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Liao W. Water Colour Shapes Diving Beetle (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) Assemblages in Urban Ponds. INSECTS 2024; 15:308. [PMID: 38786864 PMCID: PMC11122460 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Dramatic land-use changes in urban landscapes can drive water colour darkening by washing compounds, such as organic matter and iron, from terrestrial ecosystems into urban blue space, consequentially affecting aquatic communities. Here, I studied how pond water colour changes along an urban gradient and how diving beetles (Dytiscidae) respond to the water colour gradient in 11 ponds with fish and 15 ponds without fish in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland. I found that the pond water colour exhibited a non-significant decreasing pattern along the urban gradient, indicating that urbanisation may not necessarily drive brownification in urban ponds. Dytiscid species richness and abundance exhibited significant positive correlations with increasing water colour in ponds with fish but no significant correlation in ponds without fish. Some species, such as Agabus spp. and Dytiscus spp., appeared tolerant to highly coloured water, whereas some species, such as Hyphydrus ovatus and Hygrotus spp., tended to occur in clear water, indicating that brown water may provide dytiscids with prey refuges, but some species are intolerant to brown water. The study highlights the importance of urban pondscape heterogeneity to meet the needs of aquatic invertebrates that prefer different water colours and for the multifunctioning of urban ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Liao
- School of Life Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 4, Section 2, North Jianshe Road, Chengdu 610054, China;
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Urban and Regional Studies (Urbaria), FI-00100 Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Reeve C, Robichaud JA, Fernandes T, Bates AE, Bramburger AJ, Brownscombe JW, Davy CM, Henry HAL, McMeans BC, Moise ERD, Sharma S, Smith PA, Studd EK, O’Sullivan A, Sutton AO, Templer PH, Cooke SJ. Applied winter biology: threats, conservation and management of biological resources during winter in cold climate regions. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad027. [PMID: 37179705 PMCID: PMC10170328 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Winter at high latitudes is characterized by low temperatures, dampened light levels and short photoperiods which shape ecological and evolutionary outcomes from cells to populations to ecosystems. Advances in our understanding of winter biological processes (spanning physiology, behaviour and ecology) highlight that biodiversity threats (e.g. climate change driven shifts in reproductive windows) may interact with winter conditions, leading to greater ecological impacts. As such, conservation and management strategies that consider winter processes and their consequences on biological mechanisms may lead to greater resilience of high altitude and latitude ecosystems. Here, we use well-established threat and action taxonomies produced by the International Union of Conservation of Nature-Conservation Measures Partnership (IUCN-CMP) to synthesize current threats to biota that emerge during, or as the result of, winter processes then discuss targeted management approaches for winter-based conservation. We demonstrate the importance of considering winter when identifying threats to biodiversity and deciding on appropriate management strategies across species and ecosystems. We confirm our expectation that threats are prevalent during the winter and are especially important considering the physiologically challenging conditions that winter presents. Moreover, our findings emphasize that climate change and winter-related constraints on organisms will intersect with other stressors to potentially magnify threats and further complicate management. Though conservation and management practices are less commonly considered during the winter season, we identified several potential or already realized applications relevant to winter that could be beneficial. Many of the examples are quite recent, suggesting a potential turning point for applied winter biology. This growing body of literature is promising but we submit that more research is needed to identify and address threats to wintering biota for targeted and proactive conservation. We suggest that management decisions consider the importance of winter and incorporate winter specific strategies for holistic and mechanistic conservation and resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Reeve
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jessica A Robichaud
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Timothy Fernandes
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd., Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Andrew J Bramburger
- Watershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Christina M Davy
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Hugh A L Henry
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Bailey C McMeans
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Eric R D Moise
- Natural Resources Canada – Canadian Forest Service, 26 University Drive, Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Sapna Sharma
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Paul A Smith
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Emily K Studd
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Antóin O’Sullivan
- Biology Department, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, 550 Windsor St., Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Alex O Sutton
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Rd, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UR, UK
| | - Pamela H Templer
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Vargas AL, Santangelo JM, Bozelli RL. Hatching under brownification: DOC-mediated changes in physical, but not chemical properties of water affect hatching patterns of Cladocera resting eggs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64124-64131. [PMID: 35471758 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is often related to the brownification of water in continental aquatic systems and to changes in the physiology of zooplankton organisms. Zooplankton resting eggs are particularly sensitive to changes in light and chemical characteristics of water, but the physical and chemical effects associated to DOC on dormant stages have never been tested before. Herein, we tested how DOC affects hatching rates and time to hatching of Cladocera (Diaphanosoma birgei) resting eggs. In order to analyze the chemical (i.e., toxic) and physical (i.e., light attenuation) effects of DOC on hatching patterns, resting eggs were exposed to different concentrations of DOC (0, 50, and 100 mg L-1) in an experimental design which isolated chemical from physical effects. When evaluating the physical effects of DOC, hatching was more than 150% less in 100 than 50 mg L-1 DOC and time to hatching was 66% lesser in 50 mg L-1 DOC than control. Hatchling numbers and time to hatching were not affected by DOC chemical effects. We conclude DOC effects on hatching mainly relied on light attenuation, while chemical effects were likely of minor importance. DOC may change Cladocera emergence patterns mainly through light attenuation in the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson L Vargas
- Laboratório de Limnologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Jayme M Santangelo
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo L Bozelli
- Laboratório de Limnologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liu M, Jia J, Wang H, Wang L. Allometric model of brain morphology of Hemiculter leucisculus and its variation along climatic gradients. J Anat 2022; 241:259-271. [PMID: 35383914 PMCID: PMC9296032 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies on Hemiculter leucisculus, which is a widespread native fish in China, mainly focused on its growth, feeding habits, and individual fecundity, but few have investigated the brain. In this research, we explored the developmental patterns of the Hemiculter leucisculus brain and found the brain showed allometry through sample time points and three age groups. At the same time, we found that the brain varied along climatic gradients. The volumes of the olfactory bulbs, telencephalic lobes, optic tectum, corpus cerebelli, and total brain in the south were larger than those in the north, while the volume of the hypothalamus in the north was larger than in the south. This study provides a view for the in-depth study of the acclimatized mechanism of the teleost brain, lays a foundation for the further study of evolutionary ecology, and provides a reference for the phenotypic plasticity of the teleost brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Jia Jia
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - He Wang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Lihong Wang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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Saklaurs M, Dubra S, Liepa L, Jansone D, Jansons Ā. Vegetation Affecting Water Quality in Small Streams: Case Study in Hemiboreal Forests, Latvia. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101316. [PMID: 35631741 PMCID: PMC9142884 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Riparian forests are important ecosystems located along the margins of freshwaters. Riparian zones provide many ecosystem services, such as nutrient modification, erosion and temperature control, leading to improvements in water quality in adjacent water ecosystems. In many areas, riparian forest management is restricted to improve adjacent water quality. The potential influence of forest management on water quality of small streams was assessed by analysing species composition and structural diversity in riparian forests. We collected data in riparian forests along 15 streams in the eastern Baltics (Latvia) with different water quality classes. We used detrended correspondence analysis and indicator species’ analysis to determine relationships between woody plants and understory vegetation. We also used ADONIS and ANOSIM analysis to determine possible factors that affect species composition. Our results suggested that water quality is affected by ground vegetation, which in turn was altered by stand density and total yield. Site-specific decision making in management is required in riparian forests to ensure the required conditions in the streams, because species composition differs between sites, dominant tree species and stand parameters (density, total yield, stand age). Introduction of Betula pubescens Ehrh. in coniferous stands is favourable to ensure litter fall quality and provide shade for streams during summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mārcis Saklaurs
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia; (M.S.); (D.J.); (Ā.J.)
| | - Stefānija Dubra
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia; (M.S.); (D.J.); (Ā.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Līga Liepa
- Forestry Faculty, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liela 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia;
| | - Diāna Jansone
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia; (M.S.); (D.J.); (Ā.J.)
| | - Āris Jansons
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Rigas Street 111, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia; (M.S.); (D.J.); (Ā.J.)
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Blanchet CC, Arzel C, Davranche A, Kahilainen KK, Secondi J, Taipale S, Lindberg H, Loehr J, Manninen-Johansen S, Sundell J, Maanan M, Nummi P. Ecology and extent of freshwater browning - What we know and what should be studied next in the context of global change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152420. [PMID: 34953836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water browning or brownification refers to increasing water color, often related to increasing dissolved organic matter (DOM) and carbon (DOC) content in freshwaters. Browning has been recognized as a significant physicochemical phenomenon altering boreal lakes, but our understanding of its ecological consequences in different freshwater habitats and regions is limited. Here, we review the consequences of browning on different freshwater habitats, food webs and aquatic-terrestrial habitat coupling. We examine global trends of browning and DOM/DOC, and the use of remote sensing as a tool to investigate browning from local to global scales. Studies have focused on lakes and rivers while seldom addressing effects at the catchment scale. Other freshwater habitats such as small and temporary waterbodies have been overlooked, making the study of the entire network of the catchment incomplete. While past research investigated the response of primary producers, aquatic invertebrates and fishes, the effects of browning on macrophytes, invasive species, and food webs have been understudied. Research has focused on freshwater habitats without considering the fluxes between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. We highlight the importance of understanding how the changes in one habitat may cascade to another. Browning is a broader phenomenon than the heretofore concentration on the boreal region. Overall, we propose that future studies improve the ecological understanding of browning through the following research actions: 1) increasing our knowledge of ecological processes of browning in other wetland types than lakes and rivers, 2) assessing the impact of browning on aquatic food webs at multiple scales, 3) examining the effects of browning on aquatic-terrestrial habitat coupling, 4) expanding our knowledge of browning from the local to global scale, and 5) using remote sensing to examine browning and its ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse C Blanchet
- Department of Biology, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Céline Arzel
- Department of Biology, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Aurélie Davranche
- CNRS UMR 6554 LETG, University of Angers, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, FR-49000 Angers, France
| | - Kimmo K Kahilainen
- University of Helsinki, Lammi Biological Station, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland
| | - Jean Secondi
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; Faculty of Sciences, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Sami Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Henrik Lindberg
- HAMK University of Applied Sciences, Forestry Programme, Saarelantie 1, FI-16970 Evo, Finland
| | - John Loehr
- University of Helsinki, Lammi Biological Station, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland
| | | | - Janne Sundell
- University of Helsinki, Lammi Biological Station, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland
| | - Mohamed Maanan
- UMR CNRS 6554, University of Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Petri Nummi
- Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Chang CH, Yan HY. Plasticity of opsin gene expression in the adult red shiner (Cyprinella lutrensis) in response to turbid habitats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215376. [PMID: 30978235 PMCID: PMC6461250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision is very important to fish as it is required for foraging food, fighting competitors, fleeing from predators, and finding potential mates. Vertebrates express opsin genes in photoreceptor cells to receive visual signals, and the variety of light levels in aquatic habits has driven fish to evolve multiple opsin genes with expression profiles that are highly plastic. In this study, red shiners (Cyprinella lutrensis) were exposed to four water turbidity treatments and their opsin genes were cloned to elucidate how opsin gene expression could be modulated by ambient light conditions. Opsin gene cloning revealed that these fish have single RH1, SWS1, SWS2 and LWS genes and two RH2 genes. Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that these two RH2 opsin genes-RH2A and RH2B -are in-paralogous. Using quantitative PCR, we found evidence that opsin expression is plastic in adults. Elevated proportional expression of LWS in the cone under ambient light and turbid treatment indicated that the red shiner's visual spectrum displays a red shift in response to increased turbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Center for Ecology and Environment, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hong Young Yan
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Checheng, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Effects of Terrestrial Organic Matter on Aquatic Primary Production as Mediated by Pelagic–Benthic Resource Fluxes. Ecosystems 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-017-0217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Langbehn TJ, Varpe Ø. Sea-ice loss boosts visual search: fish foraging and changing pelagic interactions in polar oceans. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:5318-5330. [PMID: 28657128 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Light is a central driver of biological processes and systems. Receding sea ice changes the lightscape of high-latitude oceans and more light will penetrate into the sea. This affects bottom-up control through primary productivity and top-down control through vision-based foraging. We model effects of sea-ice shading on visual search to develop a mechanistic understanding of how climate-driven sea-ice retreat affects predator-prey interactions. We adapt a prey encounter model for ice-covered waters, where prey-detection performance of planktivorous fish depends on the light cycle. We use hindcast sea-ice concentrations (past 35 years) and compare with a future no-ice scenario to project visual range along two south-north transects with different sea-ice distributions and seasonality, one through the Bering Sea and one through the Barents Sea. The transect approach captures the transition from sub-Arctic to Arctic ecosystems and allows for comparison of latitudinal differences between longitudes. We find that past sea-ice retreat has increased visual search at a rate of 2.7% to 4.2% per decade from the long-term mean; and for high latitudes, we predict a 16-fold increase in clearance rate. Top-down control is therefore predicted to intensify. Ecological and evolutionary consequences for polar marine communities and energy flows would follow, possibly also as tipping points and regime shifts. We expect species distributions to track the receding ice-edge, and in particular expect species with large migratory capacity to make foraging forays into high-latitude oceans. However, the extreme seasonality in photoperiod of high-latitude oceans may counteract such shifts and rather act as a zoogeographical filter limiting poleward range expansion. The provided mechanistic insights are relevant for pelagic ecosystems globally, including lakes where shifted distributions are seldom possible but where predator-prey consequences would be much related. As part of the discussion on photoperiodic implications for high-latitude range shifts, we provide a short review of studies linking physical drivers to latitudinal extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Langbehn
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Øystein Varpe
- University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
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