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Xiao W, Shi J. Application of adipose-derived stem cells in ischemic heart disease: theory, potency, and advantage. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1324447. [PMID: 38312236 PMCID: PMC10834651 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1324447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) represent an innovative candidate to treat ischemic heart disease (IHD) due to their abundance, renewable sources, minor invasiveness to obtain, and no ethical limitations. Compared with other mesenchymal stem cells, ASCs have demonstrated great advantages, especially in the commercialization of stem cell-based therapy. Mechanistically, ASCs exert a cardioprotective effect not only through differentiation into functional cells but also via robust paracrine of various bioactive factors that promote angiogenesis and immunomodulation. Exosomes from ASCs also play an indispensable role in this process. However, due to the distinct biological functions of ASCs from different origins or donors with varing health statuses (such as aging, diabetes, or atherosclerosis), the heterogeneity of ASCs deserves more attention. This prompts scientists to select optimal donors for clinical applications. In addition, to overcome the primary obstacle of poor retention and low survival after transplantation, a variety of studies have been dedicated to the engineering of ASCs with biomaterials. Besides, clinical trials have confirmed the safety and efficacy of ASCs therapy in the context of heart failure or myocardial infarction. This article reviews the theory, efficacy, and advantages of ASCs-based therapy, the factors affecting ASCs function, heterogeneity, engineering strategies and clinical application of ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital and Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Liguori TTA, Liguori GR, Moreira LFP, Harmsen MC. Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells' conditioned medium modulates endothelial-mesenchymal transition induced by IL-1β/TGF-β2 but does not restore endothelial function. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12629. [PMID: 31468648 PMCID: PMC6869467 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Endothelial cells undergo TGF‐β–driven endothelial‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT), representing up to 25% of cardiac myofibroblasts in ischaemic hearts. Previous research showed that conditioned medium of adipose tissue–derived stromal cells (ASC‐CMed) blocks the activation of fibroblasts into fibrotic myofibroblasts. We tested the hypothesis that ASC‐CMed abrogates EndMT and prevents the formation of adverse myofibroblasts. Materials and methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with IL‐1β and TGF‐β2 to induce EndMT, and the influence of ASC‐CMed was assessed. As controls, non‐treated HUVEC or HUVEC treated only with IL‐1β in the absence or presence of ASC‐CMed were used. Gene expression of inflammatory, endothelial, mesenchymal and extracellular matrix markers, transcription factors and cell receptors was analysed by RT‐qPCR. The protein expression of endothelial and mesenchymal markers was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting. Endothelial cell function was measured by sprouting assay. Results IL‐1β/TGF‐β2 treatment induced EndMT, as evidenced by the change in HUVEC morphology and an increase in mesenchymal markers. ASC‐CMed blocked the EndMT‐related fibrotic processes, as observed by reduced expression of mesenchymal markers TAGLN (P = 0.0008) and CNN1 (P = 0.0573), as well as SM22α (P = 0.0501). The angiogenesis potential was impaired in HUVEC undergoing EndMT and could not be restored by ASC‐CMed. Conclusions We demonstrated that ASC‐CMed reduces IL‐1β/TGF‐β2‐induced EndMT as observed by the loss of mesenchymal markers. The present study supports the anti‐fibrotic effects of ASC‐CMed through the modulation of the EndMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tácia Tavares Aquinas Liguori
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Romero Liguori
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luiz Felipe Pinho Moreira
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Conrad Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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van Dongen JA, Harmsen MC, Stevens HP. Isolation of Stromal Vascular Fraction by Fractionation of Adipose Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1993:91-103. [PMID: 31148081 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9473-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are a promising candidates for cellular therapy in the field of regenerative medicine. ASCs are multipotent mesenchymal stem cell-like and reside in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue with the capacity to secrete a plethora of pro-regenerative growth factors. Future applications of ASCs may be restricted through (trans)national governmental policies that do not allow for use of nonhuman-derived (non-autologous) enzymes to isolate ASC. Besides, enzymatic isolation procedures are also time consuming. To overcome this issue, nonenzymatic isolation procedures to isolate ASCs or the SVF are being developed, such as the fractionation of adipose tissue procedure (FAT). This standardized procedure to isolate the stromal vascular fraction can be performed within 10-12 min. The short procedure time allows for intraoperative isolation of 1 mL of stromal vascular fraction derived from 10 mL of centrifuged adipose tissue. The stromal vascular fraction mostly contains blood vessels, extracellular matrix, and ASCs. However, based on the histological stainings an interdonor variation exists which might result in different therapeutic effects. The existing interdonor variations can be addressed by histological stainings and flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris A van Dongen
- Plastic Surgery Department, Velthuis Kliniek, 3062 MB,, K.P. van der Mandelelaan 10, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hieronymus P Stevens
- Plastic Surgery Department, Velthuis Kliniek, 3062 MB,, K.P. van der Mandelelaan 10, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Liguori TTA, Liguori GR, Moreira LFP, Harmsen MC. Fibroblast growth factor-2, but not the adipose tissue-derived stromal cells secretome, inhibits TGF-β1-induced differentiation of human cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16633. [PMID: 30413733 PMCID: PMC6226511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a potent inducer of fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation and contributes to the pro-fibrotic microenvironment during cardiac remodeling. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a growth factor secreted by adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASC) which can antagonize TGF-β1 signaling. We hypothesized that TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation is abrogated by FGF-2 and ASC conditioned medium (ASC-CMed). Our experiments demonstrated that TGF-β1 treatment-induced cardiac fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts, as evidenced by the formation of contractile stress fibers rich in αSMA. FGF-2 blocked the differentiation, as evidenced by the reduction in gene (TAGLN, p < 0.0001; ACTA2, p = 0.0056) and protein (αSMA, p = 0.0338) expression of mesenchymal markers and extracellular matrix components gene expression (COL1A1, p < 0.0001; COL3A1, p = 0.0029). ASC-CMed did not block myofibroblast differentiation. The treatment with FGF-2 increased matrix metalloproteinases gene expression (MMP1, p < 0.0001; MMP14, p = 0.0027) and decreased the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase gene TIMP2 (p = 0.0023). ASC-CMed did not influence these genes. The proliferation of TGF-β1-induced human cardiac fibroblasts was restored by both FGF-2 (p = 0.0002) and ASC-CMed (p = 0.0121). The present study supports the anti-fibrotic effects of FGF-2 through the blockage of cardiac fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts. ASC-CMed, however, did not replicate the anti-fibrotic effects of FGF-2 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tácia Tavares Aquinas Liguori
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Romero Liguori
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luiz Felipe Pinho Moreira
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação (LIM-11), Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martin Conrad Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Human Adipose Stromal Cells Increase Survival and Mesenteric Perfusion Following Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. Shock 2018; 46:75-82. [PMID: 26796571 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal ischemia can quickly escalate to bowel necrosis and perforation. Transplantation of stem cells presents a novel treatment modality for this problem. We hypothesized that: human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) would increase survival and mesenteric perfusion to a greater degree compared with differentiated cellular controls following ischemic intestinal injury, and improved outcomes with hASC therapy would be associated with preservation of intestinal histological and tight junction architecture, and lower levels of systemic inflammation following intestinal injury. METHODS hASCs and keratinocytes (differentiated cellular control) were cultured on polystyrene flasks at 37°C in 5% CO2 in air. Adult male C57Bl6J mice were anesthetized and a midline laparotomy performed. The intestines were eviscerated, the small bowel mesenteric root identified, and intestinal ischemia was established by temporarily occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min with a noncrushing vascular clamp. Following ischemia, the clamp was removed, and the intestines were returned to the abdominal cavity. Before abdominal closure, 2 million hASCs or keratinocytes in 250 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (carrier for cells and control solution) were infused into the peritoneum. Animals were allowed to recover for 12 or 24 h (perfusion, histology, cytokine, and immunofluoresence studies), or 7 days (survival studies). Intestinal perfusion was assessed by laser Doppler imaging. Intestinal tissue segments were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as antibodies for the tight junction protein claudin-1. Separate aliquots of intestine, liver, and lung tissue were homogenized and assessed for inflammatory cytokines via multiplex beaded assay. RESULTS Animals administered hASCs following intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury had significantly greater 7-day survival and better postischemic recovery of mesenteric perfusion compared with vehicle or keratinocyte therapy. hASCs also abated intestinal mucosal destruction, facilitated preservation of intestinal tight junctions, and decreased the systemic inflammatory response to injury. CONCLUSIONS Human adipose-derived stromal cells improved survival and mesenteric perfusion and attenuated the mucosal damage associated with intestinal I/R injury. hASCs should be considered as a plausible cell source for novel cellular treatment plans following intestinal ischemia.
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Jiang YY, Hou HT, Yang Q, Liu XC, He GW. Chloride Channels are Involved in the Development of Atrial Fibrillation - A Transcriptomic and proteomic Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10215. [PMID: 28860555 PMCID: PMC5579191 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10590-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical and structural remodeling processes are contributors to the self-perpetuating nature of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, their correlation has not been clarified. In this study, human atrial tissues from the patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease in either sinus rhythm or persistent AF were analyzed using a combined transcriptomic and proteomic approach. An up-regulation in chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) 1, 4, 5 and a rise in type IV collagen were revealed. Combined with the results from immunohistochemistry and electron microscope analysis, the distribution of type IV collagen and effects of fibrosis on myocyte membrane indicated the possible interaction between CLIC and type IV collagen, confirmed by protein structure prediction and co-immunoprecipitation. These results indicate that CLICs play an important role in the development of atrial fibrillation and that CLICs and structural type IV collagen may interact on each other to promote the development of AF in rheumatic mitral valve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yao Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, & Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University & Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Tao Hou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, & Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, & Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, & Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Wei He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery & Center for Basic Medical Research, TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, & Nankai University, Tianjin, China. .,The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University & Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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Hanes DW, Wong ML, Jenny Chang CW, Humphrey S, Grayson JK, Boyd WD, Griffiths LG. Embolization of the first diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery as a porcine model of chronic trans-mural myocardial infarction. J Transl Med 2015; 13:187. [PMID: 26047812 PMCID: PMC4634919 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the incidence of acute death related to coronary artery disease has decreased with the advent of new interventional therapies, myocardial infarction remains one of the leading causes of death in the US. Current animal models developed to replicate this phenomenon have been associated with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. A new model utilizing the first diagonal branch of the left anterior descending artery (D1-LAD) was developed to provide a clinically relevant lesion, while attempting to minimize the incidence of adverse complications associated with infarct creation. Methods Eight Yucatan miniature pigs underwent percutaneous embolization of the D1-LAD via injection of 90 µm polystyrene micro-spheres. Cardiac structure and function were monitored at baseline, immediately post-operatively, and at 8-weeks post-infarct using transthoracic echocardiography. Post-mortem histopathology and biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate for changes in myocardial structure and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition respectively. Echocardiographic data were evaluated using a repeated measures analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test. Biochemical analyses of infarcted to non-infarcted myocardium were compared using analysis of variance. Results All eight pigs successfully underwent echocardiography prior to catheterization. Overall procedural survival rate was 83% (5/6) with one pig excluded due to failure of infarction and another due to deviation from protocol. Ejection fraction significantly decreased from 69.7 ± 7.8% prior to infarction to 50.6 ± 14.7% immediately post-infarction, and progressed to 48.7 ± 8.9% after 8-weeks (p = 0.011). Left ventricular diameter in systole significantly increased from 22.6 ± 3.8 mm pre-operatively to 30.9 ± 5.0 mm at 8 weeks (p = 0.016). Histopathology showed the presence of disorganized fibrosis on hematoxylin and eosin and Picro Sirius red stains. Collagen I and sulfated glycosaminoglycan content were significantly greater in the infarcted region than in normal myocardium (p = 0.007 and p = 0.018, respectively); however, pyridinoline crosslink content per collagen I content in the infarcted region was significantly less than normal myocardium (p = 0.048). Conclusion Systolic dysfunction and changes in ECM composition induced via embolization of the D1-LAD closely mimic those found in individuals with chronic myocardial infarction (MI), and represents a location visible without the need for anesthesia. As a result, this method represents a useful model for studying chronic MI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0547-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Hanes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Maelene L Wong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - C W Jenny Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Sterling Humphrey
- University of California Davis, Medical Center, 2221 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - J Kevin Grayson
- Clinical Investigation Facility, David Grant USAF Medical Center, 101 Bodin Circle, Travis AFB, CA, 94535, USA.
| | - Walter D Boyd
- University of California Davis, Medical Center, 2221 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Leigh G Griffiths
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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