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Chalençon L, Midroit M, Athanassi A, Thevenet M, Breton M, Forest J, Richard M, Didier A, Mandairon N. Age-related differences in perception and coding of attractive odorants in mice. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 137:8-18. [PMID: 38394723 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Hedonic perception deeply changes with aging, significantly impacting health and quality of life in elderly. In young adult mice, an odor hedonic signature is represented along the antero-posterior axis of olfactory bulb, and transferred to the olfactory tubercle and ventral tegmental area, promoting approach behavior. Here, we show that while the perception of unattractive odorants was unchanged in older mice (22 months), the appreciation of some but not all attractive odorants declined. Neural activity in the olfactory bulb and tubercle of older mice was consistently altered when attraction to pleasant odorants was impaired while maintained when the odorants kept their attractivity. Finally, in a self-stimulation paradigm, optogenetic stimulation of the olfactory bulb remained rewarding in older mice even without ventral tegmental area's response to the stimulation. Aging degrades behavioral and neural responses to some pleasant odorants but rewarding properties of olfactory bulb stimulation persisted, providing new insights into developing novel olfactory training strategies to elicit motivation even when the dopaminergic system is altered as observed in normal and/or neurodegenerative aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chalençon
- CNRS, UMR 5292, France; INSERM, U1028, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and neuropathology of olfactory perception Team, University Lyon1, F-69000, France
| | - Maëllie Midroit
- CNRS, UMR 5292, France; INSERM, U1028, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and neuropathology of olfactory perception Team, University Lyon1, F-69000, France
| | - Anna Athanassi
- CNRS, UMR 5292, France; INSERM, U1028, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and neuropathology of olfactory perception Team, University Lyon1, F-69000, France
| | - Marc Thevenet
- CNRS, UMR 5292, France; INSERM, U1028, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and neuropathology of olfactory perception Team, University Lyon1, F-69000, France
| | - Marine Breton
- CNRS, UMR 5292, France; INSERM, U1028, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and neuropathology of olfactory perception Team, University Lyon1, F-69000, France
| | - Jérémy Forest
- CNRS, UMR 5292, France; INSERM, U1028, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and neuropathology of olfactory perception Team, University Lyon1, F-69000, France
| | - Marion Richard
- CNRS, UMR 5292, France; INSERM, U1028, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and neuropathology of olfactory perception Team, University Lyon1, F-69000, France
| | - Anne Didier
- CNRS, UMR 5292, France; INSERM, U1028, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and neuropathology of olfactory perception Team, University Lyon1, F-69000, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Nathalie Mandairon
- CNRS, UMR 5292, France; INSERM, U1028, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity and neuropathology of olfactory perception Team, University Lyon1, F-69000, France.
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López M, Dwyer DM, Gasalla P, Begega A, Jove C. Odor-taste pairings lead to the acquisition of negative hedonic qualities by the odor in aversion learning. Physiol Behav 2023; 269:114269. [PMID: 37328020 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Three experiments examined the affective responses conditioned to an odorous stimulus in the taste-mediated odor aversion learning paradigm. Experiment 1 analyzed the microstructure of licking behavior during voluntary consumption. Before conditioning, water-deprived rats had access to a bottle containing either a tasteless odor (0.01% amyl acetate) diluted in water or mixed with 0.05% saccharin. Next, the rats were injected with either LiCl or saline immediately after drinking saccharin. At test, they received the odor and taste solutions on separate days. Lick cluster size was used as a direct measure of the hedonic response to the odor cue. Rats receiving odor-taste pairings prior to the saccharin devaluation showed both lower consumption and lick cluster size, reflecting a reduced hedonic evaluation of the odor. Experiments 2a and 2b used the orofacial reactivity method. After pretraining in the drinking boxes with the odor alone or mixed with saccharin, the rats were intraorally infused with saccharin before injection with LiCl or saline. At test, they were infused in separate sessions with the odor and taste and their orofacial reactions video recorded. There were increased aversive orofacial responses to the odor in rats that had prior odor-taste experience, a result indicating a negative hedonic evaluation of the odor. These results provide evidence of conditioned changes in affective value of odor cues through taste-mediated learning and are consistent with the idea that odor-taste pairings lead to the acquisition of taste qualities by the odor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías López
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Dominic M Dwyer
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - P Gasalla
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Azucena Begega
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claudia Jove
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Chalençon L, Thevenet M, Noury N, Bensafi M, Mandairon N. Identification of new behavioral parameters to assess odorant hedonic value in humans: A naturalistic approach. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 366:109422. [PMID: 34826503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When you smell an odorant, your first reaction will certainly be either I like it or I dislike it. This primary reaction is a reflection of what is called the "hedonic value" of the odor. Very often, this hedonic value dominates the olfactory percept, more than olfactory identification or intensity. This component of olfactory perception is of primary importance for guiding behavior: avoiding danger (the smell of smoke, gas, etc.), consuming food, or seduction. Olfactory hedonics can be assessed using a large number of methods in humans, including psychophysical measures, autonomic responses, measurement of facial expressions or peripheral nervous activity. All of these techniques have their limitations: subjectivity, invasiveness, need for expertise, etc. A NEW METHOD: The olfactory system is closely linked to the reward system, the role of which is to mediate motivated behavior. In this context, we propose that the capacity odorants have of recruiting the reward system and thus inducing motivated behavior can be used to identify new behavioral parameters to assess odor hedonic value in humans. RESULTS We recorded freely moving human participants exploring odors emanating from flasks, and showed that five parameters linked to motivated behavior were closely linked to odor hedonics: speed of approach to the nose and withdrawal of the flask containing the odorant, distance between flask and nose, number of samplings, and withdrawal distance (maximal distance between nose and flask after odor sampling). CONCLUSIONS We highlighted new non-verbal and non-invasive parameters to evaluate olfactory hedonics in humans based on the assessment of odor-motivated behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chalençon
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neurobiology and Plasticity of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon1, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France; INSERM, U1028 CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France; Neurobiology and Plasticity of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon1, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France
| | - Marc Thevenet
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neurobiology and Plasticity of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon1, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France; INSERM, U1028 CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France; Neurobiology and Plasticity of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon1, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France
| | - Norbert Noury
- Institute Nanotechnology Lyon, Biomedical Sensors Group, University of Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5270, Villeurbanne F-69621, France
| | - Moustafa Bensafi
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neurobiology and Plasticity of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon1, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France; INSERM, U1028 CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France; Neurobiology and Plasticity of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon1, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France
| | - Nathalie Mandairon
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neurobiology and Plasticity of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon1, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France; INSERM, U1028 CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France; Neurobiology and Plasticity of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon1, Inserm U1028 - CNRS UMR5292, F-69000, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Sachse
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Ivan Manzini
- Department of Animal Physiology and Molecular Biomedicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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