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Müller MF, Colomer J, Serra T. Temperature-driven response reversibility and short-term quasi-acclimation of Daphnia magna. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209705. [PMID: 30576390 PMCID: PMC6303020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysing the effect water temperature has on Daphnia magna is essential in anticipating the impact climate change will have on this freshwater zooplanktonic keystone species. While many authors have followed this line of research, few have covered an extensive temperature range or complex temperature change scenarios. Global warming is mostly associated with increased extreme temperature events, such as heat waves, as well as earlier and more intense thermal stratification. Both of these events may directly influence D. magna fitness, especially in those populations performing diel vertical migration (DVM). We analysed the effect water temperatures, ranging from 11 to 29°C, have on the filtration capacity (FC) of D. magna, to anticipate the effects of acclimation, temperature change rate (TCR) and potential reversibility of responses to such conditions. Results show that sudden temperature changes have an immediate negative impact on the FC of D. magna and is more severe at higher temperatures and higher TCRs. However, D. magna individuals have shown themselves to be capable of quasi-acclimating to temperatures ranging from 11 to 25°C in around a week and achieving much higher FCs; albeit never reaching the optimal FC achieved at 20°C. That said, 29°C is lethal for D. magna individuals within approximately five days. Finally, non-optimal temperature acclimated individuals can recover maximal FC within 2–4 days of the optimal long-term acclimation temperature (20°C) being re-established, thus proving temperature responses to be reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara F. Müller
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Colomer
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Teresa Serra
- Department of Physics, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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The establishment of hybrids of the Daphnia longispina complex explained by a mathematical model incorporating different overwintering life history strategies. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200802. [PMID: 30024954 PMCID: PMC6053184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization (i.e. mating between species) occurs frequently in animals. Among cyclical parthenogens, hybrids can proliferate and establish through parthenogenetic reproduction, even if their sexual reproduction is impaired. In water fleas of the Daphnia longispina species complex, interspecific hybrids hatch from sexually produced dormant eggs. However, fewer hybrid genotypes contribute to the dormant egg bank and their hatching rate from dormant eggs is reduced, compared to eggs resulting from intraspecific crosses. Therefore, Daphnia hybrids would benefit from adaptations that increase their survival over winter as parthenogenetic lineages, avoiding the need to re-establish populations after winter from sexually produced dormant eggs. Here, we constructed a mathematical model to examine the conditions that could explain the frequently observed establishment of hybrids in the D. longispina species complex. Specifically, we compared the outcome of hybrid and parental taxa competition given a reduced contribution of hybrids to hatchlings from the sexually produced dormant egg bank, but their increased ability to survive winter as parthenogenetic lineages. In addition, different growth rates of parental species and differences in average annual temperatures were evaluated for their influence on hybrid production and establishment. Our model shows that increased overwinter performance as parthenogenetic females can compensate for reduced success in sexual reproduction, across all tested scenarios for varying relative growth rates of parental species. This pattern holds true for lower annual temperatures, but at higher temperatures hybrids were less successful. Consequently, hybrids might become less abundant as temperatures rise due to climate change, resulting in reduced diversity and faster differentiation of the parental species.
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Rasconi S, Winter K, Kainz MJ. Temperature increase and fluctuation induce phytoplankton biodiversity loss - Evidence from a multi-seasonal mesocosm experiment. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2936-2946. [PMID: 28479993 PMCID: PMC5415537 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Global climate change scenarios predict lake water temperatures to increase up to 4°C and extreme weather events, including heat waves and large temperature fluctuations, to occur more frequently. Such changes may result in a reorganization of the plankton community structure, causing shifts in diversity and structure toward a community dominated by fewer species that are more adapted to endure warmer and irregular temperature conditions. We designed a long-term (8 months) mesocosm experiment to explore how ambient water temperature (C: control), induced increased temperature (T: +4°C), and temperature fluctuations (F: ±4°C relative to T) change phytoplankton phenology, taxonomical diversity, and community structure, and how such changes affected zooplankton abundance and composition. Synthesis. Our results show that T and F relative to C significantly decreased phytoplankton diversity. Moreover, there was a clear effect of the temperature treatments (T and F) on phytoplankton size structure that resulted in a significantly lower growth of large species (i.e., large Chlorophyta) compared to C. Decreased diversity and evenness in the T and F treatments pushed the community toward the dominance of only a few phytoplankton taxa (mainly Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta) that are better adapted to endure warmer and more irregular temperature conditions. The observed shift toward Cyanobacteria dominance may affect trophic energy transfer along the aquatic food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Rasconi
- Inter‐university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchWasserCluster Lunz – Biologische StationLunz am SeeAustria
| | - Katharina Winter
- Inter‐university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchWasserCluster Lunz – Biologische StationLunz am SeeAustria
| | - Martin J. Kainz
- Inter‐university Center for Aquatic Ecosystem ResearchWasserCluster Lunz – Biologische StationLunz am SeeAustria
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Abstract
Climate warming has been shown to advance the phenology of species. Asynchronous changes in phenology between interacting species may disrupt feeding interactions (phenological mismatch), which could have tremendous consequences for ecosystem functioning. Long-term field observations have suggested asynchronous shifts in phenology with warming, whereas experimental studies have not been conclusive. Using proxy-based modeling of three trophic levels (algae, herbivores, and fish), we .show that asynchronous changes in phenology only occur if warming is seasonally heterogeneous, but not if warming is constant throughout the year. If warming is seasonally heterogeneous, the degree and even direction of asynchrony depends on the specific seasonality of the warming. Conclusions about phenological mismatches in food web interactions may therefore produce controversial results if the analyses do not distinguish between seasonally constant and seasonal specific warming. Furthermore, our results suggest that predicting asynchrony between interacting species requires reliable warming predictions that resolve sub-seasonal time scales.
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Wojtal-Frankiewicz A, Kruk A, Frankiewicz P, Oleksińska Z, Izydorczyk K. Long-Term Patterns in the Population Dynamics of Daphnia longispina, Leptodora kindtii and Cyanobacteria in a Shallow Reservoir: A Self-Organising Map (SOM) Approach. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144109. [PMID: 26633032 PMCID: PMC4669109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of long-term patterns in the seasonal dynamics of Daphnia longispina, Leptodora kindtii and cyanobacteria is dependent upon their interactions, the water temperature and the hydrological conditions, which were all investigated between 1999 and 2008 in the lowland Sulejow Reservoir. The biomass of cyanobacteria, densities of D. longispina and L. kindtii, concentration of chlorophyll a and water temperature were assessed weekly from April to October at three sampling stations along the longitudinal reservoir axis. The retention time was calculated using data on the actual water inflow and reservoir volume. A self-organising map (SOM) was used due to high interannual variability in the studied parameters and their often non-linear relationships. Classification of the SOM output neurons into three clusters that grouped the sampling terms with similar biotic states allowed identification of the crucial abiotic factors responsible for the seasonal sequence of events: cluster CL-ExSp (extreme/spring) corresponded to hydrologically unstable cold periods (mostly spring) with extreme values and highly variable abiotic factors, which made abiotic control of the biota dominant; cluster CL-StSm (stable/summer) was associated with ordinary late spring and summer and was characterised by stable non-extreme abiotic conditions, which made biotic interactions more important; and the cluster CL-ExSm (extreme/summer), was associated with late spring/summer and characterised by thermal or hydrological extremes, which weakened the role of biotic factors. The significance of the differences between the SOM sub-clusters was verified by Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn tests. The importance of the temperature and hydrological regimes as the key plankton-regulating factors in the dam reservoir, as shown by the SOM, was confirmed by the results of canonical correlation analyses (CCA) of each cluster. The demonstrated significance of hydrology in seasonal plankton dynamics complements the widely accepted pattern proposed by the plankton succession model for lakes, the PEG (Plankton Ecology Group), and may be useful for the formulation of management decisions in dam reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Wojtal-Frankiewicz
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrzej Kruk
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Frankiewicz
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Oleksińska
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Izydorczyk
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, Polish Academy of Science, Lodz, Poland
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Maceda-Veiga A, Webster G, Canals O, Salvadó H, Weightman AJ, Cable J. Chronic effects of temperature and nitrate pollution on Daphnia magna: Is this cladoceran suitable for widespread use as a tertiary treatment? WATER RESEARCH 2015; 83:141-152. [PMID: 26143271 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Effluent clarification and disinfection are major challenges in wastewater management. The cladoceran Daphnia magna has been proposed as a cost-effective and ecosystem-friendly option to clarify and disinfect secondary effluents, but its efficacy has not been fully tested under different sewage conditions. The present study explores the effects of temperature and nitrate on the efficacy of D. magna as a tertiary treatment at two different scales (individual assays and microcosms). Individual assays were employed to determine direct effects of temperature and/or nitrate on D. magna cultured in a suspension of organic matter. Using microcosms under the same environmental conditions, we explored the clearing efficacy of D. magna interacting with a natural microbial community. Individual assays revealed that D. magna mortality increased by 17% at 26 °C, 21% at >250 mg NO3(-)/l and by 60% at 26 °C and at >250 mg NO3(-)/l, and individuals displayed reduced body size, filtering rates and fecundity when compared to those at 21 °C and <40 mg NO3(-)/l. Improved performance under these conditions was also mirrored in the microcosms, with a higher density of D. magna (>100 ind/l) at 21 °C and <40 mg NO3(-)/l compared to the number (0-21 ind/l) at 26 °C and/or >250 mg NO3(-)/l. In the microcosms at 21 °C and <40 mg NO3(-)/l, turbidity and the density of bacteria, protists and micro-metazoa decreased in relation to those at 26 °C and/or >250 mg NO3(-)/l. Each treatment developed a unique and characteristic microbial assemblage, and D. magna was identified as the major driver of the community structure of protists and micro-metazoa. This enabled us to determine taxa vulnerability to D. magna grazing, and to re-define their tolerance thresholds for nitrate. In conclusion, this study increases our knowledge of how microbes respond to temperature and nitrate pollution, and highlights that D. magna efficacy as a tertiary treatment can be seriously compromised by variable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gordon Webster
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Oriol Canals
- Laboratory of Protistology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Humbert Salvadó
- Laboratory of Protistology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jo Cable
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
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Thackeray SJ, Henrys PA, Feuchtmayr H, Jones ID, Maberly SC, Winfield IJ. Food web de-synchronization in England's largest lake: an assessment based on multiple phenological metrics. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2013; 19:3568-80. [PMID: 23868351 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phenological changes have been observed globally for marine, freshwater and terrestrial species, and are an important element of the global biological 'fingerprint' of climate change. Differences in rates of change could desynchronize seasonal species interactions within a food web, threatening ecosystem functioning. Quantification of this risk is hampered by the rarity of long-term data for multiple interacting species from the same ecosystem and by the diversity of possible phenological metrics, which vary in their ecological relevance to food web interactions. We compare phenological change for phytoplankton (chlorophyll a), zooplankton (Daphnia) and fish (perch, Perca fluviatilis) in two basins of Windermere over 40 years and determine whether change has differed among trophic levels, while explicitly accounting for among-metric differences in rates of change. Though rates of change differed markedly among the nine metrics used, seasonal events shifted earlier for all metrics and trophic levels: zooplankton advanced most, and fish least, rapidly. Evidence of altered synchrony was found in both lake basins, when combining information from all phenological metrics. However, comparisons based on single metrics did not consistently detect this signal. A multimetric approach showed that across trophic levels, earlier phenological events have been associated with increasing water temperature. However, for phytoplankton and zooplankton, phenological change was also associated with changes in resource availability. Lower silicate, and higher phosphorus, concentrations were associated with earlier phytoplankton growth, and earlier phytoplankton growth was associated with earlier zooplankton growth. The developing trophic mismatch detected between the dominant fish species in Windermere and important zooplankton food resources may ultimately affect fish survival and portend significant impacts upon ecosystem functioning. We advocate that future studies on phenological synchrony combine data from multiple phenological metrics, to increase confidence in assessments of change and likely ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
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Brandão LPM, Fajardo T, Eskinazi-Sant'anna E, Brito S, Maia-Barbosa P. Fluctuations of the population of Daphnia laevis Birge 1878: a six-year study in a tropical lake. BRAZ J BIOL 2012; 72:479-87. [PMID: 22990818 DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842012000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluctuation of the population of Daphnia laevis in Lake Jacaré (Middle River Doce, Minas Gerais) was monitored monthly (at one point in the limnetic region) for six years (2002-2007) as part of the Program of Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER/UFMG). The following parameters were also monitored: water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, phosphate, total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and densities of Chaoborus and ephippia of Daphnia laevis in the sediment. A seasonal pattern was observed in the fluctuation of D. laevis, with higher densities recorded during periods of circulation (May-August). A significant correlation was found between the density of D. laevis and temperature (r = -0.47, p = 0.0001), chlorophyll-a (r = -0.32, p = 0.016) and indicators of the lake's trophic status (total phosphorus, r = 0.32, p = 0.007 and trophic state, r = 0.36, p = 0.003), as well as Chaoborus density (r = 0.43 and p = 0.002). These results indicate that changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of the water related with stratification and circulation of the lake may have a direct (temperature, total phosphorous) or an indirect (food availability, presence of predators, ephippia eclosion) influence on the fluctuation of the D. laevis population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P M Brandão
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Straile D, Adrian R, Schindler DE. Uniform temperature dependency in the phenology of a keystone herbivore in lakes of the Northern Hemisphere. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45497. [PMID: 23071520 PMCID: PMC3465311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spring phenologies are advancing in many ecosystems associated with climate warming causing unpredictable changes in ecosystem functioning. Here we establish a phenological model for Daphnia, an aquatic keystone herbivore based on decadal data on water temperatures and the timing of Daphnia population maxima from Lake Constance, a large European lake. We tested this model with long-term time-series data from two lakes (Müggelsee, Germany; Lake Washington, USA), and with observations from a diverse set of 49 lakes/sites distributed widely across the Northern Hemisphere (NH). The model successfully captured the observed temporal variation of Daphnia phenology in the two case study sites (r(2) = 0.25 and 0.39 for Müggelsee and Lake Washington, respectively) and large-scale spatial variation in the NH (R(2) = 0.57). These results suggest that Daphnia phenology follows a uniform temperature dependency in NH lakes. Our approach--based on temperature phenologies--has large potential to study and predict phenologies of animal and plant populations across large latitudinal gradients in other ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Straile
- Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
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Kerimoglu O, Straile D, Peeters F. Seasonal, inter-annual and long term variation in top-down versus bottom-up regulation of primary production. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Peeters F, Li J, Straile D, Rothhaupt KO, Vijverberg J. Influence of low and decreasing food levels on Daphnia-algal interactions: Numerical experiments with a new dynamic energy budget model. Ecol Modell 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Donohue I, Garcia Molinos J. Impacts of increased sediment loads on the ecology of lakes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2009; 84:517-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2009.00081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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