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Liu X, Kümmel S, Wu L, Richnow HH. Tracking the transformation of persistent organic pollutants in food webs using multi element isotope and enantiomer fractionation. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:134046. [PMID: 38513442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In order to track the transformation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in food webs, field experiments were conducted at two sites using stable isotope and enantiomer fractionation concepts. The enantiomers of α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) were selected as representative compounds for POPs. Isotope and enantiomer fractionation allowed the characterization of α-HCH enantiomer biotransformation processes along trophic levels of the food web - from soil and plants to animal livers, fat tissues and milk. The enrichment of heavy isotopes in soils, plants and sediments as well as the changes of enantiomer fractionation indicate that the biotransformation of α-HCH occurred in these compartments. Moreover, the increase of carbon and chlorine isotopic compositions as well as the changes of enantiomer fractionation of liver, fat tissues and milk demonstrated that the overall HCH exposure was much higher than estimates based on concentration levels, while the isotope and enantiomer fractionation revealed the enantiomer specific enantiomer uptake across the blood-brain barriers. Dual element isotope analysis suggested that complex transformation processes have occurred along the potential food web from the HCH sources over different environmental compartments to animal livers, fat tissues and milk. The results imply that the analyses of stable isotope compositions and concentrations has potential to reconstruct the exposure of higher organisms to POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Langping Wu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Ecometrix Incorporated, 6800 Campobello Road, Mississauga, ON L5N 2L8, Canada; Isodetect GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Isodetect GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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2
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Jiménez-Ramos R, Egea LG, Pérez-Estrada CJ, Balart EF, Vergara JJ, Brun FG. Patch age alters seagrass response mechanisms to herbivory damage. Mar Environ Res 2024; 197:106443. [PMID: 38507985 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Natural disturbances can produce a mosaic of seagrass patches of different ages, which may affect the response to herbivory. These pressures can have consequences for plant performance. To assess how seagrass patch age affects the response to herbivory, we simulated the effect of herbivory by clipping leaves of Halodule wrightii in patches of 2, 4 and 6 years. All clipped plants showed ability to compensate herbivory by increasing leaf growth rate (on average 4.5-fold). The oldest patches showed resistance response by increasing phenolic compounds (1.2-fold). Contrastingly, the concentration of phenolics decreased in the youngest patches (0.26-fold), although they had a similar leaf carbon content to controls. These results suggest that younger plants facing herbivory pressure reallocate their phenolic compounds towards primary metabolism. Results confirm the H. wrightii tolerance to herbivory damage and provides evidence of age-dependent compensatory responses, which may have consequences for seagrass colonization and growth in perturbed habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Jiménez-Ramos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Research INMAR, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Luis G Egea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Research INMAR, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Claudia J Pérez-Estrada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Research INMAR, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste, S.C., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Eduardo F Balart
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Del Noroeste, S.C., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096, La Paz, B.C.S., Mexico
| | - Juan J Vergara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Research INMAR, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Fernando G Brun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Research INMAR, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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3
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Gauzens B, Rosenbaum B, Kalinkat G, Boy T, Jochum M, Kortsch S, O’Gorman EJ, Brose U. Flexible foraging behaviour increases predator vulnerability to climate change. Nat Clim Chang 2024; 14:387-392. [PMID: 38617202 PMCID: PMC11006620 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-024-01946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Higher temperatures are expected to reduce species coexistence by increasing energetic demands. However, flexible foraging behaviour could balance this effect by allowing predators to target specific prey species to maximize their energy intake, according to principles of optimal foraging theory. Here we test these assumptions using a large dataset comprising 2,487 stomach contents from six fish species with different feeding strategies, sampled across environments with varying prey availability over 12 years in Kiel Bay (Baltic Sea). Our results show that foraging shifts from trait- to density-dependent prey selectivity in warmer and more productive environments. This behavioural change leads to lower consumption efficiency at higher temperature as fish select more abundant but less energetically rewarding prey, thereby undermining species persistence and biodiversity. By integrating this behaviour into dynamic food web models, our study reveals that flexible foraging leads to lower species coexistence and biodiversity in communities under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Gauzens
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Rosenbaum
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gregor Kalinkat
- Department of Community and Ecosystem Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Boy
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Malte Jochum
- Experimental Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Global Change Ecology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kortsch
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
| | - Eoin J. O’Gorman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, UK
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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4
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Moore SE, Siwertsson A, Lafferty KD, Kuris AM, Soldánová M, Morton D, Primicerio R, Amundsen PA. Parasites alter food-web topology of a subarctic lake food web and its pelagic and benthic compartments. Oecologia 2024; 204:257-277. [PMID: 38326516 PMCID: PMC10907417 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05503-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We compared three sets of highly resolved food webs with and without parasites for a subarctic lake system corresponding to its pelagic and benthic compartments and the whole-lake food web. Key topological food-web metrics were calculated for each set of compartments to explore the role parasites play in food-web topology in these highly contrasting webs. After controlling for effects from differences in web size, we observed similar responses to the addition of parasites in both the pelagic and benthic compartments demonstrated by increases in trophic levels, linkage density, connectance, generality, and vulnerability despite the contrasting composition of free-living and parasitic species between the two compartments. Similar effects on food-web topology can be expected with the inclusion of parasites, regardless of the physical characteristics and taxonomic community compositions of contrasting environments. Additionally, similar increases in key topological metrics were found in the whole-lake food web that combines the pelagic and benthic webs, effects that are comparable to parasite food-web analyses from other systems. These changes in topological metrics are a result of the unique properties of parasites as infectious agents and the links they participate in. Trematodes were key contributors to these results, as these parasites have distinct characteristics in aquatic systems that introduce new link types and increase the food web's generality and vulnerability disproportionate to other parasites. Our analysis highlights the importance of incorporating parasites, especially trophically transmitted parasites, into food webs as they significantly alter key topological metrics and are thus essential for understanding an ecosystem's structure and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E Moore
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Anna Siwertsson
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kevin D Lafferty
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, at Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Armand M Kuris
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Miroslava Soldánová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Morton
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Raul Primicerio
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Per-Arne Amundsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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5
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Russo L, Bellardini D, Steinberg DK, Congestri R, Lomas MW, D'Alelio D. Long-term oscillations in the normalized biomass-size spectrum reveal the impact of oligotrophication on zooplankton trophic structure in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. Mar Environ Res 2024; 193:106295. [PMID: 38118377 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Ocean warming of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (NASG) induced oligotrophication and a decrease in integrated net primary production during the 2010s, potentially affecting higher trophic levels. We analyzed long-term records (1994-2019) of daytime and nighttime zooplankton biomass in five size classes from the NASG. Daytime biomass decreased in the three largest size classes during the 2010s, while decrease in nighttime biomass was less evident due to the relative stability in diel vertical migrator biomass. We used the normalized biomass size spectrum (NBSS) to estimate the relative transfer efficiency between trophic levels. The steepness of the NBSS slope at the end of the time series increased by 14% (daytime) and 24% (nighttime) from the maximum observed annual average values (2011 and 2009, respectively). This suggests oligotrophication during the 2010s led to a significant reduction in the transfer of biomass across trophic levels, with negative impacts on the NASG planktonic food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Russo
- Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Bellardini
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy; DiSTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Deborah K Steinberg
- Coastal & Ocean Processes Section, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA, 23062, USA.
| | - Roberta Congestri
- Laboratory of Biology of Algae, Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Cracovia 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michael W Lomas
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, 60 Bigelow Drive, East Boothbay, ME, 04544, USA.
| | - Domenico D'Alelio
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy.
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6
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Fraser MR, Walker TR, Sherwood OA, Oakes KD. Assessing spatial impacts of historical pulp mill effluent on trophic dynamics in a coastal marine ecosystem using stable isotope (δ 13C and δ 15N) analysis. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 198:115859. [PMID: 38086106 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Boat Harbour, Nova Scotia was a tidal estuary that was converted into a wastewater treatment facility for pulp mill effluent in 1967. Treated effluent from Boat Harbour was discharged into the coastal Northumberland Strait, contributing significant nutrient and freshwater inputs into the coastal environment, potentially impacting local biogeochemistry and ecosystem structure. This study used stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) of representative taxa to assess spatial variability in nutrient sources and trophic dynamics. Results identified stable isotope variation with depleted δ13C and δ15N values in taxa near Boat Harbour. Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) were the most suitable bioindicators for identifying variation in nutrient sources. Stable isotope signatures in this study may be reflective of residual pulp mill effluent-derived nutrients, differences in marine versus terrestrial nutrient sources, and a pronounced coastal salinity gradient. The present study defined the baseline nutrient conditions of the Northumberland Strait and will be useful in assessing the effectiveness of remediation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Fraser
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Owen A Sherwood
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Ken D Oakes
- Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, NS B1M 1A2, Canada.
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7
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Calderini ML, Kahilainen KK, Estlander S, Peltomaa E, Piro AJ, Rigaud C, Ruuhijärvi J, Salmi P, Vesterinen J, Vuorio K, Taipale SJ. Eutrophication effect on production and transfer of omega-3 fatty acids in boreal lake food webs. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166674. [PMID: 37647960 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication, i.e. increasing level of nutrients and primary production, is a central environmental change of lakes globally with wide effects on food webs. However, how eutrophication affects the synthesis of physiologically essential biomolecules (omega-3 fatty acids) and their transfer to higher trophic levels at the whole food web level is not well understood. We assessed food web (phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish) biomass, community structure and fatty acid content (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), together with fatty acid specific primary production in 12 Finnish boreal lakes covering the total nutrient gradient from oligotrophic to highly eutrophic lakes (4-140 μg TP l-1; 413-1814 μg TN l-1). Production was measured as the incorporation of 13C-NaHCO3 into phytoplankton fatty acids and differentiated into volumetric production (production per litre of water) and productivity (production per phytoplankton biomass). Increases in nutrients led to higher biomass of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish communities while also affecting community composition. Eutrophication negatively influenced the contribution of phytoplankton biomass preferentially grazed by zooplankton (<35 μm). Total volumetric production saturated at high phytoplankton biomass while EPA volumetric production presented a logarithmic relationship with nutrient increase. Meanwhile, total and EPA productivity had unimodal responses to this change in nutrients. DHA volumetric production and productivity presented large variation with increases in total phosphorus, but a unimodal model best described DHA changes with eutrophication. Results showed that eutrophication impaired the transfer of EPA and DHA into zooplankton and fish, showing a clear negative impact in some species (e.g. perch) while having no effect in other species (e.g. roach, ruffe). Results show non-linear trends in fatty acid production and productivity peaking at nutrient concentrations 22-35 μg l-1 TP followed by a gradual decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco L Calderini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | | | - Satu Estlander
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Peltomaa
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Cyril Rigaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | - Pauliina Salmi
- Spectral Imaging Laboratory, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jussi Vesterinen
- The Association for Water and Environment of Western Uusimaa, Lohja, Finland
| | - Kristiina Vuorio
- Finnish Environment Institute Syke, Nature Solutions, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami J Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Holland MM, Louchart A, Artigas LF, Ostle C, Atkinson A, Rombouts I, Graves CA, Devlin M, Heyden B, Machairopoulou M, Bresnan E, Schilder J, Jakobsen HH, Lloyd-Hartley H, Tett P, Best M, Goberville E, McQuatters-Gollop A. Major declines in NE Atlantic plankton contrast with more stable populations in the rapidly warming North Sea. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165505. [PMID: 37451457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Plankton form the base of marine food webs, making them important indicators of ecosystem status. Changes in the abundance of plankton functional groups, or lifeforms, can affect higher trophic levels and can indicate important shifts in ecosystem functioning. Here, we extend this knowledge by combining data from Continuous Plankton Recorder and fixed-point stations to provide the most comprehensive analysis of plankton time-series for the North-East Atlantic and North-West European shelf to date. We analysed 24 phytoplankton and zooplankton datasets from 15 research institutions to map 60-year abundance trends for 8 planktonic lifeforms. Most lifeforms decreased in abundance (e.g. dinoflagellates: -5 %, holoplankton: -7 % decade-1), except for meroplankton, which increased 12 % decade-1, reflecting widespread changes in large-scale and localised processes. K-means clustering of assessment units according to abundance trends revealed largely opposing trend direction between shelf and oceanic regions for most lifeforms, with North Sea areas characterised by increasing coastal abundance, while abundance decreased in North-East Atlantic areas. Individual taxa comprising each phytoplankton lifeform exhibited similar abundance trends, whereas taxa grouped within zooplankton lifeforms were more variable. These regional contrasts are counterintuitive, since the North Sea which has undergone major warming, changes in nutrients, and past fisheries perturbation has changed far less, from phytoplankton to fish larvae, as compared to the more slowly warming North-East Atlantic with lower nutrient supply and fishing pressure. This more remote oceanic region has shown a major and worrying decline in the traditional food web. Although the causal mechanisms remain unclear, declining abundance of key planktonic lifeforms in the North-East Atlantic, including diatoms and copepods, are a cause of major concern for the future of food webs and should provide a red flag to politicians and policymakers about the prioritisation of future management and adaptation measures required to ensure future sustainable use of the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Holland
- Marine Conservation Research Group, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom.
| | - Arnaud Louchart
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie et Geosciences, UMR 8187 LOG, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Université de Lille, IRD, Wimereux, France
| | - Luis Felipe Artigas
- Laboratoire d'Océanologie et Geosciences, UMR 8187 LOG, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Université de Lille, IRD, Wimereux, France
| | - Clare Ostle
- The Marine Biological Association (MBA), The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom
| | - Angus Atkinson
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Prospect Place, The Hoe, PL1 3DH, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle Rombouts
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Marine Observation Centre (MOC), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium
| | - Carolyn A Graves
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Rd, Weymouth DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Devlin
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Rd, Weymouth DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit Heyden
- AquaEcology GmbH & Co. KG, Steinkamp 19, 26125 Oldenburg, Germany
| | | | - Eileen Bresnan
- Marine Scotland Science, 375 Victoria Road, AB11 9DB Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jos Schilder
- Waterkwaliteit en Natuurbeheer, Rijkswaterstaat, Postbus 2232, 3500 GE Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans H Jakobsen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Hannah Lloyd-Hartley
- Dove Marine Laboratory, Newcastle University, Front Street, Cullercoats, North Shields NE30 4PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Tett
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Best
- Environment Agency, Kingfisher House, Goldhay Way, Peterborough PE2 5ZR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Goberville
- Unité Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Abigail McQuatters-Gollop
- Marine Conservation Research Group, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
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9
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Ho HVN, Dunigan DD, Salsbery ME, Agarkova IV, Al Ameeli Z, Van Etten JL, DeLong JP. Viral Chemotaxis of Paramecium Bursaria Altered by Algal Endosymbionts. Microb Ecol 2023; 86:2904-2909. [PMID: 37650927 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxis is widespread across many taxa and often aids resource acquisition or predator avoidance. Species interactions can modify the degree of movement facilitated by chemotaxis. In this study, we investigated the influence of symbionts on Paramecium bursaria's chemotactic behavior toward chloroviruses. To achieve this, we performed choice experiments using chlorovirus and control candidate attractors (virus stabilization buffer and pond water). We quantified the movement of Paramecia grown with or without algal and viral symbionts toward each attractor. All Paramecia showed some chemotaxis toward viruses, but cells without algae and viruses showed the most movement toward viruses. Thus, the endosymbiotic algae (zoochlorellae) appeared to alter the movement of Paramecia toward chloroviruses, but it was not clear that ectosymbiotic viruses (chlorovirus) also had this effect. The change in behavior was consistent with a change in swimming speed, but a change in attraction remains possible. The potential costs and benefits of chemotactic movement toward chloroviruses for either the Paramecia hosts or its symbionts remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy V N Ho
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-2083, USA
| | - David D Dunigan
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0722, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - Miranda E Salsbery
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-2083, USA
| | - Irina V Agarkova
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0722, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - Zeina Al Ameeli
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0722, USA
- Medical Technical Institutes, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - James L Van Etten
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0722, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - John P DeLong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-2083, USA.
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10
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Kytinou E, Issaris Y, Sini M, Salomidi M, Katsanevakis S. ECOfast - An integrative ecological evaluation index for an ecosystem-based assessment of shallow rocky reefs. Journal of Environmental Management 2023; 344:118323. [PMID: 37354588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of marine ecosystems is a growing concern worldwide, emphasizing the need for efficient tools to assess their ecological status. Herein, a novel ecosystem-based ecological evaluation index of shallow rocky reefs is introduced and tested in the Aegean and Ionian Seas (NE Mediterranean). The index focuses on a specific set of pre-selected species, including habitat-forming, key, commercially important, and non-indigenous species, across a wide range of trophic levels (1.00-4.53). Data acquisition is conducted through rapid non-destructive SCUBA diving surveys to assess all macroscopic food web components (macroalgae, invertebrates, and fish). Two versions of the index, ECOfast and ECOfast-NIS, were developed, each applying a different approach to account for the impact of non-indigenous species. In our case study, the correlations between the two versions of the index and sea surface temperature, protection status, occurrence of carnivorous fish, and non-indigenous herbivores were assessed through generalized additive models (GAMs). The assessment assigned 93% (ECOfast) or 96% (ECOfast-NIS) of the sites to a moderate to bad ecological status, indicating an alarming situation in the shallow rocky reefs of the NE Mediterranean. Sites evaluated as poor or bad were characterized by extensive coverage of ephemeral macroalgae, absence or minimal presence of large indigenous carnivorous fish, and complete absence of one to three out of five invertebrate functional trophic groups. The community composition of macroalgae, herbivorous species, and carnivorous fishes differed between the 5 m and 15 m depth zones. Surface temperature and carnivorous fish occurrence were the most important tested predictors of the ecological status of shallow rocky reefs. The best GAMs showed that the ECOfast score declined with sea surface temperature and increased with the occurrence of carnivorous fish; ECOfast-NIS declined with sea surface temperature and the occurrence of non-indigenous fish and increased with the occurrence of carnivorous fish. The non-destructive and integrative nature of this approach, its speed of data acquisition and analysis, and its capacity to account for highly mobile predatory fish and non-indigenous species render the ECOfast index a novel, robust, and valuable tool for assessing the ecological status of shallow rocky reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kytinou
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, Lofos Panepistimiou, 81100, Mytilene, Greece; Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 46.7 km Athens Sounio Ave., 19013, Anavyssos, Greece.
| | - Yiannis Issaris
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 46.7 km Athens Sounio Ave., 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Maria Sini
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, Lofos Panepistimiou, 81100, Mytilene, Greece
| | - Maria Salomidi
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, 46.7 km Athens Sounio Ave., 19013, Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Stelios Katsanevakis
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of the Aegean, Lofos Panepistimiou, 81100, Mytilene, Greece
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11
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Kraus JM, Skrabis K, Ciparis S, Isanhart J, Kenney A, Hinck JE. Ecological Harm and Economic Damages of Chemical Contamination to Linked Aquatic-Terrestrial Food Webs: A Study-Design Tool for Practitioners. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023; 42:2029-2039. [PMID: 36920000 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of aquatic ecosystems can have cascading effects on terrestrial consumers by altering the availability and quality of aquatic insect prey. Comprehensive assessment of these indirect food-web effects of contaminants on natural resources and their associated services necessitates using both ecological and economic tools. In the present study we present an aquatic-terrestrial assessment tool (AT2), including ecological and economic decision trees, to aid practitioners and researchers in designing contaminant effect studies for linked aquatic-terrestrial insect-based food webs. The tool is tailored to address the development of legal claims by the US Department of the Interior's Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration Program, which aims to restore natural resources injured by oil spills and hazardous substance releases into the environment. Such cases require establishing, through scientific inquiry, the existence of natural resource injury as well as the determination of the monetary or in-kind project-based damages required to restore this injury. However, this tool is also useful to researchers interested in questions involving the effects of contaminants on linked aquatic-terrestrial food webs. Stylized cases exemplify how application of AT2 can help practitioners and researchers design studies when the contaminants present at a site are likely to lead to injury of terrestrial aerial insectivores through loss of aquatic insect prey and/or dietary contaminant exposure. Designing such studies with ecological endpoints and economic modeling inputs in mind will increase the relevance and cost-effectiveness of studies, which can in turn improve the outcomes of cases and studies involving the ecological effects of contaminants on food webs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2029-2039. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Kraus
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kristin Skrabis
- Office of Policy Analysis, US Department of the Interior, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Serena Ciparis
- Virginia Field Office, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Gloucester, Virginia, USA
| | - John Isanhart
- Office of Restoration and Damage Assessment, US Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Aleshia Kenney
- Illinois-Iowa Field Office, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Moline, Illinois, USA
| | - Jo Ellen Hinck
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, US Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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12
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Condini MV, Garcia AM, Bastos RF, Vollrath SR, Barbosa EF, Oliveira RL, Almeida LL, Hostim-Silva M. Hydroclimatic influence on the trophic ecology of Atlantic goliath grouper juveniles (Epinephelus itajara) in a tropical estuary using non-lethal methodologies. Mar Environ Res 2023; 190:106103. [PMID: 37473597 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The Atlantic goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara is the largest species of groupers in the Atlantic Ocean, reaching over 2 m total length and 400 kg. It has an ontogenetic migration, with adults using nearshore and offshore marine areas and juveniles inhabiting estuarine/mangrove areas. Despite of its high ecological relevance and classification as a threatened species for several decades in the IUCN red lists, critical phases of its life cycle, like juveniles inhabiting estuaries, are still poorly investigated. In this study, we evaluated if hydroclimatic changes may affect the trophic ecology of juveniles in a tropical estuary. We described their diet composition, isotopic niche area, food assimilation, and trophic position of juveniles across seasons using two non-lethal techniques: stomach content analysis using a stomach flushing procedure and stable isotope analysis using a dermal biopsy. A total of 87 individuals with TL ranging from 38 to 331 mm had their stomachs analyzed, of which 31 had food content. We identified 11 prey items, shrimp being the most abundant prey group (IRI% = 88.4), followed by fish (6.6), blue crab (2.8), and crab (2.2). A total of 93 specimens had their muscle's carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios analyzed (38-332 mm TL). Average δ13C values showed statistically significant changes across seasons, but no significant changes were observed for δ15N. As initially predicted, isotopic niche size of juveniles changed consistently along the entire hydroclimatic cycle, reaching its peak at the end of the wet season. We also observed changes in the proportion of prey assimilation by juveniles between seasons. Shrimp (92.1%) was the most assimilated prey group during the late dry season, whereas tidal crabs (36.7%), blue crab (27.8%), and shrimp (25.1%) were the most important in the late wet season. Average trophic position of juveniles remained similar across wet (3.32 ± 0.10) and dry (3.23 ± 0.11) seasons. These findings provide important information to help decision makers to promote more efficient management and conservation legislations to protect early life stages of the Atlantic goliath grouper in tropical estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario V Condini
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes Marinhos - LEPMAR, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, CEUNES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, BR-101, km 60 - Litorâneo, CEP: 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental (PPGOAM), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, CEP: 29055-460, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre M Garcia
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, Carreiros. 96.201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Bastos
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes Marinhos - LEPMAR, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, CEUNES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, BR-101, km 60 - Litorâneo, CEP: 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental (PPGOAM), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, CEP: 29055-460, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Sabrina R Vollrath
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália Km 8, Carreiros. 96.201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Ester F Barbosa
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes Marinhos - LEPMAR, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, CEUNES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, BR-101, km 60 - Litorâneo, CEP: 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Rafael L Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes Marinhos - LEPMAR, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, CEUNES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, BR-101, km 60 - Litorâneo, CEP: 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Animal - PPGBAN), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, CEP: 29055-460, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Lorena L Almeida
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes Marinhos - LEPMAR, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, CEUNES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, BR-101, km 60 - Litorâneo, CEP: 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Animal - PPGBAN), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, CEP: 29055-460, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Maurício Hostim-Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes Marinhos - LEPMAR, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Biológicas, CEUNES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, BR-101, km 60 - Litorâneo, CEP: 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental (PPGOAM), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, CEP: 29055-460, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Animal - PPGBAN), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, CEP: 29055-460, Vitória, ES, Brazil; Instituto Meros do Brasil, Rua Benjamin Cosntant 67, Conj. 1104, CEP: 80060-020, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Esteves-Aguilar J, Mussali-Galante P, Valencia-Cuevas L, García-Cigarrero AA, Rodríguez A, Castrejón-Godínez ML, Tovar-Sánchez E. Ecotoxicological effects of heavy metal bioaccumulation in two trophic levels. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:49840-49855. [PMID: 36781676 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The pollution generated by the heavy metals (HM) contained in mining wastes (tailings) is a worldwide recognized environmental concern. Due to the persistence, toxicity, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification capacity through the food chains, the release of HM into the environment causes negative effects on human health and the ecosystems. Wigandia urens Kunth (Boraginaceae) is a plant species that naturally establishes and grows in tailings and is consumed by the grasshopper Sphenarium purpurascens Charpentier (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphidae). HM accumulation in this plant and their subsequent consumption by defoliating insects allow these contaminants to enter the food webs and favor their biomagnification. This study evaluated the effect of HM bioaccumulation in the leaf tissue of W. urens on the characteristics associated with its physical defense against herbivores and the effect of HM exposure on population parameters of grasshoppers through their ontogeny under controlled conditions. The results showed a significant increase in leaf hardness and in the number of simple and glandular trichomes in the leaves of W. urens growing on mine tailing substrate compared to those grown on the control substrate without HM. W. urens individuals growing on mine tailing substrate presented the following heavy metal foliar bioaccumulation pattern: Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu. These metals were also bioaccumulated in individuals of S. purpurascens fed with leaves of the plants exposed to mine tailings, observing differences in their concentration pattern through ontogeny. Grasshoppers fed on leaf tissue containing HM showed higher mortality in the first two developmental instars and lower body biomass throughout their ontogeny in comparison to the individuals fed on leaf tissue of plants growing on the control treatment without HM. In conclusion, W. urens is a species with phytoremediation potential for soils contaminated with HM, since it is naturally established in contaminated sites, has a wide geographic distribution, and bioaccumulates significant amounts of different HM. Furthermore, as was observed in this report, the W. urens physical and chemical defense against herbivores was enhanced by HM exposure, compromising the fitness and development of the herbivore S. purpurascens through its ontogeny and thus interrupting the entry and transfer of heavy metal through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeth Esteves-Aguilar
- Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Patricia Mussali-Galante
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Leticia Valencia-Cuevas
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alexis Ariel García-Cigarrero
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alexis Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - María Luisa Castrejón-Godínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Efraín Tovar-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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14
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Merz E, Saberski E, Gilarranz LJ, Isles PDF, Sugihara G, Berger C, Pomati F. Disruption of ecological networks in lakes by climate change and nutrient fluctuations. Nat Clim Chang 2023; 13:389-396. [PMID: 37038592 PMCID: PMC10079529 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change interacts with local processes to threaten biodiversity by disrupting the complex network of ecological interactions. While changes in network interactions drastically affect ecosystems, how ecological networks respond to climate change, in particular warming and nutrient supply fluctuations, is largely unknown. Here, using an equation-free modelling approach on monthly plankton community data in ten Swiss lakes, we show that the number and strength of plankton community interactions fluctuate and respond nonlinearly to water temperature and phosphorus. While lakes show system-specific responses, warming generally reduces network interactions, particularly under high phosphate levels. This network reorganization shifts trophic control of food webs, leading to consumers being controlled by resources. Small grazers and cyanobacteria emerge as sensitive indicators of changes in plankton networks. By exposing the outcomes of a complex interplay between environmental drivers, our results provide tools for studying and advancing our understanding of how climate change impacts entire ecological communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Merz
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Erik Saberski
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Luis J. Gilarranz
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peter D. F. Isles
- Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, Montpelier, VT USA
| | - George Sugihara
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Christine Berger
- Stadt Zuerich, Wasserversorgung, Qualitaetsueberwachung, Zuerich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Pomati
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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15
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Gerstle V, Manfrin A, Kolbenschlag S, Gerken M, Islam ASMMU, Entling MH, Bundschuh M, Brühl CA. Benthic macroinvertebrate community shifts based on Bti-induced chironomid reduction also decrease Odonata emergence. Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120488. [PMID: 36306884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chironomid larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae) often dominate aquatic macroinvertebrate communities and are a key food source for many aquatic predators, such as dragonfly and damselfly larvae (Odonata). Changes in aquatic macroinvertebrate communities may propagate through terrestrial food webs via altered insect emergence. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti)-based larvicides are widely used in mosquito control but can also reduce the abundance of non-biting chironomid larvae. We applied the maximum field rate of Bti used in mosquito control three times to six mesocosms in a replicated floodplain pond mesocosm (FPM) system in spring for two consecutive years, while the remaining six FPMs were untreated. Three weeks after the third Bti application in the first year, we recorded on average a 41% reduction of chironomid larvae in Bti-treated FPMs compared to untreated FPMs and a shift in benthic macroinvertebrate community composition driven by the reduced number of chironomid, Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae larvae (Odonata). Additionally, the number of emerging Libellulidae (estimated by sampling of exuviae in the second year) was reduced by 54% in Bti-treated FPMs. Since Odonata larvae are not directly susceptible to Bti, our results suggest indirect effects due to reduced prey availability (i.e., chironomid larvae) or increased intraguild predation. As Libellulidae include species of conservation concern, the necessity of Bti applications to their habitats, e.g. floodplains, should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Gerstle
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Manfrin
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Sara Kolbenschlag
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Maximilian Gerken
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany; Eußerthal Ecosystem Research Station, University of Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße 13, D-76857, Eußerthal, Germany
| | - A S M Mufachcher Ul Islam
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Martin H Entling
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany; Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SWE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carsten A Brühl
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, University of Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße 7, D-76829, Landau, Germany
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16
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Bradford MA, Mallory ML, O'Driscoll NJ. The Complex Interactions Between Sediment Geochemistry, Methylmercury Production, and Bioaccumulation in Intertidal Estuarine Ecosystems: A Focused Review. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2022; 110:26. [PMID: 36571620 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to their natural geochemistry, intertidal estuarine ecosystems are vulnerable to bioaccumulation of methylmercury (MeHg), a neurotoxin that readily bioaccumulates in organisms. Determining MeHg concentrations in intertidal invertebrates at the base of the food web is crucial in determining MeHg exposure in higher trophic level organisms like fish and birds. The processes that govern the production of MeHg in coastal ecosystems are influenced by many geochemical factors including sulfur species, organic matter, and salinity. The interactions of these factors with mercury are complex, and a wide variety of results have been reported in the literature. This paper reviews conceptual models to better clarify the various geochemical and physical factors that impact MeHg production and bioavailability in intertidal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark L Mallory
- Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Nelson J O'Driscoll
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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17
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Sakai M, Ishii Y, Tsuji H, Tanaka A, Jo J, Negishi JN, Hayashi S. Contrasting seasonality of 137Cs concentrations in two stream animals that share a trophic niche. Environ Pollut 2022; 315:120474. [PMID: 36270568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the seasonality of 137Cs concentrations in aquatic animals is crucial for reviving local inland fisheries. The seasonality of 137Cs concentrations in animals is expected to vary, even if focal species consume similarly contaminated foods because the 137Cs excretion rate is species-specific, and 137Cs uptake by foraging autochthonous food resources also vary among seasons. Here, we conducted a seasonal monitoring survey of dissolved 137Cs concentrations as an indicator of the contamination level of food resources and measured 137Cs concentrations in two carnivorous aquatic animals (Palaemon paucidens and Rhinogobius sp.) that share a trophic niche in a stream connected to a dam reservoir. The dissolved 137Cs concentration had clear seasonality-high in summer and low in winter. The 137Cs concentrations in the animals revealed a different seasonal pattern-it peaked in October in P. paucidens and peaked in February in Rhinogobius. Overall, the 137Cs concentration was relatively higher in P. paucidens than in Rhinogobius, suggesting that P. paucidens has a lower excretion rate than Rhinogobius. Consequently, the seasonality of the 137Cs concentration in P. paucidens showed temporal changes similar to those of the dissolved 137Cs concentration, which were likely affected by 137Cs uptake through foraging, whereas that in Rhinogobius was controlled by 137Cs excretion. This study shows that the seasonality of 137Cs concentration can differ between sympatric animals that share a trophic niche. Accumulating knowledge and comparing the seasonality of 137Cs concentrations in fisheries species based on the balance between uptake and excretion will be valuable to determine the appropriate seasons to obtain less-contaminated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakai
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, Tamura District, 963-7700, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Ishii
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, Tamura District, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Hideki Tsuji
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, Tamura District, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Asuka Tanaka
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, Tamura District, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Jaeick Jo
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, Tamura District, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Junjiro N Negishi
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Seiji Hayashi
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, Tamura District, 963-7700, Japan
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18
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Brito-Lolaia M, Figueiredo GGAAD, Neumann-Leitão S, Yogui GT, Schwamborn R. Can the stable isotope variability in a zooplankton time series be explained by its key species? Mar Environ Res 2022; 181:105737. [PMID: 36075155 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope (SI) analysis is a standard tool to study marine food webs, usually based on the measurement of a few individuals from a small list of subjectively pre-defined species. The main objective of this study was to find out which species are significantly associated with the temporal variability of the SI composition of zooplankton in a tropical marine ecosystem. We investigated this by means of a novel species-biomass-isotopes-mixture (SBIM) approach that uses a relative biomass matrix to explain the SI signature of the zooplankton community. Furthermore, SBIM was applied to detect key taxa that can be considered bioindicators for important descriptors of ecosystem state (e.g., oligotrophy, carbon sources, mean trophic level). Plankton samples (64 μm mesh size) were obtained in Tamandaré Bay (northeastern Brazil) from June 2013 to August 2019. One aliquot of each sample was taken for stable isotope measurements and one for taxonomic identification and estimation of size and relative biomass. Total zooplankton biomass differed significantly between years, seasons and stations. Total zooplankton δ13C values ranged from -21.0 to -18.2‰ (mean ± standard deviation: -19.7 ± 0.7‰ in the dry season, and -19.4 ± 0.8‰ in the rainy season). Total zooplankton δ15N values ranged from 3.8 to 9.0‰ (7.0 ± 1.0‰ in the dry season, and 6.5 ± 1.2‰ rainy season). Total zooplankton C/N ratios ranged from 3.5 to 5.0 (4.2 ± 0.4 in the dry season and 4.2 ± 0.3 in the rainy season). The sparsely abundant and relatively large-sized copepod Pseudodiaptomus acutus was the most important species for explaining the variability in δ15N (22% of the total variability). Relative biomass (%) of P. acutus showed a strong positive correlation with δ15N, indicating a high trophic level (TL). Our results highlight the importance of less abundant taxa for marine food webs. Small-sized invertebrate larvae were negatively correlated with δ15N, indicating a TL below average. The copepod Dioithona oculata was the most important organism in explaining the δ13C of zooplankton (17.7% of the total variability, positive correlation with δ13C), indicating possible selective use of a13C-enriched food source (e.g., diatoms) by this cyclopoid copepod. Oithona spp. juveniles showed a negative relationship with zooplankton C/N ratio, which can be indicators of an oligotrophic ecosystem state and lipid-poor zooplankton. The tintinnid F. ehrenbergii showed a positive correlation with C/N, being an indicator for turbid "green waters'', during the rainy season, when the ecosystem was in a eutrophic state, with high lipid contents in the zooplankton community. The proposed SBIM approach opens up a novel pathway to understanding the factors and species that shape the temporal variability of food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Brito-Lolaia
- Dept. of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-550, Brazil
| | | | - Sigrid Neumann-Leitão
- Dept. of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Dept. of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Ralf Schwamborn
- Dept. of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Arquitetura s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50740-550, Brazil.
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19
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Figueroa-Muñoz G, Arismendi I, Urzúa Á, Guzmán-Rivas F, Fierro P, Gomez-Uchida D. Consumption of marine-derived nutrients from invasive Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) transfer ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids to invasive resident rainbow trout (O. mykiss). Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:157077. [PMID: 35780893 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine-derived nutrients (MDN) contained in gametes (mature eggs and sperm), carcasses and metabolic wastes from anadromous migratory salmon can transfer energy and materials to fresh water, thereby affecting the structure and function of stream ecosystems. This is crucial among ecosystems where humans have mediated biological invasions by propagating non-native species. Previous studies have demonstrated that consumption of MDN from salmon can benefit both native and invasive resident fishes. Yet, a more detailed understanding of the transfer of biomolecules with important physiological functions such as ω-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) have received less attention among researchers. Here we demonstrate that consumption of MDN contained in invasive Chinook salmon eggs transfers ω-3 HUFAs (e.g., EPA and DHA) to resident invasive rainbow trout in a river food web. We conducted a field study in river sections previously identified as spawning areas for Chinook salmon in the Cisnes River, Patagonia. Rainbow trout were sampled around salmon spawning areas before, during, and after the salmon spawning season. Additionally, we collected tissue from different food web resources and components of different origin (e.g., primary producers, aquatic and terrestrial items) from the Cisnes River system. Analyses of stomach contents of trout were performed in conjunction with analyses of both lipid content and fatty acid profiles of trout tissue and food web components. Chinook salmon eggs showed higher content of ω-3 HUFAs, especially EPA (31.08 ± 23.08 mg g DW-1) and DHA (27.50 ± 14.11 mg g DW-1) than either freshwater or terrestrial components (0-6.10 mg g DW-1 both EPA and DHA). We detected marked shifts in the fatty acid profile (~six-fold increase in EPA and DHA) of trout following consumption of Chinook salmon eggs. Our findings suggest that MDN via consumption of salmon eggs by resident rainbow trout may positively influence resident trout and likely contribute to gauge synergistic interactions between invaders on receiving ecosystems of Patagonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Figueroa-Muñoz
- Programa Magíster en Ciencias mención Pesquerías, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Genomics in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Laboratory (GEECLAB), Department of Zoology, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile; Universidad Católica de Temuco, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ivan Arismendi
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Ángel Urzúa
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fabián Guzmán-Rivas
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile; Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Casilla 297, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo Fierro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniel Gomez-Uchida
- Genomics in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Laboratory (GEECLAB), Department of Zoology, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción, Chile.
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20
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McKinney MA, Chételat J, Burke SM, Elliott KH, Fernie KJ, Houde M, Kahilainen KK, Letcher RJ, Morris AD, Muir DCG, Routti H, Yurkowski DJ. Climate change and mercury in the Arctic: Biotic interactions. Sci Total Environ 2022; 834:155221. [PMID: 35427623 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has led to profound alterations of the Arctic environment and ecosystems, with potential secondary effects on mercury (Hg) within Arctic biota. This review presents the current scientific evidence for impacts of direct physical climate change and indirect ecosystem change on Hg exposure and accumulation in Arctic terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms. As the marine environment is elevated in Hg compared to the terrestrial environment, terrestrial herbivores that now exploit coastal/marine foods when terrestrial plants are iced over may be exposed to higher Hg concentrations. Conversely, certain populations of predators, including Arctic foxes and polar bears, have shown lower Hg concentrations related to reduced sea ice-based foraging and increased land-based foraging. How climate change influences Hg in Arctic freshwater fishes is not clear, but for lacustrine populations it may depend on lake-specific conditions, including interrelated alterations in lake ice duration, turbidity, food web length and energy sources (benthic to pelagic), and growth dilution. In several marine mammal and seabird species, tissue Hg concentrations have shown correlations with climate and weather variables, including climate oscillation indices and sea ice trends; these findings suggest that wind, precipitation, and cryosphere changes that alter Hg transport and deposition are impacting Hg concentrations in Arctic marine organisms. Ecological changes, including northward range shifts of sub-Arctic species and altered body condition, have also been shown to affect Hg levels in some populations of Arctic marine species. Given the limited number of populations and species studied to date, especially within Arctic terrestrial and freshwater systems, further research is needed on climate-driven processes influencing Hg concentrations in Arctic ecosystems and their net effects. Long-term pan-Arctic monitoring programs should consider ancillary datasets on climate, weather, organism ecology and physiology to improve interpretation of spatial variation and time trends of Hg in Arctic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A McKinney
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3 V9, Canada.
| | - John Chételat
- Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Samantha M Burke
- Minnow Aquatic Environmental Services, Guelph, ON N1H 1E9, Canada
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3 V9, Canada
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Magali Houde
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Montréal, QC H2Y 5E7, Canada
| | - Kimmo K Kahilainen
- Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Adam D Morris
- Northern Contaminants Program, Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada, Gatineau, QC J8X 2V6, Canada
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Heli Routti
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - David J Yurkowski
- Arctic Aquatic Research Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada
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21
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Hammill E, Pendleton M, Brahney J, Kettenring KM, Atwood TB. Metal concentrations in wetland plant tissues influences transfer to terrestrial food webs. Ecotoxicology 2022; 31:836-845. [PMID: 35524029 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02550-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wetland plants tolerate potentially hazardous metals through a variety of strategies, including exclusion or accumulation. Whether plants sequester metals and where they store them in their tissues is important for understanding the potential role of plants as remediators or vectors of metals to terrestrial food webs. Here we evaluate metal sequestration in Great Salt Lake wetlands for one invasive (Phragmites australis; phragmites) and three native plant species, i.e. threesquare bulrush (Schoenoplectus americanus), hardstem bulrush (Schoenoplectus acutus), alkali bulrush (Bolboschoenus maritimus), and their terrestrial invertebrates. We observed higher concentrations of arsenic and copper than other metals in plant tissues, although high lead concentrations were observed in phragmites. All plants acted as excluders of arsenic and selenium, retaining the bulk of the metal mass in belowground tissues. In contrast, lead, copper, and cadmium were transferred to above ground tissues of hardstem bulrush and phragmites. The aboveground translocation facilitated the movement of these metals into invertebrates, with the highest concentrations in most cases found in predators. Though our results highlight the potential for metal remediation via wetland plant growth and removal, care should be taken to ensure that remediation efforts do not lead to bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edd Hammill
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, 84322, UT, United States.
| | - Maya Pendleton
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, 84322, UT, United States
| | - Janice Brahney
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, 84322, UT, United States
| | - Karin M Kettenring
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, 84322, UT, United States
| | - Trisha B Atwood
- Department of Watershed Sciences and the Ecology Center, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, 84322, UT, United States
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22
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Hu N, Bourdeau PE, Harlos C, Liu Y, Hollander J. Meta-analysis reveals variance in tolerance to climate change across marine trophic levels. Sci Total Environ 2022; 827:154244. [PMID: 35245550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are currently facing a variety of anthropogenic perturbations, including climate change. Trophic differences in response to climate change may disrupt ecological interactions and thereby threaten marine ecosystem function. Yet, we still do not have a comprehensive understanding of how different trophic levels respond to climate change stressors in marine ecosystems. By including 1278 experiments, comprising 236 different marine species from 18 different phyla in a meta-analysis of studies measuring the direct effect of ocean acidification and ocean warming on marine organisms, we found that higher trophic level species display greater tolerance to ocean acidification but greater sensitivity to warming. In contrast, marine herbivores were the most vulnerable trophic level to both acidification and warming. Such imbalances in the community and a general reduction of biodiversity and biomass in lower trophic levels can significantly disrupt the system and could drive negative bottom-up effects. In conclusion, with ocean acidification and elevated temperatures, there is an alarming risk that trophic disparity may disrupt species interactions, and thereby drive community destabilization under ocean climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Biology- Aquatic ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul E Bourdeau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - Christian Harlos
- Department of Biology- Aquatic ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biology- Aquatic ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Johan Hollander
- Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute, World Maritime University, Malmö, Sweden.
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23
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McMullin RM, Wing SR, Sabadel AJ, Hageman KJ. Experimentally derived biochemical modelling parameters to improve understanding of aquaculture's effect on marine food webs. Mar Environ Res 2022; 178:105645. [PMID: 35644076 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To construct robust biogeochemical models for application to marine-based aquaculture settings, careful selection of appropriate model parameters is necessary. This study used an experimental approach to establish biomarkers of farm and marine-derived organic matter, and to derive isotopic turnover rates, and trophic discrimination factors specific to aquaculture associated food webs. A shift towards a farm-derived resource base resulted in consumer tissues more depleted in the carbon-13 isotope (indicated by more negative δ13C values) and a higher proportion of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linoleic acid in the fatty acid profile of consumers over time. Measured trophic discrimination factors between dietary sources and consumer tissues demonstrated high variability among species and tissue types, ranging from -0.25‰ to 0.82‰ for Δ13C and from -0.77‰ to 6.8‰ for Δ15N. Stable isotope half-lives were also diverse among species and tissue types, ranging from <7 days to 462 days. Results demonstrated that construction of robust models for tracing assimilation of farm-derived organic matter through marine food webs requires the use of taxa and tissue specific parameters. Turnover rates have applications for understanding assimilative capacity of communities and for managing populations within the ecological footprint of farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M McMullin
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Stephen R Wing
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Kimberley J Hageman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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24
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Wu S, Dong Y, Deng Y, Cui L, Zhuang X. Protistan consumers and phototrophs are more sensitive than bacteria and fungi to pyrene exposure in soil. Sci Total Environ 2022; 822:153539. [PMID: 35104532 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The levels of organic pollutants, in particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are increasing worldwide, yet we lack clarity on how these pollutants affect microbial communities of different trophic levels, including protists, fungi, and bacteria. Herein, we conducted soil microcosm incubation experiments to investigate the effects of pyrene, a typical PAH, on microbial communities along concentration gradients from 0 to 500 mg kg-1 soil. Protistan communities were more sensitive to pollutants than fungal and bacterial communities, and protistan consumers and phototrophs were the dominant trophic functional groups. In addition, by assessing changes in the diversity and structure of the soil microbiome and ecological networks, we found that the microbial communities, including the protistan community and the two trophic communities composed of protists and their prey, were destabilized with increasing stress and pyrene concentrations. We identified links and complicated relationships between phototrophs, bacteria, and consumers in food webs, which explain the importance of protists in stabilizing the microbial community. Collectively, our work provides novel evidence that protists are considerably sensitive to pollution stress, and caution should be exercised in future evaluations of the protistan and multitrophic communities in polluted soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuzhu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ye Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijuan Cui
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Function and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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25
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Blanchet CC, Arzel C, Davranche A, Kahilainen KK, Secondi J, Taipale S, Lindberg H, Loehr J, Manninen-Johansen S, Sundell J, Maanan M, Nummi P. Ecology and extent of freshwater browning - What we know and what should be studied next in the context of global change. Sci Total Environ 2022; 812:152420. [PMID: 34953836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water browning or brownification refers to increasing water color, often related to increasing dissolved organic matter (DOM) and carbon (DOC) content in freshwaters. Browning has been recognized as a significant physicochemical phenomenon altering boreal lakes, but our understanding of its ecological consequences in different freshwater habitats and regions is limited. Here, we review the consequences of browning on different freshwater habitats, food webs and aquatic-terrestrial habitat coupling. We examine global trends of browning and DOM/DOC, and the use of remote sensing as a tool to investigate browning from local to global scales. Studies have focused on lakes and rivers while seldom addressing effects at the catchment scale. Other freshwater habitats such as small and temporary waterbodies have been overlooked, making the study of the entire network of the catchment incomplete. While past research investigated the response of primary producers, aquatic invertebrates and fishes, the effects of browning on macrophytes, invasive species, and food webs have been understudied. Research has focused on freshwater habitats without considering the fluxes between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. We highlight the importance of understanding how the changes in one habitat may cascade to another. Browning is a broader phenomenon than the heretofore concentration on the boreal region. Overall, we propose that future studies improve the ecological understanding of browning through the following research actions: 1) increasing our knowledge of ecological processes of browning in other wetland types than lakes and rivers, 2) assessing the impact of browning on aquatic food webs at multiple scales, 3) examining the effects of browning on aquatic-terrestrial habitat coupling, 4) expanding our knowledge of browning from the local to global scale, and 5) using remote sensing to examine browning and its ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse C Blanchet
- Department of Biology, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Céline Arzel
- Department of Biology, FI-20014, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Aurélie Davranche
- CNRS UMR 6554 LETG, University of Angers, 2 Boulevard Lavoisier, FR-49000 Angers, France
| | - Kimmo K Kahilainen
- University of Helsinki, Lammi Biological Station, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland
| | - Jean Secondi
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; Faculty of Sciences, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Sami Taipale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Henrik Lindberg
- HAMK University of Applied Sciences, Forestry Programme, Saarelantie 1, FI-16970 Evo, Finland
| | - John Loehr
- University of Helsinki, Lammi Biological Station, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland
| | | | - Janne Sundell
- University of Helsinki, Lammi Biological Station, Pääjärventie 320, FI-16900 Lammi, Finland
| | - Mohamed Maanan
- UMR CNRS 6554, University of Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Petri Nummi
- Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Buchanan PJ, Tagliabue A, de la Vega C, Mahaffey C. Oceanographic and biogeochemical drivers cause divergent trends in the nitrogen isoscape in a changing Arctic Ocean. Ambio 2022; 51:383-397. [PMID: 34628601 PMCID: PMC8692545 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01635-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N) are used to study food web and foraging dynamics due to the step-wise enrichment of tissues with increasing trophic level, but they rely on the isoscape baseline that varies markedly in the Arctic due to the interplay between Atlantic- and Pacific-origin waters. Using a hierarchy of simulations with a state-of-the-art ocean-biogeochemical model, we demonstrate that the canonical isotopic gradient of 2-3‰ between the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Arctic Ocean has grown to 3-4‰ and will continue to expand under a high emissions climate change scenario by the end of the twenty-first century. δ15N increases in the Pacific-influenced high Arctic due to increased primary production, while Atlantic sector decreases result from the integrated effects of Atlantic inflow and anthropogenic inputs. While these trends will complicate longitudinal food web studies using δ15N, they may aid those focussed on movement as the Arctic isoscape becomes more regionally distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearse James Buchanan
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L693GP UK
| | - Alessandro Tagliabue
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L693GP UK
| | - Camille de la Vega
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L693GP UK
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, 18119 Rostock, Germany
| | - Claire Mahaffey
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 4 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L693GP UK
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Ain Bhutto SU, You X. Spatial distribution of microplastics in Chinese freshwater ecosystem and impacts on food webs. Environ Pollut 2022; 293:118494. [PMID: 34780753 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been a lot of discussion about the rapid increase of microplastics (MPs) due to their persistence, ubiquity, and toxicity. The widespread distribution of MPs in various freshwater ecosystems makes them available for different trophic levels biota. The ingestion and trophic transfer of MPs may induce potential impacts on freshwater food webs. Therefore, this systematic review is an in-depth review of 51 recent studies to confirm the spatial distribution of MPs in the Chinese freshwater ecosystem including water, sediment and biota, exposure pathways, and impacts on freshwater food webs. The result suggested the white, transparent and colored, Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE) of <1 mm fibers were dominant in Chinese freshwaters. The uptake of MPs by various freshwater organisms as well as physiological, biological and chemical impacts on food webs were also elucidated. At last, some limitations were discussed for future studies to better understand the effects of MPs on food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seerat Ul Ain Bhutto
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xueyi You
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Bada N, Da Ros Z, Rindi F, Busi S, Azzurro E, Derbal F, Fanelli E. Seasonal trophic ecology of the invasive crab Percnon gibbesi (Brachyura, Plagusiidae) in the southwestern mediterranean: Insights from stomach contents and stable isotope analyses. Mar Environ Res 2022; 173:105513. [PMID: 34763316 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The invasive sally lightfoot crab Percnon gibbesi (H. Milne Edwards, 1853) has spread among the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, including the coasts of Annaba Gulf (Algeria). Investigating the trophic position of the species and looking for the seasonal variations in the diet of this alien decapod was the aim of this study. To do this, samples of P. gibbesi were collected along Annaba coasts within a year. The traditional stomach content analysis (SCA) was integrated to the stable isotope analysis (SIA) of nitrogen and carbon to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the feeding ecology of P. gibbesi, and its within-year variability. Results highlighted, for the first time, significant seasonal variation in P. gibbesi diet, improving our understanding of its trophic plasticity and potential dietary overlaps with other herbivore species. Its feeding plasticity is an asset in the successful expansion of its distribution. Relating its diet composition through the different seasons with the interactions with native herbivores will be essential to fully appreciate the impact of the spread of P. gibbesi in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bada
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresources, Department Marine Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji- Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Z Da Ros
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
| | - F Rindi
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - S Busi
- ENEA - Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Via M.M. Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - E Azzurro
- National Research Council - Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies (CNR-IRBIM), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125, Ancona, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - F Derbal
- Laboratory of Marine Bioresources, Department Marine Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Badji- Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - E Fanelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy.
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Ullah H, Fordham DA, Nagelkerken I. Climate change negates positive CO 2 effects on marine species biomass and productivity by altering the strength and direction of trophic interactions. Sci Total Environ 2021; 801:149624. [PMID: 34419906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest challenges in more accurately forecasting the effects of climate change on future food web dynamics relates to how climate change affects multi-trophic species interactions, particularly when multiple interacting stressors are considered. Using a dynamic food web model, we investigate the individual and combined effect of ocean warming and acidification on changes in trophic interaction strengths (both direct and indirect) and the consequent effects on biomass structure of food web functional groups. To do this, we mimicked a species-rich multi-trophic-level temperate shallow-water rocky reef food web and integrated empirical data from mesocosm experiments on altered species interactions under warming and acidification, into food-web models. We show that a low number of strong temperature-driven changes in direct trophic interactions (feeding and competition) will largely determine the magnitude of biomass change (either increase or decrease) of high-order consumers, with increasing consumer biomass suppressing that of prey species. Ocean acidification, in contrast, alters a large number of weak indirect interactions (e.g. cascading effects of increased or decreased abundances of other groups), enabling a large increase in consumer and prey biomass. The positive effects of ocean acidification are driven by boosted primary productivity, with energy flowing up to higher trophic levels. We show that warming is a much stronger driver of positive as well as negative modifications of species biomass compared to ocean acidification. Warming affects a much smaller number of existing trophic interactions, though, with direct consumer-resource effects being more important than indirect effects. We conclude that the functional role of consumers in future food webs will be largely regulated by alterations in the strength of direct trophic interactions under ocean warming, with ensuing effects on the biomass structure of marine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadayet Ullah
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Damien A Fordham
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Komisarenko A, Mordukhovich V, Ekimova I, Imbs A. A comparison of food sources of nudibranch mollusks at different depths off the Kuril Islands using fatty acid trophic markers. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12336. [PMID: 34900407 PMCID: PMC8627124 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastropod molluscs such as nudibranchs are important members of deep-sea benthic ecosystems. However, data on the trophic ecology and feeding specialization of these animals are limited to date. The method of fatty acid trophic markers (FATM) was applied to determine the dietary preferences of nudibranchs off the Kuril Islands. Fatty acid (FA) compositions of Dendronotus sp., Tritonia tetraquetra, and Colga pacifica collected from deep waters were analyzed and compared with those of Aeolidia papillosa and Coryphella verrucosa from the offshore zone. The high level of FATM such as 22:5n-6 and C20 monounsaturated FAs indicated that Dendronotus sp. preys on sea anemones and/or anthoathecates hydroids similarly to that of shallow-water species A. papillosa and C. verrucosa. The high percentage of tetracosapolyenoic acids and the ratio 24:6n-3/24:5n-6 indicated that T. tetraquetra preys on soft corals such as Gersemia and/or Acanella at a depth of 250 m, but soft corals of the family Primnoidae may be the main item in the diet of T. tetraquetra at a depth of 500 m. The high content of Δ 7,13-22:2 and 22:6n-3 shows that C. pacifica can feed on bryozoans. In C. pacifica, 22:5n-6 may be synthesized intrinsically by the mollusks, whereas odd-chain and branched saturated FAs originate from associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii Komisarenko
- Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Mordukhovich
- Laboratory of Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,Department of Ecology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Ekimova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Imbs
- Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry, A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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31
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Papantoniou G, Giannoulaki M, Stoumboudi MT, Lefkaditou E, Tsagarakis K. Food web interactions in a human dominated Mediterranean coastal ecosystem. Mar Environ Res 2021; 172:105507. [PMID: 34742025 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean coastal ecosystems provide various valuable ecosystem goods and services; however, they are vulnerable to ecological degradation due to a dramatic increase in resource use and environmental stress. Disentangling the effects of multiple human interventions on coastal ecosystems requires whole description of food web interactions using quantitative tools. A mass balance Ecopath model has been developed here for Saronikos Gulf, a naturally oligotrophic Mediterranean coastal ecosystem with a long history of human interventions. Our main focus was to describe the structure and functioning of the ecosystem, investigate the trophic interplay among the various compartments of the food web under the impact of mixed multi-gear fisheries, and to quantify resilience related emergent ecosystem properties. To this end, we reviewed a large amount of local and regional biological information which was integrated in 40 functional groups covering all trophic levels, while fishing activities were described with 7 fleets. The model shared characteristics of both productive (e.g., high amount of flows) and oligotrophic systems (e.g., low biomass accumulation) and presented typical features of Mediterranean ecosystem functioning, such as the importance of detritus as an energy source, strong benthic-pelagic coupling and the dominance of the pelagic compartment in terms of total production and consumption. Trophic forcing in the ecosystem of Saronikos Gulf was complex with both top-down and bottom-up drivers being important. Zooplankton was the central nexus between basal resources and higher trophic levels, while top predators such as hake, squids and anglerfish were identified as keystone species presenting a significant overall effect on the food web via direct and indirect trophic interactions. Ecological indicators depicted a moderately complex food-web of a large and immature ecosystem with its strengths in reserve being affected by environmental degradation. Additionally, exploitation indices classified fishing activities in Saronikos Gulf as unsustainable, affecting several target groups, including high trophic level species. However, the morphological and bathymetric complexity of Saronikos Gulf seems to function as a natural ecological reserve for the ecosystem by providing nursery grounds to various species (e.g., hake, small pelagic fishes) and supporting important fish stocks for local fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Papantoniou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece.
| | - Marianna Giannoulaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, P.O. Box 2214, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Maria Th Stoumboudi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece.
| | - Evgenia Lefkaditou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Tsagarakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece.
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Mor JR, Muñoz I, Sabater S, Zamora L, Ruhi A. Energy limitation or sensitive predators? Trophic and non-trophic impacts of wastewater pollution on stream food webs. Ecology 2021; 103:e03587. [PMID: 34792187 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Impacts of environmental stressors on food webs are often difficult to predict because trophic levels can respond in divergent ways, and biotic interactions may dampen or amplify responses. Here we studied food-web level impacts of urban wastewater pollution, a widespread source of degradation that can alter stream food webs via top-down and bottom-up processes. Wastewater may (i) subsidize primary producers by decreasing nutrient limitation, inducing a wide-bottomed trophic pyramid. However, (ii) wastewater may also reduce the quality and diversity of resources, which could decrease energy transfer efficiency by reducing consumer fitness, leading to predator starvation. Additionally, (iii) if higher trophic levels are particularly sensitive to pollution, primary consumers could be released from predation pressure. We tested these hypotheses in 10 pairs of stream sites located upstream and downstream of urban wastewater effluents with different pollutant levels. We found that wastewater pollution reduced predator richness by ~34%. Community Size Spectra (CSS) slopes were steeper downstream than upstream of wastewater effluents-in all except one impact site where predators became locally extinct. Further, variation in downstream CSS slopes were correlated with pollution loads: the more polluted the stream, the steeper the CSS. We estimate that wastewater pollution decreased energy transfer efficiencies to primary consumers by ~70%, limiting energy supply to predators. Additionally, traits increasing vulnerability to chemical pollution were overrepresented among predators, which presented compressed trophic niches (δ15 N- δ13 C) downstream of effluents. Our results show that wastewater pollution can impact stream food webs via a combination of energy limitation to consumers and extirpation of pollution-sensitive top predators. Understanding the indirect (biotically-mediated) vs. direct (abiotic) mechanisms controlling responses to stress may help anticipating impacts of altered water quantity and quality-key signatures of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi-René Mor
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, Spain.,Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Lluís Zamora
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Albert Ruhi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
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Sucharitakul P, Pitt KA, Welsh DT. Trophic transfer of microbeads to jellyfish and the importance of aging microbeads for microplastic experiments. Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 172:112867. [PMID: 34425362 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Concepts in microplastics studies are not well established due to the emerging nature of microplastic research, especially in jellyfish. We conducted experiments to test whether ephyrae would ingest more microbeads via trophic transfer than direct ingestion and whether medusae would ingest more aged microbeads than virgin microbeads. We exposed ephyrae of Aurelia coerulea to two treatments, aged microbeads and Artemia nauplii that had ingested microbeads. We found that the ephyrae ingested 35 times more microbeads via trophic transfer than by direct ingestion. In the second experiment, medusae of A. coerulea were exposed to virgin microbeads and microbeads in seawater under a 12/12 light/dark cycle or constant darkness. Ingestion rates of microbeads from the light incubation were greater than those from the dark incubation or virgin microbeads, suggesting the likely presence of photosynthetic organisms in biofilms from the light incubation increased the palatability of the microbeads and promoted their ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuping Sucharitakul
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 4222, Australia.
| | - Kylie A Pitt
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 4222, Australia
| | - David T Welsh
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4215, Australia; Future Industry Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
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34
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Sakai M, Tsuji H, Ishii Y, Ozaki H, Takechi S, Jo J, Tamaoki M, Hayashi S, Gomi T. Untangling radiocesium dynamics of forest-stream ecosystems: A review of Fukushima studies in the decade after the accident. Environ Pollut 2021; 288:117744. [PMID: 34243085 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forest-stream ecosystems are widespread and biodiverse terrestrial landscapes with physical and social connections to downstream human activities. After radiocesium is introduced into these ecosystems, various material flows cause its accumulation or dispersal. We review studies conducted in the decade after the Fukushima nuclear accident to clarify the mechanisms of radiocesium transfer within ecosystems and to downstream areas through biological, hydrological, and geomorphological processes. After its introduction, radiocesium is heavily deposited in the organic soil layer, leading to persistent circulation due to biological activities in soils. Some radiocesium in soils, litter, and organisms is transported to stream ecosystems, forming contamination spots in depositional habitats. While reservoir dams function as effective traps, radiocesium leaching from sediments is a continual phenomenon causing re-contamination downstream. Integration of data regarding radiocesium dynamics and contamination sites, as proposed here, is essential for contamination management in societies depending on nuclear power to address the climate crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Sakai
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
| | - Hideki Tsuji
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Yumiko Ishii
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ozaki
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takechi
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Jaeick Jo
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Masanori Tamaoki
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Seiji Hayashi
- Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, 10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura District, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan
| | - Takashi Gomi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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35
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Huston DC, Cribb TH, Welicky RL. STABLE ISOTOPE SIGNATURES OF AN ACANTHOCEPHALAN AND TREMATODE FROM THE HERBIVOROUS MARINE FISH KYPHOSUS BIGIBBUS (PERCIFORMES: KYPHOSIDAE). J Parasitol 2021; 107:726-730. [PMID: 34534332 DOI: 10.1645/21-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope analyses of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) are useful for elucidating consumer relationships of free-living organisms, as carbon isotopes indicate dietary carbon sources and incremental increases in nitrogen isotopic enrichment are correlated with increases in trophic position. However, host-parasite relationships are more difficult to interpret using isotopes, as data from different host-parasite systems rarely show any consistent pattern. This inconsistency of pattern reflects the complexity of host-parasite relationships, but also the scarcity of data from a diverse assemblage of host-parasite systems. We present stable isotope data from a host-parasite system including 2 ecologically contrasting helminths, an acanthocephalan (Filisoma filiformis) and a digenetic trematode (Enenterum sp.), which co-occur in the intestine of the same marine fish (Kyphosus bigibbus), the diet of which consists almost exclusively of macroalgae. We obtained δ13C and δ15N data from K. bigibbus muscle, stomach contents, and pooled infrapopulations of Enenterum sp. and F. filiformis. Consistent with other isotope studies including acanthocephalans, F. filiformis was depleted in δ13C and δ15N relative to K. bigibbus. Although Enenterum sp. exhibited values for δ13C similar to those for F. filiformis, they were enriched in δ15N relative to the acanthocephalan, with a signature similar to that of K. bigibbus. These findings are discussed within a host-ecosystem context, highlighting the importance of considering species-specific biology when interpreting host-parasite relationships using stable isotopes. Our study adds to the growing body of literature indicating that absorptive feeders, such as acanthocephalans, are typically depleted in δ13C and δ15N relative to their hosts, whereas trematodes, with a greater diversity of feeding opportunities, exhibit a wide variety of isotopic signatures across life stage and different host-parasite systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Huston
- Australian National Insect Collection, National Research Collections Australia, CSIRO, P.O. Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas H Cribb
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rachel L Welicky
- University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, 1122 Northeast Boat Street, Seattle, Washington 98195.,North-West University, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Private Bag X1290, Potchefstroom, North-West, 2520, South Africa
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36
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Smith J, Shultz D, Howard MDA, Robertson G, Phonsiri V, Renick V, Caron DA, Kudela RM, McLaughlin K. Persistent domoic acid in marine sediments and benthic infauna along the coast of Southern California. Harmful Algae 2021; 108:102103. [PMID: 34588124 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia occur annually in the Southern California Bight (SCB), and domoic acid (DA) associated with these events can contaminate fisheries, presenting both human and wildlife health risks. Recent studies have suggested that marine sediments may act as a reservoir for DA, extending the risk of food web contamination long after water column blooms have ended. In this study, we conducted a regional assessment of the extent and magnitude of DA in the benthic environment, and monthly observations of sediments and benthic infauna at multiple stations over a 16-month period. DA was widespread in continental shelf sediments of the SCB. The toxin was detected in 54% of all shelf habitats sampled. Detectable concentrations ranged from 0.11 ng/g to 1.36 ng/g. DA was consistently detected in benthic infauna tissues over the monthly timeseries, while the DA concentrations in sediments during the same period were commonly below detection or at low concentrations. The presence of DA in the benthic environment did not always have an apparent water column source, raising the possibility of lateral transport, retention/preservation in sediments or undetected blooms in subsurface waters. In most cases, DA was detected in tissues but not in the co-located surface sediments. Coarse taxonomic sorting of the infauna revealed that the accumulation of DA varied among taxa. We observed that DA was widespread among lower trophic level organisms in this study, potentially acting as a persistent source of DA to higher trophic levels in the benthos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme Smith
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, United States.
| | - Dana Shultz
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, United States
| | - Meredith D A Howard
- Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board, Rancho Cordova, CA, United States
| | - George Robertson
- Orange County Sanitation District, Fountain Valley, CA, United States
| | - Vanh Phonsiri
- Orange County Sanitation District, Fountain Valley, CA, United States
| | - Violet Renick
- Orange County Sanitation District, Fountain Valley, CA, United States
| | - David A Caron
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Raphael M Kudela
- University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Karen McLaughlin
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, United States
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37
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Timmerman CA, Giraldo C, Cresson P, Ernande B, Travers-Trolet M, Rouquette M, Denamiel M, Lefebvre S. Plasticity of trophic interactions in fish assemblages results in temporal stability of benthic-pelagic couplings. Mar Environ Res 2021; 170:105412. [PMID: 34273864 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study addresses the temporal variability of couplings between pelagic and benthic habitats for fish assemblages at five periods in a shallow epicontinental sea, the Eastern English Channel (EEC). Organic matter fluxes fueling fish assemblages and the relative contribution of their different sources were assessed using stable isotope analysis and associated isotopic functional metrics. Couplings between benthic and pelagic realms appeared to be a permanent feature in the EEC, potentially favored by shallow depth and driven by the combination of two trophic processes. First, trophic interactions exhibited plasticity and revealed resource partitioning. Second, changes in the composition of fish assemblages did not impact benthic-pelagic couplings, as most dominant species were generalists during at least one time period, allowing complete use of available resources. Examining both unweighted and biomass-weighted indices was complementary and permitted a better understanding of trophic interactions and energy fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Giraldo
- Ifremer, HMMN, Centre Manche - Mer du Nord, BP 669, F-62 321, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pierre Cresson
- Ifremer, HMMN, Centre Manche - Mer du Nord, BP 669, F-62 321, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Bruno Ernande
- MARBEC, Univ. Montpellier, IFREMER, CNRS, IRD, F-34 090, Montpellier, France; IIASA, Evolution and Ecology Program, Schloßplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Manuel Rouquette
- Ifremer, LERBN, Station Ifremer de Dinard, BP 70134, F-35 801, Dinard, France
| | - Margaux Denamiel
- Ifremer, HMMN, Centre Manche - Mer du Nord, BP 669, F-62 321, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sébastien Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, station marine de Wimereux, F-59000, Lille, France
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Moritsch MM. Expansion of intertidal mussel beds following disease-driven reduction of a keystone predator. Mar Environ Res 2021; 169:105363. [PMID: 34030089 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Disease shapes community composition by removing species with strong interactions. To test whether the absence of keystone predation due to disease produced changes to the species composition of rocky intertidal communities, we leverage a natural experiment involving mass mortality of the keystone predator Pisaster ochraceus from Sea Star Wasting Syndrome. Over four years, we measured dimensions of mussel beds, sizes of Mytilus californianus, mussel recruitment, and species composition on vertical rock walls at six rocky intertidal sites on the central California coast. We also assessed the relationship between changes in mussel cover and changes in sea star density across 33 sites along the North American Pacific coast using data from long-term monitoring. After four years, the lower boundary of the central California mussel beds shifted downward toward the water 18.7 ± 15.8 cm (SD) on the rock and 11.7 ± 11.0 cm in elevation, while the upper boundary remained unchanged. In central California, downward expansion and total area of the mussel bed were positively correlated with mussel recruitment but were not correlated with pre-disease sea star density or biomass. At a multi-region scale, changes in mussel percent cover were positively correlated with pre-disease sea star densities but not change in densities. Species composition of primary substrate holders and epibionts below the mussel bed remained similar across years. Extirpation of the community below the bed did not occur. Instead, this community became limited to a smaller spatial extent while the mussel bed expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Moritsch
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Geographic Science Center, 350 N. Akron Road, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; University of California, Santa Cruz, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
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39
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Coletto JL, Botta S, Fischer LG, Newsome SD, Madureira LSP. Isotope-based inferences of skipjack tuna feeding ecology and movement in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Mar Environ Res 2021; 165:105246. [PMID: 33535137 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) sustain a large-scale fishery in the southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWA), but information about its foraging ecology in this region is still limited. Here we use carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope analysis of muscle from individuals collected in 2017-2018 (n = 383) to quantify diet composition and characterize movement patterns. We found a relatively small degree of variation in δ13C (range: -18.9 to -16.5‰) in comparison to δ15N values (6.7-14.7‰). At higher latitudes in the southern area (30-34°S), individuals had higher mean (±SD) δ15N values (12.2 ± 1.3‰) in comparison to those collected in the northern area (9.7 ± 1.5‰) between 20-26°S. At the northern area, isotope mixing models with informative priors showed that lanternfish (median: 50%) and krill (31%) were the primary foods. In the southern area, lanternfish (53%), krill (23%) and small pelagic fish (23%) were the primary food sources. Spatial shifts in diet composition were related to warming events that likely resulted in low abundance of sardines in the northern area. The latitudinal pattern in skipjack and krill δ15N values mirrored that of regional zooplankton isoscapes, suggesting residency at the timescale of isotopic turnover for muscle (~2-4 months), and that geographical variation in the baseline isotopic composition can be exploited to characterize seasonal movements of skipjack and other top marine consumers in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano L Coletto
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Pesqueira e Hidroacústica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil.
| | - Silvina Botta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação da Megafauna Marinha, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil
| | - Luciano G Fischer
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade (NUPEM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Seth D Newsome
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lauro S P Madureira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Pesqueira e Hidroacústica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Brazil
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40
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Walton MEM, Al-Maslamani I, Chatting M, Smyth D, Castillo A, Skov MW, Le Vay L. Faunal mediated carbon export from mangroves in an arid area. Sci Total Environ 2021; 755:142677. [PMID: 33077211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The outwelling paradigm argues that mangrove and saltmarsh wetlands export much excess production to downstream marine systems. However, outwelling is difficult to quantify and currently 40-50% of fixed carbon is unaccounted for. Some carbon is thought outwelled through mobile fauna, including fish, which visit and feed on mangrove produce during tidal inundation or early life stages before moving offshore, yet this pathway for carbon outwelling has never been quantified. We studied faunal carbon outwelling in three arid mangroves, where sharp isotopic gradients across the boundary between mangroves and down-stream systems permitted spatial differentiation of source of carbon in animal tissue. Stable isotope analysis (C, N, S) revealed 22-56% of the tissue of tidally migrating fauna was mangrove derived. Estimated consumption rates showed that 1.4% (38 kg C ha-1 yr-1) of annual mangrove litter production was directly consumed by migratory fauna, with <1% potentially exported. We predict that the amount of faunally-outwelled carbon is likely to be highly correlated with biomass of migratory fauna. While this may vary globally, the measured migratory fauna biomass in these arid mangroves was within the range of observations for mangroves across diverse biogeographic ranges and environmental settings. Hence, this study provides a generalized prediction of the relatively weak contribution of faunal migration to carbon outwelling from mangroves and the current proposition, that the unaccounted-for 40-50% of mangrove C is exported as dissolved inorganic carbon, remains plausible.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E M Walton
- Centre for Applied Marine Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5EY, UK
| | - I Al-Maslamani
- Office for Research and Graduate studies, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Chatting
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - D Smyth
- Centre for Applied Marine Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5EY, UK
| | - A Castillo
- Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - M W Skov
- School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5EY, UK
| | - L Le Vay
- Centre for Applied Marine Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5EY, UK
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O'Connor JD, Murphy S, Lally HT, O'Connor I, Nash R, O'Sullivan J, Bruen M, Heerey L, Koelmans AA, Cullagh A, Cullagh D, Mahon AM. Microplastics in brown trout (Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758) from an Irish riverine system. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115572. [PMID: 33254617 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rivers play an important role in the overall transport of microplastic pollution (1 μm to 5 mm), with fluvial dynamics expected to influence biotic interactions, particularly for fish. So far, there have been few assessments of microplastics in freshwater salmonids. The prevalence (i.e. percentage occurrence) and burden (i.e. abundance per fish) of microplastics were assessed in the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) and stomach contents (SCs) of 58 brown trout Salmo trutta Linnaeus, 1758 sampled at six sites along the River Slaney catchment in south-east Ireland. Sites were divided into two classifications (high and low exposure) based on proximity to microplastic pollution sources, comprising three sites each. Analysis of biological traits (e.g. fish length) and diet was performed on the same fish to determine possible factors explaining microplastic burden. Microplastics were found in 72% of fish having been recovered from 66% of GITs (1.88 ± 1.53 MPs fish⁻1) and 28% of SCs (1.31 ± 0.48 MPs fish⁻1). Fibres were the dominant particle type recovered from GITs (67%) and SCs (57%) followed by fragments. No difference in median microplastic burden was observed between fish collected in high and low exposure sites. Microplastic burden was unrelated to fish fork length, while microplastic size distribution (100 ≤ 350 μm, 350 μm to ≤ 5 mm) was unrelated to S. trutta age class estimates. Furthermore, microplastic burden was not explained by dietary intake. Though further research is necessary, this study showed the presence of microplastics in wild S. trutta collected from an Irish riverine system, which could have further implications for top-level consumers that feed on the species, including humans. Further analysis is required to determine possible trophic linkages for the species, with respect to microplastics, and to assess the suitability of S. trutta for monitoring microplastics in river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D O'Connor
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland.
| | - Sinéad Murphy
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Heather T Lally
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Ian O'Connor
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Róisín Nash
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - John O'Sullivan
- UCD School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute & UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael Bruen
- UCD School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute & UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Linda Heerey
- UCD School of Civil Engineering, UCD Earth Institute & UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Albert A Koelmans
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University & Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alan Cullagh
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, Anglesea Street, Raheen, Clonmel, Co. Tipperary, E91 RD25, Ireland
| | - Declan Cullagh
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, Anglesea Street, Raheen, Clonmel, Co. Tipperary, E91 RD25, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Mahon
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Department of Natural Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, H91 T8NW, Ireland
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42
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Taylor MS, Driscoll CT, Lepak JM, Josephson DC, Jirka KJ, Kraft CE. Temporal trends in fish mercury concentrations in an Adirondack Lake managed with a continual predator removal program. Ecotoxicology 2020; 29:1762-1773. [PMID: 31925620 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a neurotoxic pollutant and contamination in remote ecosystems due to atmospheric mercury deposition coupled with watershed characteristics that influence mercury bioavailability. Biological interactions that affect mercury bioaccumulation are especially relevant as fish assemblages change in response to species introductions and lake management practices. We studied the influence of shifting food web dynamics on mercury in fisheries of Little Moose Lake in the southwestern Adirondack Mountains of New York, USA. Annual removal of non-native Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) has been used as a management strategy since 2000 to restore the native fish assemblage and food web in favor of Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Changes in total mercury, stable carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) isotopes, and growth were evaluated for Lake Trout and Smallmouth Bass. Growth rates increased for both predators and trophic position increased for Lake Trout post-removal. Mercury concentrations in Lake Trout increased over the 16-year study period influenced by a diet shift from invertebrates to higher trophic level prey fish, regardless of increased growth. Smallmouth Bass mercury concentrations decreased with compensatory growth from a reduced population size. These contrasting trends indicate that changes in mercury deposition were not the primary driver for mercury bioaccumulation responses in Little Moose Lake. Stable isotope values changed for both predators and for several lower trophic level organisms, likely reflecting changes in nutrient cycling and/or inputs. Our findings emphasize the potential role of fisheries management on whole-lake and predatory fish responses to mercury contamination in temperate lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah S Taylor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Charles T Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Jesse M Lepak
- New York Sea Grant, State University of New York, Oswego, Penfield 4, Oswego, NY, 13126, USA
| | - Daniel C Josephson
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, 111 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kurt J Jirka
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, 111 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Clifford E Kraft
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, 111 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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43
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Piarulli S, Airoldi L. Mussels facilitate the sinking of microplastics to bottom sediments and their subsequent uptake by detritus-feeders. Environ Pollut 2020; 266:115151. [PMID: 32673992 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are omnipresent contaminants in the oceans, however little is known about the MP transfer between marine compartments and species. Three connected laboratory experiments using the filter-feeding mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the omnivorous polichaete Hediste diversicolor were conducted to evaluate whether the filtering action by mussels affects the vertical transfer of MP of different sizes (MPSMALL = 41 μm; MPLARGE = 129 μm) and densities (polyamide = 1.15 g cm-3; polypropylene = 0.92 g cm-3) across compartments and species with different feeding modes. Mussels significantly removed MP from the water column by incorporating them into biodeposits. This effect was particularly evident for the MPSMALL, whose deposition from the water column to the bottom was enhanced (about 15%) by the action of mussels. The incorporation of MP into faecal pellets increased the particles' sinking velocity by about 3-4 orders of magnitude. Conversely, the MP presence significantly decreased the depositional velocities of faecal pellets, and the magnitude of this effect was greater with increasing MP size and decreasing density. The MP incorporation into mussels' biodeposits also more than doubled the amount of MP uptake by H. diversicolor. We conclude that detrital pathways could be a transfer route of MP across marine compartments and food webs, potentially affecting the distribution of MP in sediments and creating hot-spots of bioavailable MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Piarulli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, UO CoNISMa, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Laura Airoldi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences and Interdepartmental Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, UO CoNISMa, University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biology, Chioggia Hydrobiological Station Umberto D'Ancona, University of Padova, 30015, Chioggia, Italy.
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44
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Leaphart JC, Korotasz AM, Bryan AL, Beasley JC. Environmental fate of radiocesium in biota inhabiting a contaminated ecosystem on the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site. J Environ Radioact 2020; 222:106321. [PMID: 32892897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2020.106321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although biomagnification of radiocesium (137Cs) has been reported in food webs, most previous research has been limited to select trophic linkages. Few studies have included a comprehensive survey of fauna associated with aquatic, semi-aquatic, and terrestrial habitats within a single study framework. The objectives of this study were to advance our understanding of the dynamics of 137Cs accumulation within food webs by quantifying 137Cs activity across a wide range of biota found within a contaminated canal, as well as test the hypothesis that life-stage and body size influence 137Cs bioaccumulation in select herpetofauna. With extensive sampling across multiple taxa collected from a contaminated canal system and associated floodplain on the Savannah River Site, we assessed 137Cs activity and stable nitrogen isotopes for both aquatic organisms that were restricted to the contaminated effluent canal, and semi-aquatic organisms able to move freely between the contaminated canal and the adjacent uncontaminated terrestrial habitat. We found 137Cs activity to be highly variable among species, with evidence for and against biomagnification in semi-aquatic and aquatic organisms, respectively. Furthermore, 137Cs activity decreased with life stage and body size in bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus), despite post-metamorphic bullfrogs having a more carnivorous diet compared to tadpoles, while cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus) retained similar 137Cs activity regardless of their age and size. Although evidence of biomagnification has been observed in some contaminated systems, results of our study suggest the extent to which 137Cs biomagnifies within food webs is context-dependent and likely influenced by a suite of biotic and abiotic factors. Further, our data indicate sampling of a broad suite of species and environmental attributes are needed to elucidate the fate and dynamics of anthropogenic pollutants within contaminated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Leaphart
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA; University of Georgia, Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Alexis M Korotasz
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
| | - Albert L Bryan
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
| | - James C Beasley
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA; University of Georgia, Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Genc O, Kurt A, Yazan DM, Erdis E. Circular eco-industrial park design inspired by nature: An integrated non-linear optimization, location, and food web analysis. J Environ Manage 2020; 270:110866. [PMID: 32721312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Industrial symbiosis (IS) is one of the alternative ways of using natural resources in industrial processes. Eco-industrial parks (EIPs), as commonly known areas of IS practices, increase resource efficacy and reduce environmental effects by implementing waste/by product exchanges among tenant plants. Although there is an increasing but limited number of EIPs around the world, their circularity is not ensured due to high dynamic market and business conditions. This paper aims at offering an innovative design approach for EIPs taking into account the potential waste exchanges between the plants potentially to be co-located within EIPs with the goal of eliminating adverse impacts of market and business dynamicity. To this end, first an analysis of an existing IS database is conducted and the sectors potentially to be co-located are identified. Second, inspired by natural eco-systems, the food web (FW) metrics are defined to measure the potential EIPs' circularity. Third, a non-linear optimization method, namely branch and bound algorithm, is adopted to decide which plants should be included in the EIP designs to maximize the cyclicity of the networks. Lastly, a location analysis is conducted in order to co-locate the plants and to minimize the operational costs of implementing and running the EIPs. The use of this integrated approach is illustrated in a scenario analysis for four theoretical EIPs, two taking the construction industry as an anchor industry and two considering the random inclusion of various industries that can exchange wastes with the constructions industry. These EIPs' FW metric values are compared with the biological FW averages of natural ecosystems. The results support the method's ability to design sustainable and circular EIPs and point out practical implications for practitioners and policy-makers. The study is a seminal one integrating three methodologies for the first time to design IS networks in the form of EIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Genc
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Iskenderun Technical University, 31200, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Atıl Kurt
- Department of Industrial Engineering, TED University, Ziya Gökalp Caddesi No: 47-48 064420, Kolej, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Devrim Murat Yazan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Business Information Systems, Faculty of Behavioral, Management and Social Sciences, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Ercan Erdis
- Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Iskenderun Technical University, 31200, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey.
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Le Croizier G, Lorrain A, Schaal G, Ketchum J, Hoyos-Padilla M, Besnard L, Munaron JM, Le Loc'h F, Point D. Trophic resources and mercury exposure of two silvertip shark populations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Chemosphere 2020; 253:126645. [PMID: 32283423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide shark populations have experienced rapid declines over the last decades, mainly due to overfishing. Marine protected areas (MPAs) have thus become an indispensable tool for the protection of these marine predators. Two recently-created MPAs in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, the Revillagigedo National Park and Clipperton Atoll, are characterized by different trophic structures potentially influencing the trophic niche and contaminant exposure of resident sharks in these two sites. In this context, we used carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope analyzes as well as total mercury concentrations ([THg]) to assess the effect of foraging site on the trophic niche and Hg levels of juvenile silvertip (ST) sharks Carcharhinus albimarginatus. Analyzing fin clip samples from Revillagigedo and Clipperton, we found that shark δ15N varied spatially in relation to δ15N baselines, suggesting similar trophic position in both MPAs. Moreover, δ13C values indicated that ST sharks from Revillagigedo would feed on different food webs (i.e. both benthic and pelagic) while individuals from Clipperton would only rely on benthic food webs. These differences between MPAs led to a weak overlap of isotopic niches between the two populations, highlighting the site residency of juvenile ST sharks. Within each population, [THg] was not correlated with trophic tracers (δ15N and δ13C) and was also similar between populations. This study revealed no influence of site or food web in [THg] and raises the question of the origin of Hg exposure for reef shark populations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Le Croizier
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées (OMP), UMR 5563 CNRS/IRD/Université Paul Sabatier, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France; Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Anne Lorrain
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Gauthier Schaal
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - James Ketchum
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C., Sinaloa 1540, Las Garzas, 23070, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Baja California Sur, 23096, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Hoyos-Padilla
- Pelagios Kakunjá A.C., Sinaloa 1540, Las Garzas, 23070, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Baja California Sur, 23096, Mexico; Fins Attached Marine Conservation, Colorado Springs, USA
| | - Lucien Besnard
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - David Point
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées (OMP), UMR 5563 CNRS/IRD/Université Paul Sabatier, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
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47
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Martins AS, Haimovici M. Key prey indicates high resilience on marine soft bottom habitats. Mar Environ Res 2020; 159:104963. [PMID: 32662425 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The key prey was determined based on the diet and spatial patterns of the Nektonic community in southern Brazil. The proposed tool to discriminate key prey was based on simple probabilistic methods and analytical procedures that integrate freely available software on the web. To avoid using arbitrary criteria in key prey determination it was used an indicator based on an adapted outlier analysis including a run of principal component analysis (PCA) and then the choice of prey that fall out of the 99% concentration ellipse. The results showed three key prey identified at species level: the shrimp Artemesia longinaris in the coastal habitats and euphausid Euphausia similis and anchovy Engraulis anchoita in the continental shelf habitats (warm and cold). The analysis of the diets of the indicator species of three necktonic assemblages showed that all of them had both pelagic and detritus as primary sources of energy. However, in shallow coastal waters prevailed access to benthic food web key prey. In deeper areas, the Warm shelf assemblage accessed more evenly the epifauna, infauna and the pelagic compartments, while the Cold shelf assemblage was more dependent on planktonic production and had a prevalence of pelagic key prey. Is demonstrated the importance of the identification of key prey, since it may indicate greater or lesser stability of predator populations depending on whether they come from compartments with more or less dynamic primary production processes, including climate-related changes that may affect the predator prey interactions. This study confirmed the prediction that demersal nekton has high disturbance recovery capacity, which may mask for decades the growing impact of fishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnaldo Silva Martins
- Oceanography and Ecology Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, CCHN/UFES, Av. Fernando Ferrari 514, 29.075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Manuel Haimovici
- Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, Laboratório de Recursos Pesqueiros Demersais e Cefalópodes, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (FURG), Caixa Postal 474, Avenida Itália Km 8, CEP, 96201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Gilbert BM, Nachev M, Jochmann MA, Schmidt TC, Köster D, Sures B, Avenant-Oldewage A. Stable isotope analysis spills the beans about spatial variance in trophic structure in a fish host - parasite system from the Vaal River System, South Africa. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 12:134-141. [PMID: 32547919 PMCID: PMC7286960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis offers a unique tool for comparing trophic interactions and food web architecture in ecosystems based on analysis of stable isotope ratios of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) in organisms. Clarias gariepinus were collected from six sites along the Vaal River, South Africa and were assessed for ectoparasites and endoparasites. Lamproglena clariae (Copepoda), Tetracampos ciliotheca and Proteocephalus glanduligerus (Cestoda), and larval Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda) were collected from the gills, intestine and mesenteries, respectively. Signatures of δ13C and δ15N were analysed in host muscle tissue and parasites using bulk stable isotope analysis. Variable stable isotope enrichment between parasites and host were observed; L. clariae and the host shared similar δ15N signatures and endoparasites being depleted in δ13C and δ15N relative to the host. Differences in stable isotope enrichment between parasites could be related to the feeding strategy of each parasite species collected. Geographic and spatial differences in enrichment of stable isotopes observed in hosts were mirrored by parasites. As parasites rely on a single host for meeting their nutritional demands, stable isotope variability in parasites relates to the dietary differences of host organisms and therefore variations in baseline stable isotope signatures of food items consumed by hosts. Stable isotope enrichment in parasites was variable compared to the host. Host fish and Lamproglena clariae shared similar trophic level. Endoparasites were depleted in δ13C and δ15N compared to the host. Spatial differences in host stable isotopes were mirrored by parasites and related to host diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beric M Gilbert
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, 524 Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.,Spectrum Analytical Facility, University of Johannesburg, 524 Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Milen Nachev
- Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.,Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Maik A Jochmann
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.,Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.,Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Köster
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, 524 Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.,Aquatic Ecology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.,Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
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Windsor FM, Pereira MG, Morrissey CA, Tyler CR, Ormerod SJ. Environment and food web structure interact to alter the trophic magnification of persistent chemicals across river ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2020; 717:137271. [PMID: 32065886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Legacy organic pollutants persist in freshwater environments, but there is limited understanding of how their trophic transfer and effects vary across riverine ecosystems with different land use, biological communities and food webs. Here, we investigated the trophic magnification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and a suite of organochlorines (OCs) across nine riverine food webs in contrasting hydrological catchments across South Wales (United Kingdom). Pollutants biomagnified through the food webs in all catchments studied, in some cases reaching levels sufficient for biological effects on invertebrates, fish and river birds such as the Dipper (Cinclus cinclus). Trophic magnification differed across food webs depending on pollutant characteristics (e.g. octanol-water partitioning coefficient) and site-specific environmental conditions (e.g. land use, water chemistry and basal resource composition). The trophic magnification of PBDEs, PCBs and OCs also reflected food-web structure, with greater accumulation in more connected food webs with more generalist taxa. These data highlight interactions between pollutant properties, environmental conditions and biological network structure in the transfer and biomagnification of POPs in river ecosystems. We advocate the need for further investigations of system-specific transfers of contaminants through aquatic food webs as these factors appear to have important implications for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredric M Windsor
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3AX, UK; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - M Glória Pereira
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Christy A Morrissey
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B5, Canada
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Steve J Ormerod
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan CF10 3AX, UK
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James WR, Lesser JS, Litvin SY, Nelson JA. Assessment of food web recovery following restoration using resource niche metrics. Sci Total Environ 2020; 711:134801. [PMID: 31822405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The primary goal of habitat restoration is to recover the ecological structure, function, and services of natural ecosystems lost due to disturbance. Post-restoration success typically focuses on the return of a desired habitat type, consumer species composition, or abundance relative to a reference site. However, how energy flow responds to habitat restoration has not been widely studied, and there is a need to develop a better understanding of how energy flows through a restored vs reference ecosystem following restoration. We tested recently developed niche metrics as a tool to assess the degree of recovery of ecosystem energy flow and evaluate the success of habitat restoration. Using published stable isotope values from six systems, one to three years post-restoration, we used Bayesian mixing models to quantify resource use by consumers to generate food web hypervolumes for restored and reference habitats in each ecosystem and to quantify similarity in resource use between restored and reference systems. Our analysis showed that there were differences in restoration success at each restoration project between the restored and reference food webs, but two general patterns emerged in the early stages following restoration. Restoration efforts that restore biogenic habitats display lower levels of recovery of food web function than those that only restore abiotic habitat structural. Restoration increases the variability in basal resource use of consumers in food webs that rely heavily on one basal resource, while in food webs that relied on multiple basal resources consumers decrease variability in basal resource use. Our results demonstrate that hypervolume analysis is a powerful tool that can be used to quantify energy flow, the recovery of food web function, and measure restoration success.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ryan James
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, 410 E. St. Mary Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70504, United States.
| | - Justin S Lesser
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, 410 E. St. Mary Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70504, United States
| | - Steven Y Litvin
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Rd., Moss Landing, CA 95039, United States
| | - James A Nelson
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana, 410 E. St. Mary Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70504, United States
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