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Amer NR, Stoks R, Antoł A, Sniegula S. Microgeographic differentiation in thermal and antipredator responses and their carry-over effects across life stages in a damselfly. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295707. [PMID: 38394143 PMCID: PMC10889876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Global warming and invasive species, separately or combined, can impose a large impact on the condition of native species. However, we know relatively little about how these two factors, individually and in combination, shape phenotypes in ectotherms across life stages and how this can differ between populations. We investigated the non-consumptive predator effects (NCEs) imposed by native (perch) and invasive (signal crayfish) predators experienced only during the egg stage or during both the egg and larval stages in combination with warming on adult life history traits of the damselfly Ischnura elegans. To explore microgeographic differentiation, we compared two nearby populations differing in thermal conditions and predator history. In the absence of predator cues, warming positively affected damselfly survival, possibly because the warmer temperature was closer to the optimal temperature. In the presence of predator cues, warming decreased survival, indicating a synergistic effect of these two variables on survival. In one population, predator cues from perch led to increased survival, especially under the current temperature, likely because of predator stress acclimation phenomena. While warming decreased, predator cues increased larval development time with a proportionally stronger effect of signal crayfish cues experienced during the egg stage, indicating a negative carry-over effect from egg to larva. Warming and predator cues increased mass at emergence, with the predator effect driven mainly by exposure to signal crayfish cues during the egg stage, indicating a positive carry-over effect from egg to adult. Notably, warming and predator effects were not consistent across the two studied populations, suggesting a phenotypic signal of adaptation at a microgeographic scale to thermal conditions and predator history. We also observed pronounced shifts during ontogeny from synergistic (egg and early larval stage) toward additive (late larval stage up to emergence) effects between warming and predator stress. The results point out that population- and life-stage-specific responses in life-history traits to NCEs are needed to predict fitness consequences of exposure to native and invasive predators and warming in prey at a microgeographic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen R. Amer
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Robby Stoks
- Department of Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrzej Antoł
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Szymon Sniegula
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Thiriet PD, Di Franco A, Cheminée A, Mangialajo L, Guidetti P, Branthomme S, Francour P. Adaptive Vertical Positioning as Anti-Predator Behavior: The Case of a Prey Fish Cohabiting with Multiple Predatory Fish within Temperate Marine Algal Forests. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070826. [PMID: 35405816 PMCID: PMC8997029 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fish cohabiting within structurally complex habitats (e.g., coral reefs, seagrass meadows, algal forests) include abundant small-bodied prey fish and specialized piscivorous fish. Habitat structural complexity mediating fish predator–prey interactions has been shown to be an important mechanism sustaining this coexistence. However, the effect of the vertical stratification of habitat structure on predator–prey interactions remains poorly known, especially within a forest-like marine habitat, i.e., a habitat containing three vertical strata (understory, canopy and open-water). We set up tank experiments to test how such habitat vertical stratification affects predator–prey lethal and behavioral interactions, using one prey and two predator model species cohabiting in Mediterranean algal forest. We found that prey anti-predator behavior was predator-specific. When exposed to a sit-and-wait predator, the prey increased its vertical distance from the predator, regardless of the habitat structure. Conversely, when exposed to a stalk-and-attack predator, the prey sought refuge within forest structures. Prey hide motionless within the canopy, the most complex strata, while they avoid and escape from predators within the understory, which is a less complex stratum allowing for fast prey movements but still protected from predators by the canopy above. Our results suggest the crucial role of habitat vertical stratification in influencing predator–prey interactions, which should be studied in three dimensions. Abstract Prey fish cohabit with specialized predator fish within structurally complex habitats. How the vertical stratification of the habitat affects lethal and behavioral predator–prey interactions and contributes to explaining these patterns has never been investigated within a forest-like marine habitat, i.e., a habitat containing three vertical strata (understory, canopy, open-water above). We studied this in tank experiments, with a model prey (the wrasse Symphodus ocellatus) and two model predators (the stalk-and-attack comber Serranus cabrilla and the sit-and-wait scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus), which are among the most abundant prey and predators cohabiting in Mediterranean Cystoseira forests. Wrasse anti-predator behavior was predator-specific. When exposed to the scorpionfish, the wrasse increased its vertical distance from the predator, regardless of the habitat structure. Conversely, when exposed to the comber, the wrasse sought refuge within forest structures: (1) the canopy provides more hiding opportunities due to its high complexity, and (2) the understory provides more escape/avoidance opportunities due to (a) its low complexity that allows for fast prey movements, and (b) the presence of the canopy above that limits the comber’s access to the understory. Our results suggest that habitat vertical stratification mediates predator–prey interactions and potentially promotes the co-existence of prey and multiple predators within marine forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D. Thiriet
- PatriNat (UAR OFB–CNRS–MNHN), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle—Station Marine de Dinard, 38 rue de Port-Blanc, 35801 Dinard, France
- UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, Parc Valrose, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (A.C.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Di Franco
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Center, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (Complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Adrien Cheminée
- UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, Parc Valrose, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (A.C.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (P.F.)
- Septentrion Environnement, Campus Nature Provence, Lycée Professionnel Agricole des Calanques, 89 Traverse Parangon, 13008 Marseille, France
| | - Luisa Mangialajo
- UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, Parc Valrose, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (A.C.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (P.F.)
- Federative Research Institute MARRES, Université Côte d’Azur, CEDEX 2, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Paolo Guidetti
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn–National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Genoa Marine Centre, 16126 Genoa, Italy;
- National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Samuel Branthomme
- UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, Parc Valrose, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (A.C.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Patrice Francour
- UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, Parc Valrose, 28 Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; (A.C.); (L.M.); (S.B.); (P.F.)
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Lukas J, Romanczuk P, Klenz H, Klamser P, Arias Rodriguez L, Krause J, Bierbach D. Acoustic and visual stimuli combined promote stronger responses to aerial predation in fish. Behav Ecol 2021; 32:1094-1102. [PMID: 34949958 PMCID: PMC8691536 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bird predation poses a strong selection pressure on fish. Since birds must enter the water to catch fish, a combination of visual and mechano-acoustic cues (multimodal) characterize an immediate attack, while single cues (unimodal) may represent less dangerous disturbances. We investigated whether fish could use this information to distinguish between non-threatening and dangerous events and adjust their antipredator response to the perceived level of risk. To do so, we investigated the antipredator behavior of the sulphur molly (Poecilia sulphuraria), a small freshwater fish which is almost exclusively preyed on by piscivorous birds in its endemic sulfide spring habitat. In a field survey, we confirmed that these fish frequently have to distinguish between disturbances stemming from attacking birds (multimodal) and those which pose no (immediate) threat such as bird overflights (unimodal). In a laboratory experiment, we then exposed fish to artificial visual and/or acoustic stimuli presented separately or combined. Sensitivity was high regardless of stimulus type and number (more than 96% of fish initiated diving), but fish dove deeper, faster, and for longer when both stimuli were available simultaneously. Based on the system's high rates of bird activity, we argue that such an unselective dive initiation with subsequent fine-tuning of diving parameters in accordance to cue modality represents an optimal strategy for these fish to save energy necessary to respond to future attacks. Ultimately, our study shows that fish anticipate the imminent risk posed by disturbances linked to bird predation through integrating information from both visual and acoustic cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Lukas
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Thaer-Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin
| | - Pawel Romanczuk
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Science of Intelligence’ (SCIoI), Technische Universität Berlin, Marchstr. 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Haider Klenz
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Klamser
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lenin Arias Rodriguez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Av. Universidad s/n, 86150 Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Jens Krause
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Thaer-Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Science of Intelligence’ (SCIoI), Technische Universität Berlin, Marchstr. 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Bierbach
- Department of Biology and Ecology of Fishes, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany
- Thaer-Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Science of Intelligence’ (SCIoI), Technische Universität Berlin, Marchstr. 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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Nelson XJ, Pratt AJ, Aluoch SA, Jackson RR. Effects of phytochemicals on predatory decision making in a spider. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Jumping spiders: An exceptional group for comparative cognition studies. Learn Behav 2021; 49:276-291. [PMID: 33443650 DOI: 10.3758/s13420-020-00445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Several non-mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of cognition in animals. Broadly, these hypotheses fall under two categories: those that pertain to the selective pressures exerted either by sociality or by the ecological niche in which animals live. We review these ideas and then discuss why the highly visual jumping spiders (Salticidae) are excellent models for investigating how cognitive ability evolves. With few exceptions, these behaviorally complex spiders are non-social, making them ideal candidates to explore ideas pertaining to selection based on habitat complexity and selection based on predatory behavior (foraging niche hypotheses). With the exception of Antarctica, salticids are found in all habitats on Earth, ranging from very complex to barren and simple. While many species are generalist predators, a minority also have specialized predatory behavior and prey specialization on dangerous prey, which has been proposed as an explanation for advanced cognitive ability. As this large group has a diversity of habitats in which it lives, diverse predatory behavior, as well as some "social" species, we argue that salticids are ideal candidates for comparative studies to explore the myriad selection factors acting upon a group well known for their cognitive prowess, despite having miniature brains.
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Martin CW, McDonald AM, Rieucau G, Roberts BJ. Previous oil exposure alters Gulf Killifish Fundulus grandis oil avoidance behavior. PeerJ 2021; 8:e10587. [PMID: 33384905 PMCID: PMC7751417 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil spills threaten the structure and function of ecological communities. The Deepwater Horizon spill was predicted to have catastrophic consequences for nearshore fishes, but field studies indicate resilience in populations and communities. Previous research indicates many marsh fishes exhibit avoidance of oil contaminated areas, representing one potential mechanism for this resilience. Here, we test whether prior oil exposure of Gulf killifish Fundulus grandis alters this avoidance response. Using choice tests between unoiled and oiled sediments at one of three randomized concentrations (low: 0.1 L oil m-2, medium: 0.5 L oil m-2, or high: 3.0 L oil m-2), we found that, even at low prior exposure levels, killifish lose recognition of oiled sediments compared to control, unexposed fish. Preference for unoiled sediments was absent across all oil concentrations after oil exposure, and some evidence for preference of oiled sediments at high exposure was demonstrated. These results highlight the lack of response to toxic environments in exposed individuals, indicating altered behavior despite organism survival. Future research should document additional sublethal consequences that affect ecosystem and food web functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Martin
- UF/IFAS Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, United States of America
| | - Ashley M McDonald
- UF/IFAS Nature Coast Biological Station, University of Florida, Cedar Key, FL, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Rieucau
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA, United States of America
| | - Brian J Roberts
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA, United States of America
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7
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Soares SM, Kirsten K, Pompermaier A, Maffi VC, Koakoski G, Woloszyn M, Barreto RE, Barcellos LJG. Sex segregation affects exploratory and social behaviors of zebrafish according to controlled housing conditions. Physiol Behav 2020; 222:112944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Carducci P, Squillace V, Manzi G, Truppa V. Touch improves visual discrimination of object features in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.). Behav Processes 2020; 172:104044. [PMID: 31954810 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Primates perceive many object features through vision and touch. To date, little is known on how the synergy of these two sensory modalities contributes to enhance object recognition. Here, we investigated in capuchin monkeys (N = 12) whether manipulating objects and retaining tactile information enhanced visual recognition of geometrical object properties on different scales. Capuchins were trained to visually select the rewarded one of two objects differing in size, shape (larger-scale) or surface structure (smaller-scale). Objects were explored in two experimental conditions: the Sight condition prevented capuchins from touching the chosen object; the Sight and Touch condition allowed them to touch the selected object. Our results indicated that tactile information increased the capuchins' learning speed for visual discrimination of object features. Moreover, the capuchins' learning speed was higher in both size and shape discrimination compared to surface discrimination regardless of the availability of tactile input. Overall, our data demonstrated that the acquisition of tactile information about object features was advantageous for the capuchins and allowed them to achieve high levels of visual accuracy faster. This suggests that information from touch potentiated object recognition in the visual modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Carducci
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via Ulisse Aldrovandi 16/B, 00197, Rome, Italy; Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valerio Squillace
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via Ulisse Aldrovandi 16/B, 00197, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Manzi
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Environmental Biology, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Truppa
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via Ulisse Aldrovandi 16/B, 00197, Rome, Italy.
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Watve M, Prati S, Taborsky B. Simulating more realistic predation threat using attack playbacks. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8149. [PMID: 31875146 PMCID: PMC6925948 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of virtual proxies of live animals are rapidly gaining ground in studies of animal behaviour. Such proxies help to reduce the number of live experimental animals needed to stimulate the behaviour of experimental individuals and to increase standardisation. However, using too simplistic proxies may fail to induce a desired effect and/or lead to quick habituation. For instance, in a predation context, prey often employ multimodal cues to detect predators or use specific aspects of predator behaviour to assess threat. In a live interaction, predator and prey often show behaviours directed towards each other, which are absent in virtual proxies. Here we compared the effectiveness of chemical and visual predator cues in the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher, a species in which predation pressure has been the evolutionary driver of its sociality. We created playbacks of predators simulating an attack and tested their effectiveness in comparison to a playback showing regular activity and to a live predator. We further compared the effectiveness of predator odour and conspecific skin extracts on behaviours directed towards a predator playback. Regular playbacks of calmly swimming predators were less effective than live predators in stimulating a focal individual's aggression and attention. However, playbacks mimicking an attacking predator induced responses much like a live predator. Chemical cues did not affect predator directed behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Watve
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Prati
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Barbara Taborsky
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Landeira-Dabarca A, Näslund J, Johnsson JI, Álvarez M. Cue recognition and behavioural responses in the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) under risk of fish predation. Acta Ethol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-019-00324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fouzai N, Opdal AF, Jørgensen C, Fiksen Ø. Dying from the lesser of three evils: facilitation and non‐consumptive effects emerge in a model with multiple predators. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fouzai
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Bergen PO Box 7803 NO‐5020 Bergen Norway
| | - Anders F. Opdal
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Bergen PO Box 7803 NO‐5020 Bergen Norway
| | - Christian Jørgensen
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Bergen PO Box 7803 NO‐5020 Bergen Norway
| | - Øyvind Fiksen
- Dept of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Bergen PO Box 7803 NO‐5020 Bergen Norway
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Imlay TL, Nickerson D, Horn AG. Temperature and breeding success for Cliff Swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) nesting on man-made structures: ecological traps? CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
When an environmental cue that previously signaled a suitable habitat leads an animal to use an unsuitable site, individual fitness can decrease, ultimately leading to population declines. Such “ecological traps” may be particularly likely for birds that use human infrastructure for nesting. Here we tested whether high nest temperatures and the physical properties of barns are associated with lower breeding success for a declining population of Cliff Swallows (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota (Vieillot, 1817)). We monitored nests under barn eaves below wood and metal roofs to determine nestling survival and mass, and recorded temperature under barn eaves, to relate ambient temperature to eave temperature. We found that eave temperature increased with ambient temperatures and was higher at high temperatures and lower at cool temperatures under metal roofs than wood roofs. Nestling survival was lower during periods with higher ambient temperatures, and both survival and mass were lower under metal roofs. Our findings suggest that barn eaves, especially those with metal roofs, may be an ecological trap for Cliff Swallows, where a seemingly suitable nesting site early in the breeding season results in low breeding success. Furthermore, warming temperatures may lead to ecological traps for other bird species, particularly those nesting in man-made structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L. Imlay
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Donavon Nickerson
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Horn
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Mercader M, Blazy C, Di Pane J, Devissi C, Mercière A, Cheminée A, Thiriet P, Pastor J, Crec'hriou R, Verdoit‐Jarraya M, Lenfant P. Is artificial habitat diversity a key to restoring nurseries for juvenile coastal fish? Ex situ experiments on habitat selection and survival of juvenile seabreams. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Mercader
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensUniversité Perpignan Via Domitia UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensCNRS UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
| | - Christophe Blazy
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensUniversité Perpignan Via Domitia UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensCNRS UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
| | - Julien Di Pane
- Ifremer—Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer 62200 Boulogne‐sur‐Mer France
| | - Camille Devissi
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensUniversité Perpignan Via Domitia UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensCNRS UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
| | - Alexandre Mercière
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensUniversité Perpignan Via Domitia UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensCNRS UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
| | - Adrien Cheminée
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensUniversité Perpignan Via Domitia UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensCNRS UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
- Septentrion EnvironnementPort des Goudes 13008 Marseille France
| | - Pierre Thiriet
- UMS PATRINAT (AFB, CNRS, MNHN)Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle CP 41—Maison Buffon, 36 rue Geoffroy Saint‐Hilaire 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
- Station Marine de DinardMuséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 38 rue de Port Blanc 35800 Dinard France
| | - Jérémy Pastor
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensUniversité Perpignan Via Domitia UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensCNRS UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
| | - Romain Crec'hriou
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensUniversité Perpignan Via Domitia UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensCNRS UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
| | - Marion Verdoit‐Jarraya
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensUniversité Perpignan Via Domitia UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensCNRS UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
| | - Philippe Lenfant
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensUniversité Perpignan Via Domitia UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements MéditerranéensCNRS UMR 5110, F‐66860 Perpignan France
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Making the best of a bad situation: differential predator avoidance in a diminutive woodland salamander. Anim Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Jessop TS, Ariefiandy A, Purwandana D, Benu YJ, Hyatt M, Letnic M. Little to fear: largest lizard predator induces weak defense responses in ungulate prey. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tim S Jessop
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- Komodo Survival Program, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Hyatt
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mike Letnic
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Ideal despotic distributions in convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciata)? Effects of predation risk and personality on habitat preference. Behav Processes 2019; 158:163-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Mitchell MD, Crane AL, Bairos-Novak KR, Ferrari MCO, Chivers DP. Olfactory cues of habitats facilitate learning about landscapes of fear. Behav Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ary024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Mitchell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Adam L Crane
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Maud C O Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Douglas P Chivers
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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18
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Fischer S, Oberhummer E, Cunha-Saraiva F, Gerber N, Taborsky B. Smell or vision? The use of different sensory modalities in predator discrimination. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017; 71:143. [PMID: 28989227 PMCID: PMC5607904 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Theory predicts that animals should adjust their escape responses to the perceived predation risk. The information animals obtain about potential predation risk may differ qualitatively depending on the sensory modality by which a cue is perceived. For instance, olfactory cues may reveal better information about the presence or absence of threats, whereas visual information can reliably transmit the position and potential attack distance of a predator. While this suggests a differential use of information perceived through the two sensory channels, the relative importance of visual vs. olfactory cues when distinguishing between different predation threats is still poorly understood. Therefore, we exposed individuals of the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher to a standardized threat stimulus combined with either predator or non-predator cues presented either visually or chemically. We predicted that flight responses towards a threat stimulus are more pronounced if cues of dangerous rather than harmless heterospecifics are presented and that N. pulcher, being an aquatic species, relies more on olfaction when discriminating between dangerous and harmless heterospecifics. N. pulcher responded faster to the threat stimulus, reached a refuge faster and entered a refuge more likely when predator cues were perceived. Unexpectedly, the sensory modality used to perceive the cues did not affect the escape response or the duration of the recovery phase. This suggests that N. pulcher are able to discriminate heterospecific cues with similar acuity when using vision or olfaction. We discuss that this ability may be advantageous in aquatic environments where the visibility conditions strongly vary over time. Significance statement The ability to rapidly discriminate between dangerous predators and harmless heterospecifics is crucial for the survival of prey animals. In seasonally fluctuating environment, sensory conditions may change over the year and may make the use of multiple sensory modalities for heterospecific discrimination highly beneficial. Here we compared the efficacy of visual and olfactory senses in the discrimination ability of the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher. We presented individual fish with visual or olfactory cues of predators or harmless heterospecifics and recorded their flight response. When exposed to predator cues, individuals responded faster, reached a refuge faster and were more likely to enter the refuge. Unexpectedly, the olfactory and visual senses seemed to be equally efficient in this discrimination task, suggesting that seasonal variation of water conditions experienced by N. pulcher may necessitate the use of multiple sensory channels for the same task. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00265-017-2371-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fischer
- Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, L69 7ZB, Liverpool, UK
| | - Evelyne Oberhummer
- Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
| | - Filipa Cunha-Saraiva
- Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
- Konrad-Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department for Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinarian Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Gerber
- Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Taborsky
- Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Wohlenstrasse 50a, 3032 Hinterkappelen, Switzerland
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19
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Catano LB, Barton MB, Boswell KM, Burkepile DE. Predator identity and time of day interact to shape the risk-reward trade-off for herbivorous coral reef fishes. Oecologia 2016; 183:763-773. [PMID: 28005174 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-consumptive effects (NCEs) of predators occur as prey alters their habitat use and foraging decisions to avoid predation. Although NCEs are recognized as being important across disparate ecosystems, the factors influencing their strength and importance remain poorly understood. Ecological context, such as time of day, predator identity, and prey condition, may modify how prey species perceive and respond to risk, thereby altering NCEs. To investigate how predator identity affects foraging of herbivorous coral reef fishes, we simulated predation risk using fiberglass models of two predator species (grouper Mycteroperca bonaci and barracuda Sphyraena barracuda) with different hunting modes. We quantified how predation risk alters herbivory rates across space (distance from predator) and time (dawn, mid-day, and dusk) to examine how prey reconciles the conflicting demands of avoiding predation vs. foraging. When we averaged the effect of both predators across space and time, they suppressed herbivory similarly. Yet, they altered feeding differently depending on time of day and distance from the model. Although feeding increased strongly with increasing distance from the predators particularly during dawn, we found that the barracuda model suppressed herbivory more strongly than the grouper model during mid-day. We suggest that prey hunger level and differences in predator hunting modes could influence these patterns. Understanding how context mediates NCEs provides insight into the emergent effects of predator-prey interactions on food webs. These insights have broad implications for understanding how anthropogenic alterations to predator abundances can affect the spatial and temporal dynamics of important ecosystem processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Catano
- Marine Science Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA. .,Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63121-4400, USA.
| | - Mark B Barton
- Marine Science Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | - Kevin M Boswell
- Marine Science Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | - Deron E Burkepile
- Marine Science Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA.,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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20
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Farina S, Guala I, Oliva S, Piazzi L, Pires da Silva R, Ceccherelli G. The Seagrass Effect Turned Upside Down Changes the Prospective of Sea Urchin Survival and Landscape Implications. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164294. [PMID: 27783684 PMCID: PMC5082627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat structure plays an important mediating role in predator-prey interactions. However the effects are strongly dependent on regional predator pools, which can drive predation risk in habitats with very similar structure in opposite directions. In the Mediterranean Sea predation on juvenile sea urchins is commonly known to be regulated by seagrass structure. In this study we test whether the possibility for juvenile Paracentrotus lividus to be predated changes in relation to the fragmentation of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica (four habitat classes: continuous, low-fragmentation, high-fragmentation and rocks), and to the spatial arrangement of such habitat classes at a landscape scale. Sea urchin predation risk was measured in a 20-day field experiment on tethered individuals placed in three square areas 35×35 m2 in size. Variability of both landscape and habitat structural attributes was assessed at the sampling grain 5×5 m2. Predation risk changed among landscapes, as it was lower where more ‘rocks’, and thus less seagrass, were present. The higher risk was found in the ‘continuous’ P. oceanica rather than in the low-fragmentation, high-fragmentation and rock habitats (p-values = 0.0149, 0.00008, and 0.0001, respectively). Therefore, the expectation that juvenile P. lividus survival would have been higher in the ‘continuous’ seagrass habitat, which would have served as shelter from high fish predation pressure, was not met. Predation risk changed across habitats due to different success between attack types: benthic attacks (mostly from whelks) were overall much more effective than those due to fish activity, the former type being associated with the ‘continuous’ seagrass habitat. Fish predation on juvenile sea urchins on rocks and ‘high-fragmentation’ habitat was less likely than benthic predation in the ‘continuous’ seagrass, with the low seagrass patch complexity increasing benthic activity. Future research should be aimed at investigating, derived from the complex indirect interactions among species, how top-down control in marine reserves can modify seagrass habitat effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Farina
- IMC - International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini Torregrande, 09170, Oristano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivan Guala
- IMC - International Marine Centre, Loc. Sa Mardini Torregrande, 09170, Oristano, Italy
| | - Silvia Oliva
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources – University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luigi Piazzi
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources – University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Ceccherelli
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources – University of Sassari, Via Piandanna 4, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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21
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Jones ME, Apfelbach R, Banks PB, Cameron EZ, Dickman CR, Frank A, McLean S, McGregor IS, Müller-Schwarze D, Parsons MH, Sparrow E, Blumstein DT. A Nose for Death: Integrating Trophic and Informational Networks for Conservation and Management. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Plasticity and consistency of behavioural responses to predation risk in laboratory environments. J Zool (1987) 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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23
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Yeager LA, Keller DA, Burns TR, Pool AS, Fodrie FJ. Threshold effects of habitat fragmentation on fish diversity at landscapes scales. Ecology 2016; 97:2157-2166. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Yeager
- Institute of Marine Sciences; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Morehead City North Carolina 28557 USA
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center; Annapolis Maryland 21401 USA
| | - Danielle A. Keller
- Institute of Marine Sciences; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Morehead City North Carolina 28557 USA
| | - Taylor R. Burns
- Institute of Marine Sciences; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Morehead City North Carolina 28557 USA
- Department of Environmental Science; Loyola University New Orleans; New Orleans Louisiana 70118 USA
| | - Alexia S. Pool
- Institute of Marine Sciences; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Morehead City North Carolina 28557 USA
| | - F. Joel Fodrie
- Institute of Marine Sciences; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Morehead City North Carolina 28557 USA
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24
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Andersen GE, Johnson CN, Jones ME. Sympatric predator odour reveals a competitive relationship in size-structured mammalian carnivores. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-016-2189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Saward-Arav D, Sadeh A, Mangel M, Templeton AR, Blaustein L. Oviposition responses of two mosquito species to pool size and predator presence: varying trade-offs between desiccation and predation risks. Isr J Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15659801.2015.1069113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural selection is predicted to favor females that can detect risks of desiccation and predation when choosing among temporary pools for oviposition. Pool size may serve both as a cue for desiccation risk and as a predictor for future colonization by predators or for the probability of present, undetected predators. Therefore, oviposition responses to pool size are expected to interact with the presence of predators that can be detected. We measured oviposition by two mosquito species, Culiseta longiareolata and Culex laticinctus, in a mesocosm experiment, crossing two pool surface sizes with presence or absence of the hemipteran predator, Notonecta maculata, which is chemically detectable by mosquitoes. Both mosquito species strongly avoided Notonecta pools. Using a mechanistic statistical model, we accounted for the higher encounter rate of females with larger pools, and determined their true oviposition preferences for pool size. C. laticinctus showed a clear preference for larger pools, but C. longiareolata, a species with larvae more vulnerable to predation, showed no significant preference for pool size. This study confirms the importance of risk of predation in explaining oviposition patterns, and suggests a possible inter-specific variation in the trade-off between predation and desiccation risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Saward-Arav
- Community Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa
| | - Asaf Sadeh
- Community Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa
| | - Marc Mangel
- Center for Stock Assessment Research and Department of Applied Mathematics and
Statistics, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen
| | - Alan R. Templeton
- Community Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa
- Department of Biology, Washington University
| | - Leon Blaustein
- Community Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa
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26
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Zabierek K, Epp K. Antipredator response of Eurycea nana to a nocturnal and a diurnal predator: avoidance is not affected by circadian cycles of predators. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both predators and prey exhibit cyclic shifts in activity throughout the day, which should cause the threat posed by predators to change in a recurrent pattern. If the threat posed by a predator is dependent on their circadian foraging cycle, prey may respond more or less intensely to predators at different times of day, thereby maximizing the effectiveness and efficiency of avoidance behaviors. We examined whether predator-naïveEurycea nana, a federally threatened neotenic salamander, exhibits a different antipredator response to chemical cues of a diurnal predator, the green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), and a nocturnal predator, the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). We predicted thatE. nanawould show more intense antipredator responses (reduced activity) to a diurnal predator during the day and to a nocturnal predator at night. We found that, although there was significant antipredator behavior ofE. nanatoward sunfish, there was no detectable response to crayfish and no effect of time of day on responses to either predator, suggesting that eitherE. nanadoes not innately exhibit circadian patterns in avoidance of these species or that those patterns were undetectable in this study. Future studies should examine whether experience with predators may cause these salamanders to be more sensitive to the diel variation in threat, as has been found with some other amphibians and fish. Due to the threatened nature of this species, understanding the factors that influence antipredator behavior are crucial for management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen Epp
- Department of Biology, Eastern Connecticut State University, 83 Windham St, Willimantic, CT 06226, USA
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27
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del Mar Palacios M, Warren DT, McCormick MI. Sensory cues of a top-predator indirectly control a reef fish mesopredator. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria del Mar Palacios
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook Univ.; Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - Donald T. Warren
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook Univ.; Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - Mark I. McCormick
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook Univ.; Townsville Queensland 4811 Australia
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28
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Grutters BMC, Pollux BJA, Verberk WCEP, Bakker ES. Native and non-native plants provide similar refuge to invertebrate prey, but less than artificial plants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124455. [PMID: 25885967 PMCID: PMC4401678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-native species introductions are widespread and can affect ecosystem functioning by altering the structure of food webs. Invading plants often modify habitat structure, which may affect the suitability of vegetation as refuge and could thus impact predator-prey dynamics. Yet little is known about how the replacement of native by non-native vegetation affects predator-prey dynamics. We hypothesize that plant refuge provisioning depends on (1) the plant's native status, (2) plant structural complexity and morphology, (3) predator identity, and (4) prey identity, as well as that (5) structurally similar living and artificial plants provide similar refuge. We used aquatic communities as a model system and compared the refuge provided by plants to macroinvertebrates (Daphnia pulex, Gammarus pulex and damselfly larvae) in three short-term laboratory predation experiments. Plant refuge provisioning differed between plant species, but was generally similar for native (Myriophyllum spicatum, Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton perfoliatus) and non-native plants (Vallisneria spiralis, Myriophyllum heterophyllum, Cabomba caroliniana). However, plant refuge provisioning to macroinvertebrate prey depended primarily on predator (mirror carp: Cyprinus carpio carpio and dragonfly larvae: Anax imperator) and prey identity, while the effects of plant structural complexity were only minor. Contrary to living plants, artificial plant analogues did improve prey survival, particularly with increasing structural complexity and shoot density. As such, plant rigidity, which was high for artificial plants and one of the living plant species evaluated in this study (Ceratophyllum demersum), may interact with structural complexity to play a key role in refuge provisioning to specific prey (Gammarus pulex). Our results demonstrate that replacement of native by structurally similar non-native vegetation is unlikely to greatly affect predator-prey dynamics. We propose that modification of predator-prey interactions through plant invasions only occurs when invading plants radically differ in growth form, density and rigidity compared to native plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart M. C. Grutters
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J. A. Pollux
- Experimental Zoology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wilco C. E. P. Verberk
- Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth S. Bakker
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, the Netherlands
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29
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Martin CW. Naïve prey exhibit reduced antipredator behavior and survivorship. PeerJ 2014; 2:e665. [PMID: 25392763 PMCID: PMC4226725 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prey naiveté has been hypothesized to be one of the major driving forces behind population declines following the introduction of novel predators or release of inexperienced prey into predator rich environments. In these cases, naïve prey may lack sufficient antipredator behavior and, as a result, suffer increased mortality. Despite this, some evidence suggests that many prey utilize a generalized response to predators. Here, the naiveté hypothesis is tested using a predator–prey pair sharing an evolutionary history: the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii Girard, 1852) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacépède, 1802). Using farm-reared, naïve crayfish and wild-caught, experienced individuals, laboratory experiments demonstrated that naïve, farmed crayfish lack behavioral responses to chemical cues from bass, both in terms of movement and use of structural refuge. In contrast, experienced crayfish responded strongly to the same cues. In a subsequent field tethering experiment, these naïve individuals suffered a three-fold increase in predation rate. Based on these results, recognition of predators may not be innate in all prey, and previous experience and learning likely play a key role in the development of antipredator behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Martin
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA , USA
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30
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Hill JM, Weissburg MJ. Crabs interpret the threat of predator body size and biomass via cue concentration and diet. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Farina S, Arthur R, Pagès JF, Prado P, Romero J, Vergés A, Hyndes G, Heck KL, Glenos S, Alcoverro T. Differences in predator composition alter the direction of structure-mediated predation risk in macrophyte communities. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Farina
- Dept d'Ecologia Marina; Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC). C/ Accés a la Cala St. Francesc; 14, ES-17300 Blanes, Girona Spain
| | - Rohan Arthur
- Nature Conservation Foundation; 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park 570 002 Mysore, Karnataka India
| | - Jordi F. Pagès
- Dept d'Ecologia Marina; Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC). C/ Accés a la Cala St. Francesc; 14, ES-17300 Blanes, Girona Spain
| | - Patricia Prado
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Univ. of South Alabama; Dauphin Island AL 35628 USA
| | - Javier Romero
- Depto de Ecología; Facultad de Biología, Univ. de Barcelona; Avda, Diagonal 645 ES-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of New South Wales; Sydney NSW 2056 Australia
| | - Glenn Hyndes
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Natural Sciences, Edith Cowan Univ.; 270 Joondalup Drive Joondalup WA 6027 Australia
| | - Ken L. Heck
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Univ. of South Alabama; Dauphin Island AL 35628 USA
| | - Sybil Glenos
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Univ. of South Alabama; Dauphin Island AL 35628 USA
| | - Teresa Alcoverro
- Dept d'Ecologia Marina; Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC). C/ Accés a la Cala St. Francesc; 14, ES-17300 Blanes, Girona Spain
- Nature Conservation Foundation; 3076/5, 4th Cross, Gokulam Park 570 002 Mysore, Karnataka India
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32
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Goldenberg SU, Borcherding J, Heynen M. Balancing the response to predation—the effects of shoal size, predation risk and habituation on behaviour of juvenile perch. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Cresswell W, Quinn JL. Contrasting risks from different predators change the overall nonlethal effects of predation risk. Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Reynolds PL, Bruno JF. Multiple predator species alter prey behavior, population growth, and a trophic cascade in a model estuarine food web. ECOL MONOGR 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/11-2284.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Behavioral responses of native prey to disparate predators: naiveté and predator recognition. Oecologia 2012; 171:367-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Johannesen A, Dunn AM, Morrell LJ. Olfactory cue use by three-spined sticklebacks foraging in turbid water: prey detection or prey location? Anim Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Nilsson PA, Baktoft H, Boel M, Meier K, Jacobsen L, Rokkjaer EM, Clausen T, Skov C. Visibility conditions and diel period affect small-scale spatio-temporal behaviour of pike Esox lucius in the absence of prey and conspecifics. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 80:2384-2389. [PMID: 22551189 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pike Esox lucius in the absence of prey and conspecifics were shown to have the highest habitat-change activity during dusk and to decrease preference for complex habitats in turbid water. As the behaviours indicate routine responses in the absence of behavioural interactions, E. lucius spatio-temporal distributions should be directly affected and thereby more easily assessed and avoided by prey, with potential consequences for encounter rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Nilsson
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
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Souza EDS, Willemart RH. Harvest-ironman: heavy armature, and not its defensive secretions, protects a harvestman against a spider. Anim Behav 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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