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Bhat SM, Massey N, Shrestha D, Karriker LA, Jelesijević T, Wang C, Charavaryamath C. Transcriptomic and ultrastructural evidence indicate that anti-HMGB1 antibodies rescue organic dust-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:373-398. [PMID: 35244775 PMCID: PMC10155187 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to organic dust (OD) in agriculture is known to cause respiratory symptoms including loss of lung function. OD exposure activates multiple signaling pathways since it contains a variety of microbial products and particulate matter. Previously, we have shown how OD exposure leads to the secretion of HMGB1 and HMGB1-RAGE signaling, and how this can be a possible therapeutic target to reduce inflammation. Cellular mitochondria are indispensable for homeostasis and are emerging targets to curtail inflammation. Recently, we have also observed that OD exposure induces mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by loss of structural integrity and deficits in bioenergetics. However, the role of HMGB1 in OD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells remains elusive. Therefore, we aimed to study whether decreased levels of intracellular HMGB1 or antibody-mediated neutralization of secreted HMGB1 would rescue mitochondrial dysfunction. Single and repeated ODE exposure showed an elongated mitochondrial network and cristolysis whereas HMGB1 neutralization or the lack thereof promotes mitochondrial biogenesis evidenced by increased mitochondrial fragmentation, increased DRP1 expression, decreased MFN2 expression, and increased PGC1α expression. Repeated 5-day ODE exposure significantly downregulated transcripts encoding mitochondrial respiration and metabolism (ATP synthase, NADUF, and UQCR) as well as glucose uptake. This was reversed by the antibody-mediated neutralization of HMGB1. Our results support our hypothesis that, in NHBE cells, neutralization of ODE-induced HMGB1 secretion rescues OD-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Mahadev Bhat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nyzil Massey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Denusha Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Locke A Karriker
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Tomislav Jelesijević
- Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Shrestha D, Massey N, Bhat SM, Jelesijević T, Sahin O, Zhang Q, Bailey KL, Poole JA, Charavaryamath C. Nrf2 Activation Protects Against Organic Dust and Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure Induced Epithelial Barrier Loss and K. pneumoniae Invasion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:848773. [PMID: 35521223 PMCID: PMC9062039 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.848773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture workers report various respiratory symptoms owing to occupational exposure to organic dust (OD) and various gases. Previously, we demonstrated that pre-exposure to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) alters the host response to OD and induces oxidative stress. Nrf2 is a master-regulator of host antioxidant response and exposures to toxicants is known to reduce Nrf2 activity. The OD exposure-induced lung inflammation is known to increase susceptibility to a secondary microbial infection. We tested the hypothesis that repeated exposure to OD or H2S leads to loss of Nrf2, loss of epithelial cell integrity and that activation of Nrf2 rescues this epithelial barrier dysfunction. Primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells or mouse precision cut-lung slices (PCLS) were treated with media, swine confinement facility organic dust extract (ODE) or H2S or ODE+H2S for one or five days. Cells were also pretreated with vehicle control (DMSO) or RTA-408, a Nrf2 activator. Acute exposure to H2S and ODE+H2S altered the cell morphology, decreased the viability as per the MTT assay, and reduced the Nrf2 expression as well as increased the keap1 levels in NHBE cells. Repeated exposure to ODE or H2S or ODE+H2S induced oxidative stress and cytokine production, decreased tight junction protein occludin and cytoskeletal protein ezrin expression, disrupted epithelial integrity and resulted in increased Klebsiella pneumoniae invasion. RTA-408 (pharmacological activator of Nrf2) activated Nrf2 by decreasing keap1 levels and reduced ODE+H2S-induced changes including reversing loss of barrier integrity, inflammatory cytokine production and microbial invasion in PCLS but not in NHBE cell model. We conclude that Nrf2 activation has a partial protective function against ODE and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denusha Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Nyzil Massey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sanjana Mahadev Bhat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Tomislav Jelesijević
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kristina L. Bailey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jill A. Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Chandrashekhar Charavaryamath
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Chandrashekhar Charavaryamath,
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Massey N, Shrestha D, Bhat SM, Padhi P, Wang C, Karriker LA, Smith JD, Kanthasamy AG, Charavaryamath C. Mitoapocynin Attenuates Organic Dust Exposure-Induced Neuroinflammation and Sensory-Motor Deficits in a Mouse Model. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:817046. [PMID: 35496912 PMCID: PMC9043522 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.817046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased incidences of neuro-inflammatory diseases in the mid-western United States of America (USA) have been linked to exposure to agriculture contaminants. Organic dust (OD) is a major contaminant in the animal production industry and is central to the respiratory symptoms in the exposed individuals. However, the exposure effects on the brain remain largely unknown. OD exposure is known to induce a pro-inflammatory phenotype in microglial cells. Further, blocking cytoplasmic NOX-2 using mitoapocynin (MA) partially curtail the OD exposure effects. Therefore, using a mouse model, we tested a hypothesis that inhaled OD induces neuroinflammation and sensory-motor deficits. Mice were administered with either saline, fluorescent lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), or OD extract intranasally daily for 5 days a week for 5 weeks. The saline or OD extract-exposed mice received either a vehicle or MA (3 mg/kg) orally for 3 days/week for 5 weeks. We quantified inflammatory changes in the upper respiratory tract and brain, assessed sensory-motor changes using rotarod, open-field, and olfactory test, and quantified neurochemicals in the brain. Inhaled fluorescent LPS (FL-LPS) was detected in the nasal turbinates and olfactory bulbs. OD extract exposure induced atrophy of the olfactory epithelium with reduction in the number of nerve bundles in the nasopharyngeal meatus, loss of cilia in the upper respiratory epithelium with an increase in the number of goblet cells, and increase in the thickness of the nasal epithelium. Interestingly, OD exposure increased the expression of HMGB1, 3- nitrotyrosine (NT), IBA1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), hyperphosphorylated Tau (p-Tau), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells in the brain. Further, OD exposure decreased time to fall (rotarod), total distance traveled (open-field test), and olfactory ability (novel scent test). Oral MA partially rescued olfactory epithelial changes and gross congestion of the brain tissue. MA treatment also decreased the expression of HMGB1, 3-NT, IBA1, GFAP, and p-Tau, and significantly reversed exposure induced sensory-motor deficits. Neurochemical analysis provided an early indication of depressive behavior. Collectively, our results demonstrate that inhalation exposure to OD can cause sustained neuroinflammation and behavior deficits through lung-brain axis and that MA treatment can dampen the OD-induced inflammatory response at the level of lung and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyzil Massey
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Denusha Shrestha
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Piyush Padhi
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Chong Wang
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (VDPAM), Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Locke A. Karriker
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (VDPAM), Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jodi D. Smith
- Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Chandrashekhar Charavaryamath
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Chandrashekhar Charavaryamath ; orcid.org/0000-0002-5217-1608
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Shaikh NI, Sethi RS. Impairment of apoptosis pathway via Apaf1 downregulation during chlorpyrifos and/or cypermethrin induced lung damage. Anim Biotechnol 2021:1-8. [PMID: 34559034 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1981918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate and the cypermethrin is type 2 pyrethroid insecticide that are used for indoor and outdoor pest control. The present study aimed to investigate differential transcriptional profiling to identify the candidate gene associated with lung injury following exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or cypermethrin in a mouse model system. Swiss male albino mice (n = 24) were divided into three treatment groups (n = 6 each) that were given chlorpyrifos (2.76 mg kg-1 body weight), cypermethrin (2 mg kg-1 body weight) and the combination of both pesticides orally dissolved in corn oil and one control group (n = 6) that received corn oil for 90 days. The pulmonary expression of the Apaf1 was observed using RT2 Profiler PCR Array. The results showed that chronic exposure to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their combination downregulated (67, 63 and 66 genes) and upregulated (4, 2 and 2 genes), respectively. The pulmonary expression of Apaf1 that plays important role in apoptosis was found to be downregulated. The immunohistochemistry depicted reduced expression of Apaf1 in both airway epithelium and alveolar septa following exposure to chlorpyrifos and/or cypermethrin. In conclusion, results demonstrated that exposure to chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their combination cause lung damage by the dysregulation of Apaf1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrul I Shaikh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animals Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - R S Sethi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animals Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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Pandher U, Kirychuk S, Schneberger D, Thompson B, Aulakh G, Sethi RS, Singh B. Pulmonary inflammatory response from co-exposure to LPS and glyphosate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 86:103651. [PMID: 33812014 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural airborne work exposures are complex in nature and workplace exposures are a risk for respiratory outcomes in workers. Endotoxin and glyphosate are two common agents in agricultural exposures. While endotoxin (lipopolysaccaride, LPS) is a potent inflammatory agent it explains only a portion of the respiratory inflammatory response. The inflammatory potential when LPS is presented with another common agricultural respiratory agent, glyphosate, is not known. METHODS Mice were assigned to four treatment groups: control, LPS alone, glyphosate alone, glyphosate and LPS combined. Treatments were for 1, 5 or 10 days. RESULTS Five days of repeated exposure to the comintation of LPS and glyphosate resulted in higher neutrophil counts, myloperoxidase, TNF-α, IL-6, KC levels, and ICAM-1 and TLR-2 expression compared to the same length of treatment to LPS or glyphosate alone. After 10-days of exposure, inflammatory responses decreased, however leukocyte infiltration persisted along with increases in IL-4. CONCLUSIONS Glyphosate exposure modified LPS induced lung inflammatory responses and TLR-2 may be important in the modulated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upkardeep Pandher
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, P.O. Box 23, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Shelley Kirychuk
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, P.O. Box 23, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - David Schneberger
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, P.O. Box 23, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Brooke Thompson
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, P.O. Box 23, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Aulakh
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - R S Sethi
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Baljit Singh
- University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4, Canada
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Kaur G, Kumar BVS, Singh B, Sethi RS. Exposures to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid with or without endotoxin upregulate small cell lung cancer pathway. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:14. [PMID: 33865415 PMCID: PMC8052721 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-021-00304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pesticide residues in food and environment along with airborne contaminants such as endotoxins pose health risk. Although herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has been associated with increased risk of lung cancers such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC) among agricultural workers, there are no data on the SCLC signaling pathway upon 2,4-D exposure without LPS or in combination with endotoxin. Methods We exposed Swiss albino mice (N = 48) orally to high (9.58 mg kg− 1) and low (5.12 mg kg− 1) dosages of 2,4-D dissolved in corn oil for 90 days followed by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or normal saline solution (80 μl/animal). Lung samples and broncho-alveolar fluid (BALF) were subjected to Total histological score (THS) and total leucocyte count (TLC) and differential leucocytes count (DLC) analyses, respectively. We used microarray and bioinformatics tools for transcriptomic analyses and differentially expressed genes were analyzed to predict the top canonical pathways followed by validation of selected genes by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Total histological score (THS) along with BALF analyses showed lung inflammation following long term dietary exposure to high or low doses of 2,4-D individually or in combination with LPS. Microarray analysis revealed exposure to high dose of 2,4-D without or with LPS upregulated 2178 and 2142 and downregulated 1965 and 1719 genes, respectively (p < 0.05; minimum cut off 1.5 log fold change). The low dose without or with LPS upregulated 2133 and 2054 and downregulated 1838 and 1625 genes, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed SCLC as topmost dysregulated pathway along with differential expression of Itgb1, NF-κB1, p53, Cdk6 and Apaf1. Immunohistological and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses also supported the transcriptomic data. Conclusions Taken together, the data show exposures to high and low dose of 2,4-D with/without LPS induced lung inflammation and altered pulmonary transcriptome profile with the involvement of the SCLC pathway. The data from the study provide the insights of the potential damage on lungs caused by 2,4-D and help to better understand the mechanism of this complex relation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12995-021-00304-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Kaur
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - B V Sunil Kumar
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Baljit Singh
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - R S Sethi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
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Organic dust exposure induces stress response and mitochondrial dysfunction in monocytic cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 155:699-718. [PMID: 33755775 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-01978-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to airborne organic dust (OD), rich in microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), is shown to induce lung inflammation. A common manifestation in lung inflammation is altered mitochondrial structure and bioenergetics that regulate mitochondrial ROS (mROS) and feed a vicious cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in other airway diseases is well known. However, whether OD exposure induces mitochondrial dysfunction remains elusive. Therefore, we tested a hypothesis that organic dust extract (ODE) exposure induces mitochondrial stress using a human monocytic cell line (THP1). We examined whether co-exposure to ethyl pyruvate (EP) or mitoapocynin (MA) could rescue ODE exposure induced mitochondrial changes. Transmission electron micrographs showed significant differences in cellular and organelle morphology upon ODE exposure. ODE exposure with and without EP co-treatment increased the mtDNA leakage into the cytosol. Next, ODE exposure increased PINK1, Parkin, cytoplasmic cytochrome c levels, and reduced mitochondrial mass and cell viability, indicating mitophagy. MA treatment was partially protective by decreasing Parkin expression, mtDNA and cytochrome c release and increasing cell viability.
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Shrestha D, Bhat SM, Massey N, Santana Maldonado C, Rumbeiha WK, Charavaryamath C. Pre-exposure to hydrogen sulfide modulates the innate inflammatory response to organic dust. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:129-148. [PMID: 33409657 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03333-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Animal production units produce and store many contaminants on-site, including organic dust (OD) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Workers in these settings report various respiratory disease symptoms. Both OD and H2S have shown to induce lung inflammation. However, impact of co-exposure to both H2S and OD has not been investigated. Therefore, we tested a hypothesis that pre-exposure to H2S modulates the innate inflammatory response of the lungs to organic dust. In a mouse model of H2S and organic dust extract (ODE) exposure, we assessed lung inflammation quantitatively. We exposed human airway epithelial and monocytic cells to medium or H2S alone or H2S followed by ODE and measured cell viability, oxidative stress, and other markers of inflammation. Exposure to 10 ppm H2S followed by ODE increased the lavage fluid leukocytes. However, exposure to 10 ppm H2S alone resulted in changes in tight junction proteins, an increase in mRNA levels of tlr2 and tlr4 as well as ncf1, ncf4, hif1α, and nrf2. H2S alone or H2S and ODE exposure decreased cell viability and increased reactive nitrogen species production. ODE exposure increased the transcripts of tlr2 and tlr4 in both in vitro and in vivo models, whereas increased nfkbp65 transcripts following exposure to ODE and H2S was seen only in in vitro model. H2S alone and H2S followed by ODE exposure increased the levels of IL-1β. We conclude that pre-exposure to H2S modulates lung innate inflammatory response to ODE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denusha Shrestha
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Sanjana Mahadev Bhat
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Immunobiology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Nyzil Massey
- Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | | | - Wilson K Rumbeiha
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Verma G, Sethi RS. Study of ethion and lipopolysaccharide interaction on lung in a mouse model. Lab Anim Res 2020; 36:22. [PMID: 32742976 PMCID: PMC7390112 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethion is an organophosphate used commonly in India despite being banned in many other countries. The present study was designed to study the interaction of ethion and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) together on lung after single low dose ethion exposure. Mice (n = 20) were alienated into control and treatment groups (n = 10 each). The treatment group was orally fed ethion (8 mg/kg/animal/day) dissolved in corn oil. The animals (n = 5 each) from both the groups were challenged with 80 μg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intranasally and the remaining animals (n = 5 each) were administered normal saline solution after 24 h. Ethion along with LPS induced lung inflammation as indicated by increased neutrophils and total leukocyte count (TLC) in broncheoalveolar lavage fluid. Ethion induced histomorphological alterations in lung as shown by increased pulmonary inflammation score in histopathology. Real time PCR analysis showed that ethion followed by LPS resulted significant (p < 0.05) increase in pulmonary Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 (48.53 fold), interleukin (IL)-1β (7.05 fold) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (5.74 fold) mRNA expression. LPS co-exposure suggested synergistic effect on TLR4 and TNF-α mRNA expression. Ethion alone or in combination with LPS resulted genotoxicity in blood cells as detected by comet assay. The data suggested single dietary ethion exposure alone or in conjunction with LPS causes lung inflammation and genotoxicity in blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Verma
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - R S Sethi
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
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Massey N, Puttachary S, Bhat SM, Kanthasamy AG, Charavaryamath C. HMGB1-RAGE Signaling Plays a Role in Organic Dust-Induced Microglial Activation and Neuroinflammation. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:579-592. [PMID: 30859215 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to contaminants in agriculture and other industries is known to cause significant respiratory ailments. The effect of organic dust on lung inflammation and tissue remodeling has been actively investigated over many years but the adverse effect of organic dust-exposure on the central vital organ brain is beginning to emerge. Brain microglial cells are a major driver of neuroinflammation upon exposure to danger signals. Therefore, we tested a hypothesis that organic dust-exposure of microglial cells induces microglial cell activation and inflammation through HMGB1-RAGE signaling. Mouse microglial cells were exposed to organic dust extract showed a time-dependent increase in cytoplasmic translocation of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from the nucleus, increased expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and activation of Iba1 as compared to control cells. Organic dust also induced reactive oxygen species generation, NF-κB activation, and proinflammatory cytokine release. To establish a functional relevance of HMGB1-RAGE activation in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, we used both pharmacological and genetic approaches involving HMGB1 translocation inhibitor ethyl pyruvate (EP), anti-HMGB1 siRNA, and NOX-inhibitor mitoapocynin. Interestingly, EP effectively reduced HMGB1 nucleocytoplasmic translocation and RAGE expression along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and TNF-α and IL-6 production but not NF-κB activation. HMGB1 knockdown by siRNA also reduced both ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and IL-6 levels but not TNF-α. NOX2 inhibitor mitoapocynin significantly reduced RNS levels. Collectively, our results demonstrate that organic dust activates HMGB1-RAGE signaling axis to induce a neuroinflammatory response in microglia and that attenuation of HMGB1-RAGE activation by EP and mitoapocynin treatments or genetic knockdown can dampen the neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyzil Massey
- *Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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GEETIKA GEETIKA, SODHI SS, MUKHOPADHYAY CS, RAMNEEK RAMNEEK, SETHI RS. Pulmonary expression of MYCN mRNA following exposure to 2,4-D with or without endotoxin challenge. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i11.95863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to observe the expression of MYCN in lungs of mice following chronic exposure of 2,4-D with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 2,4-D was administered orally dissolved in corn oil at high and low dose (1/10th and 1/20th of LD50) for 90 days. After 90 days of exposure, animals from each group were challenged with LPS/normal saline solution at 80 μg/animal. The lung tissues were processed for microarray and real time studies. LPS resulted decrease (–0.173 fold) in m-RNA expression level of MYCN as compared to control, while High dose of 2,4-D alone and in combination with LPS resulted 0.949-fold change and 1.656-fold change increase in expression of MYCN m-RNA, respectively, as compared to control. Similarly, Low dose of 2,4-D alone or in combination with LPS also altered MYCN expression. The microarray data when validated by Real Time PCR was found to be in concordance with the Real Time PCR data. The data taken together suggest that, high and low exposure of 2,4-D alone or in combination with LPS alters expression of MYCN at m-RNA level.
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Kaur G, Sethi RS. Multiple exposures to poultry barn air and lipopolysaccharide synergistically increase the pulmonary expression of TLR-4 and IL-1β. J Occup Health 2019; 62:e12094. [PMID: 31657105 PMCID: PMC6970387 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Poultry farm workers are exposed to barn air and suffer from various respiratory disorders. Due to frequent prevalence of endotoxin in the farm settings workers can get co‐exposed to barn air and endotoxin. The study was aimed to explore the pulmonary damage following long‐term multiple exposures to poultry barn air with or without endotoxin. Methods We studied the pulmonary expression of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) by exposing Swiss albino mice to poultry barn air for 6 days (Monday‐Saturday) in a week for 5 and 10 weeks. At the end of exposure, animals were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or normal saline solution @80 μg/mouse intranasally. Histopathology, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and blood analysis were used to characterize lung damage. mRNA and protein expression of TLR4 and IL‐1β were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results Histopathology along with TLC and DLC of blood and BAL fluid revealed lung damage following multiple exposures and damage was severe in combination with LPS. Exposures altered mRNA and protein expression of TLR‐4 and IL‐1β and the expression was more marked following 30 days of exposure. Further LPS co‐challenge showed a synergistic effect on the expression of TLR4 and IL‐1β. Conclusions The data suggest that long‐term exposures with or without LPS caused lung damage and altered the pulmonary expression of TLR4 and IL‐1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaganpreet Kaur
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ram Saran Sethi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Bhat SM, Massey N, Karriker LA, Singh B, Charavaryamath C. Ethyl pyruvate reduces organic dust-induced airway inflammation by targeting HMGB1-RAGE signaling. Respir Res 2019; 20:27. [PMID: 30728013 PMCID: PMC6364446 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal production workers are persistently exposed to organic dust and can suffer from a variety of respiratory disease symptoms and annual decline in lung function. The role of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in inflammatory airway diseases is emerging. Hence, we tested a hypothesis that organic dust exposure of airway epithelial cells induces nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 and blocking this translocation dampens organic dust-induced lung inflammation. METHODS Rats were exposed to either ambient air or swine barn (8 h/day for either 1, 5, or 20 days) and lung tissues were processed for immunohistochemistry. Swine barn dust was collected and organic dust extract (ODE) was prepared and sterilized. Human airway epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) was exposed to either media or organic dust extract followed by treatment with media or ethyl pyruvate (EP) or anti-HMGB1 antibody. Immunoblotting, ELISA and other assays were performed at 0 (control), 6, 24 and 48 h. Data (as mean ± SEM) was analyzed using one or two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post hoc comparison test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Compared to controls, barn exposed rats showed an increase in the expression of HMGB1 in the lungs. Compared to controls, ODE exposed BEAS-2B cells showed nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1, co-localization of HMGB1 and RAGE, reactive species and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. EP treatment reduced the ODE induced nucleocytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1, HMGB1 expression in the cytoplasmic fraction, GM-CSF and IL-1β production and augmented the production of TGF-β1 and IL-10. Anti-HMGB1 treatment reduced ODE-induced NF-κB p65 expression, IL-6, ROS and RNS but augmented TGF-β1 and IL-10 levels. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1-RAGE signaling is an attractive target to abrogate OD-induced lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Mahadev Bhat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2008 Vet Med Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Nyzil Massey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2008 Vet Med Building, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Locke A. Karriker
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, 2203 Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, Iowa State university, Ames, IA USA
| | - Baljit Singh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 2500 University Dr. NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4 Canada
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Pandit AA, Gandham RK, Mukhopadhyay CS, Verma R, Sethi RS. Transcriptome analysis reveals the role of the PCP pathway in fipronil and endotoxin-induced lung damage. Respir Res 2019; 20:24. [PMID: 30709343 PMCID: PMC6359862 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ahmad Pandit
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animals Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India. National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - C S Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animals Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Ramneek Verma
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animals Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - R S Sethi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animals Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Agriculture environments contain a variety of inflammatory aerosols that may increase risk for lung inflammation and disease in exposed individuals. In addition, epidemiological studies have also identified protective effects of rural environments and farming exposures. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we will discuss recent literature published since 2016 that investigates the impact of differing agricultural exposures on respiratory health. Discussions include the impact of farming modernization, education, and personal protective equipment usage among workers, timing and duration in mediating lung health outcomes, and population studies investigating the association between exposure and risk for numerous lung diseases.
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Long-term exposures to ethion and endotoxin cause lung inflammation and induce genotoxicity in mice. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 375:493-505. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chandra D, Poole JA, Bailey KL, Staab E, Sweeter JM, DeVasure JM, Romberger DJ, Wyatt TA. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) overexpression enhances wound repair in airway epithelial cells exposed to agricultural organic dust. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:133-139. [PMID: 29793367 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1474976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Workers exposed to dusts from concentrated animal feeding operations have a high prevalence of pulmonary diseases. These exposures lead to chronic inflammation and aberrant airway remodeling. Previous work shows that activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) enhances airway epithelial wound repair while activating protein kinase C (PKC) inhibits wound repair. Hog barn dust extracts slow cell migration and wound repair via a PKC-dependent mechanism. Further, blocking nitric oxide (NO) production in bronchial epithelial cells prevents PKA activation. We hypothesized that blocking an endogenous NO inhibitor, asymmetric dimethylarginine, by overexpressing dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase mitigates the effects of hog dust extract on airway epithelial would repair. MATERIALS/METHODS We cultured primary tracheal epithelial cells in monolayers from both wild-type (WT) and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase overexpressing C57Bl/6 (DDAH1 transgenic) mice and measured wound repair using the electric cell impedance sensing system. RESULTS Wound closure in epithelial cells from WT mice occurred within 24 h in vitro. In contrast, treatment of the WT cell monolayers with 5% hog dust extract prevented significant NO-stimulated wound closure. In cells from DDAH1 transgenic mice, control wounds were repaired up to 8 h earlier than seen in WT mice. A significant enhancement of wound repair was observed in DDAH cells compared to WT cells treated with hog dust extract for 24 h. Likewise, cells from DDAH1 transgenic mice demonstrated increased NO and PKA activity and decreased hog dust extract-stimulated PKC. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Preserving the NO signal through endogenous inhibition of asymmetric dimethylarginine enhances wound repair even in the presence of dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Chandra
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Jill A Poole
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas.,b Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Elizabeth Staab
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Jenea M Sweeter
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Jane M DeVasure
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Debra J Romberger
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas.,b Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha , NE Douglas
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- a Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas.,b Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System , Omaha , NE Douglas.,c Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE Douglas
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18
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Development, remodeling and regeneration of the lung: coping with the structural and functional challenges of breathing. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 367:407-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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