: PMC9399488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubular epithelial cells respond to transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) to synthesize collagen I (α2) during renal fibrosis. The oncoprotein DJ-1 has previously been shown to promote tumorigenesis and prevent apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons; however, its role in fibrosis signaling is unclear. Here, we show TGFβ-stimulation increased expression of DJ-1, which promoted noncanonical mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities. We show DJ-1 augmented the phosphorylation/activation of PKCβII, a direct substrate of mTORC2. In addition, coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed association of DJ-1 with Raptor and Rictor, exclusive subunits of mTORC1 and mTORC2, respectively, as well as with mTOR kinase. Interestingly, siRNAs against DJ-1 blocked TGFβ-stimulated expression of collagen I (α2), while expression of DJ-1 increased expression of this protein. In addition, expression of dominant negative PKCβII and siRNAs against PKCβII significantly inhibited TGFβ-induced collagen I (α2) expression. In fact, constitutively active PKCβII abrogated the effect of siRNAs against DJ-1, suggesting a role of PKCβII downstream of this oncoprotein. Moreover, we demonstrate expression of collagen I (α2) stimulated by DJ-1 and its target PKCβII is dependent on the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif1α). Finally, we show in the renal cortex of diabetic rats that increased TGFβ was associated with enhanced expression of DJ-1 and activation of mTOR and PKCβII, concomitant with increased Hif1α and collagen I (α2). Overall, we identified that DJ-1 affects TGFβ-induced expression of collagen I (α2) via an mTOR-, PKCβII-, and Hif1α-dependent mechanism to regulate renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Das
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Soumya Maity
- Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- VA Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, Texas; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas.
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20
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Tang PCT, Zhang YY, Li JSF, Chan MKK, Chen J, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Leung KT, To KF, Tang SCW, Lan HY, Tang PMK. LncRNA-Dependent Mechanisms of Transforming Growth Factor-β: From Tissue Fibrosis to Cancer Progression. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8030036. [PMID: 35736633 PMCID: PMC9227532 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a crucial pathogenic mediator of inflammatory diseases. In tissue fibrosis, TGF-β regulates the pathogenic activity of infiltrated immunocytes and promotes extracellular matrix production via de novo myofibroblast generation and kidney cell activation. In cancer, TGF-β promotes cancer invasion and metastasis by enhancing the stemness and epithelial mesenchymal transition of cancer cells. However, TGF-β is highly pleiotropic in both tissue fibrosis and cancers, and thus, direct targeting of TGF-β may also block its protective anti-inflammatory and tumor-suppressive effects, resulting in undesirable outcomes. Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in TGF-β-driven tissue fibrosis and cancer progression with a high cell-type and disease specificity, serving as an ideal target for therapeutic development. In this review, the mechanism and translational potential of TGF-β-associated lncRNAs in tissue fibrosis and cancer will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chiu-Tsun Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (P.C.-T.T.); (J.S.-F.L.); (M.K.-K.C.); (K.-F.T.)
| | - Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China;
| | - Jane Siu-Fan Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (P.C.-T.T.); (J.S.-F.L.); (M.K.-K.C.); (K.-F.T.)
| | - Max Kam-Kwan Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (P.C.-T.T.); (J.S.-F.L.); (M.K.-K.C.); (K.-F.T.)
| | - Jiaoyi Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.C.); (S.C.-W.T.)
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China;
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (P.C.-T.T.); (J.S.-F.L.); (M.K.-K.C.); (K.-F.T.)
| | - Sydney Chi-Wai Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (J.C.); (S.C.-W.T.)
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (P.C.-T.T.); (J.S.-F.L.); (M.K.-K.C.); (K.-F.T.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Yang HH, Su SH, Ho CH, Yeh AH, Lin YJ, Yu MJ. Glucocorticoid Receptor Maintains Vasopressin Responses in Kidney Collecting Duct Cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:816959. [PMID: 35685285 PMCID: PMC9173664 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.816959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water permeability of the kidney collecting ducts is regulated in part by the amount of the molecular water channel protein aquaporin-2 (AQP2), whose expression, in turn, is regulated by the pituitary peptide hormone vasopressin. We previously showed that stable glucocorticoid receptor knockdown diminished the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression in the collecting duct cell model mpkCCD. Here, we investigated the pathways regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor by comparing transcriptomes of the mpkCCD cells with or without stable glucocorticoid receptor knockdown. Glucocorticoid receptor knockdown downregulated 5,394 transcripts associated with 55 KEGG pathways including "vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption," indicative of positive regulatory roles of these pathways in the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the downregulation of the vasopressin V2 receptor transcript upon glucocorticoid receptor knockdown. Glucocorticoid receptor knockdown upregulated 3,785 transcripts associated with 42 KEGG pathways including the "TNF signaling pathway" and "TGFβ signaling pathway," suggesting the negative regulatory roles of these pathways in the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the upregulation of TNF and TGFβ receptor transcripts upon glucocorticoid receptor knockdown. TNF or TGFβ inhibitor alone, in the absence of vasopressin, did not induce Aqp2 gene transcription. However, TNF or TGFβ blunted the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression. In particular, TGFβ reduced vasopressin-induced increases in Akt phosphorylation without inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or interfering with vasopressin-induced apical AQP2 trafficking. In summary, our RNA-seq transcriptomic comparison revealed positive and negative regulatory pathways maintained by the glucocorticoid receptor for the vasopressin-induced Aqp2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ming-Jiun Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Behl T, Gupta A, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Garg M, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. Exploring the multifaceted role of TGF-β signaling in diabetic complications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:35643-35656. [PMID: 35247177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most comprehensive metabolic disorders and is spread across the globe. The data from IDF Diabetes Atlas and National Diabetes Statistics mentions that the number of patients with diabetes is increasing at an exponential rate which is challenging the current therapeutics used for the management of diabetes. However, current therapies used for the treatment may provide symptomatic relief but lack in preventing the progression of the disease and thereby limiting the treatment of diabetes-associated complications. A thorough review and analysis were conducted using various databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar to extract the available information on challenges faced by current therapies which have triggered the development of novel molecules or drugs. From the analysis, it was analyzed that transforming growth factor βs (TGF-βs) have been shown to exhibit pleiotropic activity and are responsible for maintaining homeostasis and its overexpression is convoluted in the pathogenesis of various disorders. Therefore, developing drugs that block TGF-β signaling may provide therapeutic benefits. This extensive review concluded that drugs targeting TGF-β signaling pathway and its subsequent blockade have shown promising results and hold the potential to become drugs of choice in the management of diabetes and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Amit Gupta
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Madhukar Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Adjunct Professor, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Haryana, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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23
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Yan M, Liu S, Zhang M, Lai L, Xie Q, Hao CM. Mesangial Cell-Derived Tenascin-C Contributes to Mesangial Cell Proliferation and Matrix Protein Production in IgA Nephropathy. Nephrology (Carlton) 2022; 27:458-466. [PMID: 35213087 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tenascin-C (TNC), a non-structural extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is transiently expressed during development or after injury, playing an important role in injury and repair process. The potential role of TNC in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remains to be clarified. METHODS Immunohistochemistry staining for TNC was conducted on paraffin-embedded slices from renal biopsies of 107 IgAN patients, and correlation analysis was made between mesangial TNC expression and clinic-pathological parameters. In situ hybridization for TNC mRNA was further performed to figure out the cells that express TNC within glomeruli. In vitro experiments were also carried out on mouse mesangial cells (SV40 MES13) to elucidate the effect of TNC on mesangial cells. RESULTS TNC was expressed in the mesangial area of IgAN, as well as in fibrotic regions. Correlation analysis showed that higher mesangial TNC was associated with higher level of proteinuria, lower eGFR and more serious pathological lesions (MEST score). In situ hybridization revealed that abundant TNC mRNA expression was observed in the affected glomeruli of IgAN, but not in minimal change disease (MCD). Moreover, TNC mRNA co-localized with PDGFRβ mRNA, but not with PODXL mRNA, suggesting that TNC mRNA was expressed in the mesangial cells within glomeruli in IgAN. In vitro experiments showed that exogenous TNC promoted matrix protein production and mesangial cell proliferation, which was attenuated by an EGFR inhibitor. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that mesangial cell-derived TNC contributes to mesangial matrix expansion and mesangial cell proliferation, which is a potential therapeutic target in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Yan
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (middle), Shanghai, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (middle), Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (middle), Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyun Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (middle), Shanghai, China
| | - Qionghong Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (middle), Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Ming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road (middle), Shanghai, China
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24
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Cardamomin protects from diabetes-induced kidney damage through modulating PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108610. [PMID: 35219163 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus, which seriously affects the life quality and health of patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of cardamonin (CAD) in diabetes-induced kidney damage in rats. METHODS The normal rat kidney tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were pre-treated with different doses of CAD and then stimulated with methylglyoxal (MGO). Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes rat model were received different doses of CAD treatment. MTT, EdU, Transwell, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell viability, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of apoptosis related proteins, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), receptor for AGEs (RAGE), epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway related proteins, and janus kinas/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) related proteins. ELISA assay was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected using commercial kit. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess pathological changes in rat kidney. RESULTS Compared with control group, MGO reduced cell viability and proliferation, enhanced migration and apoptosis of NRK-52E cells, while CAD inhibited these effects induced by MGO in NRK-52E cells. Moreover, CAD increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in MGO-treated NRK-52E cells. Compared with control group, MGO increased the AGEs formation, the expression of RAGE and p-p65, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MDA in NRK-52E cells and reduced the levels of GSH and SOD, while treatment of CAD dose-dependently prevented these results. In addition, CAD attenuated MGO-induced EMT of MGO-treated NRK-52E cells. Mechanically, we identified that CAD repressed PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT3 signaling in NRK-52E cells. Importantly, the kidney injury of diabetes rats was attenuated by CAD. Besides, STZ-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, JAK2, and STAT3 were reduced by CAD in the rats. CONCLUSION CAD protects from diabetes-induced kidney damage through modulating PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in rats.
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25
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New evidence of direct oral anticoagulation therapy on cardiac valve calcifications, renal preservation and inflammatory modulation. Int J Cardiol 2021; 345:90-97. [PMID: 34688719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rivaroxaban is a direct inhibitor of activated Factor X (FXa), an anti-inflammatory protein exerting a protective effect on the cardiac valve and vascular endothelium. We compare the effect of Warfarin and Rivaroxaban on inflammation biomarkers and their contribution to heart valve calcification progression and renal preservation in a population of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3b - 4. METHODS This was an observational, multicenter, prospective study enrolling 347 consecutive CKD stage 3b - 4 patients newly diagnosed with AF: 247 were treated with Rivaroxaban and 100 with Warfarin. Every 12 months, we measured creatinine levels and cardiac valve calcification via standard trans-thoracic echocardiogram, while plasma levels of inflammatory mediators were quantified by ELISA at baseline and after 24 months. RESULTS Over a follow-up of 24 months, long-term treatment with Rivaroxaban was associated with a significative reduction of cytokines. Patients treated with Rivaroxaban experienced a more frequent stabilization/regression of valve calcifications comparing with patients treated with Warfarin. Rivaroxaban use was related with an improvement in kidney function in 87.4% of patients, while in those treated with Warfarin was reported a worsening of renal clearance in 98% of cases. Patients taking Rivaroxaban experienced lower adverse events (3.2% vs 49%, p-value <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Rivaroxaban compared to Warfarin is associated with lower levels of serum markers of inflammation. The inhibition of FXa may exert an anti-inflammatory effect contributing to reduce the risk of cardiac valve calcification progression and worsening of renal function.
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26
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Yang Y, Shi K, Patel DM, Liu F, Wu T, Chai Z. How to inhibit transforming growth factor beta safely in diabetic kidney disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2021; 30:115-122. [PMID: 33229911 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetes. This review aims to discuss the major features of DKD, to identify the difficult barrier encountered in developing a therapeutic strategy and to provide a potentially superior novel approach to retard DKD. RECENT FINDINGS Renal inflammation and fibrosis are prominent features of DKD. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) with its activity enhanced in DKD plays a key pathological profibrotic role in promoting renal fibrosis. However, TGFβ is a difficult drug target because it has multiple important physiological functions, such as immunomodulation. These physiological functions of TGFβ can be interrupted as a result of complete blockade of the TGFβ pathway if TGFβ is directly targeted, leading to catastrophic side-effects, such as fulminant inflammation. Cell division autoantigen 1 (CDA1) is recently identified as an enhancer of profibrotic TGFβ signaling and inhibitor of anti-inflammatory SIRT1. Renal CDA1 expression is elevated in human DKD as well as in rodent models of DKD. Targeting CDA1, by either genetic approach or pharmacological approach in mice, leads to concurrent attenuation of renal fibrosis and inflammation without any deleterious effects observed. SUMMARY Targeting CDA1, instead of directly targeting TGFβ, represents a superior approach to retard DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Yang
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Zunyi maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Zunyi
| | - Kexin Shi
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Devang M Patel
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tieqiao Wu
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhonglin Chai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Carlisle RE, Mohammed-Ali Z, Lu C, Yousof T, Tat V, Nademi S, MacDonald ME, Austin RC, Dickhout JG. TDAG51 induces renal interstitial fibrosis through modulation of TGF-β receptor 1 in chronic kidney disease. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:921. [PMID: 34625532 PMCID: PMC8501078 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the gradual loss of renal function and is a major public health concern. Risk factors for CKD include hypertension and proteinuria, both of which are associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress-induced TDAG51 protein expression is increased at an early time point in mice with CKD. Based on these findings, wild-type and TDAG51 knock-out (TDKO) mice were used in an angiotensin II/deoxycorticosterone acetate/salt model of CKD. Both wild-type and TDKO mice developed hypertension, increased proteinuria and albuminuria, glomerular injury, and tubular damage. However, TDKO mice were protected from apoptosis and renal interstitial fibrosis. Human proximal tubular cells were used to demonstrate that TDAG51 expression induces apoptosis through a CHOP-dependent mechanism. Further, a mouse model of intrinsic acute kidney injury demonstrated that CHOP is required for ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Renal fibroblasts were used to demonstrate that TGF-β induces collagen production through an IRE1-dependent mechanism; cells treated with a TGF-β receptor 1 inhibitor prevented XBP1 splicing, a downstream consequence of IRE1 activation. Interestingly, TDKO mice express significantly less TGF-β receptor 1, thus, preventing TGF-β-mediated XBP1 splicing. In conclusion, TDAG51 induces apoptosis in the kidney through a CHOP-dependent mechanism, while contributing to renal interstitial fibrosis through a TGF-β-IRE1-XBP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Carlisle
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Zahraa Mohammed-Ali
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Chao Lu
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Tamana Yousof
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Victor Tat
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Samera Nademi
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jeffrey G Dickhout
- McMaster University and The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hamilton, Canada.
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28
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Videira RF, Koop AMC, Ottaviani L, Poels EM, Kocken JMM, Dos Remedios C, Mendes-Ferreira P, Van De Kolk KW, Du Marchie Sarvaas GJ, Lourenço A, Llucià-Valldeperas A, Nascimento DS, de Windt LJ, De Man FS, Falcão-Pires I, Berger RMF, da Costa Martins P. The adult heart requires baseline expression of the transcription factor Hand2 to withstand RV pressure overload. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2688-2702. [PMID: 34550326 PMCID: PMC9491876 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Research on the pathophysiology of right ventricular (RV) failure has, in spite of the associated high mortality and morbidity, lagged behind compared to the left ventricle (LV).Previous work from our lab revealed that the embryonic basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor heart and neural crest derivatives expressed-2 (Hand2) is re-expressed in the adult heart and activates a 'fetal gene program' contributing to pathological cardiac remodeling under conditions of LV pressure overload. As such, ablation of cardiac expression of Hand2 conferred protection to cardiac stress and abrogated the maladaptive effects that were observed upon increased expression levels. In this study, we aimed to understand the contribution of Hand2 to RV remodeling in response to pressure overload induced by pulmonary artery banding (PAB). METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, Hand2F/F and MCM- Hand2F/F mice were treated with tamoxifen (control and knockout, respectively) and subjected to six weeks of RV pressure overload induced by PAB. Echocardiographic- and MRI-derived hemodynamic parameters as well as molecular remodeling were assessed for all experimental groups and compared to sham-operated controls. Six weeks after PAB, levels of Hand2 expression increased in the control banded animals but, as expected, remained absent in the knockout hearts. Despite the dramatic differences in Hand2 expression, pressure overload resulted in impaired cardiac function independently of the genotype. In fact, Hand2 depletion seems to sensitize the RV to pressure overload as these mice develop more hypertrophy and more severe cardiac dysfunction. Higher expression levels of HAND2 were also observed in RV samples of human hearts from patients with pulmonary hypertension. In turn, the LV of RV-pressure overloaded hearts was also dramatically affected as reflected by changes in shape, decreased LV mass and impaired cardiac function. RNA sequencing revealed a distinct set of genes that are dysregulated in the pressure-overloaded RV, compared to the previously described pressure-overloaded LV. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac-specific depletion of Hand2 is associated with severe cardiac dysfunction in conditions of RV pressure overload. While inhibiting Hand2 expression can prevent cardiac dysfunction in conditions of LV pressure overload, the same does not hold true for conditions of RV pressure overload. This study highlights the need to better understand the molecular mechanisms driving pathological remodeling of the RV in contrast to the LV, in order to better diagnose and treat patients with RV or LV failure. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE RV failure associated with pulmonary hypertension reduces long-term survival rate to 55% within 3 years, suggesting that 3 years after diagnosis almost half of the patients will die. To revert these numbers an adequate RV-specific and, therefore, more efficient treatment is needed. Our work suggests that current therapies and potential mechanisms underlying LV failure may not be suitable for RV failure. While Hand2 deletion is favorable in LV response to stress, it is particularly detrimental in the RV under similar conditions, and thus, highlighting potential severe consequences of not differentiating therapeutic targets or treatment for RV or LV failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Videira
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portuga
| | - A M C Koop
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - L Ottaviani
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E M Poels
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - J M M Kocken
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Dos Remedios
- University of Sidney, Sidney, and Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - P Mendes-Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portuga
| | - K W Van De Kolk
- University Medical Center Groningen, The Central Animal Facility, Groningen, Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, Gronsai (Groningen Small Animal Imaging Facility), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - G J Du Marchie Sarvaas
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - A Lourenço
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portuga
| | - A Llucià-Valldeperas
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, PHEniX laboratory, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D S Nascimento
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L J de Windt
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F S De Man
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, PHEniX laboratory, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Falcão-Pires
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portuga
| | - R M F Berger
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paula da Costa Martins
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portuga
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Sobreiro‐Almeida R, Quinteira R, Neves NM. Renal Regeneration: The Role of Extracellular Matrix and Current ECM-Based Tissue Engineered Strategies. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100160. [PMID: 34137210 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural extracellular matrices (ECM) are currently being studied as an alternative source for organ transplantation or as new solutions to treat kidney injuries, which can evolve to end-stage renal disease, a life devastating condition. This paper provides an overview on the current knowledge in kidney ECM and its usefulness on future investigations. The composition and structure of kidney ECM is herein associated with its intrinsic capacity of remodeling and repair after insult. Moreover, it provides a deeper insight on altered ECM components during disease. The use of decellularized kidney matrices is discussed in the second part of the review, with emphasis on how these matrices contribute to tissue-specific differentiation of embryonic, pluripotent, and other stem cells. The evolution on the field toward different uses of xenogeneic ECM as a biological scaffold material is discussed, namely the major outcomes on whole kidney recellularization and its in vivo implantation. At last, the recent literature on the use of processed kidney decellularized ECM to produce diverse biomaterial substrates, such as hydrogels, membranes, and bioinks are reviewed, with emphasis on future perspectives of its translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sobreiro‐Almeida
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rita Quinteira
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Neves
- 3B's Research Group I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics University of Minho Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco Guimarães 4805‐017 Portugal
- ICVS/3B's–PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimarães Portugal
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30
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Yang M, Liu JW, Zhang YT, Wu G. The Role of Renal Macrophage, AIM, and TGF-β1 Expression in Renal Fibrosis Progression in IgAN Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646650. [PMID: 34194427 PMCID: PMC8236720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the expression of macrophages, AIM, TGF-β1 in the kidney of IgAN patients, and to explore the role of macrophages, AIM, TGF-β1 in the progression of renal fibrosis in IgAN patients. Methods The paraffin specimens of renal tissue from 40 IgAN patients were selected as the observation group. At the same time, paraffin specimens of normal renal tissue from 11 patients treated by nephrectomy were selected as the normal control group. We observed the distribution of macrophages, the expression of AIM and TGF-β1 by immunohistochemical staining and/or immunofluorescence. Result The number of M0, M1, M2 macrophages could be found increased in IgAN patients. M0 macrophages are mainly polarized towards M2 macrophages. The expression of AIM and TGF-β1 were significantly higher in IgAN patients than in NC. M2 macrophage, AIM and TGF-β1 were positively correlated with serum creatinine and 24-hour proteinuria, but negatively correlated with eGFR. M2 macrophages, AIM, TGF-β1 were positively correlated with fibrotic area. Conclusion M2 macrophages, AIM and TGF-β1 play important roles in the process of IgAN fibrosis, and the three influence each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Renal Division of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medicine College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jia Wei Liu
- Renal Division of Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Ting Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit of The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Renal Division of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Clinical Medicine College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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31
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Liu Y, Su YY, Yang Q, Zhou T. Stem cells in the treatment of renal fibrosis: a review of preclinical and clinical studies of renal fibrosis pathogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:333. [PMID: 34112221 PMCID: PMC8194041 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis commonly leads to glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis and the main pathological basis involves tubular atrophy and the abnormal increase and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Renal fibrosis can progress to chronic kidney disease. Stem cells have multilineage differentiation potential under appropriate conditions and are easy to obtain. At present, there have been some studies showing that stem cells can alleviate the accumulation of ECM and renal fibrosis. However, the sources of stem cells and the types of renal fibrosis or renal fibrosis models used in these studies have differed. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis (including signaling pathways) of renal fibrosis, and the effect of stem cell therapy on renal fibrosis as described in preclinical and clinical studies. We found that stem cells from various sources have certain effects on improving renal function and alleviating renal fibrosis. However, additional clinical studies should be conducted to confirm this conclusion in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yan-Yan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041, China.
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32
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Shrestha P, Adepu S, Vivès RR, Masri RE, Klooster A, Kaptein F, Dam W, Bakker SJL, van Goor H, van de Sluis B, van den Born J. Hypercholesterolemia in Progressive Renal Failure Is Associated with Changes in Hepatic Heparan Sulfate - PCSK9 Interaction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1371-1388. [PMID: 33758009 PMCID: PMC8259657 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor in CKD. The liver clears triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) via LDL receptor (LDLR), LDLR-related protein-1 (LRP-1), and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), mostly syndecan-1. HSPGs also facilitate LDLR degradation by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Progressive renal failure affects the structure and activity of hepatic lipoprotein receptors, PCSK9, and plasma cholesterol. METHODS Uninephrectomy- and aging-induced CKD in normotensive Wistar rats and hypertensive Munich-Wistar-Frömter (MWF) rats. RESULTS Compared with 22-week-old sex- and strain-matched rats, 48-week-old uninephrectomized Wistar-CKD and MWF-CKD rats showed proteinuria, increased plasma creatinine, and hypercholesterolemia (all P<0.05), which were most apparent in hypertensive MWF-CKD rats. Hepatic PCSK9 expression increased in both CKD groups (P<0.05), with unusual sinusoidal localization, which was not seen in 22-week-old rats. Heparan sulfate (HS) disaccharide analysis, staining with anti-HS mAbs, and mRNA expression of HS polymerase exostosin-1 (Ext-1), revealed elongated HS chains in both CKD groups. Solid-phase competition assays showed that the PCSK9 interaction with heparin-albumin (HS-proteoglycan analogue) was critically dependent on polysaccharide chain length. VLDL binding to HS from CKD livers was reduced (P<0.05). Proteinuria and plasma creatinine strongly associated with plasma cholesterol, PCSK9, and HS changes. CONCLUSIONS Progressive CKD induces hepatic HS elongation, leading to increased interaction with PCSK9. This might reduce hepatic lipoprotein uptake and thereby induce dyslipidemia in CKD. Therefore, PCSK9/HS may be a novel target to control dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyi Shrestha
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saritha Adepu
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romain R. Vivès
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Institute of Structural Biology, Grenoble, France
| | - Rana El Masri
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Institute of Structural Biology, Grenoble, France
| | - Astrid Klooster
- Department of Pathology, Pathology Friesland, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur Kaptein
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Dam
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Dissecting the Involvement of Ras GTPases in Kidney Fibrosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060800. [PMID: 34073961 PMCID: PMC8225075 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many different regulatory mechanisms of renal fibrosis are known to date, and those related to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced signaling have been studied in greater depth. However, in recent years, other signaling pathways have been identified, which contribute to the regulation of these pathological processes. Several studies by our team and others have revealed the involvement of small Ras GTPases in the regulation of the cellular processes that occur in renal fibrosis, such as the activation and proliferation of myofibroblasts or the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Intracellular signaling mediated by TGF-β1 and Ras GTPases are closely related, and this interaction also occurs during the development of renal fibrosis. In this review, we update the available in vitro and in vivo knowledge on the role of Ras and its main effectors, such as Erk and Akt, in the cellular mechanisms that occur during the regulation of kidney fibrosis (ECM synthesis, accumulation and activation of myofibroblasts, apoptosis and survival of tubular epithelial cells), as well as the therapeutic strategies for targeting the Ras pathway to intervene on the development of renal fibrosis.
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34
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Gu YY, Dou JY, Huang XR, Liu XS, Lan HY. Transforming Growth Factor-β and Long Non-coding RNA in Renal Inflammation and Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684236. [PMID: 34054586 PMCID: PMC8155637 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is one of the most characterized pathological features in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Progressive fibrosis eventually leads to renal failure, leaving dialysis or allograft transplantation the only clinical option for CKD patients. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is the key mediator in renal fibrosis and is an essential regulator for renal inflammation. Therefore, the general blockade of the pro-fibrotic TGF-β may reduce fibrosis but may risk promoting renal inflammation and other side effects due to the diverse role of TGF-β in kidney diseases. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts with more than 200 nucleotides and have been regarded as promising therapeutic targets for many diseases. This review focuses on the importance of TGF-β and lncRNAs in renal inflammation, fibrogenesis, and the potential applications of TGF-β and lncRNAs as the therapeutic targets and biomarkers in renal fibrosis and CKD are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yu Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Yun Dou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Weihai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weihai, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunity and Genetics of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Immunity and Genetics of Chronic Kidney Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Wu F, Zhao Y, Shao Q, Fang K, Dong R, Jiang S, Lu F, Luo J, Chen G. Ameliorative Effects of Osthole on Experimental Renal Fibrosis in vivo and in vitro by Inhibiting IL-11/ERK1/2 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:646331. [PMID: 34054526 PMCID: PMC8155534 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.646331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Natural product, osthole, has been proven to have a protective effect on organ fibrosis, including renal fibrosis. All of these studies are mainly focused on the regulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. However, due to the pleiotropic roles of TGF-β/Smad signaling, direct TGF-β-targeted treatments are unlikely to be therapeutically feasible in clinic. Recently, the downstream IL-11/ERK1/2 signaling of TGF-β has become an attractive therapeutic target without upstream disadvantages. Based on that, this study was designed to identify the potential effects of osthole on IL-11/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in renal fibrosis. Methods: The renal fibrosis model was established in vivo and in vitro, we investigated the effects of osthole on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis and TGF-β-induced HK-2 cells. After preliminarily confirming the antifibrogenic effects of osthole and the link between its antifibrogenic effects and the inhibition of IL-11/ERK1/2 signaling, we applied a direct IL-11-induced HK-2 cells fibrosis model to further explore the inhibitory effects of osthole on IL-11/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Results: Our results confirmed that osthole can decrease the secretion of fibrosis proteins, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and fibronectin, ameliorate experimental renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro, and the effect was associated with suppressing TGF-β1/Smad signaling. More importantly, we found that IL-11/ERK1/2 signaling in UUO-induced renal fibrosis and TGF-β-induced HK-2 cell model was obviously upregulated, and osthole treatment also significantly inhibited the abnormal IL-11/ERK1/2 signaling activation. Given the direct link between TGF-β/Smad signaling and IL-11/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, we have verified that osthole has a direct inhibitory effect on IL-11/ERK1/2 signaling independent of TGF-β signaling by using an IL-11-induced HK-2 cells fibrosis model. Osthole treatment decreased the protein expression of α-SMA, collagen I and fibronectin without changing their mRNA levels in IL-11-induced HK-2 cells. Moreover, it was observed that the IL-11/ERK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, partly blocked the antifibrogenic effects of osthole. Conclusion: In this study, we found that osthole has a previously unrecognized role in inhibiting IL-11/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Our work demonstrated that the antifibrogenic effect of osthole is not only mediated by TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling, but also directly mediated by IL-11/ERK1/2 signaling pathway independent of TGF-β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingqing Shao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruolan Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujun Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Luo
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wang WJ, Chen XM, Cai GY. Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype: Potential therapeutic targets for renal fibrosis. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111403. [PMID: 33984448 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis plays a crucial role in the progression of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. However, because the aetiology of this pathological process is complex and remains unclear, there is still no effective treatment. Cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) have been reported to lead to renal fibrosis. This review first discusses the relationships among cellular senescence, the SASP and renal fibrosis. Then, the key role of the SASP in irreversible renal fibrosis, including fibroblast activation and abnormal extracellular matrix accumulation, is discussed, with the results of studies having indicated that inhibiting cellular senescence and the SASP might be a potential preventive and therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis. Finally, we summarize promising therapeutic strategies revealed by existing research on senescent cells and the SASP, including emerging interventions targeting the SASP, caloric restriction and mimetics, and novel regeneration therapies with stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Guang-Yan Cai
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing 100853, China.
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DiNicolantonio JJ, McCarty MF, Barroso-Aranda J, Assanga S, Lujan LML, O'Keefe JH. A nutraceutical strategy for downregulating TGFβ signalling: prospects for prevention of fibrotic disorders, including post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis. Open Heart 2021; 8:openhrt-2021-001663. [PMID: 33879509 PMCID: PMC8061562 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James J DiNicolantonio
- Preventive Cardiology, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Simon Assanga
- Department of Research and Postgraduate Studies in Food, University of Sonora, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - James H O'Keefe
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Saint Lukes Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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The Role of Cell Division Autoantigen 1 (CDA1) in Renal Fibrosis of Diabetic Nephropathy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6651075. [PMID: 33997036 PMCID: PMC8102118 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6651075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The common kidney disease diabetic nephropathy (DN) accounts for significant morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes, and its effective diagnosis in incipient stages is still lacking. Renal fibrosis is the main pathological feature of DN. Cell division autoantigen 1 (CDA1), a phosphorylated protein encoded by TSPYL2 on the X chromosome, plays a fibrogenic role by modulating the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. TGF-β signaling has been recognized as the key factor in promoting the development and progression of DN. At present, strict control of blood sugar and blood pressure can significantly lower the development and progression of DN in the early stages, and many studies have shown that blocking TGF-β signaling can delay the progress of DN. However, TGF-β is a multifunctional cytokine. Its direct intervention may result in increased side effects. Therefore, the targeted intervention of CDA1 not only can block the TGF-β signaling pathway but also can reduce these side effects. In this article, we review the main physiological roles of CDA1, with particular attention to its effect and potential mechanism in the renal fibrosis of DN.
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Evaluating the Serum Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 Level in Chronic Kidney Disease Caused by Glomerulonephritis. Nephrourol Mon 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.113161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) has been demonstrated as one of the main factors in the progression of fibrosis and sclerosis glomerular damages. Glomerulonephritis is one common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the promotion of inflammatory renal damage containing fibrosis and sclerosis glomerular. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the TGF-β1 level in CKD patients and compare it with the healthy control group. Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study was carried out on 212 subjects admitted to the Nghe An Friendship General Hospital in Vietnam from March 2018 to February 2020. The case group included 152 patients diagnosed with CKD caused by glomerulonephritis, and the control group included 60 healthy individuals. The TGF-β1 was determined in serum by ELISA method. Results: The serum TGF-β1 concentration of the healthy control group and CKD group was 13.45 ± 7.17 and 32.35 ± 11.74, respectively. The CKD group had a significantly higher TGF-β1 level than the control group (P < 0.05). The CKD group with the eGRP ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 group had a higher TGF-β1 level than the eGRP < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 group, and the TGF-β1 level increased from stage 1 to stage 5 (P < 0.001). The TGF-β1 had a medium correlation to urea, creatinine, and hs-CRP. Conclusions: The concentration of TGF-β1 in the CKD group was higher than the control group so that it increased early from the first stage of the disease.
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Alshanwani AR, Mohamed AM, Faddah LM, Shaheen S, Arafah MM, Hagar H, Alhusaini AM, Alharbi FMB, AlHarthii A, Badr AM. Cyanocobalamin and/or calcitriol mitigate renal damage-mediated by tamoxifen in rats: Implication of caspase-3/NF-κB signaling pathways. Life Sci 2021; 277:119512. [PMID: 33862116 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tamoxifen (TAMO) is a chemotherapeutic drug used for the treatment of breast cancer. Nevertheless, there is a lack of information available in regarding its nephrotoxicity. The purpose of this work was to investigate the impact of cyanocobalamin (COB) and/or calcitriol (CAL) injections on TAMO-induced nephrotoxicity. MAIN METHODS Animals were allocated into five groups as follows: normal control group; TAMO (45 mg/kg) administered group; TAMO+COB (6mg/kg, i.p) treated group; TAMO+CAL (0.3 μg/kg, i.p) treated group; TAMO+COB+CAL combination groups. KEY FINDINGS Renal injury induced by TAMO was confirmed by the alteration in renal function parameters in the serum (urea and creatinine), as well as in the urine (creatinine clearance, total protein and albumin). These results were supported by histopathological examination. Upregulation of renal inflammatory parameters; tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP); and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 as well as in protein expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and cleaved caspase-3 were observed to a greater extent in the TAMO-treated rats compared with the control. Renal fibrosis was also evidenced by a elevation in renal L-hydroxyproline level as well as by histomorphological collagen deposition in TAMO-treated groups compared to the control group. Administration of COB and/or CAL concurrently with TAMO significantly ameliorated the deviation in the above-studied parameters and improved the histopathological renal picture. SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of NF-κβ-mediated inflammation and caspase-3-induced apoptosis are possible renoprotective mechanisms of COB and/or CAL against TAMO nephrotoxicity, which was more noticeable in the TAMO group treated with the combination of the two vitamins in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliah R Alshanwani
- College of Medicine, Physiology Department, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Azza M Mohamed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila M Faddah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameerah Shaheen
- College of Medicine, Anatomy Department, Stem Cell Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Arafah
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Hagar
- College of Medicine, Physiology Department, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia; College of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahlam M Alhusaini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima M B Alharbi
- College of Science, Biochemistry Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa AlHarthii
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M Badr
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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α-Lipoic Acid Increases Collagen Synthesis and Deposition in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Rat Kidneys. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6669352. [PMID: 33777319 PMCID: PMC7979310 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6669352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (ALA) is widely used as a nutritional supplement and therapeutic agent in diabetes management. Well-established antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of ALA were considered to be particularly important in combating diabetic complications including renal injury. The present study evaluated the potential of ALA to affect profibrotic events in kidney that could alter its structure and functioning. ALA was administered intraperitoneally (10 mg/kg) to nondiabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats for 4 and 8 weeks. The effects of ALA were assessed starting from structural/morphological alterations through changes that characterize profibrotic processes, to regulation of collagen gene expression in kidney. Here, we demonstrated that ALA improved systemic glucose and urea level, reduced formation of renal advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and maintained renal structural integrity in diabetic rats. However, profibrotic events provoked in diabetes were not alleviated by ALA since collagen synthesis/deposition and expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) remained elevated in ALA-treated diabetic rats, especially after 8 weeks of diabetes onset. Moreover, 8 weeks treatment of nondiabetic rats with ALA led to the development of profibrotic features reflected in increased collagen synthesis/deposition. Besides the TGF-β1 downstream signaling, the additional mechanism underlying the upregulation of collagen IV in nondiabetic rats treated with ALA involves decreased DNA methylation of its promoter that could arise from increased Tet1 expression. These findings emphasize the therapeutic caution in the use of ALA, especially in patients with renal diabetic complication.
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Qin X, Xu Y, Zhou X, Gong T, Zhang ZR, Fu Y. An injectable micelle-hydrogel hybrid for localized and prolonged drug delivery in the management of renal fibrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:835-847. [PMID: 33777685 PMCID: PMC7982499 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized delivery, comparing to systemic drug administration, offers a unique alternative to enhance efficacy, lower dosage, and minimize systemic tissue toxicity by releasing therapeutics locally and specifically to the site of interests. Herein, a localized drug delivery platform ("plum‒pudding" structure) with controlled release and long-acting features is developed through an injectable hydrogel ("pudding") crosslinked via self-assembled triblock polymeric micelles ("plum") to help reduce renal interstitial fibrosis. This strategy achieves controlled and prolonged release of model therapeutics in the kidney for up to three weeks in mice. Following a single injection, local treatments containing either anti-inflammatory small molecule celastrol or anti-TGFβ antibody effectively minimize inflammation while alleviating fibrosis via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway or neutralizing TGF-β1 locally. Importantly, the micelle-hydrogel hybrid based localized therapy shows enhanced efficacy without local or systemic toxicity, which may represent a clinically relevant delivery platform in the management of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Key Words
- Anti-TGFβ antibody
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CLT, celastrol
- Celastrol
- Controlled release
- Cy5.5-NHS, cyanine 5.5-N-hydroxysuccinimide
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DEX, dexamethasone
- DiD, 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindodicarbocyanineperchlorate
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- EDCI, carbodiimide hydrochloride
- ESR, equilibrium swelling ratio
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- G", the loss modulus
- G', storage modulus
- HA, hyaluronic acid
- HASH, thiolated hyaluronic acid
- Hydrogel
- IL-1β, interleukin 1β
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- Inflammation
- Localized therapy
- MOD, mean optical density
- NHS, N-hydroxysuccinimide
- PDI, polydispersity index
- RIF, renal interstitial fibrosis
- RSR, real-time swelling ratio
- Renal fibrosis
- SD, standard deviation
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling
- UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction
- bis-F127-MA, bis-F127-methacrylate
- iNOS, nitric oxide synthase
- α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
- “Plum‒pudding” structure
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Dong X, Li Y, Cao R, Xu H. MicroRNA-363-3p Inhibits the Expression of Renal Fibrosis Markers in TGF-β1-Treated HK-2 Cells by Targeting TGF-β2. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:1033-1048. [PMID: 33630202 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of miR-363-3p in renal fibrosis (RF) in vitro. HK-2 cells were treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 for 72 h to establish an in vitro model of RF. Subsequently, western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of RF markers in TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells, respectively. The results showed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of TGF-β2, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), fibronectin, vimentin, collagen II and N-cadherin were increased, while the protein and mRNA expression levels of E-cadherin were decreased in TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells. The level of miR-363-3p was significantly decreased in TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells. TargetScan indicated that TGF-β2 was a direct target gene for miR-363-3p, which was further verified using dual luciferase reporter gene assays. Further analyses revealed that the increased protein and mRNA expression levels of TGF-β2, α-SMA, fibronectin, vimentin, collagen II, N-cadherin, increased phosphorylated-Smad3 protein level, and decreased E-cadherin protein and mRNA expression in TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells were significantly reversed by miR-363-3p mimics. However, all the effects were suppressed by a TGF-β2-plasmid. The results suggested that miR-363-3p plays a protective role in RF by regulating the TGF-β2/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Dong
- Department of Urinary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Shibei, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Blood Purification Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Honglan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, 1 Jiaozhou Road, Shibei, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China.
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Nabi R, Alvi SS, Shah A, Chaturvedi CP, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Ahmad S, Khan MS. Ezetimibe attenuates experimental diabetes and renal pathologies via targeting the advanced glycation, oxidative stress and AGE-RAGE signalling in rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021:1-16. [PMID: 33508970 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1874996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current in-vivo study was premeditated to uncover the protective role of ezetimibe (EZ) against advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)-related pathologies in experimental diabetes. Our results showed that EZ markedly improved the altered biochemical markers of diabetes mellitus (DM) (FBG, HbA1c, insulin, microalbumin, and creatinine) and cardiovascular disease (in-vivo lipid/lipoprotein level and hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity) along with diminished plasma carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and renal fluorescent AGEs level. Gene expression study revealed that EZ significantly down-regulated the renal AGEs-receptor (RAGE), nuclear factor-κB (NFκB-2), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) mRNA expression, however, the neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) mRNA expression was up-regulated. In addition, EZ also maintained the redox status via decreasing the lipid peroxidation and protein-bound carbonyl content (CC) and increasing the activity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated-paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and renal antioxidant enzymes as well as also protected renal histopathological features. We conclude that EZ exhibits antidiabetic and reno-protective properties in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Nabi
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sahir Sultan Alvi
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Arunim Shah
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Chandra P Chaturvedi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - M Salman Khan
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
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Hao H, Ma S, Zheng C, Wang Q, Lin H, Chen Z, Xie J, Chen L, Chen K, Wang Y, Huang X, Cao S, Liao W, Bin J, Liao Y. Excessive fibroblast growth factor 23 promotes renal fibrosis in mice with type 2 cardiorenal syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:2982-3009. [PMID: 33460402 PMCID: PMC7880350 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) has a high mortality, but its pathogenesis remains elusive. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is increased in both renal dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction, and FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4) has been identified as a receptor for FGF23. Deficiency of FGF23 causes growth retardation and shortens the lifespan, but it is unclear whether excess FGF23 is detrimental in CRS. This study sought to investigate whether FGF23 plays an important role in CRS-induced renal fibrosis. A mouse model of CRS was created by surgical myocardial infarction for 12 weeks. CRS mice showed a significant increase of circulatory and renal FGF23 protein levels, as well as an upregulation of p-GSK, active-β-catenin, TGF-β, collagen I and vimentin, a downregulation of renal Klotho expression and induction of cardiorenal dysfunction and cardiorenal fibrosis. These changes were enhanced by cardiac overexpression of FGF23 and attenuated by FGF receptor blocker PD173074 or β-catenin blocker IGC001. In fibroblasts (NRK-49F), expression of FGFR4 rather than Klotho was detected. Recombinant FGF23 upregulated the expression of p-GSK, active-β-catenin, TGF-β, collagen I and vimentin proteins. These changes were attenuated by FGFR4 blockade with BLU9931 or β-catenin blockade with IGC001. We concluded that FGF23 promotes CRS-induced renal fibrosis mediated by partly activating FGFR4/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Hao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cankun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiancheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hairuo Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenhuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiahe Xie
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuegang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shiping Cao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Ren L, Guo HN, Yang J, Guo XY, Wei YS, Yang Z. Dissecting Efficacy and Metabolic Characteristic Mechanism of Taxifolin on Renal Fibrosis by Multivariate Approach and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:608511. [PMID: 33519473 PMCID: PMC7841412 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.608511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxifolin (TFN) is an important natural compound with antifibrotic activity; however, its pharmacological mechanism is not clear. In this study, our aim is to gain insight into the effects of TFN and its potential mechanisms in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) animal model using metabolomics approach to identify the metabolic biomarkers and perturbed pathways. Serum metabolomics analysis by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was carried out to discover the changes in the metabolic profile. It showed that TFN has a significant protective effect on UUO-induced renal fibrosis and a total of 32 potential biomarkers were identified and related to RF progression. Of note, 27 biomarkers were regulated by TFN treatment, which participate in eight metabolic pathways, including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism. It also showed that metabolomics was a promising strategy to better dissect metabolic characteristics and pharmacological mechanisms of natural compounds by multivariate approach and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao-Nan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Ye-Sheng Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, China
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Veitch MR, Thai K, Zhang Y, Desjardins JF, Kabir G, Connelly KA, Gilbert RE. Late intervention in the remnant kidney model attenuates proteinuria but not glomerular filtration rate decline. Nephrology (Carlton) 2021; 26:270-279. [PMID: 33179827 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The use of animal models to predict the response to new therapies in humans is a vexing issue in nephrology. Unlike patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), few rodent models develop a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) so that experimental studies frequently report a reduction in proteinuria as the primary efficacy outcome. Moreover, while humans present with established kidney disease that continues to progress, many experimental studies investigate therapies in the prevention rather than in a therapeutic setting. METHODS We used the remnant kidney (subtotal nephrectomy [SNX]) rat model that develops a decline in GFR in conjunction with heavy proteinuria and hypertension along with the histological hallmarks of CKD in humans, glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Using agents that had been shown to improve GFR as well as proteinuria in the prevention setting, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with enalapril and SIRT1 activation with SRT3025, treatment was initiated 6 weeks after SNX. RESULTS While enalapril reduced blood pressure, proteinuria and histological injury, it did not improve GFR, as measured by inulin clearance. SRT3025 improved neither GFR nor structural damage despite a reduction in proteinuria. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that neither a reduction in proteinuria nor a reversal of structural damage in the kidney will necessarily translate to a restoration of kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Veitch
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerri Thai
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Desjardins
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Golam Kabir
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard E Gilbert
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Mehta N, Li R, Zhang D, Soomro A, He J, Zhang I, MacDonald M, Gao B, Krepinsky JC. miR299a-5p promotes renal fibrosis by suppressing the antifibrotic actions of follistatin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:88. [PMID: 33420269 PMCID: PMC7794215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (cav-1), an integral protein of the membrane microdomains caveolae, is required for synthesis of matrix proteins by glomerular mesangial cells (MC). Previously, we demonstrated that the antifibrotic protein follistatin (FST) is transcriptionally upregulated in cav-1 knockout MC and that its administration is protective against renal fibrosis. Here, we screened cav-1 wild-type and knockout MC for FST-targeting microRNAs in order to identity novel antifibrotic therapeutic targets. We identified that miR299a-5p was significantly suppressed in cav-1 knockout MC, and this was associated with stabilization of the FST 3'UTR. Overexpression and inhibition studies confirmed the role of miR299a-5p in regulating FST expression. Furthermore, the profibrotic cytokine TGFβ1 was found to stimulate the expression of miR299a-5p and, in turn, downregulate FST. Through inhibition of FST, miR299a-5p overexpression augmented, while miR299a-5p inhibition diminished TGFβ1 profibrotic responses, whereas miR299a-5p overexpression re-enabled cav-1 knockout MC to respond to TGFβ1. In vivo, miR299a-5p was upregulated in the kidneys of mice with chronic kidney disease (CKD). miR299a-5p inhibition protected these mice against renal fibrosis and CKD severity. Our data demonstrate that miR299a-5p is an important post-transcriptional regulator of FST, with its upregulation an important pathogenic contributor to renal fibrosis. Thus, miR299a-5p inhibition offers a potential novel therapeutic approach for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Mehta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Renzhong Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Dan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Asfia Soomro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Juehua He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Ivan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Melissa MacDonald
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joan C Krepinsky
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
- St. Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Rm T3311, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada.
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49
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Wang J, Zhu X, Qin X, Jiang H, Gao Y, Gao J. [miR-324-5p inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells by regulating the Syk/Ras/c-fos pathway]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1571-1578. [PMID: 33243745 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.11.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of miR-324-5p on the proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial (HBZY-1) cells and the role of Syk/Ras/c-fos signaling pathway in mediating this effect. METHODS HBZY-1 cells cultured in vitro were transiently transfected with miR-324-5p mimics or miR-324-5p-mimics-NC followed by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation activity of HBZY-1 cells, and RT-qPCR was used to detect the expressions of miR-324-5p and the mRNA expressions of Syk, Ras, MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and c-fos mRNA. The protein expressions of p-Syk, Ras, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and c-Fos were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS MTT assay showed that exposure to LPS significantly enhanced the proliferative activity of HBZY-1 cells. Compared with the cells treated with LPS and LPS + mimics NC, the cells transfected with miR-324-5p mimics prior to LPS exposure exhibited significantly lowered proliferative activity. Transfection with miR-324-5p mimics significantly lowered the mRNA expressions of Syk, Ras, MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and c-fos and the protein expressions of p-Syk, Ras, MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and c-Fos (P < 0.05), and reduced numbers of cells positive for p-Syk, Ras, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and c-Fos proteins following LPS exposure. CONCLUSIONS miR-324-5p can inhibit the proliferation of rat chronic glomerulonephritis cells induced by LPS by inhibiting Syk/Ras/c-fos signaling pathway and may potentially serve as a diagnostic indicator and a therapeutic target for chronic glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xiujuan Qin
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Compounds, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yachen Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jiarong Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Compounds, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
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An Y, Zhang C, Xu F, Li W, Zeng C, Xie L, Liu Z. Increased urinary miR-196a level predicts the progression of renal injury in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35:1009-1016. [PMID: 30521014 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data suggest that miR-196a is predominantly expressed in the kidney and plays an inhibitory role in the progress of renal interstitial fibrosis (IF). However, the predictive value of miR-196a in diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains unknown. We validated the role of urinary miR-196a in the progression of renal injury in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Our study included 209 patients with biopsy-proven DN. The mean follow-up time was 54.03 ± 32.94 months. Histological lesions were assessed using the pathological classification established by the Renal Pathology Society. Percentages of IF and tubular atrophy were assessed using the Aperio ScanScope system. We measured the correlation of urinary miR-196a with clinical and pathological parameters using the Spearman's correlation test. The influence of urinary miR-196a on renal outcomes was assessed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Urinary miR-196a levels correlated positively with proteinuria (ρ = 0.385, P < 0.001), duration of diabetes mellitus (ρ = 0.255, P < 0.001) and systolic blood pressure (ρ = 0.267, P < 0.001). The baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and hemoglobin level showed a negative correlation with urinary miR-196a (ρ = -0.247, P < 0.001 and ρ = -0.236, P = 0.001, respectively). Pathologically, urinary miR-196a levels correlated with glomerular sclerosis and IF in patients with DN. Urinary miR-196a was significantly associated with progression to end-stage renal disease [hazard ratio (HR) 2.03, P < 0.001] and a 40% reduction of baseline eGFR (HR 1.75, P = 0.001), independent of age, gender, body mass index, mean arterial pressure and hemoglobinA1c level. However, urinary miR-196a did not improve predictive power to proteinuria and eGFR in DN patients. CONCLUSIONS Increased urinary miR-196a was significantly associated with the progression of renal injury and might be a noninvasive prognostic marker of renal fibrosis in DN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu An
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Changming Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Research Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Caihong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Xie
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Research Technology, Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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