1
|
Guan Y, Guo Z, Chen W, Fan K, He H, Cui L, Huang C, He X, Xu Z, Zhang J, He Y, Wang H. Migration mechanisms of 90Sr and 137Cs on terraces. J Environ Radioact 2024; 275:107428. [PMID: 38547560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
In order to investigate the impact of environmental conditions on the distribution and migration of 90Sr in the Longji terrace environment, the activity concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs were determined. The activity concentration ranges of 90Sr and 137Cs in surface soil were 0.15-1.04 Bq/kg and 2.16-6.94 Bq/kg, respectively. These results showed that there was a similar trend between the activity concentration of 90Sr and 137Cs in the surface soil along the runoff path and their activity concentration were influenced by the slope of the terraced terrain. On the other hand, the activity ranges of 90Sr and 137Cs in soil cores were 0.01-2.74 Bq/kg and 0.43-7.19 Bq/kg, respectively. These results indicate that the migration mechanism of 90Sr is different from that of 137Cs. As compared with 137Cs, 90Sr is significantly influenced by the moisture content. In addition, high span of 137Cs/90Sr activity ratios were found in this study, which were attributed to the characteristics of cultivated land and frequent artificial disturbances that intensified the migration of 90Sr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Guan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Zichen Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Radiation-Environment Management and Monitoring Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, Nanning, 530222, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Kaidi Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hua He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Liangjia Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chunping Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xianwen He
- Radiation-Environment Management and Monitoring Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, Nanning, 530222, China
| | - Zeyue Xu
- Radiation-Environment Management and Monitoring Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, Nanning, 530222, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Radiation-Environment Management and Monitoring Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, Nanning, 530222, China
| | - Ye He
- Radiation-Environment Management and Monitoring Station of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, Nanning, 530222, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu Y, Men W, Yu Y, Wang F. Assessment of radiation in fishes derived from radiocesium in the port of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 202:116301. [PMID: 38608429 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study established specialized radiation dose models to evaluate the internal radiation doses derived from 137Cs and 134Cs in fishes in the port of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant from 2012 to 2023. By August 2018, the activities of 134Cs and 137Cs in fishes decreased at the T1/2 of 176 d and 191 d, respectively. The corresponding mass concentrations were far lower than 1 mg/kg and the chemical toxicity can be negligible. Regarding radiotoxicity, 18,000 Bq/kgfresh weight of 134Cs and 137Cs in grouper Sebastes schlegelii produced 276 μGy/h of radiation dose, which was below the no-effect-dose-rate benchmarks (400 μGy/h). 740,000 Bq/kgfresh weight of 134Cs and 137Cs in greenling Hexagrammos otakii produced 12,600 μGy/h of radiation dose, which was much higher than 400 μGy/h, indicating the possibility of radiation effects. If a person eats these two reported fishes, the resulting committed effective doses for humans are 7.7 μSv and 6.31 mSv, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xu
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Wu Men
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang F, Zhong Q, Huang J, Huang D, Du J, Yu T. Continuous southwestward spread of Fukushima-derived 137Cs in the subtropical western North Pacific and its intrusion flux into the South China Sea. J Hazard Mater 2024; 467:133708. [PMID: 38341888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
We provide transect profiles of 137Cs and 90Sr along 146.5°E, 136°E and 21°N in the subtropical western North Pacific (WNP) during May 2018. Exploiting the constant global fallout 137Cs/90Sr ratio, we separated Fukushima-derived 137Cs (137CsF) from background 137Cs. At most stations, 137CsF exhibited only one subsurface peak at 300 m depth, corresponding to subtropical mode water (STMW); however, at 25-28°N along 146.5°E and 25-26°N along 136°E, 137CsF exhibited two subsurface peaks, with another peak occurring at 500 m depth, corresponding to lighter central mode water (L-CMW). Temporal changes in 137CsF vertical profiles showed that 137CsF entrained by STMW has recirculated within the western subtropical gyre, while 137CsF entrained by L-CMW has turned southwestward and arrived the western basin in 2018. In the Luzon Strait, the entrance to the South China Sea (SCS), subsurface 137Cs increased since 2013 and peaked in approximately 2018. The estimated amount of 137CsF entering the SCS during 2013-2019 was 0.33 ± 0.10 PBq, equivalent to 1.7-2.2% of total leakage of 137CsF into the ocean. These results enhance our understanding of the protracted spread and fate of 137CsF in the subtropical WNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fule Zhang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Dekun Huang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jinzhou Du
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qiao J, Andersson K, Nielsen S. Half-century trends of radioactivity in fish from Danish areas of the North Sea, Kattegat, and Baltic Sea. Environ Pollut 2024; 346:123681. [PMID: 38428789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
This work reports comprehensive time-series datasets over the past 50 years for natural (210Po) and anthropogenic (134Cs and 137Cs) radionuclides in three fish species (cod, herring and plaice) from Danish marine areas covering the North Sea, Kattegat, and Baltic Sea. Impact from the global fallout of atmospheric nuclear weapons testing, radioactive discharges from the European nuclear reprocessing plants and release from Chernobyl accident are clearly detected in the fish samples. While 210Po concentrations in each fish species demonstrated comparable levels across the three regions without notable temporal trends, significantly higher median 210Po concentration was observed in the lower trophic level fish, namely herring and plaice, compared to cod. In contrast, 137Cs concentrations in all three species steadily decrease over time after the Chernobyl-attributed peaks in late 1980s in the entire study area, whereas 137Cs always demonstrated higher concentrations in cod than herring and plaice. Our calculated concentration factors (CFs) for 137Cs in this work indicate that the mean CFs for 137Cs over the past 50 years are significantly different across the three species, following the order of cod < herring < plaice. Based on the time-series data, ecological half-lives (Teco) of 137Cs in fish from Danish marine areas were estimated to evaluate the long-term impact of anthropogenic radioactive contamination in different regions. Our results indicate no significant difference in Teco across different fish species, whereas the weighted mean Teco for fish in the Baltic Sea (29.3 ± 3.9 y) is significantly longer than those of the North Sea (9.8 ± 0.9 y) and Kattegat (11.7 ± 1.2 y), reflecting the strong 'memory effect' of the Baltic Sea due to its slow water renewal. However, the dose assessment demonstrates that the contribution of the natural radionuclide 210Po to ingestion dose from fish consumption is 1-2 order of magnitude higher compared to that of 137Cs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Qiao
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DTU Risø Campus, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Kasper Andersson
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DTU Risø Campus, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sven Nielsen
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), DTU Risø Campus, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leblond S. DDEP re-evaluation of the radioactive decay scheme of 137Cs. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 206:111191. [PMID: 38290201 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
A complete re-evaluation of the 137Cs β‒ decay scheme has been performed within the scope of the Decay Data Evaluation Project (DDEP), taking full advantage of the most recent measurements. An evaluated half-life of 30.018 (22) years is recommended, along with a full revision of the β‒ decay branching ratios that also results in a re-evaluation of the absolute emission probability of the 662-keV gamma ray to give a value of 85.01 (20)%. Recommendations for new measurements are also suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Leblond
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), F-91120 Palaiseau, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guan Y, Fan K, Wang S, Cui L, Wang H, Guo Z, Chen W, He H, Liu Z. Assessment of the depositional characteristics of the Yellow River estuary from 1960s by 239+240Pu and 137Cs. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169473. [PMID: 38141998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and vertical distribution of 239+240Pu and 137Cs in the sediments of the Yellow River Delta was studied to evaluate the deposition dynamics in the Yellow River estuary from 1960s. The activity of 239+240Pu and 137Cs in sediment core ranged from 0.001 to 0.212 Bq/kg and 0.52-2.53 Bq/kg, respectively. A maximum accumulation peak and two secondary accumulation peaks appeared in the sediment core YR2. The average deposition rate of 8.3 cm/y for the Yellow River estuary from 1964 to 1976 was obtained. The proportion of Pu from the Yellow River net input and direct deposition to the total inventory of Pu in the estuary was assessed, with a total inventory of Pu in the abandoned estuary of 7.4 × 1010 Bq and a net input of 2.2 × 1010 Bq from the Yellow River. Pu deposited in the estuary only accounts for 18 % of the total Pu transported by the Yellow River, and most of the Pu is injected into the Bohai Sea with the Yellow River.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Guan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Kaidi Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shenzhen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Liangjia Cui
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zichen Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hua He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peng A, Chen M, Li X, He H. The records of 239+240Pu and 137Cs of global fallout in Lake East Dongting Sediments and Responses to watershed environmental changes. J Environ Radioact 2024; 272:107364. [PMID: 38171109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Plutonium-239 + 240 and 137Cs in the environment can usually be used to track the impact of nuclear activities on the environment, and have become important tools in environmental geochemical studies. In this study, nine sediment cores (E1-E9) in Lake East Dongting were collected and measured for the activity concentration of 239+240Pu, 137Cs and the atomic ratio of 240Pu/239Pu, and then their vertical distribution characteristics were analyzed. The results show that: the activity concentrations of 137Cs and 239+240Pu in Lake East Dongting ranged from 5.26 ± 0.43 to 28.6 ± 2.23 Bq kg-1 and 0.29 ± 0.02 to 1.37 ± 0.09 Bq kg-1, with an average of 7.48 ± 0.68 Bq kg-1 and 0.39 ± 0.03 Bq kg-1, respectively. The atomic ratios of 240Pu/239Pu are 0.168 ± 0.012-0.211 ± 0.015, which are basically consistent with the global atmospheric deposition. The vertical profiles of 137Cs and 239+240Pu in sediment cores show obvious single-peak distribution in E1-E6 and bimodal distribution in E7-E9. The results of sedimentation rates calculated by 137Cs and 239+240Pu method ranged from 0.59 cm y-1 to 1.99 cm y-1 with a mean of 1.18 cm y-1 and 0.61 cm y-1 to 2.18 cm y-1 with a mean of 1.26 cm y-1. The inventories of 137Cs and 239+240Pu in nine sediment cores are 5.87-10.8 kBq m-2 and 307-545 Bq m-2, which are about 8-14 and 9-15 times the inventory in the global average atmospheric deposition at the same latitude respectively. Comparing the results of the sedimentation rates and the inventories from different sampling points indicates that extreme climatic events and human activities have a significant impact on sediment environment of Lake East Dongting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anguo Peng
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Mengting Chen
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xuebin Li
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Husheng He
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kawano T, Onda Y, Kato H, Takahashi J. Mechanisms of 137Cs leaching based on long-term observations in forested headwater catchments in Yamakiya, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167837. [PMID: 37839480 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved radiocesium (mainly 134Cs and 137Cs) is thought to be leached mainly from suspended sediment in downstream rivers, while organic matter, such as leaf litter, contributes to catchments in forested headwater streams. It is also known that dissolved 137Cs in headwater streams exhibit seasonal variation with water temperature. Some mechanisms have been proposed as the causes: ionic competition of potassium ion (K+) and ammonium ion (NH4+), leaching associated with the decomposition of organic matter, and thermodynamic adsorption-desorption processes. We investigated the relationship between K+ and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and seasonal changes in dissolved 137Cs concentration using a large number of samples from a headwater's small catchments. We examined temporal trends in 137Cs concentrations in coarse organic matter, suspended sediments, and dissolved forms at four sites (one decontaminated site and three undecontaminated sites) in the Yamakiya area since 2011. The distribution coefficients (Kdcss and Kdorg) of dissolved 137Cs concentrations relative to suspended sediment and coarse organic matter 137Cs concentrations were calculated, and differences in temporal changes due to decontamination were investigated. In addition, we examined the relationship between water temperature and DOC, K+, NH4+ and 137Cs concentrations in the headwater catchments. The suspended sediment 137Cs concentrations at the decontaminated headwater site (IBO) decreased significantly after decontamination and remained low thereafter. In contrast, dissolved 137Cs concentrations decreased temporarily during the decontamination period, but returned to pre-decontamination levels. Almost no NH4+ has been detected in headwater streams in our catchments. In the SET and ISH watersheds, where the distance from the groundwater spring is short, a correlation was found between DOC concentration and dissolved 137Cs concentration. In contrast, in the IBO watershed, where the distance from the groundwater spring is long, temperature dependence and a good correlation between K+ and 137Cs were observed. Therefore, microbial decomposition of organic matter may have a significant effect on the seasonal variation of dissolved 137Cs in forested headwater streams at short distances from the spring, but the influence of competing ions is expected to increase gradually as the water flows downstream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Kawano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuichi Onda
- Center for Research in Radiation, Isotopes and Earth System Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kato
- Center for Research in Radiation, Isotopes and Earth System Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Junko Takahashi
- Center for Research in Radiation, Isotopes and Earth System Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dowell SM, Humphrey OS, Gowing CJB, Barlow TS, Chenery SR, Isaboke J, Blake WH, Osano O, Watts MJ. Suitability of 210Pb ex, 137Cs and 239+240Pu as soil erosion tracers in western Kenya. J Environ Radioact 2024; 271:107327. [PMID: 37951040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Land degradation resulting from soil erosion is a global concern, with the greatest risk in developing countries where food and land resources can be limited. The use of fallout radionuclides (FRNs) is a proven method for determining short and medium-term rates of soil erosion, to help improve our understanding of soil erosion processes. There has been limited use of these methods in tropical Africa due to the analytical challenges associated with 137Cs, where inventories are an order of magnitude lower than in the Europe. This research aimed to demonstrate the usability of 239+240Pu as a soil erosion tracer in western Kenya compared to conventional isotopes 210Pbex and 137Cs through the determination of FRN depth profiles at reference sites. Across six reference sites 239+240Pu showed the greatest potential, with the lowest coefficient of variation and the greatest peak-to-detection limit ratio of 640 compared to 5 and 1 for 210Pbex and 137Cs respectively. Additionally, 239+240Pu was the only radionuclide to meet the 'allowable error' threshold, demonstrating applicability to large scale studies in Western Kenya where the selection of suitable reference sites presents a significant challenge. The depth profile of 239+240Pu followed a polynomial function, with the maximum areal activities found between depths 3 and 12 cm, where thereafter areal activities decreased exponentially. As a result, 239+240Pu is presented as a robust tracer to evaluate soil erosion patterns and amounts in western Kenya, providing a powerful tool to inform and validate mitigation strategies with improved understanding of land degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Dowell
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Olivier S Humphrey
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Charles J B Gowing
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Thomas S Barlow
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Simon R Chenery
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Job Isaboke
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - William H Blake
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Odipo Osano
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Michael J Watts
- Inorganic Geochemistry, Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee J, Yi SC, Ko MJ. Monitoring of 137Cs, 239+240Pu, and 90Sr in the marine environment of South Korea and their impact on marine biota: 10 years after the Fukushima accident. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167077. [PMID: 37714345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted an analysis of the behavior of radionuclides and assessment their radioactive risk based on seawater and seabed sediment samples gathered from the East, South, and Yellow Seas of South Korea over the period from 2011 to 2020. The distribution for each radionuclides in seawater obtained from the East, South, and Yellow Seas were similar. However, the concentrations of 137Cs and 239+240Pu in sediments from the East Sea were observed to be higher compared to those from the South and Yellow Seas. This variation can be attributed to differences in the ocean inflow, water column properties, and seabed characteristics among the seas around South Korea. There were no statistically significant differences between the radioactive concentrations of seawater and seabed samples collected before and after the Fukushima accident, and no areas with unusually high radiation levels were detected. Using the distribution coefficient (Kds) and the concentration ratio (CR) calculated from the 2011-to-2020 data, we evaluated the radiological impact on fish. The ERICA tool was utilized to assess these data, and indicated a negligible radiological risk from radioactivity in the seawater, seabed sediments, and marine biota in the South Korean Ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JuHyun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of NORM Analysis, Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Chul Yi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Jae Ko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Battery Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsumune D, Bryan FO, Lindsay K, Misumi K, Tsubono T, Aoyama M. Simulated inventory and distribution of 137Cs released from multiple sources in the global ocean. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 197:115663. [PMID: 37897967 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive cesium (137Cs) is distributed in the world's oceans as a result of global fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, releases from fuel reprocessing plants, and inputs from nuclear power plant accident. In order to detect future radionuclide contamination, it is necessary to establish a baseline global distribution of radionuclides such as 137Cs and to understand the ocean transport processes that lead to that distribution. In order to aid in the interpretation of the observed database, we have conducted a suite of simulations of the distribution of 137Cs using a global ocean general circulation model (OGCM). Simulated 137Cs radioactivity concentrations agree well with observations, and the results were used to estimate the changes in inventories for each ocean basin. 137Cs activity concentration from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests are expected to be detectable in the world ocean until at least 2030.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tsumune
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan; University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Frank O Bryan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
| | - Keith Lindsay
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Misumi
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Takaki Tsubono
- Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, 1646 Abiko, Abiko, Chiba 270-1194, Japan
| | - Michio Aoyama
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saniewski M, Balazy P, Klajman K, Saniewska D. Distribution of 137Cs in the marine environment from King George Island (Southern Shetlands, maritime Antarctica). Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 197:115752. [PMID: 37984087 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The article presents data on the activity of the radionuclide 137Cs in seawater, sediment, macroalgae, and zoobenthos from different locations in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, maritime Antarctica. The activity of 137Cs in the macrophytobenthos remained relatively stable across species, oscillating at the level of 1 Bq kg-1dw. However, a few individuals exhibited higher activity, particularly at stations closer to the glacier front. This result could have been caused by specific conditions resulting from melting glaciers and meltwater inflow and mixing with oceanic water. The activities of 137Cs in zoobenthic were in the range from 0.12 Bq kg-1dw (Asteroidea) to 24.2 Bq kg-1dw (Porifera) and the total doses in marine species were several orders of magnitude lower than reference levels. Stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N suggest that the main factor influencing 137Cs activity may be the source of carbon (marine vs. terrestrial/glacial), rather than feeding strategy or trophic niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, National Research Institute, Waszyngtona 42, 81-342 Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Piotr Balazy
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-412 Sopot, Poland
| | - Kamila Klajman
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Łódź University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dominika Saniewska
- Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Al. Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de With G, Vives I Batlle J, Bezhenar R, Maderich V, Pérez FF, Tacu A. Comparison of methods for the radiological impact assessment of aquatic releases to the waters in the low countries. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 2023; 270:107271. [PMID: 37586186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of the radiological impact of liquid discharges on the marine environment is challenging despite all developments in recent years. The lack of consensus on this type of assessment manifests itself even stronger when transborder issues are expected, such as in the Low Countries. Belgium and the Netherlands operate nuclear power plants with discharges in the shared estuary of the Western Scheldt, therefore if there are safety concerns, information on both sides of the border must be coherent. This work provides a comparison of two computational methods used for assessment of aquatic releases in the Western Scheldt estuary and the adjacent North Sea.The work demonstrates a fair degree of consistency in modelling the uptake and fate of key anthropogenic radionuclides. Nevertheless, there are also considerable differences found in sediment and sea species with concentrations ranging by over two orders of magnitude in some cases. These explainable differences are methodological in nature, occurring in codes that underwent extensive validation during development. Therefore, the outcomes of this work clearly demonstrate the need to produce explicit guidance that is specifically tailored to the (inter)national water system of concern. This should not be limited to releases from nuclear power plants, but also include other nuclear applications. For all these reasons, more intensive collaboration and model harmonisation across borders is essential, signalling the direction for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G de With
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Utrechtseweg 310, NL-6800, ES Arnhem, the Netherlands.
| | - J Vives I Batlle
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, BE-2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - R Bezhenar
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov Av., 42, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine
| | - V Maderich
- Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Glushkov Av., 42, Kyiv, 03187, Ukraine
| | | | - A Tacu
- Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group (NRG), Utrechtseweg 310, NL-6800, ES Arnhem, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tsuji H, Nishikiori T, Ito S, Ozaki H, Watanabe M, Sakai M, Ishii Y, Hayashi S. Influential factors of long-term and seasonal 137Cs change in agricultural and forested rivers: Temperature, water quality and an intense Typhoon Event. Environ Pollut 2023; 338:122617. [PMID: 37757931 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of temperature, water quality, and the impact of an intense typhoon event on change in 137Cs concentration in the water of agricultural and forested rivers near the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (Japan) was evaluated using monthly stationary observations obtained under baseflow conditions 2.8-10.6 years after the nuclear accident in 2011. The dissolved 137Cs concentration fluctuated seasonally with water temperature in all rivers, and the increase in dissolved 137Cs concentration for unit increase in temperature was higher in forested rivers than in agricultural rivers. The relationship between water temperature and the apparent distribution coefficient of 137Cs well followed the van 't Hoff equation in the two agricultural rivers, where the enthalpy of reaction was estimated as -15.6 and -19.6 kJ mol-1. The van 't Hoff equation was not well followed for a forested river, where the suspended solids mainly comprised organic matter, suggesting that the dominant process determining dissolved 137Cs concentrations in forested rivers is not only water temperature effect on ion exchange, but rather the input of 137Cs and K+ (competing with 137Cs for exchange sites on mineral particles) into the water phase via litter leaching. Suspended solids concentrations in agricultural rivers correlated negatively with 137Cs concentrations in suspended solids, suggesting an increased proportion of coarse particles or the input of soils with low 137Cs concentration from decontaminated agricultural land. At some sites, 137Cs concentrations in dissolved form and in suspended solids were reduced sharply in association with the passage of Typhoon Hagibis in October 2019, suggesting that Typhoon Hagibis caused large-scale surface erosion that removed the source of 137Cs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Tsuji
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiro Nishikiori
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agriculture Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Shoko Ito
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Ozaki
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Mirai Watanabe
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Regional Environment Conservation Division, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Masaru Sakai
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
| | - Yumiko Ishii
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
| | - Seiji Hayashi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Fukushima Regional Collaborative Research Center, 10-2, Fukasaku, Miharu, Tamura, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pavlenko P, Kashparova O, Teien HC, Salbu B, Eide DM, Oughton DH, Hrechaniuk M, Levchuk S, Lazarev M, Kashparov V. Prussian Blue to reduce radiocaesium accumulation in fish in lakes affected by the Chornobyl accident. J Environ Radioact 2023; 270:107282. [PMID: 37619406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Fish in lakes situated within the Chornobyl exclusion zone have been highly contaminated since the accident and have not been utilized as food for humans. In the present study, field experiments with less-contaminated silver Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)) caged in contaminated lake within the Chornobyl exclusion zone was performed from June to October 2021 to investigate the effectiveness of clean feed containing potassium ferric hexacyanoferrate (KFCF) KFe[Fe(CN)6], a kind of Prussian Blue as a countermeasure to reduce 137Cs accumulation in fish. The addition of clean feed containing 0.1% or 1% KFCF resulted respectively in 2.4 ± 0.4 or 4.2 ± 0.7 times lower activity concentration of 137Cs in muscle tissue of the carp compared to control fish with clean feed without KFCF and in 7-16 or 12-27 times lower activities compared to fish without additional clean feeding. After 18 weeks exposure, 137Cs levels in all the caged fish except for the control group were below the European permissible level (600 Bq kg-1) for consumption. In contrast, KFCF did not affect the intake of 90Sr in fish, although additional feed increased the growth rate and thereby accumulation in bone tissues. Hence, the use of clean feed containing KFCF is judged to be an effective and inexpensive countermeasure to reduce the 137Cs contamination of edible fish muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Pavlenko
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - O Kashparova
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - H-C Teien
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - B Salbu
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - D M Eide
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - D H Oughton
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - M Hrechaniuk
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S Levchuk
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - M Lazarev
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - V Kashparov
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Škrkal J, Kajan M, Záhorová V. Anaerobic digestion: A promising technology of utilizing radioactively contaminated plant biomass. J Environ Radioact 2023; 268-269:107245. [PMID: 37523832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a widely used technology that allows for the reprocessing and reduction of waste biomass. A study was conducted to see if the AD technology might be used to process radioactively polluted agricultural biomass. For this purpose, laboratory tests were carried out with a 20-liter model biogas plant (BGP) with the radionuclide 134Cs and operational tests with the South Bohemian commercial biogas plant monitoring the radionuclide 137Cs. The activities of 134Cs in inputs, contaminated grass or maize silage and in emerging fractions were investigated in the model fermenter. The activity of 134Cs in the dry matter during the fermentation process increased by 46% on average, which corresponds to a reduction of dry matter by 43% due to the production of biogas. 137Cs activities were measured in commercial BGP maize, grass, and whole plant silage, wheat, digestate, biogas, and aerosol samples. The commercial BGP fermentation process was more efficient, with an 80% reduction in dry mass weight. Dry biomass (1.37 Bq/kg) had a 137Cs massic activity that was 4.4 times lower than the activity of dry digestate mass (6.01 Bq/kg). The activity of the 137Cs in biogas aerosol was 1.1 × 10-7 Bq/m3 or less, and the decontamination factor was 6.9 × 106 or greater. Most Cs remain in the digestate. No other ways of radioactivity leakage have been identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Škrkal
- SÚRO, v.v.i. (National Radiation Protection Institute), Bartoškova 1450/28, 14000, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Kajan
- Enki, o.p.s., Dukelská 145, 379 01, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Záhorová
- SÚRO, v.v.i. (National Radiation Protection Institute), Bartoškova 1450/28, 14000, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Đokić M, Manić M, Đorđević M, Gocić M, Čupić A, Jović M, Dragović R, Gajić B, Smičiklas I, Dragović S. Remote sensing and nuclear techniques for high-resolution mapping and quantification of gully erosion in the highly erodible area of the Malčanska River Basin, Eastern Serbia. Environ Res 2023; 235:116679. [PMID: 37454795 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Gully erosion leads to the formation of deep and wide channels that increase the risk of soil loss, flooding, and water pollution. In addition, this process reduces the productivity and viability of agricultural land and natural ecosystems. Preventing gully erosion is critical for maintaining ecological balance and preserving natural resources in certain areas. This paper presents a methodology integrating remote sensing and nuclear techniques to study gully erosion. The morphometric characterization of gullies using 360-degree camera photogrammetry was introduced as a new method in erosion research. This approach aims to investigate the suitability of unmanned aerial vehicle and terrestrial photogrammetry for modeling gullies, to study the variability of erosion processes in gullies at a small scale, and to compare the differences in erosion intensity between nearby gullies. The study's objectives include identifying the effective and economical method for gullies monitoring and providing a starting point for controlling and safeguarding gullies. Mainly erosion process was detected in the studied gullies, while deposition was identified at only 2 out of 39 sampling locations. The results showed an average soil redistribution rate of 16.2 t ha-1 yr-1 and coefficients of variation of 32%, 59%, and 91% for three investigated gullies. It was determined that aerial photogrammetry methods were not practical under the conditions prevailing in the study area. Highly detailed 3D models of the gullies were created using 360-degree photogrammetry. It was confirmed that the micro-relief obtained by photogrammetric modeling is an essential contribution to erosion research. The 360-degree camera photogrammetry serves as a reliable tool for analyzing the morphology of gullies and, in perspective, tracking changes in gully systems over time or monitoring the effectiveness of the applied protection measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrđan Đokić
- University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Geography, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia.
| | - Miloš Manić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Geography, Studentski Trg 3, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Đorđević
- University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Geography, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Milena Gocić
- University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Geography, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Čupić
- "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Jović
- "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ranko Dragović
- University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Geography, Višegradska 33, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Boško Gajić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Ivana Smičiklas
- "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Dragović
- "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee SH, Jung Y, Lee MJ, Lee CH. Development of metal radioactive liquid reference material for proficiency test. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 200:110970. [PMID: 37540991 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
This study developed liquid reference materials containing various metals, to be used for quality assurance of radiation measurements of the most common metallic wastes generated during the operation or decommissioning of nuclear power plants. The liquid reference materials were prepared by assuming the dissolution of stainless-steel using acid and melting of the major metals present in the stainless steel, namely Fe, Ni, Cr, and Mn, along with the standard sources (134Cs, 137Cs, 60Co, 90Sr). The theoretical massic activity of the standard sources added to the samples and the measured reference values of the gamma and beta emitters in the samples were compared, and they showed good agreement within a one-sigma confidence interval (k = 1). Using the developed reference materials, a proficiency test was conducted on three domestic labs, and the results were evaluated using Z-score. While the evaluation results showed good agreement between the reference values and the reported values for 137Cs and 60Co, all participating labs reported lower values than the reference value for 134Cs. For 90Sr, two out of the three labs reported significantly higher values than the reference value. Based on the results of this study, the developed metal radioactive liquid reference material is expected to be registered as certified reference material (CRM) in the future. They will be used as the CRM for measuring and ensuring the quality of radioactive metal waste.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Environmental Radioactivity Safety Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Y Jung
- Environmental Radioactivity Safety Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Lee
- Environmental Radioactivity Safety Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - C H Lee
- Nuclear Decommissioning Research Institute (NDRI), 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34013, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abbasi A, Zakaly HMH, Alotaibi BM. Radioactivity concentration and radiological risk assessment of beach sand along the coastline in the Mediterranean Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 195:115527. [PMID: 37714075 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
A radiological baseline survey was conducted using a calculation analysis to assess the 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs distribution in beach sand samples collected from the coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea. An analysis of the activity concentration of selected radionuclides was conducted. No evidence of recent migration of radiocaesium was found through precipitation, as well as indirect pathways, such as ocean runoff. The activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in beach sands ranged from 12 ± 1 to 37 ± 4 Bq kg- 1 (mean of 26 ± 3 Bq kg- 1); 18 ± 2 to 71 ± 8 Bq kg- 1 (mean of 40 ± 5 Bq kg- 1); 411 ± 10 to 720 ± 16 Bq kg- 1 (mean of 572 ± 12 Bq kg- 1); and 0.8 ± 0.1 to 3.1 ± 0.6 Bq kg- 1 (mean of 1.9 ± 0.3 Bq kg- 1), respectively. The radiological risk assessment showed that in all cases the values were lower than those that endanger life and safe work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Abbasi
- Faculty of Art and Science, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, TRNC, via Mersin 10, Turkey; Physics Department, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, 99628 North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Hesham M H Zakaly
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Egypt; Istinye University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul 34396, Turkey; Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - B M Alotaibi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yushin N, Jakhu R, Chaligava O, Grozdov D, Zinicovscaia I. Natural and anthropogenic radionuclides concentration with heavy metals analysis of the sediments collected around Novaya Zemlya. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 194:115346. [PMID: 37536080 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The Dispersal profile of the radioisotopes (226Ra, 232Th, 235U, 40K, 137Cs) along with potentially toxic elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, and Hg) in the sediments around the Novaya Zemlya was determined. The task was fulfilled with the aid of HPGe gamma spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, DMA-80 Direct Mercury Analysis System, X-ray diffraction and statistical tools. At most of the locations, the radionuclides activity was higher than the world average activity concentration for the respective nuclei, 40K being the most abundant. From all the potentially toxic elements detected, Cr and Ni were usually observed on higher levels compared to their background values, indicating the probability of the detrimental biological effects. Thus, the present situation at the studied area might be a threat to the neighboring marine life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Yushin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Rajan Jakhu
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
| | - Omari Chaligava
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia; Faculty of Informatics and Control Systems, Georgian Technical University, 77 Merab Kostava Street, 0171 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Dmitrii Grozdov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, 141980 Dubna, Russia; Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str., Magurele, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abbasi A. Radiation risk assessment of coastal biota from a quasi-Fukushima hypothetical accident in the Mediterranean Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 194:115363. [PMID: 37586269 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of the February 6, 2023, earthquake in Turkey was the idea of this research to define a Fukushima-like accident scenario in the Akkuyu nuclear reactor and investigate its radiation effects on the coastal organisms of the Mediterranean Sea. The concentration rate (CR), activity concentration in organisms, internal dose, external dose, and total dose rate were estimated using the ERICA Tool from 137Cs, 134Cs and 131I radionuclides. The minimum and maximum radiocesium CR were calculated at 0.063 Bq kg-1 fresh weight (f.w)/Bq kg-1 soil and 4.042 Bq kg-1 (f.w)/Bq kg-1 soil dry weight (d.w). Where this value for 131I ranged from 0.005 to 0.295 Bq kg-1 (f.w)/Bq kg-1 soil. For mammals-large and arthropods, we calculated the significant internal and external dose rates. All of the estimated dose rates were higher than the ICRP's derived consideration reference levels (10 μGy h-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Abbasi
- Faculty of Art and Science, University of Kyrenia, Kyrenia, North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey; Physics Department, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, 99628 North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abbasi A. Bioaccumulation and risk assessment of radiocesium in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 192:114994. [PMID: 37159958 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To understand which biota are more exposed to radionuclides, the bioaccumulation and risk assessment of radiocesium (137Cs and 134Cs) release from FDNPP in the Northwest Pacific Ocean were analyzed using ERICA tools. The activity level was determined by the Japanese Nuclear Regulatory Authority (RNA) in 2013. The data were used as input to the ERICA Tool modeling software to evaluate the accumulation and dose of marine organisms. The highest and lowest accumulate concentration rate were observed in birds (4.78E+02 Bq kg-1/Bq L-1) and the Vascular plant (1.04E+01 Bq kg-1/Bq L-1), respectively. The total dose rate range for the 137Cs and 134Cs ranged between 7.39E-04 and 2.65E+00 μGy h-1 and 4.24E-05 and 2.91E-01 μGy h-1, respectively. There is no considerable risk to the marine biota in the research region since the cumulative dose rates of radiocesium to the chosen species were all less than 10 μGy h-1.
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu Y, Zhou P, Men W. Impact of long-term operation of nuclear power plants on the marine ecosystem of Daya Bay. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 193:115146. [PMID: 37356129 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Based on the monitoring data of Daya Bay in 2011-2017, the impact of long-term operation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) on the marine ecosystem was accessed. 137Cs and 90Sr in seawater and sediment of Daya Bay decreased with time. The environmental half-lives of 137Cs and 90Sr in seawater, 137Cs in sediment were 7.1 a, 11.7 a and 13.9 a, respectively. The total dose rates of the marine organisms ranged from 230.5 to 853.9 nGy/h, lower than the ERICA screening benchmark (10 μGy/h). 210Po, 226Ra and 232Th were the main dose contributors. 137Cs and 90Sr contributed to ~0.01 %-~0.06 % of the total radiation. 137Cs contributed to <0.6 ‰ of the committed effective dose for humans. There were almost no radiation effects on the marine ecosystem of Daya Bay from NPPs before 2017. In the future, there will be no radiation risk for the long-term discharge of low-level radioactive waste to Daya Bay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, PR China
| | - Wu Men
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang F, Men W, Huang J, Chen Z, Xu L. Distribution and transportation of Fukushima-derived radiocesiums in the seawater of the Northwest Pacific ocean in May 2013. Chemosphere 2023:139314. [PMID: 37354957 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) has generated quantities of polluted water since the accident in 2011 triggered by the massive earthquake. In order to understand the FDNPP accident comprehensively and to provide a basic reference for predicting the transport of the treated nuclear contaminated water in the Northwest Pacific further, the distributions of 137Cs and 134Cs in the seawater as deep as 2000 m layer were determined in the subtropical region in May 2013. The results suggested that the radiocesium from FDNPP still existed in May 2013. But no FDNPP-derived radiocesium was found below 1000 m layer. The FDNPP accident contributed 0.46 PBq of 137Cs to the upper 500 m of water column, which was ∼1.6 times of the background amount of 137Cs (0.28 PBq). The maximum activities of 137Cs and 134Cs were 7.88 Bq/m3 and 3.40 Bq/m3, respectively. It is mainly because of the Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) that carried 137Cs and 134Cs to the subtropical region along the subsurface isopycnals (25.0-25.6 δθ). As time went on, more FDNPP-derived radiocesiums were transported to the subtropical region and to the subsurface layer by the STMW than ever. The cyclonic mesoscale eddy further promoted more radiocesiums downward transport and deeper penetration on the basis of the subduction of STMW. However, the formation of the vertical stratification and the presence of the low salinity water mass (at the depth of ∼500-∼700 m) restrained the penetration of the radiocesium into deeper and interior ocean and thus the FDNPP-derived 137Cs and 134Cs in the subtropical area mainly distributed in the upper 500 m layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Wang
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wu Men
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Jiang Huang
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lixiao Xu
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abbasi A, Zakaly HMH, Almousa N. Radiotoxic fission products and radiological effects in the Mediterranean Sea biota from a hypothetical accident in Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 193:115166. [PMID: 37348277 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
A combined hydrodynamic/radiobiological model was used to calculate the distribution and dose rate of significant radionuclides in the Mediterranean Sea marine organisms in the event of an accident at the Akkuyu Nuclear Power Plant (ANPP). The Hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model was applied to simulate the dispersion and deposition of artificial radionuclide concentrations. Environmental Risk from Ionising Contaminants: Assessment and Management (ERICA) tools were utilized to assess issues related to sea health and potential hazards in case of an accident. The scenario source term profile was derived from the Fukushima nuclear power accident. Volumetric concentrations and deposition levels of pollutants increased from 1 MBqm-3 to 1 × 103 MBqm-3 and from 1 × 10-1 MBqm-2 to 1 × 10-7 MBqm-2 after 48 h. In terms of dose rates to the various marine biotas, polychaete worms had the greatest overall dose rate and the highest contribution to total dose rates attributable to 137Cs radionuclide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Abbasi
- Department of Physics, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, 99628 North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey; Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, Lefkosa, Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Hesham M H Zakaly
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71452, Egypt; Istinye University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul 34396, Turkey; Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Nouf Almousa
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Owens PN, Stott TA, Blake WH, Millward GE. Legacy radionuclides in cryoconite and proglacial sediment on Orwell Glacier, Signy Island, Antarctica. J Environ Radioact 2023; 264:107206. [PMID: 37224721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cryoconite is a specific type of material found on the surface of glaciers and icesheets. Samples of cryoconite were collected from the Orwell Glacier and its moraines, together with suspended sediment from the proglacial stream on Signy Island, part of the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica. The activity concentrations of certain fallout radionuclides were determined in the cryoconite, moraine and suspended sediment, in addition to particle size composition and %C and %N. For cryoconite samples (n = 5), mean activity concentrations (±1SD) of 137Cs, 210Pbun and 241Am were 13.2 ± 20.9, 66.1 ± 94.0 and 0.32 ± 0.64 Bq kg-1, respectively. Equivalent values for the moraine samples (n = 7) were 2.56 ± 2.75, 14.78 ± 12.44 and <1.0 Bq kg-1, respectively. For the composite suspended sediment sample, collected over 3 weeks in the ablation season, the values (± counting uncertainty) for 137Cs, 210Pbun and 241Am were 2.64 ± 0.88, 49.2 ± 11.9 and <1.0 Bq kg-1, respectively. Thus, fallout radionuclide activity concentrations were elevated in cryoconite relative to moraine and suspended sediment. In the case of 40K, the highest value was for the suspended sediment (1423 ± 166 Bq kg-1). The fallout radionuclides in cryoconite were 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than values in soils collected from other locations in Antarctica. This work further demonstrates that cryoconite likely scavenges fallout radionuclides (dissolved and particulate) in glacial meltwater. In the case of 40K, the greater value in suspended sediment implies a subglacial source. These results are amongst the relatively few that demonstrate the presence of fallout radionuclides in cryoconites at remote locations in the Southern Hemisphere. This work adds to the growing contention that elevated activities of fallout radionuclides, and other contaminants, in cryoconites are a global phenomenon and may be a risk to downstream terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip N Owens
- Department of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, and Quesnel River Research Centre, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, V2N4Z9, Canada.
| | - Tim A Stott
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Will H Blake
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Geoffrey E Millward
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shuryak I. Analysis of causal effects of 137Cs deposition on 137Cs concentrations in trees after the Fukushima accident using machine learning. J Environ Radioact 2023; 264:107205. [PMID: 37196555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive contamination of forests by long-lived radionuclides from nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl and Fukushima continues to be studied and quantitatively modeled. Whereas traditional statistical and machine learning (ML) techniques generate predictions by focusing on correlations between variables, quantification of causal effects of radioactivity deposition levels on contamination of plant tissues represents a more fundamental and relevant research goal. Modeling of cause-and-effect relationships is advantageous over standard predictive modeling, particularly by improving the generalizability of results to other situations, where the distributions of variables, including potential confounders, differ from those in the training data. Here we used the state-of-the-art causal forest (CF) algorithm to quantify the causal effect of 137Cs land contamination after the Fukushima accident on 137Cs activity concentrations in the wood of four common Japanese forest tree species: Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa), konara oak (Quercus serrata), red pine (Pinus densiflora), and Sugi cedar (Cryptomeria japonica). We estimated the average causal effect for the population, quantified how it was influenced by other environmental variables, and produced effect estimates at the individual level. The estimated causal effect was quite robust to various refutation methods, and was negatively influenced by high mean annual precipitation, elevation, and time after the accident. Wood subtype (e.g. sapwood, heartwood) and tree species made smaller contributions to the causal effect. We believe that causal ML techniques have promising potential in radiation ecology and can usefully expand the toolkit of modeling approaches available to researchers in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Holiaka D, Yoschenko V, Cherniaiev OR, Moskaliuk A, Lesnik O, Levchuk S, Holiaka M, Gumenuk V, Kovbasa Y, Borsuk O, Holik V, Nanba K, Kashparov V. Variability of activity concentrations and radial distributions of 137Cs and 90Sr in trunk wood of Scots pine and Silver birch. J Environ Radioact 2023; 263:107186. [PMID: 37087959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the variability of 137Cs and 90Sr concentrations in wood and their radial distributions in the trunks of Scots pine and Silver birch trees in the small uniformly contaminated forest stands in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone. Concentrations of both radionuclides follow a lognormal distribution with a large scatter of values measured in the trees within the stands (GSD ranges from 1.6 to 2.0). No correlation was found between the concentrations of the two radionuclides measured in individual trees, or between their concentrations and tree diameter. The average 137Cs and 90Sr Tag were 8.4 × 10-4 m2 kg-1 and 8.8 × 10-3 m2 kg-1 for pine, respectively, and 9.3 × 10-4 m2 kg-1 and 1.1 × 10-2 m2 kg-1 for birch, indicating a much higher availability of 90Sr for uptake by the studied species. For 137Cs, the Tag values are within the range recommended by the IAEA Handbook (IAEA, 2010), while the values for 90Sr exceed the recommended range for birch and are close to its upper value for pine. The highest concentrations of 137Cs in pine at the height of 1.3 m were measured in the youngest sapwood rings; they were lower in the rest of the sapwood and decreased further in the heartwood, but remained relatively high even in annual rings that were the heartwood at the time of deposition, suggesting sapwood-to-heartwood translocation of the radionuclide by diffusion and/or ray transport. In contrast, 90Sr concentrations increased through the sapwood from the trunk periphery in pine trees up to 80 years old and remained stable through the sapwood in older trees (except for higher concentrations in the young annual rings), but dropped to zero in physiologically inactive heartwood tissues. In most birch trees, regardless of age, 137Cs concentrations demonstrated an increasing trend from the trunk periphery towards the pith, while concentrations of 90Sr were relatively stable in the whole trunk except in the oldest annual rings, where they increased sharply, likely indicating active transport of the radionuclide to senescing tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Holiaka
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Mashinobudivnykiv str. 7, Chabany, Kyiv region, 08162, Ukraine.
| | - V Yoschenko
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity at Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima Prefecture, 960-1296, Japan
| | - O R Cherniaiev
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Mashinobudivnykiv str. 7, Chabany, Kyiv region, 08162, Ukraine
| | - A Moskaliuk
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Mashinobudivnykiv str. 7, Chabany, Kyiv region, 08162, Ukraine
| | - O Lesnik
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Mashinobudivnykiv str. 7, Chabany, Kyiv region, 08162, Ukraine
| | - S Levchuk
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Mashinobudivnykiv str. 7, Chabany, Kyiv region, 08162, Ukraine
| | - M Holiaka
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Mashinobudivnykiv str. 7, Chabany, Kyiv region, 08162, Ukraine
| | - V Gumenuk
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Mashinobudivnykiv str. 7, Chabany, Kyiv region, 08162, Ukraine
| | - Y Kovbasa
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Mashinobudivnykiv str. 7, Chabany, Kyiv region, 08162, Ukraine
| | - O Borsuk
- Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve, Tolochina str. 28, Ivankiv, Kyiv region, 07201, Ukraine
| | - V Holik
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Mashinobudivnykiv str. 7, Chabany, Kyiv region, 08162, Ukraine
| | - K Nanba
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity at Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima Prefecture, 960-1296, Japan
| | - V Kashparov
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Mashinobudivnykiv str. 7, Chabany, Kyiv region, 08162, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yakovlev E, Puchkov A, Druzhinin S. Evaluation of current natural and anthropogenic radionuclide activity in coastal area bottom sediments of the Barents Sea (North of the Kola Peninsula). Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 189:114809. [PMID: 36913803 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This article is devoted to the study of the activity of technogenic 137Cs and 90Sr, as well as natural radionuclides 40K, 232Th and 226Ra in bottom sediments of the Kola coast of the Barents Sea, where a significant number of radiation objects are concentrated. In order to characterize and assess the accumulation of radioactivity in the bottom sediments, we studied the particle size distribution and some physicochemical parameters, such as the content of organic matter, carbonates and ash components. The average activities of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 325.0, 25.1 and 466.7 Bq·kg-1, respectively. Levels of natural radionuclides in the coastal zone of the Kola Peninsula are within the range of marine sediments worldwide. Still, they are slightly higher than those observed in the central areas of the Barents Sea, most likely due to the formation of coastal bottom sediments as a result of the destruction of the natural radionuclide-enriched crystalline basement rocks that make up the Kola coast. The average activities of technogenic 90Sr and 137Cs in the bottom sediments of the Kola coast of the Barents Sea are 3.5 and 5.5 Bq·kg-1, respectively. The highest activities of 90Sr and 137Cs were found in the bays of the Kola coast, while they remain below detection limits in the open parts of the Barents Sea. Despite the presence of potential sources of radiation pollution in the coastal zone of the Barents Sea, we did not find any short-lived radionuclides in the bottom sediments, which indicates the absence of a significant influence of local sources on the transformation of the technogenic radiation background. The study of particle size distribution and physicochemical parameters showed that the accumulation of natural radionuclides is largely related to the content of organic matter and carbonates, while the accumulation of technogenic isotopes occurs in the composition of organic matter and the smallest fractions of bottom sediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Yakovlev
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109 Severnoj Dviny Emb., Arkhangelsk 163000, Russia.
| | - Andrey Puchkov
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109 Severnoj Dviny Emb., Arkhangelsk 163000, Russia
| | - Sergey Druzhinin
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109 Severnoj Dviny Emb., Arkhangelsk 163000, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Maringer FJ, Kadan R, Landstetter C, Lindner-Leschinski EM, Kleinrath L, Korner M, Redl A, Wiedner H. Radionuclide metrology methods and analysis of the Joint Danube Survey 4 sediment samples. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 196:110780. [PMID: 36958079 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
This low-level radionuclide metrology research work was carried out within the Joint Danube Survey 4 (JDS4), coordinated in 2018-2020 by the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR). The gamma-emitting radionuclides of the sediment samples were analysed by low-level gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity concentration of 90Sr was determined by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) after isolating the radio-strontium using a new radiochemical separation method. The results of the radiometric analysis of 90Sr, 137Cs and naturally occurring radionuclides 40K, 210Pb, 226Ra, 228Ra in recent riverbed sediment are presented and discussed focused on public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Josef Maringer
- BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter Jordan Straße 82, 1190, Wien, Austria; TU Wien - University of Technology Vienna, Karlsplatz 13, 1040, Wien, Austria.
| | - Rainer Kadan
- AGES - Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Spargelfeldstraße 191, 1220, Wien, Austria
| | - Claudia Landstetter
- AGES - Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Spargelfeldstraße 191, 1220, Wien, Austria
| | | | - Lisa Kleinrath
- TU Wien - University of Technology Vienna, Karlsplatz 13, 1040, Wien, Austria
| | - Martin Korner
- AGES - Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Spargelfeldstraße 191, 1220, Wien, Austria
| | - Alexander Redl
- TU Wien - University of Technology Vienna, Karlsplatz 13, 1040, Wien, Austria
| | - Hannah Wiedner
- Labor für Strahlenschutz, Magistratsabteilung 39, Stadt Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1190, Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kashparova O, Teien HC, Pavlenko P, Salbu B, Eide DM, Levchuk S, Jensen KA, Protsak V, Hrechaniuk M, Kashparov V. Clean feed as countermeasure to reduce the 90Sr and 137Cs levels in fish from contaminated lakes. J Environ Radioact 2023; 258:107091. [PMID: 36566703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glubokoye Lake situated within the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is highly contaminated with respect to radioactive caesium and strontium isotopes, which also is reflected in the contaminated fish. To utilize the fish resources in contaminated lakes, the present work presents for the first time the effectiveness of using clean feed to counteract contamination of radionuclides in fish. The study is based on a series of repeated experiments with Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782)) kept in cages in the contaminated Glubokoye Lake during summer 2018-2021. By the addition of clean feed, the activity concentration of 137Cs in fish muscle tissues was lowered with a factor of 2-5 due to biodilution. Surprisingly, additional clean feed did not lead to further decrease in the uptake of 137Cs in fish. In contrast to 137Cs, the addition of clean feed increased the 90Sr activity concentration in fish by a factor of 2-4 compared to fish fed with naturally occurring feed items. Radioactive strontium accumulated mainly in the fish bones and the muscle tissue level was 2 orders of magnitude lower, similar to the distribution observed for stable Sr. By utilizing a new kinetic model describing the dynamics of strontium isotopes in bone tissues of fish, predictions fitted well with site-specific data, taking growth rates and aging into account. Results showed that clean feeding can be used to counteract high activity concentration of 137Cs in fish due to biodilution, but cannot counteract bioaccumulation of 90Sr. Findings highlighted that it is essential to understand underlying factors influencing the uptake pathways for contaminants, as access to clean feed could increase the growth and thereby reduce the body activity concentration of dietary associated radionuclides such as 137Cs (biodilution), as well as increase the transfer of dissolved compounds such as 90Sr directly from water to fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kashparova
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
| | - Hans-Christian Teien
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Polina Pavlenko
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Brit Salbu
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Dag Markus Eide
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sviatoslav Levchuk
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Karl Andreas Jensen
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Valentyn Protsak
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Maksym Hrechaniuk
- Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Valery Kashparov
- Center for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) of National University of Life and Environment Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li Y, Li K, Cai L, Zhu D, Liu Z, Wei X. Assessment of soil redistribution in a typical karst catchment using 137Cs. J Environ Radioact 2023; 257:107087. [PMID: 36516665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An effective assessment of soil erosion and redistribution is a prerequisite for soil erosion control and is critical to achieving sustainable development goals. The most typical landscape in the karst region of Southwest China is found in the peak-cluster depression area, but little attention has been given to the soil redistribution here. A typical karst peak-cluster depression catchment water area in Southwest China was selected, and 137Cs technology was used to evaluate the soil redistribution rate and soil erosion process along a total transect (hillslope, depression and sinkhole) in the catchment. The results showed that the distribution of 137Cs had a high spatial variability on the total transect of the catchment (CV = 60.04%), the middle slope was the most severely eroded (highest erosion rate of 13.49 t ha-1 yr-1), and the area between the bottom slope and the depression was the primary sedimentary area on the surface in the catchment. The distribution of soil properties on the hillslope was affected by the process of soil redistribution. According to the distribution of the 137Cs soil profile, the soil profile of the hillslope was uniform, and signs of historical tillage activities were evident; the historical tillage activities of depressions were in the range of 0-20 cm depth, while the 137Cs in the sinkhole was mostly distributed in the shallow layers and decreased exponentially with depth, reflecting the depositional characteristics of noncultivated soil. In addition, this study found evidence of underground soil loss in sinkholes since the 1960s; the shallow sediment of these sinkholes mainly came from depressions, with an average deposition rate of 11.77 t ha-1 yr-1. Human disturbance and land-use change controlled recent changes in soil redistribution. The soil erosion rate of the hillslopes in catchments was extremely low (average erosion rate of 1.92 t ha-1 yr-1). The rocky desertification of hillslopes occurred before 1960; it was not a short-term contemporary process that occurred only during recent decades. This study showed that underground soil loss mainly occurred through sinkholes for a short period of time (100 years). These research results are of great significance for understanding the evolution of rocky desertification and the process of soil erosion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 500025, China; State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, 550001, China; Guanling Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Guizhou Normal University, Guanling, 561301, China.
| | - Kaiping Li
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, 550003, China.
| | - Lulu Cai
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 500025, China; State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Dayun Zhu
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 500025, China; State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Ziqi Liu
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 500025, China; State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Xingyu Wei
- Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, 10027, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Khodadadi M, Alewell C, Mirzaei M, Ehssan-Malahat E, Asadzadeh F, Strauss P, Meusburger K. Understanding deforestation impacts on soil erosion rates using 137Cs, 239+240Pu, and 210Pb ex and soil physicochemical properties in western Iran. J Environ Radioact 2023; 257:107078. [PMID: 36423536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.107078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of converting forests into vineyards typical to Zarivar Lake watershed, Iran, which occurred mainly in the 1970s and 80s, on soil erosion,137Cs and 210Pbex, being mid-and-long-term soil loss tracers, were applied. In Chernobyl-contaminated areas like those found in some parts of Europe and Asia, the proportion of 137Cs Chernobyl fallout needs to be determined to convert 137Cs inventories into soil erosion rates. To do so, Pu radioisotopes were applied for the first time in Iran. The soil samples were gathered from two adjacent, almost similar hillslopes under natural forest (slope length: 250 m; slope gradient: 20%) and rainfed vineyard (slope length: 200 m; slope gradient: 17%). 137Cs/239+240Pu ratios indicated that 49.8 ± 10.0% of 137Cs originated from Chernobyl. The net soil erosion rates derived by 137Cs, and 210Pbex approaches were 5.0 ± 1.1 and 5.9 ± 2.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in the forested hillslope, and 25.9 ± 5.7 and 32.5 ± 14.5 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in the vineyard hillslope, respectively. Both 137Cs and 210Pbex highlighted that deforestation increased soil erosion by around five times. Moreover, the impacts of deforestation on soil physicochemical properties were investigated in surface and subsurface soils. Compared to forested hillslope, soil organic carbon stock in the upper 40 cm of the vineyard reduced by 14 Mg C ha-1 (29%), 8 Mg C ha-1 of which was removed by erosion within 35 years, and the remaining have likely been lost via emissions (6 Mg C ha-1). The vineyard topsoil experienced the most dramatic drops in percolation stability (PS), sealing index, and organic matter by about 55, 51, and 49%, respectively. Among all measured physicochemical properties, PS showed the greatest sensitivity to land-use change. Overall, the present study's findings confirmed that deforestation for agricultural purposes triggered soil loss, deteriorated soil quality and possibly contributed to the reduction of the lake's water quality and climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maral Khodadadi
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), 31485/1498, Iran; Department of Geology and Environmental Earth Science, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States.
| | - Christine Alewell
- Environmental Geosciences, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 30, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Mirzaei
- Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, 31485/1498, Iran
| | | | - Farrokh Asadzadeh
- Department of Soil Science, Urmia University, Urmia, 5756151818, Iran
| | - Peter Strauss
- Institute for Land and Water Management Research, Federal Agency for Water Management, Pollnbergstrasse 1, A-3252, Petzenkirchen, Austria
| | - Katrin Meusburger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL), 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abass MR, El-Kenany WM, Eid MA. Sorption of cesium and gadolinium ions onto zirconium silico antimonate sorbent from aqueous solutions. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 192:110542. [PMID: 36462302 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Using a batch equilibrium technique, the sorption of 137Cs and 153Gd onto synthesized zirconium silico antimonate (ZrSiSb) sorbent was examined. The new sorbent was prepared by precipitation technique and characterized by diverse analytical tools. The influence of shaking time, pH, metal ion concentrations, temperature, and a real sample was carried out. The data indicate that ZrSiSb has a very fast equilibrium time (30 min). The distribution coefficient values as a function of pH have sequence order; Cs(I) > Gd(III). The reaction kinetic obeys the pseudo-2nd-order model. The saturation capacity is 69.8 and 27.2 mg/g for Cs(I) and Gd(III), respectively. Equilibrium data were analyzed by various sorption isotherm models. Desorption studies showed that the best eluents for complete recovery (about 99%) of the selected ions are KCl for Cs(I) and CaCl2 for Gd(III). The sorption effectiveness of the new ZrSiSb to remove 137Cs and 153Gd from real low-level radioactive waste was examined. The results obtained showed that the prepared new composite can be applied as a hoped sorbent material to get rid of these radionuclides from different wastewaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Abass
- Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Cairo, Egypt
| | - W M El-Kenany
- Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - M A Eid
- Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 13759, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Di Palma A, Adamo P, Dohi T, Fujiwara K, Hagiwara H, Kitamura A, Sakoda A, Sato K, Iijima K. Testing mosses exposed in bags as biointerceptors of airborne radiocaesium after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station accident. Chemosphere 2022; 308:136179. [PMID: 36055590 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eight years after the Fukushima nuclear accident, mosses exposed in bags were used to investigate their ability to accumulate radiocaesium and therefore to act as biointerceptors of 134Cs and 137Cs in the evacuated area of the Fukushima territory. Bags were filled with 3 widely studied moss species (Sphagnum palustre, Hypnum cupressiforme, and Hypnum plumaeforme) and exposed for 3, 6 or 9 weeks at 5 former residential sites within the Fukushima area and, for comparison, at three background sites located 700 km away. The radiocaesium activity concentrations found in moss bags were evaluated as function of exposure time, site conditions and moss species. In the Fukushima area, the moss bags accumulated 137Cs at all exposure sites and in all exposure periods, with S. palustre having the highest 137Cs accumulation ability. The 137Cs activity concentrations (from 28 to 4700 Bq kg-1) measured in moss bags increased with the exposure time and were consistent with the decontamination status of each exposure site, highlighting the big potential of moss bags to discriminate among exposure sites. Time dependency of 137Cs activity concentrations measured in mosses allowed the calculation of location-specific and species-specific factors, which can be used to predict radiocaesium accumulation trends in future biomonitoring surveys performed in the same area with the same experimental design. Autoradiography and electron microscopy analyses of the moss surfaces revealed a prevalence of soil-derived particulate form of radiocaesium, suggesting the use of moss bags as warning sensors of resuspended particles potentially harmful for local residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Di Palma
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy; Fukushima Environmental Evaluation Research Division, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Japan.
| | - P Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - T Dohi
- Fukushima Environmental Evaluation Research Division, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Japan
| | - K Fujiwara
- Fukushima Environmental Evaluation Research Division, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Japan
| | - H Hagiwara
- Fukushima Environmental Evaluation Research Division, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Japan
| | - A Kitamura
- Fukushima Environmental Evaluation Research Division, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Japan
| | - A Sakoda
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Japan
| | - K Sato
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Japan
| | - K Iijima
- Fukushima Environmental Evaluation Research Division, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hirose K, Povinec PP. Ten years of investigations of Fukushima radionuclides in the environment: A review on process studies in environmental compartments. J Environ Radioact 2022; 251-252:106929. [PMID: 35717792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In March 2011, severe nuclear accident happened at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) after the gigantic earthquake and following huge tsunami wave. A lot of investigations to assess environmental and radiological impacts of released radionuclides have been conducted by domestic and international organizations. Environmental radioactivity research related to the FDNPP accident has spread widely over different scientific fields due to specific features of the accident, and specifically its impact on the marine environment. The present paper summarizes major lessons learned from the environmental investigations of the FDNPP accident. Environmental radioactivity studies have typical interdisciplinary character; especially physics and chemistry are fundamental as a base of process studies in the environment. In this sight, we review chemical aspects regarding FDNPP-derived radiocesium transfer within and between compartments (atmosphere, ocean and land). We also discuss future trends in investigations of behavior of anthropogenic radionuclides in the environment, important not only for a better understanding of impacts of the FDNPP accident on the environment, but also for improving our general knowledge of the total environment in the Anthropocene era and its protection for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Hirose
- Laboratory for Environmental Research at Mount Fuji, Okubo, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Pavel P Povinec
- Comenius University, Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang H, Ni Y, Men W, Wang Z, Liu M, Xiao D, Zheng J. Distributions of fallout 137Cs, 239+240Pu and 241Am in a soil core from South Central China. J Environ Radioact 2022; 251-252:106971. [PMID: 35961100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The source and vertical distribution of 137Cs,239+240Pu and 241Am activity concentrations in a soil core from Hunan Province, China were investigated. The maximum 137Cs and 239+240Pu activity concentrations were 15.45 ± 0.76 mBq/g and 0.819 ± 0.066 mBq/g, respectively. While the maximum 241Am activity concentration in samples obtained from the core was 0.341 ± 0.019 mBq/g. The 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio and the 137Cs/239+240Pu activity ratio were 0.183 ± 0.011 and 19.5 ± 1.8, respectively, and both were consistent with the characteristic value of global fallout. The integrated 241Am/239+240Pu activity ratio for global fallout was also re-estimated. The measured 241Am/239+240Pu activity ratio (average 0.43 ± 0.07) in the samples was very close to the estimated value (0.45), which suggested their 241Am also came from the global fallout. Regarding the vertical distribution of 137Cs, 239+240Pu and 241Am in these red soil samples, all these radionuclides had higher concentrations in upper layers of several centimeters of soil while they had slightly lower concentrations in lower soil layers down to 30 cm. Vertical distributions of 137Cs/239+240Pu and 241Am/239+240Pu activity ratios indicated the migration velocity was Am ≈ Pu > Cs. The intrinsic chemical properties of the radionuclides as well as soil type and properties (acidic, nutrient-deficient and low in organic matter and cation exchange capacity) might be reasons for the differences in their migration behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Wang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China; National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 491 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Youyi Ni
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Wu Men
- School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Ningliu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210044, China
| | - Zhongtang Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Detao Xiao
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 491 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kumamoto Y, Aoyama M, Hamajima Y, Inoue M, Nishino S, Kikuchi T, Murata A, Sato K. Fukushima-derived radiocesium in the western subarctic area of the North Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, and Arctic Ocean in 2019 and 2020. J Environ Radioact 2022; 251-252:106949. [PMID: 35749953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We measured dissolved radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) in surface seawater collected in the western subarctic area of the North Pacific Ocean, Bering Sea, and Arctic Ocean in 2019 and 2020. The radiocesium released from the accident of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FNPP1) in 2011 was still observed in these areas (∼2 Bq m-3 decay-corrected to the date of the accident). In 2019/2020, the FNPP1-derived radiocesium concentrations in the Bering Sea and the Chukchi Sea, which is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean connecting the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean, were within the range of those observed in 2017/2018. On the other hand, the FNPP1-derived radiocesium was detected in the Arctic Ocean farther north of the Chukchi Sea in 2019/2020 for the first time. This was probably derived from the long-range transport of the FNPP1-derived radiocesium from the North Pacific coastal area of Japan to the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Sea during the past decade. The transport of the FNPP1-derived radiocesium from the Bering Sea to the western subarctic area in 2019/2020 is not clear, which implies the retainment of the FNPP1-derived radiocesium within the Bering Sea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Kumamoto
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 2370061, Japan.
| | - Michio Aoyama
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 3058577, Japan; Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Fukushima, 9601296, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Hamajima
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Wake, Nomi, Ishikawa, 9231224, Japan.
| | - Mutsuo Inoue
- Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Wake, Nomi, Ishikawa, 9231224, Japan.
| | - Shigeto Nishino
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 2370061, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kikuchi
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 2370061, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Murata
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 2370061, Japan.
| | - Kazutoshi Sato
- Faculty of Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, Kitami, 0908507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Saniewski M, Wietrzyk-Pełka P, Zalewska T, Węgrzyn MH. Current radioactive fallout contamination along a trans-European gradient assessed using terricolous lichens. Chemosphere 2022; 304:135281. [PMID: 35691402 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lichens are considered to be good indicators of contamination of the terrestrial environment. In this study, we investigated the level of 137Cs and 4 K accumulated by Cladonia arbuscula and Stereocaulon alpinum along a longitudinal gradient from northern Norway, across Sweden to southern Poland. Additionally, we compared isotope contents between the selected lichen species, and investigated the correlation of the 137Cs content accumulated by C. arbuscula with 137Cs fallout after the Chernobyl disaster. The activity of 137Cs varied from 3.58 Bq kg-1 to 559 Bq kg-1 for S. alpinum, and from 1.18 Bq kg-1 to 130 Bq kg-1 for C. arbuscula. The activity of 4 K ranged from 114 Bq kg-1 to 341 Bq kg-1 for S. alpinum and from 27.2 Bq kg-1 to 314 Bq kg-1 for C. arbuscula. The 137Cs content did not differ between C. arbuscula and S. alpinum; however, the difference between species was significant for 4 K accumulation. The activity of 137Cs in C. arbuscula was significantly correlated with deposition from 1986. Based on our findings we created a spatial map of 137Cs activity in lichens measured 30 years after the event that was the primary source of this isotope. We showed that C. arbuscula can be used to assess contamination and create interpolation maps of radionuclide deposition, even if the primary deposition took place many years ago.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, Waszyngtona 42. 81-342, Gdynia, Poland.
| | - P Wietrzyk-Pełka
- Laboratory of Polar Research and Documentation, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - T Zalewska
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, Waszyngtona 42. 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
| | - M H Węgrzyn
- Laboratory of Polar Research and Documentation, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tondel M, Nordquist T, Isaksson M, Rääf C, Wålinder R. Cancer incidence in a male adult population in relation to estimated protracted colon dose - A nested case control study in Northern Sweden after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156349. [PMID: 35660436 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Uncertainty in the dose-response of low dose radiation raised concern of an increased cancer incidence in Sweden after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accident. MATERIAL AND METHODS A closed cohort was created of all males ≥18 years of age living in the Northern Sweden in 1986. In total 826,400 individuals were enrolled including 40,874 hunters. A nested case-control design was used with five controls randomly selected for each cancer case matched on year of diagnosis and year of birth. Individual absorbed colon dose was calculated 1986 to 2015. Allowing for a 5-year latency period Hazard Ratios (HR) per mGy with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were calculated in a conditional logistic regression adjusted by rural/non-rural living, length of education and pre-Chernobyl cancer incidence 1980 to 1985. A total of 127,109 cancer cases occurred from 1 January 1991 to 31 December 2015. Cancer was classified in: 1) Organ-specific (stomach, colon, liver, lung, prostate, urinary bladder, thyroid and leukaemia), 2) Other and 3) Not previously associated to ionizing radiation. RESULTS The average colon dose in cases was 1.77 mGy compared to controls 1.73 mGy. Hunters average colon dose was 2.32 mGy. Organ-specific cancers showed the highest HR per mGy both in the full cohort, adj HR 1.019 (1.014-1.024) and the hunter subcohort, adj HR 1.014 (1.001-1.027) during follow-up 1991 to 2015. Other cancer and Not previously associated with ionizing radiation showed lower HR per mGy. Therefore, the adj HR per mGy for Total cancer, 1.013 (1.009-1.017) was explained by Organ-specific cancer. Increased adj HR per mGy was seen in stomach, colon and prostate cancer, respectively in the full cohort and lung cancer in hunters. CONCLUSIONS Some cancer sites previously associated with ionizing radiation showed a positive adjusted HR per mGy both in the full cohort and in the hunter subcohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tondel
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden; Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tobias Nordquist
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Isaksson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christopher Rääf
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Robert Wålinder
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden; Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
He J, Lin F. Investigation on the chemical recovery and stability of a newly developed method for 137Cs measurement in marine biota Scomber Japonicus. Appl Radiat Isot 2022; 188:110381. [PMID: 35872558 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2022.110381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Seven sets of experiments based on a newly developed Mincing-Digesting method for 137Cs measuring in marine biota Scomber Japonicus were conducted to investigate the method's stability and chemical recovery. The results show the chemical recovery of radiocesium for aqueous parts is 68.77 ± 11.2%, which is relatively stable with R2 = 0.97, means this value could be used when measuring the Scomber Japonicus or other marine biota belonging to the same category and having similar muscular tissue and cellular structure. Meanwhile, the Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) of the method is 0.013Bq/kg-ww which is comparable with that of the conventional method, means that the method could be further developed as a reliable and efficient way to measure other radionuclides in other marine biotas in the future if more experiments were conducted.
Collapse
|
42
|
Kato H, Onda Y, Maejima K. Distribution of radiocesium and its controlling factors under the Japanese cedar canopies. J Environ Manage 2022; 314:115064. [PMID: 35447449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the spatial distribution of radiocesium deposited by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in a densely planted Japanese cedar stand. Systematic grid sampling was conducted to determine 137Cs inventories in the layers of deposited organic material and mineral soil at two different spatial scales (hillslope [60 m2] and small [1 m2]). The results showed that 137Cs inventories along the hillslope were heterogeneously distributed, with coefficients of variation for the deposited organic material and mineral soil layers of 46.4% and 48.9%, respectively. The 137Cs inventory in each layer tended to show a lognormal distribution. The correlation between the 137Cs inventories in deposited organic material and mineral soil in the same sampling grid was weak. The controlling mechanisms of the 137Cs inventories in the litter and mineral soil layers differed due to differences in the underlying key processes, such as canopy-forest floor transfer due to hydrological and biological processes. No significant correlation was found between the distance from the nearest tree trunk and the 137Cs inventory in the deposited organic layer at each sampling point. In contrast, the 137Cs inventory in the soil tended to increase as the distance from the nearest tree trunk increased at both the hillslope and small scales. It was found that the initial spatial patterns of 137Cs in the soil layer due to atmospheric deposition were preserved in the cedar stand. Finally, we tested the effects of soil sampling density on the reliability of mean soil 137Cs inventory estimations in the cedar stand. The results indicated that a soil sampling area greater than 0.06 m2 at the hillslope scale and 0.008 m2 at the small scale enabled the mean 137Cs inventory to be estimated with an uncertainty of less than 20% in the cedar stand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kato
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0006, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Onda
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0006, Japan
| | - Keita Maejima
- Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0006, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Oloś G, Dołhańczuk-Śródka A. Effective and environmental half-lives of radiocesium in game from Poland. J Environ Radioact 2022; 248:106870. [PMID: 35358916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2022.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
For the first time changes in the 137Cs activity in game throughout Poland, including its most contaminated part known as the Opole Anomaly, were analyzed. Due to its long physical half-life, 137Cs continuously demonstrates high activity both in soil and biota. The species of game mammals, along with forest fruit and mushrooms, tend to accumulate this radionuclide, becoming one of the main sources of secondary contamination in people. In this study the 137Cs activity in roe deer, wild boar and red deer muscle tissue samples, within the years of 1986-2019, were studied. The effective and environmental half-lives were determined for each of the mentioned species for four regions including NE Poland and the Opole Anomaly placed in SW Poland. In all examined species at least two different phases of changes in the 137Cs activity were distinguished, therefore the values of effective half-lives for the researched period since the Chernobyl accident do not correspond with the values from within last ten years. It was proven for the first time that within the anomalous area, featuring the highest values of gamma surface activity in Poland, the 137Cs activity increases with time in the muscle tissues of all three species. No intraspecies, nor interspecies differences of 137Cs activity among the studied species were found. In the light of the collected data, monitoring game considering the 137Cs activity appears to be valid, as, due to not completely clear trophic dependencies, this radionuclide currently increased its migration to the game species despite passing its physical half-life period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Oloś
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Opole University, Kominka Street 6, 45-032, Opole, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Dołhańczuk-Śródka
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Opole University, Kominka Street 6, 45-032, Opole, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Niida T, Wakiyama Y, Takata H, Taniguchi K, Kurosawa H, Fujita K, Konoplev A. A comparative study of riverine 137Cs dynamics during high-flow events at three contaminated river catchments in Fukushima. Sci Total Environ 2022; 821:153408. [PMID: 35090916 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the temporal variations in riverine 137Cs concentrations and fluxes to the ocean during high-flow events in three coastal river catchments contaminated by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. River water samples were collected at points downstream in the Niida, Ukedo, and Takase Rivers during three high-flow events that occurred in 2019-2020. Variations in both the dissolved and particulate 137Cs concentrations appeared to reflect the spatial pattern of the 137Cs inventory in the catchments, rather than variations in physico-chemical properties of water and suspended solid. Negative relationships between the 137Cs concentration and δ15N in suspended solid were found in all rivers during the intense rainfall events, suggesting an increased contribution of sediment from forested areas to the elevation of particulate 137Cs concentration. The 137Cs flux ranged from 0.33 to 19 GBq, depending on the rainfall erosivity. The particulate 137Cs fluxes from the Ukedo River were relatively low compared with the other two rivers and were attributed to the effect of the Ogaki Dam reservoir upstream. The percentage of 137Cs desorbed in seawater relative to 137Cs in suspended solids ranged from 2.8% to 6.6% and tended to be higher with a higher fraction of exchangeable 137Cs. The estimated potential release of 137Cs desorbed from suspended solids to the ocean was 0.022-0.57 GBq, and its ratio to the direct flux of dissolved 137Cs was 0.12-6.2. Episodic sampling during high-flow events demonstrated that the particulate 137Cs flux depends on catchment characteristics and controls 137Cs transfer to the ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyoe Takata
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Japan
| | | | - Honoka Kurosawa
- Graduate School of Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Japan
| | - Kazuki Fujita
- Fukushima Prefectural Centre for Environmental Creation, Japan
| | - Alexei Konoplev
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang F, Men W, Yu T, Huang J, He J, Lin J, Lin F, Deng F. Intrusion of Fukushima-derived radiocesium into the East China sea and the Northeast South China Sea in 2011-2015. Chemosphere 2022; 294:133546. [PMID: 35016960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the potential long-term impact of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident (FDNPPA) on the South China Sea (SCS) and the East China Sea (ECS), radiocesium isotopes 134Cs and 137Cs in seawater from 2011 to 2015 were measured. The highest activities of 134Cs and 137Cs in seawater were 0.73 Bq/m3 and 3.34 Bq/m3, respectively. The results demonstrated that FDNPPA-derived radiocesium intruded into the Northeast SCS and the ECS in 2013 and reached a maximum in 2014. The intrusion occurred within the upper 100 m and contributed ≤72.5% of the total 137Cs in the seawater of the SCS and ECS. The formation, subduction, and transport of subtropical mode water (STMW)/central mode water (CMW) trapped FDNPPA-derived radiocesium in the ocean interior and transported it southwestward from the high-latitude open ocean to the low-latitude western boundary area. Then, the FDNPPA-derived radiocesium entered the Northeast SCS and the ECS by the intrusion of the subsurface high-salinity water of the Kuroshio Current into the Northeast SCS and the ECS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Wang
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wu Men
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Tao Yu
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jianhua He
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jing Lin
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Feng Lin
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fangfang Deng
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang F, Men W, Huang J, Yu T, He J, Yu W, Li Y. Fukushima-derived radiocesium in the waters of the Northwest Pacific Ocean in the winter of 2011. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 176:113465. [PMID: 35245875 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To understand the transport of Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident (FDNPPA)-derived nuclear contaminated water, which will be discharged into the Pacific Ocean in the future, the distributions of 134Cs and 137Cs in seawater in the public areas east of Japan in winter 2011 were reported in this study. The ranges of 134Cs and 137Cs activities were <MDA (Minimum Detectable Activity) -68.9 Bq/m3 and 1.3-85.9 Bq/m3, respectively. The average decay corrected FDNPPA-derived 134Cs/137Cs activity ratio was 0.97. The FDNPPA-derived radiocesium existed in the seawater at a relatively high level at most stations. The 134Cs and 137Cs activities were comparable throughout the upper 50 m at each station. The FDNPPA-derived radiocesium was mainly distributed north of 36.5°N due to the boundary formed by the Kuroshio Extension. The temporal variations of FDNPPA-derived 134Cs and 137Cs suggested that their environmental half-lives in the study area were 61 d and 63 d in the period of June 2011 to June 2012, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Wang
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wu Men
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jiang Huang
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tao Yu
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianhua He
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wen Yu
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yiliang Li
- The Laboratory of Marine Ecological and Environmental Early Warning and Monitoring, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ernst AL, Reiter G, Piepenbring M, Bässler C. Spatial risk assessment of radiocesium contamination of edible mushrooms - Lessons from a highly frequented recreational area. Sci Total Environ 2022; 807:150861. [PMID: 34634344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The radioactive contamination of edible mushrooms increases human health hazards, especially in high mushroom collection intensity areas. Today only coarse-scale data with low spatial resolution are available, which prevents us from predicting human risk. To reduce the risk for human health, we need spatially explicit recommendations at landscape-scale. We used the Bavarian Forest National Park, a famous mushroom hunting location in Europe, as a model system. We aimed to increase the predictability of the contamination of the two most prominent mushroom species, bay boletus (Imleria badia) and ceps (Boletus edulis), and provide an efficient evidence-based risk assessment at landscape-scale. We revealed a high and a low 137Cs-activity impact area based on soil samples, which is also reflected by the mushroom species. 137Cs-activity of Imleria badia is about five times higher than the contamination of Boletus edulis; with one-third of the Imleria badia samples being over the statutory limit. The difference of contamination between species is more pronounced in the high-impact area. Elevation is a strong predictor in contrast to orientation of slopes. In high-impact areas, mushrooms showed higher 137Cs-activities at lower elevations. Soil analysis revealed that the maximum of the 137Cs-activity is still in the organic layers, indicating further mushroom contamination. We recommend using only Boletus edulis in the low-impact area for diet. We suggest that Boletus edulis bear a lower health risk than Imleria badia due to lower 137Cs-activities. Nevertheless, we need more landscape-scale studies to assess the 137Cs contamination risk for humans. Studies are primarily important in high-impact areas, which can be roughly identified by using soil contamination maps. The focus should be on high accumulating mushroom species like Imleria badia. Our study can serve as a blueprint to rapidly assess human health risks caused by radioactive contamination in landscapes intensively used by mushroom collectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Ernst
- University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Applied Physics, 36037 Fulda, Germany; Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Department of Mycology, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Gerald Reiter
- University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Faculty of Food Technology, Department of Applied Physics, 36037 Fulda, Germany
| | - Meike Piepenbring
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Department of Mycology, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claus Bässler
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Department of Conservation Biology, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Str. 2, 94481 Grafenau, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shuryak I. Machine learning analysis of 137Cs contamination of terrestrial plants after the Fukushima accident using the random forest algorithm. J Environ Radioact 2022; 241:106772. [PMID: 34768117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive contamination of terrestrial plants was extensively investigated and quantitatively modeled after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. This phenomenon, which is important for ecosystem functioning and protection of human health, is influenced by multiple factors, including plant species, time after the accident, and climate. Machine learning algorithms such as random forests (RF) have a record of strong performance on large multi-dimensional data sets, but, to our knowledge, combined data on post-Fukushima plant contamination with radionuclides were not yet subjected to a machine learning analysis. Here we performed such analysis on two large published data sets: (1) 137Cs activity concentrations in four common Japanese forest tree species. (2) Plant/soil 137Cs concentration ratios in multiple perennial plant species. The goal was to show the usefulness of machine learning for identifying and quantifying the main trends of 137Cs contamination in terrestrial plants. Each data set was split randomly into training and testing parts, RF was fitted and tuned on the training parts, and its performance was assessed on the testing parts by three metrics: coefficient of determination (R2), root mean squared error, and mean absolute error. Synthetic noise variables and the Boruta algorithm were used in a customized procedure to identify the most important predictor variables, which consistently outperformed random noise. Good agreement between observations and RF predictions (e.g. R2∼0.9 on testing data) was obtained on both data sets. The effects of the most important predictors (e.g. time after the accident, 137Cs land contamination level, and plant species) and interactions between them were quantified by partial dependence plots. These results of machine learning analyses of large data collections can help to complement previous modeling efforts, and to clarify the patterns of 137Cs contamination of plants after the Fukushima accident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th Street, VC-11-234/5, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ueda S, Hasegawa H, Ohtsuka Y, Ochiai S, Tani T. Ten-year radiocesium fluvial discharge patterns from watersheds contaminated by the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. J Environ Radioact 2021; 240:106759. [PMID: 34700123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident in March 2011, the fluvial discharge of 137Cs from watersheds to rivers was analyzed between 2011 and 2021. The concentrations of dissolved and particulate 137Cs were measured in river water samples collected from two rivers (the Hiso and Wariki rivers, mainly draining farmlands and forests, respectively) draining approximately 4-7 km2 watersheds in a montane area (the areal deposition of 134+137Cs; 1-3 MBq·m-2 in March 2011) of Iitate Village, Fukushima. Over the 10 yr analysis, the particulate 137Cs concentrations in the Hiso and Wariki rivers decreased by 70 and 50 times, respectively, and that of the dissolved form decreased by 150 and 130 times, respectively. Moreover, the apparent Kd (distribution coefficient) of 137Cs for water samples from both rivers have increased gradually over these periods. In 2011, the 137Cs discharge rates through the Hiso and Wariki rivers were 0.63% and 0.46% per year of the total amount of 137Cs deposited in their catchments, respectively; however, by 2021, these rates had decreased to 0.09% and 0.03% per year. The cumulative 137Cs discharge rates over 10 yr in the farmland- and forest-dominated rivers were 1.95% and 1.33%, respectively. These rates of the farmland-dominated river were ∼1.4-fold greater than those of the forest-dominated river. Moreover, ∼90% of the of the discharge occurred in particulate form while the remaining ∼10% was in the dissolved form. Thus, 137Cs deposited within these watersheds due to the accident was gradually discharged by the rivers over the 10-yr period; however, the majority remains stored in soils and litters etc. of the catchment area. These results indicate that 137Cs outflow from land-to-ocean will be limited in the future, as the river export of 137Cs is expected to continue decreasing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ueda
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori 039-3212, Japan.
| | - Hidenao Hasegawa
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ohtsuka
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Shinya Ochiai
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takashi Tani
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Men W, Wang F, Yu W, He J, Lin F, Deng F, Yu T, Ma H, Zeng Z. Radioactive impacts of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident on blue sharks in the Northwest Pacific. Chemosphere 2021; 285:131537. [PMID: 34329145 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident (FDNPPA) derived 134Cs, 137Cs and 110mAg in blue sharks captured in the Northwest Pacific during 2011-2018 were assessed for the first time in the aspects of radioactive contamination, temporal variation, maternal-to-fetus transfer, tissue distribution and radiation dose, to demonstrate the impacts of the FDNPPA on blue sharks. The contribution of the FDNPPA derived radiocesium in blue sharks (>52%) was estimated based on 134Cs/137Csactivity ratios. The effective and ecological half-lives of the FDNPPA derived 134Cs (270 d, 410 d), and 137Cs (430 d, 450 d) were calculated. These contaminations decreased with time and returned to the level before the FDNPPA during the period of Sep. 2017-Sep. 2018.134Cs and 137Cs tended to distribute in muscles, while 110mAg mainly distribute in their guts. 134Cs and 137Cs were also transferred to fetuses and the activities were up to ~30% of the maternal activities. Dose assessment demonstrated that the highest FDNPPA derived dose rate in blue sharks (~0.42 nGy/h) was far below the ERICA ecosystem screening benchmark of 10 μGy/h and the committed effective dose in humans from ingesting blue shark meat (0.06-0.90 μSv) was far less than that from annual consumption of food and water. It was far from causing radiation harm to blue sharks and humans, suggesting that the impacts of the FDNPPA on blue sharks were not significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Men
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jianhua He
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fangfang Deng
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging (Ministry of Education) and Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|