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Woode RA, Strubberg AM, Liu J, Walker NM, Clarke LL. Increased activity of epithelial Cdc42 Rho GTPase and tight junction permeability in the Cftr knockout intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 327:G545-G557. [PMID: 39104325 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00211.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Increased intestinal permeability is a manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF) in people with CF (pwCF) and in CF mouse models. CF transmembrane conductance regulator knockout (Cftr KO) mouse intestine exhibits increased proliferation and Wnt/β-catenin signaling relative to wild-type mice (WT). Since the Rho GTPase Cdc42 plays a central role in intestinal epithelial proliferation and tight junction remodeling, we hypothesized that Cdc42 may be altered in the Cftr KO crypts. Immunofluorescence showed distinct tight junction localization of Cdc42 in Cftr KO fresh crypts and enteroids, the latter indicating an epithelial-autonomous feature. Quantitative PCR and immunoblots revealed similar expression of Cdc42 in the Cftr KO crypts/enteroids relative to WT, whereas pulldown assays showed increased GTP-bound (active) Cdc42 in proportion to total Cdc42 in Cftr KO enteroids. Cdc42 activity in the Cftr KO and WT enteroids could be reduced by inhibition of the Wnt transducer Disheveled. With the use of a dye permeability assay, Cftr KO enteroids exhibited increased paracellular permeability to 3 kDa dextran relative to WT. Leak permeability and Cdc42 tight junction localization were reduced to a greater extent by inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with endo-IWR1 in Cftr KO relative to WT enteroids. Increased proliferation or inhibition of Cdc42 activity with ML141 in WT enteroids had no effect on permeability. In contrast, inhibition of Cdc42 with ML141 increased permeability to both 3 kDa dextran and tight junction impermeant 500 kDa dextran in Cftr KO enteroids. These data suggest that increased constitutive Cdc42 activity may alter the stability of paracellular permeability in Cftr KO crypt epithelium.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Increased tight junction localization and GTP-bound activity of the Rho GTPase Cdc42 was identified in small intestinal crypts and enteroids of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator knockout (Cftr KO) mice. The increase in epithelial Cdc42 activity was associated with increased Wnt signaling. Paracellular flux of an uncharged solute (3 kDa dextran) in Cftr KO enteroids indicated a moderate leak permeability under basal conditions that was strongly exacerbated by Cdc42 inhibition. These findings suggest increased activity of Cdc42 in the Cftr KO intestine underlies alterations in intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena A Woode
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Ashlee M Strubberg
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Nancy M Walker
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Lane L Clarke
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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Najm M, Martignetti L, Cornet M, Kelly-Aubert M, Sermet I, Calzone L, Stoven V. From CFTR to a CF signalling network: a systems biology approach to study Cystic Fibrosis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:892. [PMID: 39342081 PMCID: PMC11438383 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10752-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the gene coding the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR) protein, but its overall physio-pathology cannot be solely explained by the loss of the CFTR chloride channel function. Indeed, CFTR belongs to a yet not fully deciphered network of proteins participating in various signalling pathways. METHODS We propose a systems biology approach to study how the absence of the CFTR protein at the membrane leads to perturbation of these pathways, resulting in a panel of deleterious CF cellular phenotypes. RESULTS Based on publicly available transcriptomic datasets, we built and analyzed a CF network that recapitulates signalling dysregulations. The CF network topology and its resulting phenotypes were found to be consistent with CF pathology. CONCLUSION Analysis of the network topology highlighted a few proteins that may initiate the propagation of dysregulations, those that trigger CF cellular phenotypes, and suggested several candidate therapeutic targets. Although our research is focused on CF, the global approach proposed in the present paper could also be followed to study other rare monogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Najm
- Center for Computational Biology (CBIO), Mines Paris-PSL, 75006, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France.
- INSERM U900, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Loredana Martignetti
- Center for Computational Biology (CBIO), Mines Paris-PSL, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM U900, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Cornet
- Center for Computational Biology (CBIO), Mines Paris-PSL, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
- INSERM U900, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Mairead Kelly-Aubert
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, 75015, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares, Mucoviscidose et Maladies Apparentées, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades AP-HP Centre Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Calzone
- Center for Computational Biology (CBIO), Mines Paris-PSL, 75006, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France.
- INSERM U900, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Véronique Stoven
- Center for Computational Biology (CBIO), Mines Paris-PSL, 75006, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France.
- INSERM U900, 75005, Paris, France.
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Anbazhagan AN, Ge Y, Priyamvada S, Kumar A, Jayawardena D, Palani ARV, Husain N, Kulkarni N, Kapoor S, Kaur P, Majumder A, Lin YD, Maletta L, Gill RK, Alrefai WA, Saksena S, Zadeh K, Hong S, Mohamadzadeh M, Dudeja PK. A Direct Link Implicating Loss of SLC26A6 to Gut Microbial Dysbiosis, Compromised Barrier Integrity, and Inflammation. Gastroenterology 2024; 167:704-717.e3. [PMID: 38735402 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Putative anion transporter-1 (PAT1, SLC26A6) plays a key role in intestinal oxalate and bicarbonate secretion. PAT1 knockout (PKO) mice exhibit hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis. Notably, diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease are also associated with higher risk of hyperoxaluria and nephrolithiasis. However, the potential role of PAT1 deficiency in gut-barrier integrity and susceptibility to colitis is currently elusive. METHODS Age-matched PKO and wild-type littermates were administered 3.5% dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water for 6 days. Ileum and colon of control and treated mice were harvested. Messenger RNA and protein expression of tight junction proteins were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Severity of inflammation was assessed by measuring diarrheal phenotype, cytokine expression, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Gut microbiome and associated metabolome were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry, respectively. RESULTS PKO mice exhibited significantly higher loss of body weight, gut permeability, colonic inflammation, and diarrhea in response to dextran sulfate sodium treatment. In addition, PKO mice showed microbial dysbiosis and significantly reduced levels of butyrate and butyrate-producing microbes compared with controls. Co-housing wild-type and PKO mice for 4 weeks resulted in PKO-like signatures on the expression of tight junction proteins in the colons of wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that loss of PAT1 disrupts gut microbiome and related metabolites, decreases gut-barrier integrity, and increases host susceptibility to intestinal inflammation. These findings, thus, highlight a novel role of the oxalate transporter PAT1 in promoting gut-barrier integrity, and its deficiency appears to contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arivarasu N Anbazhagan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yong Ge
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shubha Priyamvada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dulari Jayawardena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Arvind Raj Vishnu Palani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nazim Husain
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Neelkanth Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shaunik Kapoor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Prabhdeep Kaur
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Apurba Majumder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yang-Ding Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Leeany Maletta
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ravinder K Gill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Waddah A Alrefai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seema Saksena
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kimia Zadeh
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sungmo Hong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mansour Mohamadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Pradeep K Dudeja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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Stonebraker JR, Pace RG, Gallins PJ, Dang H, Aksit MA, Faino AV, Gordon WW, MacParland S, Bamshad MJ, Gibson RL, Cutting GR, Durie PR, Wright FA, Zhou YH, Blackman SM, O'Neal WK, Ling SC, Knowles MR. Genetic variation in severe cystic fibrosis liver disease is associated with novel mechanisms for disease pathogenesis. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00819. [PMID: 38536042 PMCID: PMC11427593 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is not known why severe cystic fibrosis (CF) liver disease (CFLD) with portal hypertension occurs in only ~7% of people with CF. We aimed to identify genetic modifiers for severe CFLD to improve understanding of disease mechanisms. APPROACH AND RESULTS Whole-genome sequencing was available in 4082 people with CF with pancreatic insufficiency (n = 516 with severe CFLD; n = 3566 without CFLD). We tested ~15.9 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for association with severe CFLD versus no-CFLD, using pre-modulator clinical phenotypes including (1) genetic variant ( SERPINA1 ; Z allele) previously associated with severe CFLD; (2) candidate SNPs (n = 205) associated with non-CF liver diseases; (3) genome-wide association study of common/rare SNPs; (4) transcriptome-wide association; and (5) gene-level and pathway analyses. The Z allele was significantly associated with severe CFLD ( p = 1.1 × 10 -4 ). No significant candidate SNPs were identified. A genome-wide association study identified genome-wide significant SNPs in 2 loci and 2 suggestive loci. These 4 loci contained genes [significant, PKD1 ( p = 8.05 × 10 -10 ) and FNBP1 ( p = 4.74 × 10 -9 ); suggestive, DUSP6 ( p = 1.51 × 10 -7 ) and ANKUB1 ( p = 4.69 × 10 -7 )] relevant to severe CFLD pathophysiology. The transcriptome-wide association identified 3 genes [ CXCR1 ( p = 1.01 × 10 -6 ) , AAMP ( p = 1.07 × 10 -6 ), and TRBV24 ( p = 1.23 × 10 -5 )] involved in hepatic inflammation and innate immunity. Gene-ranked analyses identified pathways enriched in genes linked to multiple liver pathologies. CONCLUSION These results identify loci/genes associated with severe CFLD that point to disease mechanisms involving hepatic fibrosis, inflammation, innate immune function, vascular pathology, intracellular signaling, actin cytoskeleton and tight junction integrity and mechanisms of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. These discoveries will facilitate mechanistic studies and the development of therapeutics for severe CFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn R Stonebraker
- Marsico Lung Institute/UNC CF Research Center, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rhonda G Pace
- Marsico Lung Institute/UNC CF Research Center, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul J Gallins
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Departments of Statistics and Biological Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute/UNC CF Research Center, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Melis A Aksit
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna V Faino
- Children's Core for Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Analytics in Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William W Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sonya MacParland
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ronald L Gibson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary & Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Biology and Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Garry R Cutting
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Fred A Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Departments of Statistics and Biological Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott M Blackman
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute/UNC CF Research Center, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Simon C Ling
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael R Knowles
- Marsico Lung Institute/UNC CF Research Center, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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5
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Duckworth LA, Sutton KA, Shaikh N, Wang J, Hall-Moore C, Holtz LR, Tarr PI, Rubenstein RC. Quantification of Enteric Dysfunction in Cystic Fibrosis: Inter- and Intraindividual Variability. J Pediatr 2024; 265:113800. [PMID: 37866678 PMCID: PMC10869934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the utility of various biomarkers as indicators of gut dysfunction in cystic fibrosis (CF) and determine whether intraindividual variations in these measures are repeatable over short intervals and whether interindividual variations correlate with clinical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN We performed a cross-sectional, limited longitudinal study of children with CF aged 1-21 years who provided blood and stool samples at 2 or 3 visits, 2 weeks and 3 months apart, which were assayed for markers of intestinal inflammation (fecal calprotectin [fCal], lipocalin-2 [fLcn2], neopterin), and permeability (plasma lipopolysaccharide [LPS] antibodies, LPS-binding protein) by enzyme immunoassays. Control specimens were obtained from children without CF who had undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy and had no evidence of gut inflammation. RESULTS Twenty-six of 29 participants with CF completed the study. Sixty-nine stools (57 case/12 control) and 76 plasmas (60 case/16 control) were analyzed. LPS antibody had reliable intraindividual stability. fCal, fLcn2, and neopterin were significantly greater in CF than in control samples. fCal was negatively correlated with 3-month interval change (Δ) in weight-for-age z-score, body mass index/weight-for-length z-score, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second. fLcn2 was negatively correlated with FEV1 but not with anthropometrics. No marker correlated with Δbody mass index/weight-for-length z-score or ΔFEV1. CONCLUSIONS fLcn2 is elevated in people with CF and might predict worse interval pulmonary function. Expanded studies are warranted to test if fLcn2 correlates with changes in additional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Duckworth
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO.
| | - Kimberly A Sutton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Nurmohammad Shaikh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Jinli Wang
- Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Carla Hall-Moore
- Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Lori R Holtz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Phillip I Tarr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Ronald C Rubenstein
- Division of Allergy and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
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Nikonova AS, Deneka AY, Silva FN, Pirestani S, Tricarico R, Kiseleva AA, Zhou Y, Nicolas E, Flieder DB, Grivennikov SI, Golemis EA. Loss of Pkd1 limits susceptibility to colitis and colorectal cancer. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:40. [PMID: 37542051 PMCID: PMC10403611 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers, with an annual incidence of ~135,000 in the US, associated with ~50,000 deaths. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), associated with mutations disabling the PKD1 gene, affects as many as 1 in 1000. Intriguingly, some studies have suggested that individuals with germline mutations in PKD1 have reduced incidence of CRC, suggesting a genetic modifier function. Using mouse models, we here establish that loss of Pkd1 greatly reduces CRC incidence and tumor growth induced by loss of the tumor suppressor Apc. Growth of Pkd1-/-;Apc-/- organoids was reduced relative to Apc-/- organoids, indicating a cancer cell-intrinsic activity, even though Pkd1 loss enhanced activity of pro-oncogenic signaling pathways. Notably, Pkd1 loss increased colon barrier function, with Pkd1-deficient animals resistant to DSS-induced colitis, associated with upregulation of claudins that decrease permeability, and reduced T cell infiltration. Notably, Pkd1 loss caused greater sensitivity to activation of CFTR, a tumor suppressor in CRC, paralleling signaling relations in ADPKD. Overall, these data and other data suggest germline and somatic mutations in PKD1 may influence incidence, presentation, and treatment response in human CRC and other pathologies involving the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Nikonova
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Y Deneka
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Flaviane N Silva
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Molecular & Cell Biology & Genetics (MCBG) Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shabnam Pirestani
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Molecular & Cell Biology & Genetics (MCBG) Program, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rossella Tricarico
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna A Kiseleva
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas B Flieder
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sergei I Grivennikov
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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7
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Gilbert B, Kaiko G, Smith S, Wark P. A systematic review of the colorectal microbiome in adult cystic fibrosis patients. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25:843-852. [PMID: 36598333 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary, life-limiting, multi-system condition that results in chronic respiratory infections, pancreatic insufficiency and intestinal inflammation. Evidence indicates that CF patients develop colorectal cancer (CRC) earlier and more often than the general population. Intestinal dysbiosis resulting from genetics and CF treatment is a contributing factor. This systematic review aims to evaluate the literature to compare the microbiome of adult CF patients to non-CF patients and to assess if these changes correspond with known CRC microbiome alterations. METHODS A systematic review across five databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies focusing on adult CF patients using next generation sequencing and with appropriate non-CF controls were included. Two reviewers independently screened results and assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS The search generated 2757 results. 118 studies were retained after reviewing the title/abstract and full article review found five studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies consistently showed reduced microbial diversity in CF patients and unique clustering between CF and control cohorts. Thirty-four genera and 27 species were differently expressed between CF and controls. The CF cohort had a reduced number of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria and a higher abundance of bacteria associated with CRC compared to controls. CONCLUSION There was substantial heterogeneity across all the studies with regard to methodologies and reporting. However, all studies consistently found CF patients had reduced microbial diversity, fewer SCFA producing bacteria and increased CRC-associated bacteria. Further prospective studies employing consistent multi-omics approaches are needed to improve our understanding of the CF gut microbiome and its involvement in early onset CRC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This is the first systematic review to assess adult CF colorectal microbiome changes. This study shows CF patients have reduced SCFA producing bacteria and increased CRC-associated bacteria compared to non-CF patients and may help to explain the increased risk of CRC in the CF cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent Gilbert
- University of Newcastle, School of Medicine, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gerard Kaiko
- University of Newcastle, School of Medicine, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Smith
- University of Newcastle, School of Medicine, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Calvary Mater Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Wark
- University of Newcastle, School of Medicine, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Huet AS, Dvorshchenko KO, Grebinyk DM, Beregova TV, Ostapchenko LI. Expression of the Cftr, Nfkb1, and Ocln Genes during Restoration of Skin Integrity. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Pankonien I, Quaresma MC, Rodrigues CS, Amaral MD. CFTR, Cell Junctions and the Cytoskeleton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052688. [PMID: 35269829 PMCID: PMC8910340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-organ disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a cAMP regulated chloride (Cl−) and bicarbonate (HCO3−) ion channel expressed at the apical plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells. Reduced CFTR protein results in decreased Cl− secretion and excessive sodium reabsorption in epithelial cells, which consequently leads to epithelial dehydration and the accumulation of thick mucus within the affected organs, such as the lungs, pancreas, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, reproductive system and sweat glands. However, CFTR has been implicated in other functions besides transporting ions across epithelia. The rising number of references concerning its association to actin cytoskeleton organization, epithelial cell junctions and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins suggests a role in the formation and maintenance of epithelial apical basolateral polarity. This review will focus on recent literature (the last 10 years) substantiating the role of CFTR in cell junction formation and actin cytoskeleton organization with its connection to the ECM.
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10
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Cystic fibrosis-related liver disease: Clinical presentations, diagnostic and monitoring approaches in the era of CFTR modulator therapies. J Hepatol 2022; 76:420-434. [PMID: 34678405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population. Cystic fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD) is defined as the pathogenesis related to the underlying CFTR defect in biliary epithelial cells. CFLD needs to be distinguished from other liver manifestations that may not have any pathological significance. The clinical/histological presentation and severity of CFLD vary. The main histological presentation of CFLD is focal biliary fibrosis, which is usually asymptomatic. Portal hypertension develops in a minority of cases (about 10%) and may require specific management including liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease. Portal hypertension is usually the result of the progression of focal biliary fibrosis to multilobular cirrhosis during childhood. Nevertheless, non-cirrhotic portal hypertension as a result of porto-sinusoidal vascular disease is now identified increasingly more frequently, mainly in young adults. To evaluate the effect of new CFTR modulator therapies on the liver, the spectrum of hepatobiliary involvement must first be precisely classified. This paper discusses the phenotypic features of CFLD, its underlying physiopathology and relevant diagnostic and follow-up approaches, with a special focus on imaging.
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11
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Tam RY, van Dorst JM, McKay I, Coffey M, Ooi CY. Intestinal Inflammation and Alterations in the Gut Microbiota in Cystic Fibrosis: A Review of the Current Evidence, Pathophysiology and Future Directions. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030649. [PMID: 35160099 PMCID: PMC8836727 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting autosomal recessive multisystem disease. While its burden of morbidity and mortality is classically associated with pulmonary disease, CF also profoundly affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Chronic low-grade inflammation and alterations to the gut microbiota are hallmarks of the CF intestine. The etiology of these manifestations is likely multifactorial, resulting from cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction, a high-fat CF diet, and the use of antibiotics. There may also be a bidirectional pathophysiological link between intestinal inflammation and changes to the gut microbiome. Additionally, a growing body of evidence suggests that these GI manifestations may have significant clinical associations with growth and nutrition, quality of life, and respiratory function in CF. As such, the potential utility of GI therapies and long-term GI outcomes are areas of interest in CF. Further research involving microbial modulation and multi-omics techniques may reveal novel insights. This article provides an overview of the current evidence, pathophysiology, and future research and therapeutic considerations pertaining to intestinal inflammation and alterations in the gut microbiota in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Y. Tam
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.Y.T.); (J.M.v.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Josie M. van Dorst
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.Y.T.); (J.M.v.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Isabelle McKay
- Wagga Wagga Base Hospital, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia;
| | - Michael Coffey
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.Y.T.); (J.M.v.D.); (M.C.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Chee Y. Ooi
- Discipline of Paediatrics & Child Health, Randwick Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia; (R.Y.T.); (J.M.v.D.); (M.C.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Whittamore JM, Hatch M. Oxalate Flux Across the Intestine: Contributions from Membrane Transporters. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2835-2875. [PMID: 34964122 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial oxalate transport is fundamental to the role occupied by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in oxalate homeostasis. The absorption of dietary oxalate, together with its secretion into the intestine, and degradation by the gut microbiota, can all influence the excretion of this nonfunctional terminal metabolite in the urine. Knowledge of the transport mechanisms is relevant to understanding the pathophysiology of hyperoxaluria, a risk factor in kidney stone formation, for which the intestine also offers a potential means of treatment. The following discussion presents an expansive review of intestinal oxalate transport. We begin with an overview of the fate of oxalate, focusing on the sources, rates, and locations of absorption and secretion along the GI tract. We then consider the mechanisms and pathways of transport across the epithelial barrier, discussing the transcellular, and paracellular components. There is an emphasis on the membrane-bound anion transporters, in particular, those belonging to the large multifunctional Slc26 gene family, many of which are expressed throughout the GI tract, and we summarize what is currently known about their participation in oxalate transport. In the final section, we examine the physiological stimuli proposed to be involved in regulating some of these pathways, encompassing intestinal adaptations in response to chronic kidney disease, metabolic acid-base disorders, obesity, and following gastric bypass surgery. There is also an update on research into the probiotic, Oxalobacter formigenes, and the basis of its unique interaction with the gut epithelium. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-41, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Whittamore
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marguerite Hatch
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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13
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Synergy in Cystic Fibrosis Therapies: Targeting SLC26A9. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313064. [PMID: 34884866 PMCID: PMC8658147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SLC26A9, a constitutively active Cl- transporter, has gained interest over the past years as a relevant disease modifier in several respiratory disorders including Cystic Fibrosis (CF), asthma, and non-CF bronchiectasis. SLC26A9 contributes to epithelial Cl- secretion, thus preventing mucus obstruction under inflammatory conditions. Additionally, SLC26A9 was identified as a CF gene modifier, and its polymorphisms were shown to correlate with the response to drugs modulating CFTR, the defective protein in CF. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between SLC26A9 and CFTR, and its role in CF pathogenesis. Our data show that SLC26A9 expression contributes to enhanced CFTR expression and function. While knocking-down SLC26A9 in human bronchial cells leads to lower wt- and F508del-CFTR expression, function, and response to CFTR correctors, the opposite occurs upon its overexpression, highlighting SLC26A9 relevance for CF. Accordingly, F508del-CFTR rescue by the most efficient correctors available is further enhanced by increasing SLC26A9 expression. Interestingly, SLC26A9 overexpression does not increase the PM expression of non-F508del CFTR traffic mutants, namely those unresponsive to corrector drugs. Altogether, our data indicate that SLC26A9 stabilizes CFTR at the ER level and that the efficacy of CFTR modulator drugs may be further enhanced by increasing its expression.
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14
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Chang CS, Liao YC, Huang CT, Lin CM, Cheung CHY, Ruan JW, Yu WH, Tsai YT, Lin IJ, Huang CH, Liou JS, Chou YH, Chien HJ, Chuang HL, Juan HF, Huang HC, Chan HL, Liao YC, Tang SC, Su YW, Tan TH, Bäumler AJ, Kao CY. Identification of a gut microbiota member that ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in intestinal barrier enhanced Dusp6-deficient mice. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110016. [PMID: 34818535 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Strengthening the gut epithelial barrier is a potential strategy for management of gut microbiota-associated illnesses. Here, we demonstrate that dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (Dusp6) knockout enhances baseline colon barrier integrity and ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colonic injury. DUSP6 mutation in Caco-2 cells enhances the epithelial feature and increases mitochondrial oxygen consumption, accompanied by altered glucose metabolism and decreased glycolysis. We find that Dusp6-knockout mice are more resistant to DSS-induced dysbiosis, and the cohousing and fecal microbiota transplantation experiments show that the gut/fecal microbiota derived from Dusp6-knockout mice also confers protection against colitis. Further culturomics and mono-colonialization experiments show that one gut microbiota member in the genus Duncaniella confers host protection from DSS-induced injury. We identify Dusp6 deficiency as beneficial for shaping the gut microbiota eubiosis necessary to protect against gut barrier-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherng-Shyang Chang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ting Huang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Mei Lin
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | | | - Jhen-Wei Ruan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - I-Jung Lin
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsun Huang
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 30062, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shian Liou
- Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute, Hsinchu, 30062, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsien Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Chien
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan; Center for Computational and Systems Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology and Department of Medical Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Liao
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shiue-Cheng Tang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hua Tan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Andreas J Bäumler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cheng-Yuan Kao
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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15
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Thavamani A, Salem I, Sferra TJ, Sankararaman S. Impact of Altered Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Cystic Fibrosis. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020123. [PMID: 33671639 PMCID: PMC7926988 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal, multisystemic genetic disorder in Caucasians. Mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein are responsible for impairment of epithelial anionic transport, leading to impaired fluid regulation and pH imbalance across multiple organs. Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations in CF may begin in utero and continue throughout the life, resulting in a chronic state of an altered intestinal milieu. Inherent dysfunction of CFTR leads to dysbiosis of the gut. This state of dysbiosis is further perpetuated by acquired factors such as use of antibiotics for recurrent pulmonary exacerbations. Since the gastrointestinal microbiome and their metabolites play a vital role in nutrition, metabolic, inflammatory, and immune functions, the gut dysbiosis will in turn impact various manifestations of CF-both GI and extra-GI. This review focuses on the consequences of gut dysbiosis and its metabolic implications on CF disease and possible ways to restore homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Thavamani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.T.); (T.J.S.)
| | - Iman Salem
- Center for Medial Mycology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Sferra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.T.); (T.J.S.)
| | - Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, UH Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.T.); (T.J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-216-844-1765
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16
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Liu X, Chen Y, You B, Peng Y, Chen Y, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Chen J. Molecular mechanism mediating enteric bacterial translocation after severe burn: the role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. BURNS & TRAUMA 2021; 9:tkaa042. [PMID: 33501367 PMCID: PMC7809362 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Gut ischemia and hypoxia post severe burn leads to breakdown of intestinal epithelial
barrier and enteric bacterial translocation (EBT), resulting in serious complications,
such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis and multiple organ failure.
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is known to be downregulated
by hypoxia and modulate junctional complexes, which are crucial structures maintaining
the intestinal barrier. This study aimed to investigate whether CFTR plays a role in
both regulating the intestinal barrier and mediating EBT post severe burn, as well as
the signaling pathways involved in these processes. Methods An in vitro Caco-2 cell model subjected to hypoxic injury and an
in vivo mouse model with a 30% total body surface area full-thickness
dermal burn were established. DF 508 mice (mice with F508del CFTR gene mutation) were
used as an in vivo model to further demonstrate the role of CFTR in maintaining normal
intestinal barrier function. QRT-PCR, western blot, ELISA, TER assay and
immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression and localization of CFTR
and tight junction proteins, as well as the function of tight junctions. Results Our data indicated that, in Caco-2 cells, the hypoxia condition significantly reduced
CFTR expression; activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor-κB
signaling; elevated secretion of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α,
interleukin-1β and interleukin-8); downregulated zonula occludens-1, occludin and
E-cadherin expression; decreased transepithelial electrical resistance values; and led
to a cellular mislocation of ZO-1. More importantly, knockdown of CFTR caused similar
alterations. The upregulation of inflammatory factors and downregulation of tight
junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) induced by knockdown of CFTR could be reversed by
specific extracellular signal-regulated kinase or nuclear factor-κB inhibition. In
support of the in vitro data, exuberant secretion of pro-inflammatory
mediators and EBT was observed in the intestine of severely burnt mice in
vivo. EBT occurred in DF508 mice (mice with the F508del CFTR gene mutation),
accompanied by augmented tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-8
levels in the ileum compared to wildtype mice. In addition, vitamin D3 was shown to
protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from hypoxic injury. Conclusions Collectively, the present study illustrated that CFTR and downstream signaling were
critical in modulating the intestinal epithelial junction and EBT post severe burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Gao Tan Yan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Gao Tan Yan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bo You
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Gao Tan Yan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, No. 958 Hospital of Army, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Jian Xin Dong Street, Chongqing 400020, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yajie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Gao Tan Yan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zichen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Gao Tan Yan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Proteomics Disease, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital), Third Military Medical University (Army Military Medical University), Gao Tan Yan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
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17
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Lee H, Lee S, Kim S, Lee J, Ha J, Choi Y, Oh H, Kim Y, Lee Y, Lim DS, Kim S, Han YS, Choi KH, Yoon Y. Asymptomatic Clostridium perfringens Inhabitation in Intestine Can Cause Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Disorders in Brain. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 17:52-65. [PMID: 31928429 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2019.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (CP) is a foodborne pathogen. The bacterium can also inhabit human gut without symptoms of foodborne illness. However, the clinical symptoms of long-term inhabitation have not been known yet. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between intestinal CP and other internal organs. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and CP were orally injected into 5-week-old (YOUNG) and 12-month-old C57BL6/J (ADULT) mice. Gene expression levels related to inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6) and oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase [SOD]1, SOD2, SOD3, glutathione reductase [GSR], glutathione peroxidase [GPx]3, and catalase [CAT]) responses were evaluated in the brain, small intestine, and liver. In addition, apoptosis-related (BCL2-associated X [BAX]1 and high-mobility group box-1 [HMGB1]) and brain disorder-related genes (CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein [C/EBP]-β, C/EBPδ, C/EBP homologous protein [CHOP], and amyloid precursor protein [APP]) as brain damage markers were examined. The protein expressions in the brain were also measured. Gene expression levels of inflammation and oxidative stress responses were higher (p < 0.05) in brains of CP-YOUNG and CP-ADULT mice, compared with PBS-YOUNG and PBS-ADULT, and the gene expression levels were higher (p < 0.05) in brains of CP-ADULT mice than CP-YOUNG mice. Apoptosis-related (BAX1 and HMGB1) and brain disorder-related genes (C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ, CHOP, and APP) were higher (p < 0.05) in brains of CP-challenged mice, compared with PBS-challenged mice. Even oxidative stress response (GPx and SOD2), cell damage-related (HMGB1), and β-amyloid proteins were higher (p < 0.05) in brains of CP- than in PBS-challenged mice. C/EBP protein was higher (p < 0.05) in CP-YOUNG, compared with PBS-YOUNG mice. However, these clinical symptoms were not observed in small intestine and liver. These results indicate that although asymptomatic intestinal CP do not cause foodborne illness, their inhabitation may cause brain inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell damage, which may induce disorders, especially for the aged group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soomin Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimyeong Ha
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yukyung Choi
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemin Oh
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yewon Lee
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Seog Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Saehun Kim
- Department of Food Bioscience, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sil Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hee Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Quaresma MC, Pankonien I, Clarke LA, Sousa LS, Silva IAL, Railean V, Doušová T, Fuxe J, Amaral MD. Mutant CFTR Drives TWIST1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:920. [PMID: 33106471 PMCID: PMC7588414 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenetic disease resulting from mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene encoding an anion channel. Recent evidence indicates that CFTR plays a role in other cellular processes, namely in development, cellular differentiation and wound healing. Accordingly, CFTR has been proposed to function as a tumour suppressor in a wide range of cancers. Along these lines, CF was recently suggested to be associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a latent developmental process, which can be re-activated in fibrosis and cancer. However, it is unknown whether EMT is indeed active in CF and if EMT is triggered by dysfunctional CFTR itself or a consequence of secondary complications of CF. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of EMT in airways native tissue, primary cells and cell lines expressing mutant CFTR through the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers as well as EMT-associated transcription factors. Transepithelial electrical resistance, proliferation and regeneration rates, and cell resistance to TGF-β1induced EMT were also measured. CF tissues/cells expressing mutant CFTR displayed several signs of active EMT, namely: destructured epithelial proteins, defective cell junctions, increased levels of mesenchymal markers and EMT-associated transcription factors, hyper-proliferation and impaired wound healing. Importantly, we found evidence that the mutant CFTR triggered EMT was mediated by EMT-associated transcription factor TWIST1. Further, our data show that CF cells are over-sensitive to EMT but the CF EMT phenotype can be reversed by CFTR modulator drugs. Altogether, these results identify for the first time that EMT is intrinsically triggered by the absence of functional CFTR through a TWIST1 dependent mechanism and indicate that CFTR plays a direct role in EMT protection. This mechanistic link is a plausible explanation for the high incidence of fibrosis and cancer in CF, as well as for the role of CFTR as tumour suppressor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida C Quaresma
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ines Pankonien
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luka A Clarke
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís S Sousa
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Iris A L Silva
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Violeta Railean
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tereza Doušová
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jonas Fuxe
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
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What Role Does CFTR Play in Development, Differentiation, Regeneration and Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093133. [PMID: 32365523 PMCID: PMC7246864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key features associated with the substantial increase in life expectancy for individuals with CF is an elevated predisposition to cancer, firmly established by recent studies involving large cohorts. With the recent advances in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies and the increased long-term survival rate of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), this is a novel challenge emerging at the forefront of this disease. However, the mechanisms linking dysfunctional CFTR to carcinogenesis have yet to be unravelled. Clues to this challenging open question emerge from key findings in an increasing number of studies showing that CFTR plays a role in fundamental cellular processes such as foetal development, epithelial differentiation/polarization, and regeneration, as well as in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we provide state-of-the-art descriptions on the moonlight roles of CFTR in these processes, highlighting how they can contribute to novel therapeutic strategies. However, such roles are still largely unknown, so we need rapid progress in the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms to find the answers and thus tailor the most appropriate therapeutic approaches.
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20
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Scott P, Anderson K, Singhania M, Cormier R. Cystic Fibrosis, CFTR, and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2891. [PMID: 32326161 PMCID: PMC7215855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by biallelic inactivating mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, has recently been categorized as a familial colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome. CF patients are highly susceptible to early, aggressive colorectal tumor development. Endoscopic screening studies have revealed that by the age of forty 50% of CF patients will develop adenomas, with 25% developing aggressive advanced adenomas, some of which will have already advanced to adenocarcinomas. This enhanced risk has led to new CF colorectal cancer screening recommendations, lowering the initiation of endoscopic screening to age forty in CF patients, and to age thirty in organ transplant recipients. The enhanced risk for CRC also extends to the millions of people (more than 10 million in the US) who are heterozygous carriers of CFTR gene mutations. Further, lowered expression of CFTR is reported in sporadic CRC, where downregulation of CFTR is associated with poor survival. Mechanisms underlying the actions of CFTR as a tumor suppressor are not clearly understood. Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and disruption of intestinal stem cell homeostasis and intestinal barrier integrity, as well as intestinal dysbiosis, immune cell infiltration, stress responses, and intestinal inflammation have all been reported in human CF patients and in animal models. Notably, the development of new drug modalities to treat non-gastrointestinal pathologies in CF patients, especially pulmonary disease, offers hope that these drugs could be repurposed for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (P.S.); (K.A.); (M.S.)
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21
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Antrodia cinnamomea Confers Obesity Resistance and Restores Intestinal Barrier Integrity in Leptin-deficient Obese Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030726. [PMID: 32164196 PMCID: PMC7146579 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders. Thus, obesity prevention and treatment are essential for health. Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a multifunctional medicinal fungus used for the treatment of various diseases and for preventing diet-induced obesity. Leptin deficiency causes over-eating and spontaneous obesity. The concomitant metabolic symptoms are more severe than diet-induced obesity. Here, we used leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice as an animal model for over-feeding to study the effect of AC on obesity. We fed C57BL/6 mice (WT, ob+/+) and ob/ob mice with AC for four weeks before performing qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis to elaborate AC-modulated mechanisms. Further, we used Caco-2 cells as a human intestinal epithelial barrier model to examine the effect of AC on intestinal permeability. Our results suggested that AC reduces lipid deposits of the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) by promoting lipid metabolism and inhibiting lipogenesis-associated genes and proteins in ob/ob mice. Moreover, AC effectively repaired intestinal-barrier injury caused by leptin deficiency and enhanced intestinal barrier integrity in Caco-2 cells. Interestingly, AC significantly reduced body weight and EWAT with no compromise on food intake in ob/ob mice. Thus, AC effectively reduced obesity caused by leptin-deficiency and can potentially be used as a nutraceutical for treating obesity.
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22
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Ikpa PT, Meijsen KF, Nieuwenhuijze ND, Dulla K, de Jonge HR, Bijvelds MJ. Transcriptome analysis of the distal small intestine of Cftr null mice. Genomics 2020; 112:1139-1150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Anderson KJ, Cormier RT, Scott PM. Role of ion channels in gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5732-5772. [PMID: 31636470 PMCID: PMC6801186 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i38.5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In their seminal papers Hanahan and Weinberg described oncogenic processes a normal cell undergoes to be transformed into a cancer cell. The functions of ion channels in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract influence a variety of cellular processes, many of which overlap with these hallmarks of cancer. In this review we focus on the roles of the calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-) and zinc (Zn2+) transporters in GI cancer, with a special emphasis on the roles of the KCNQ1 K+ channel and CFTR Cl- channel in colorectal cancer (CRC). Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger, serving as a signaling molecule for a variety of cellular processes such as control of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration. Various members of the TRP superfamily, including TRPM8, TRPM7, TRPM6 and TRPM2, have been implicated in GI cancers, especially through overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and down-regulation in colon cancer. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are classically associated with the initiation and conduction of action potentials in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells. The VGSC NaV1.5 is abundantly expressed in human colorectal CRC cell lines as well as being highly expressed in primary CRC samples. Studies have demonstrated that conductance through NaV1.5 contributes significantly to CRC cell invasiveness and cancer progression. Zn2+ transporters of the ZIP/SLC39A and ZnT/SLC30A families are dysregulated in all major GI organ cancers, in particular, ZIP4 up-regulation in pancreatic cancer (PC). More than 70 K+ channel genes, clustered in four families, are found expressed in the GI tract, where they regulate a range of cellular processes, including gastrin secretion in the stomach and anion secretion and fluid balance in the intestinal tract. Several distinct types of K+ channels are found dysregulated in the GI tract. Notable are hERG1 upregulation in PC, gastric cancer (GC) and CRC, leading to enhanced cancer angiogenesis and invasion, and KCNQ1 down-regulation in CRC, where KCNQ1 expression is associated with enhanced disease-free survival in stage II, III, and IV disease. Cl- channels are critical for a range of cellular and tissue processes in the GI tract, especially fluid balance in the colon. Most notable is CFTR, whose deficiency leads to mucus blockage, microbial dysbiosis and inflammation in the intestinal tract. CFTR is a tumor suppressor in several GI cancers. Cystic fibrosis patients are at a significant risk for CRC and low levels of CFTR expression are associated with poor overall disease-free survival in sporadic CRC. Two other classes of chloride channels that are dysregulated in GI cancers are the chloride intracellular channels (CLIC1, 3 & 4) and the chloride channel accessory proteins (CLCA1,2,4). CLIC1 & 4 are upregulated in PC, GC, gallbladder cancer, and CRC, while the CLCA proteins have been reported to be down-regulated in CRC. In summary, it is clear, from the diverse influences of ion channels, that their aberrant expression and/or activity can contribute to malignant transformation and tumor progression. Further, because ion channels are often localized to the plasma membrane and subject to multiple layers of regulation, they represent promising clinical targets for therapeutic intervention including the repurposing of current drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Robert T Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Patricia M Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
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24
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Markov AG, Vishnevskaya ON, Okorokova LS, Fedorova AA, Kruglova NM, Rybalchenko OV, Aschenbach JR, Amasheh S. Cholera toxin perturbs the paracellular barrier in the small intestinal epithelium of rats by affecting claudin-2 and tricellulin. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1183-1189. [PMID: 31222489 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholera toxin is commonly known to induce chloride secretion of the intestine. In recent years, effects on epithelial barrier function have been reported, indicating synergistic co-regulation of transporters and tight junction proteins. Our current study focused on the analysis of cholera toxin effects on transepithelial resistance and on tight junction proteins, the latter known as structural correlates of barrier function. Ligated segments of the rat jejunum were injected with buffered solution containing cholera toxin (1 μg/ml) and incubated for 4 h. Subsequently, selfsame tissue specimens were mounted in Ussing chambers, and cholera toxin (1 μg/ml) was added on the apical side. Transepithelial resistance and permeability of sodium fluorescein (376 Da) were analyzed. Subsequently, tissues were removed, expression and localization of claudins were analyzed, and morphological studies were performed employing transmission electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cholera toxin induced a marked decrease in transepithelial resistance in the rat jejunal epithelium and an increase in paracellular permeability for sodium fluorescein. Immunoblotting of tight junction proteins revealed an increase in claudin-2 signals, which was verified by confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscopy, and a decrease in tricellulin, whereas other tight junction proteins remained unchanged. Transmission electron microscopy showed a reduction in the number of microvilli after incubation with cholera toxin. Moreover, cholera toxin led to a widening of the intercellular space between enterocytes. In accordance with the commonly known prosecretory effect of cholera toxin, our study revealed a complementary effect on small intestinal barrier function and integrity, which might constitute a pathomechanism with high relevance for prevention and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Markov
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 197374, Russia
| | - Olga N Vishnevskaya
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 197374, Russia
| | - Larisa S Okorokova
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 197374, Russia
| | - Arina A Fedorova
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 197374, Russia
| | - Natalia M Kruglova
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 197374, Russia
| | - Oksana V Rybalchenko
- Faculty of Medicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 197374, Russia
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Salah Amasheh
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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25
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Zhang N, Heruth DP, Wu W, Zhang LQ, Nsumu MN, Shortt K, Li K, Jiang X, Wang B, Friesen C, Li DY, Ye SQ. Functional characterization of SLC26A3 c.392C>G (p.P131R) mutation in intestinal barrier function using CRISPR/CAS9-created cell models. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:40. [PMID: 31114672 PMCID: PMC6518688 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD) in a newborn is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with life-threatening complications, requiring early diagnostics and treatment to prevent severe dehydration and infant mortality. SLC26A3 rs386833481 (c.392C>G; p.P131R) gene polymorphism is an important genetic determinant of CCD. Here, we report the influence of the non-synonymous SLC26A3 variant rs386833481 gene polymorphism on the function of the epithelial barrier and the potential mechanisms of these effects. Results We found that P131R-SLC26A3 increased dysfunction of the epithelial barrier compared with wild type SLC26A3 in human colonic Caco-2 and mouse colonic CMT-93 cells. When P131R-SLC26A3 was subsequently reverted to wild type, the epithelial barrier function was restored similar to wild type cells. Further study demonstrated that variant P131R-SLC26A3 disrupts function of epithelial barrier through two distinct molecular mechanisms: (a) decreasing SLC26A3 expression through a ubiquitination pathway and (b) disrupting a key interaction with its partner ZO-1/CFTR, thereby increasing the epithelial permeability. Conclusion Our study provides an important insight of SLC26A3 SNPs in the regulation of the epithelial permeability and indicates that SLC26A3 rs386833481 is likely a causative mutation in the dysfunction of epithelial barrier of CCD, and correction of this SNP or increasing SLC26A3 function could be therapeutically beneficial for chronic diarrhea diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini Zhang
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO USA.,2Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO USA.,3Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA.,4Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Daniel P Heruth
- 2Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Weibin Wu
- 2Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO USA.,3Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA.,8Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Qin Zhang
- 2Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO USA.,5Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Marianne N Nsumu
- 2Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO USA.,3Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Katherine Shortt
- 2Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO USA.,6Division of Cell Biology & Biophysics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Biological Sciences, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Kelvin Li
- 7Department of Global Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Xun Jiang
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Baoxi Wang
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Craig Friesen
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Ding-You Li
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO USA
| | - Shui Qing Ye
- 2Division of Experimental and Translational Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO USA.,3Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO USA.,6Division of Cell Biology & Biophysics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Biological Sciences, Kansas City, MO USA
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26
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Identification of key pathways and candidate genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3751-3764. [PMID: 30881497 PMCID: PMC6403508 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignant tumor with a high degree of malignancy that is difficult to diagnose and treat. The present study integrated PDAC cohort profile datasets to identify key candidate genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The expression profiles of GSE28735 included 45 PDCA and matching pairs of adjacent non-tumor tissue. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were sorted and candidate genes and pathway enrichment were analyzed. A DEG-associated protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. A total of 424 DEGs were identified in PDAC, including 159 upregulated genes and 265 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology analysis results indicated that upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in biological process, molecular function and cellular component categories. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrated that the upregulated DEGs were enriched in ‘pancreatic secretion’, ‘protein digestion’ and ‘absorption’. Downregulated DEGs were enriched in ‘ECM-receptor interaction’, ‘focal adhesion’ and ‘PI3K/AKT’ signaling pathways. The PPI network revealed that these genes were involved in significant pathways, including ‘ECM organization’ signaling pathways (Hippo signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, Hedgehog signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway), ‘serine-type peptidase activity’ signaling pathway (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, TNF-α signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway) and ‘extracellular region’ signaling pathways (RTP signaling pathway, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway and RAS-RAF-MAPK signaling pathway). The identification of these candidate genes and pathways sheds light on the etiology and molecular mechanisms of PDAC and may guide the development of novel therapies for pancreatic cancer.
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27
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Debray D, El Mourabit H, Merabtene F, Brot L, Ulveling D, Chrétien Y, Rainteau D, Moszer I, Wendum D, Sokol H, Housset C. Diet-Induced Dysbiosis and Genetic Background Synergize With Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Deficiency to Promote Cholangiopathy in Mice. Hepatol Commun 2018; 2:1533-1549. [PMID: 30556040 PMCID: PMC6287479 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most typical expression of cystic fibrosis (CF)-related liver disease is a cholangiopathy that can progress to cirrhosis. We aimed to determine the potential impact of environmental and genetic factors on the development of CF-related cholangiopathy in mice. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr)-/- mice and Cftr +/+ littermates in a congenic C57BL/6J background were fed a high medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet. Liver histopathology, fecal microbiota, intestinal inflammation and barrier function, bile acid homeostasis, and liver transcriptome were analyzed in 3-month-old males. Subsequently, MCT diet was changed for chow with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the genetic background for a mixed C57BL/6J;129/Ola background (resulting from three backcrosses), to test their effect on phenotype. C57BL/6J Cftr -/- mice on an MCT diet developed cholangiopathy features that were associated with dysbiosis, primarily Escherichia coli enrichment, and low-grade intestinal inflammation. Compared with Cftr +/+ littermates, they displayed increased intestinal permeability and a lack of secondary bile acids together with a low expression of ileal bile acid transporters. Dietary-induced (chow with PEG) changes in gut microbiota composition largely prevented the development of cholangiopathy in Cftr -/- mice. Regardless of Cftr status, mice in a mixed C57BL/6J;129/Ola background developed fatty liver under an MCT diet. The Cftr -/- mice in the mixed background showed no cholangiopathy, which was not explained by a difference in gut microbiota or intestinal permeability, compared with congenic mice. Transcriptomic analysis of the liver revealed differential expression, notably of immune-related genes, in mice of the congenic versus mixed background. In conclusion, our findings suggest that CFTR deficiency causes abnormal intestinal permeability, which, combined with diet-induced dysbiosis and immune-related genetic susceptibility, promotes CF-related cholangiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Debray
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN) Paris France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades Pediatric Hepatology Unit Paris France
| | - Haquima El Mourabit
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN) Paris France
| | - Fatiha Merabtene
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN) Paris France
| | - Loïc Brot
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM ERL U1157 Paris France
| | - Damien Ulveling
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), Bioinformatics-Biostatistics Core Facility Paris France
| | - Yves Chrétien
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN) Paris France
| | | | - Ivan Moszer
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), Bioinformatics-Biostatistics Core Facility Paris France
| | - Dominique Wendum
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN) Paris France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Pathology Department Paris France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM ERL U1157 Paris France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Paris France
| | - Chantal Housset
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN) Paris France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Paris France
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28
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Peter A, Fatykhova D, Kershaw O, Gruber AD, Rueckert J, Neudecker J, Toennies M, Bauer TT, Schneider P, Schimek M, Eggeling S, Suttorp N, Hocke AC, Hippenstiel S. Localization and pneumococcal alteration of junction proteins in the human alveolar-capillary compartment. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:707-719. [PMID: 28247028 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Loss of alveolar barrier function with subsequent respiratory failure is a hallmark of severe pneumonia. Although junctions between endo- and epithelial cells regulate paracellular fluid flux, little is known about their composition and regulation in the human alveolar compartment. High autofluorescence of human lung tissue in particular complicates the determination of subcellular protein localization. By comparing conventional channel mode confocal imaging with spectral imaging and linear unmixing, we demonstrate that background fluorescent spectra and fluorophore signals could be rigorously separated resulting in complete recovery of the specific signal at a high signal-to-noise ratio. Using this technique and Western blotting, we show the expression patterns of tight junction proteins occludin, ZO-1 as well as claudin-3, -4, -5 and -18 and adherence junction protein VE-cadherin in naive or Streptococcus pneumoniae-infected human lung tissue. In uninfected tissues, occludin and ZO-1 formed band-like structures in alveolar epithelial cells type I (AEC I), alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC II) and lung capillaries, whereas claudin-3, -4 and -18 were visualised in AEC II. Claudin-5 was detected in the endothelium only. Claudin-3, -5, -18 displayed continuous band-like structures, while claudin-4 showed a dot-like expression. Pneumococcal infection reduced alveolar occludin, ZO-1, claudin-5 and VE-cadherin but did not change the presence of claudin-3, -4 and -18. Spectral confocal microscopy allows for the subcellular structural analysis of proteins in highly autofluorescent human lung tissue. The thereby observed deterioration of lung alveolar junctional organisation gives a structural explanation for alveolar barrier disruption in severe pneumococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peter
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department for Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diana Fatykhova
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivia Kershaw
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Strasse 15, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Rueckert
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Neudecker
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Toennies
- Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, HELIOS Klinikum Emil von Behring, Walterhöferstrasse 11, 14165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten T Bauer
- Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, HELIOS Klinikum Emil von Behring, Walterhöferstrasse 11, 14165, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Schneider
- Department for General and Thoracic Surgery, DRK Clinics, Drontheimer Strasse 39-40, 13359, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schimek
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit, Klinikum Neukölln, Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Berlin, Rudower Straße 48, 12351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Eggeling
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit, Klinikum Neukölln, Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Berlin, Rudower Straße 48, 12351, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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29
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Breton S, Ruan YC, Park YJ, Kim B. Regulation of epithelial function, differentiation, and remodeling in the epididymis. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:3-9. [PMID: 26585699 PMCID: PMC4736353 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.165946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The epididymis is a single convoluted tubule lined by a pseudostratified epithelium. Specialized epididymal epithelial cells, the so-called principal, basal, narrow, and clear cells, establish a unique luminal environment for the maturation and storage of spermatozoa. The epididymis is functionally and structurally divided into several segments and sub-segments that create regionally distinct luminal environments. This organ is immature at birth, and epithelial cells acquire their fully differentiated phenotype during an extended postnatal period, but the factors involved in this complex process remain incompletely characterized. In the adult epididymis, the establishment of an acidic luminal pH and low bicarbonate concentration in the epididymis contributes to preventing premature activation of spermatozoa during their maturation and storage. Clear cells are proton-secreting cells throughout the epididymis, but principal cells have distinct acid/base transport properties, depending on their localization within the epididymis. Basal cells are located in all epididymal segments, but they have a distinct morphology depending on the segment and species examined. How this structural plasticity of basal cells is regulated is discussed here. Also, the role of luminal factors and androgens in the regulation of epithelial cells is reviewed in relation to their respective localization in the proximal versus distal regions of the epididymis. Finally, we describe a novel role for CFTR in tubulogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Breton
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology/Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,
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Xu J, Yang Y, Hao P, Ding X. Claudin 8 Contributes to Malignant Proliferation in Human Osteosarcoma U2OS Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 30:400-4. [PMID: 26560196 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2015.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human osteosarcoma (OS) represents one of the most common primary sarcomas often originating in the metaphyses of long bones. However, its underlying molecular pathogenesis is still only vaguely understood. Several tight junction proteins were shown to be associated with and involved in tumorigenesis. This study is aimed to evaluate the role of Claudin 8 (CLDN8) in human OS. Lentivirus-based short hairpin RNA targeting CLDN8 specifically depleted its endogenous expression in U2OS and SW1353 OS cells, with a reduction by 97.7% and 89.3%, respectively, in contrast to control. Depletion of CLDN8 led to a significant diminution in cell viability and proliferation. To test the mechanism by which CLDN8 modulates cell proliferation, the flow cytometry assay and apoptosis assay were performed and confirmed that G1-S transition was blocked and a strong proapoptotic effect was induced in U2OS cells by CLDN8 knockdown. These data demonstrate that CLDN8 plays an essential role in OS proliferation in vitro, which will provide a new opportunity for discovering and identifying novel effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Xu
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoqi Yang
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Hao
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Ding
- 2 Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
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Hansen AK, Krych Ł, Nielsen DS, Hansen CHF. A Review of Applied Aspects of Dealing with Gut Microbiota Impact on Rodent Models. ILAR J 2016; 56:250-64. [PMID: 26323634 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) affects numerous human diseases, as well as rodent models for these. We will review this impact and summarize ways to handle this challenge in animal research. The GM is complex, with the largest fractions being the gram-positive phylum Firmicutes and the gram-negative phylum Bacteroidetes. Other important phyla are the gram-negative phyla Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, and the gram-positive phylum Actinobacteria. GM members influence models for diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, allergies, autoimmunity, cancer, and neuropsychiatric diseases. GM characterization of all individual animals and incorporation of their GM composition in data evaluation may therefore be considered in future protocols. Germfree isolator-housed rodents or rodents made virtually germ free by antibiotic cocktails can be used to study diverse microbial influences on disease expression. Through subsequent inoculation with selected strains or cocktails of microbes, new "defined flora" models can yield valuable knowledge on the impact of the GM, and of specific GM members and their interactions, on important disease phenotypes and mechanisms. Rodent husbandry and microbial quality assurance practices will be important to ensure and confirm appropriate and research relevant GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kornerup Hansen
- Axel Kornerup Hansen, DVM, DVsc, DipECLAM, Professor, Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Łukasz Krych, MSc, PhD, Postdoc, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Dennis Sandris Nielsen, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Camilla Hartmann Friis Hansen, DVM, PhD, Assistant Professor, Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Łukasz Krych
- Axel Kornerup Hansen, DVM, DVsc, DipECLAM, Professor, Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Łukasz Krych, MSc, PhD, Postdoc, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Dennis Sandris Nielsen, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Camilla Hartmann Friis Hansen, DVM, PhD, Assistant Professor, Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Axel Kornerup Hansen, DVM, DVsc, DipECLAM, Professor, Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Łukasz Krych, MSc, PhD, Postdoc, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Dennis Sandris Nielsen, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Camilla Hartmann Friis Hansen, DVM, PhD, Assistant Professor, Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Camilla Hartmann Friis Hansen
- Axel Kornerup Hansen, DVM, DVsc, DipECLAM, Professor, Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Łukasz Krych, MSc, PhD, Postdoc, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Dennis Sandris Nielsen, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Camilla Hartmann Friis Hansen, DVM, PhD, Assistant Professor, Section of Experimental Animal Models, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by persistent and unresolved inflammation, with elevated proinflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines, and greater numbers of immune cells. Hyperinflammation is recognized as a leading cause of lung tissue destruction in CF. Hyper-inflammation is not solely observed in the lungs of CF patients, since it may contribute to destruction of exocrine pancreas and, likely, to defects in gastrointestinal tract tissue integrity. Paradoxically, despite the robust inflammatory response, and elevated number of immune cells (such as neutrophils and macrophages), CF lungs fail to clear bacteria and are more susceptible to infections. Here, we have summarized the current understanding of immune dysregulation in CF, which may drive hyperinflammation and impaired host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela M Bruscia
- Section of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 330 Cedar Street, FMP, Room#524, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Tracey L Bonfield
- Division of Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 0900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4948, USA.
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33
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Than BLN, Linnekamp JF, Starr TK, Largaespada DA, Rod A, Zhang Y, Bruner V, Abrahante J, Schumann A, Luczak T, Walter J, Niemczyk A, O'Sullivan MG, Medema JP, Fijneman RJA, Meijer GA, Van den Broek E, Hodges CA, Scott PM, Vermeulen L, Cormier RT. CFTR is a tumor suppressor gene in murine and human intestinal cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:4179-87. [PMID: 26751771 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CFTR, the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene, encodes for the CFTR protein that plays an essential role in anion regulation and tissue homeostasis of various epithelia. In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract CFTR promotes chloride and bicarbonate secretion, playing an essential role in ion and acid-base homeostasis. Cftr has been identified as a candidate driver gene for colorectal cancer (CRC) in several Sleeping Beauty DNA transposon-based forward genetic screens in mice. Further, recent epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that CF patients are at high risk for developing tumors in the colon. To investigate the effects of CFTR dysregulation on GI cancer, we generated Apc(Min) mice that carried an intestinal-specific knockout of Cftr. Our results indicate that Cftr is a tumor suppressor gene in the intestinal tract as Cftr mutant mice developed significantly more tumors in the colon and the entire small intestine. In Apc(+/+) mice aged to ~1 year, Cftr deficiency alone caused the development of intestinal tumors in >60% of mice. Colon organoid formation was significantly increased in organoids created from Cftr mutant mice compared with wild-type controls, suggesting a potential role of Cftr in regulating the intestinal stem cell compartment. Microarray data from the Cftr-deficient colon and the small intestine identified dysregulated genes that belong to groups of immune response, ion channel, intestinal stem cell and other growth signaling regulators. These associated clusters of genes were confirmed by pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). We also conducted RNA Seq analysis of tumors from Apc(+/+) Cftr knockout mice and identified sets of genes dysregulated in tumors including altered Wnt β-catenin target genes. Finally we analyzed expression of CFTR in early stage human CRC patients stratified by risk of recurrence and found that loss of expression of CFTR was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L N Than
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - J F Linnekamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T K Starr
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A Rod
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - V Bruner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - J Abrahante
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A Schumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - T Luczak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - J Walter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - A Niemczyk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - M G O'Sullivan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Van den Broek
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C A Hodges
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - P M Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - L Vermeulen
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R T Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
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Dong J, Jiang X, Zhang X, Liu KS, Zhang J, Chen J, Yu MK, Tsang LL, Chung YW, Wang Y, Zhou WL, Chan HC. Dynamically Regulated CFTR Expression and Its Functional Role in Cutaneous Wound Healing. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2049-58. [PMID: 25641604 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The physiological role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in keratinocytes and skin wound healing is completely unknown. The present study shows that CFTR is expressed in the multiple layers of keratinocytes in mouse epidermis and exhibits a dynamic expression pattern in a dorsal skin wound healing model, with diminishing levels observed from day 3 to day 5 and re-appearing from day 7 to day 10 after wounding. Knockdown of CFTR in cultured human keratinocytes promotes cell migration but inhibits differentiation, while overexpression of CFTR suppresses migration but enhances differentiation, indicating an important role of CFTR in regulating keratinocyte behavior. In addition, we have demonstrated a direct association of CFTR with epithelial junction formation as knockdown of CFTR downregulates the expression of adhesion molecules, such as E-cadherin, ZO-1 and β-catenin, and disrupts the formation of cell junction, while overexpression of CFTR enhances cell junction formation. More importantly, we have shown that ΔF508cftr-/- mice with defective CFTR exhibit delayed wound healing as compared to wild type mice, indicating that normal function of CFTR is critical for wound repair. Taken together, the present study has revealed a previously undefined role of CFTR in regulating skin wound healing processes, which may have implications in injury repair of other epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianda Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetic of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ningxia Medical University and Ministry of Education of China, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (Ji Nan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Kai Sheng Liu
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Jieting Zhang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Chen
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong.,Sichuan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Kuen Yu
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Lai Ling Tsang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Yiu Wa Chung
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Yanrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetic of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ningxia Medical University and Ministry of Education of China, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine (Ji Nan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China.,Sichuan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
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35
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Brune K, Frank J, Schwingshackl A, Finigan J, Sidhaye VK. Pulmonary epithelial barrier function: some new players and mechanisms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L731-45. [PMID: 25637609 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00309.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary epithelium serves as a barrier to prevent access of the inspired luminal contents to the subepithelium. In addition, the epithelium dictates the initial responses of the lung to both infectious and noninfectious stimuli. One mechanism by which the epithelium does this is by coordinating transport of diffusible molecules across the epithelial barrier, both through the cell and between cells. In this review, we will discuss a few emerging paradigms of permeability changes through altered ion transport and paracellular regulation by which the epithelium gates its response to potentially detrimental luminal stimuli. This review is a summary of talks presented during a symposium in Experimental Biology geared toward novel and less recognized methods of epithelial barrier regulation. First, we will discuss mechanisms of dynamic regulation of cell-cell contacts in the context of repetitive exposure to inhaled infectious and noninfectious insults. In the second section, we will briefly discuss mechanisms of transcellular ion homeostasis specifically focused on the role of claudins and paracellular ion-channel regulation in chronic barrier dysfunction. In the next section, we will address transcellular ion transport and highlight the role of Trek-1 in epithelial responses to lung injury. In the final section, we will outline the role of epithelial growth receptor in barrier regulation in baseline, acute lung injury, and airway disease. We will then end with a summary of mechanisms of epithelial control as well as discuss emerging paradigms of the epithelium role in shifting between a structural element that maintains tight cell-cell adhesion to a cell that initiates and participates in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Brune
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James Frank
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, and NCIRE/Veterans Health Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Andreas Schwingshackl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - James Finigan
- Division of Oncology, Cancer Center, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Venkataramana K Sidhaye
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;
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Joly Condette C, Khorsi-Cauet H, Morlière P, Zabijak L, Reygner J, Bach V, Gay-Quéheillard J. Increased gut permeability and bacterial translocation after chronic chlorpyrifos exposure in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102217. [PMID: 25019507 PMCID: PMC4096588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelium's barrier function is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and preventing the passage of food antigens and luminal bacteria. This function is essentially subserved by tight junctions (TJs), multiprotein complexes located in the most apical part of the lateral membrane. Some gastrointestinal disease states are associated with elevated intestinal permeability to macromolecules. In a study on rats, we determined the influence of chronic, daily ingestion of chlorpyrifos (CPF, a pesticide that crosses the placental barrier) during pre- and postnatal periods on intestinal permeability and TJ characteristics in the pups. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran was used as a marker of paracellular transport and mucosal barrier dysfunction. Pups were gavaged with FITC-dextran solution and blood samples were collected every 30 min for 400 min and analyzed spectrofluorimetrically. At sacrifice, different intestinal segments were resected and prepared for analysis of the transcripts (qPCR) and localization (using immunofluorescence) of ZO-1, occludin and claudins (scaffolding proteins that have a role in the constitution of TJs). In rats that had been exposed to CPF in utero and after birth, we observed a progressive increase in FITC-dextran passage across the epithelial barrier from 210 to 325 min at day 21 after birth (weaning) but not at day 60 (adulthood). At both ages, there were significant changes in intestinal TJ gene expression, with downregulation of ZO-1 and occludin and upregulation of claudins 1 and 4. In some intestinal segments, there were changes in the cellular localization of ZO-1 and claudin 4 immunostaining. Lastly, bacterial translocation to the spleen was also observed. The presence of CPF residues in food may disturb epithelial homeostasis in rats. Changes in TJ protein expression and localization may be involved in gut barrier dysfunction in this model. Uncontrolled passage of macromolecules and bacteria across the intestinal epithelium may be a risk factor for digestive inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Joly Condette
- Peritox Laboratory, EA4285 UMI01 Ineris, Faculty of Medicine, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France
| | - Hafida Khorsi-Cauet
- Peritox Laboratory, EA4285 UMI01 Ineris, Faculty of Medicine, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France
| | - Patrice Morlière
- INSERMU1088, Faculty of Medicine, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Human Biology Centre, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | | | - Julie Reygner
- Peritox Laboratory, EA4285 UMI01 Ineris, Faculty of Medicine, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France
| | - Véronique Bach
- Peritox Laboratory, EA4285 UMI01 Ineris, Faculty of Medicine, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Gay-Quéheillard
- Peritox Laboratory, EA4285 UMI01 Ineris, Faculty of Medicine, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France
- * E-mail:
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37
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Haller W, Ledder O, Lewindon PJ, Couper R, Gaskin KJ, Oliver M. Cystic fibrosis: An update for clinicians. Part 1: Nutrition and gastrointestinal complications. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1344-55. [PMID: 25587613 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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