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Nakas G, Kantsa A, Vujić A, Mescher MC, De Moraes CΜ, Petanidou T. Recent fire in a Mediterranean ecosystem strengthens hoverfly populations and their interaction networks with plants. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9803. [PMID: 36789333 PMCID: PMC9905663 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fire affects many critical ecological processes, including pollination, and effects of climate change on fire regimes may have profound consequences that are difficult to predict. Considerable work has examined effects of fire on pollinator diversity, but relatively few studies have examined these effects on interaction networks including those of pollinators other than bees. We examined the effects of a severe wildfire on hoverfly pollinators in a Mediterranean island system. Using data collected over 3 consecutive years at burnt and unburnt sites, we documented differences in species diversity, abundance, and functional traits, as well as hoverfly interactions with flowering plants. Hoverfly abundance and species richness peaked during the first post-fire flowering season (year 1), which coincided with the presence of many opportunistic species. Also in year 1, hoverfly pollination networks were larger, less specialized, more nested, and less modular at burnt (vs. unburnt) sites; furthermore, these networks exhibited higher phylogenetic host-plant diversity. These effects declined over the next 2 years, with burnt and unburnt sites converging in similarity to hoverfly communities and interaction networks. While data obtained over 3 years provide a clear timeline of initial post-fire recovery, we emphasize the importance of longer-term monitoring for understanding the responses of natural communities to wildfires, which are projected to become more frequent and more destructive in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Nakas
- Department of GeographyUniversity of the AegeanMytileneGreece
| | - Aphrodite Kantsa
- Department of Environmental System SciencesETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Ante Vujić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Mark C. Mescher
- Department of Environmental System SciencesETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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Cortés‐Fernández I, Cerrato MD, Ribas‐Serra A, Ferrà X, Gil‐Vives L. The role of
E. maritimum
(L.) in the dune pollination network of the Balearic Islands. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9164. [PMID: 35949534 PMCID: PMC9353020 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Cortés‐Fernández
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group Universitat de les Illes Baleares, Carretera de Valldemossa Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Marcello Dante Cerrato
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group Universitat de les Illes Baleares, Carretera de Valldemossa Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Arnau Ribas‐Serra
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group Universitat de les Illes Baleares, Carretera de Valldemossa Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Xavier Canyelles Ferrà
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group Universitat de les Illes Baleares, Carretera de Valldemossa Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Lorenzo Gil‐Vives
- Interdisciplinary Ecology Group Universitat de les Illes Baleares, Carretera de Valldemossa Palma de Mallorca Spain
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3
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Geest EA, Baum KA. The Impact of Fire on Nectar Quality and Quantity for Insect Pollinator Communities. AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-187.2.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Geest
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater 74078
| | - Kristen A. Baum
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater 74078
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4
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Rakosy D, Motivans E, Ştefan V, Nowak A, Świerszcz S, Feldmann R, Kühn E, Geppert C, Venkataraman N, Sobieraj-Betlińska A, Grossmann A, Rojek W, Pochrząst K, Cielniak M, Gathof AK, Baumann K, Knight TM. Intensive grazing alters the diversity, composition and structure of plant-pollinator interaction networks in Central European grasslands. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263576. [PMID: 35275933 PMCID: PMC8916670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex socio-economic, political and demographic factors have driven the increased conversion of Europe's semi-natural grasslands to intensive pastures. This trend is particularly strong in some of the most biodiverse regions of the continent, such as Central and Eastern Europe. Intensive grazing is known to decrease species diversity and alter the composition of plant and insect communities. Comparatively little is known, however, about how intensive grazing influences plant functional traits related to pollination and the structure of plant-pollinator interactions. In traditional hay meadows and intensive pastures in Central Europe, we contrasted the taxonomic and functional group diversity and composition, the structure of plant-pollinator interactions and the roles of individual species in networks. We found mostly lower taxonomic and functional diversity of plants and insects in intensive pastures, as well as strong compositional differences among the two grassland management types. Intensive pastures were dominated by a single plant with a specialized flower structure that is only accessible to a few pollinator groups. As a result, intensive pastures have lower diversity and specificity of interactions, higher amount of resource overlap, more uniform interaction strength and lower network modularity. These findings stand in contrast to studies in which plants with more generalized flower traits dominated pastures. Our results thus highlight the importance of the functional traits of dominant species in mediating the consequences of intensive pasture management on plant-pollinator networks. These findings could further contribute to strategies aimed at mitigating the impact of intensive grazing on plant and pollinator communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetra Rakosy
- Department for Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Motivans
- Department for Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Valentin Ştefan
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Nowak
- Center for Biological Diversity Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Biology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Sebastian Świerszcz
- Center for Biological Diversity Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden, Warsaw, Poland
- Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Opole, Poland
| | - Reinart Feldmann
- Department for Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kühn
- Department for Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Costanza Geppert
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Neeraja Venkataraman
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anna Sobieraj-Betlińska
- Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anita Grossmann
- Department of Ecology, Chair of Ecosystem Sciences/Plant Ecology, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiktoria Rojek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pochrząst
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Anika Kirstin Gathof
- Department of Ecology, Chair of Ecosystem Sciences/Plant Ecology, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Baumann
- IFZ–Department for Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Tiffany Marie Knight
- Department for Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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5
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Tai TM, Kaldor A, Urbina D, Gratton C. Within-Year Effects of Prescribed Fire on Bumble Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Floral Resources. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:7. [PMID: 35039856 PMCID: PMC8763615 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the importance of bumble bees (genus Bombus Latreille) for their services to natural and agricultural environments, we know little about the relationship between grassland management practices and bumble bee conservation. Prescribed fire is a common grassland maintenance tool, including in areas where endangered and threatened bumble bees are present. Thus, knowledge of the effects of prescribed fire on bumble bees is essential for designing management schemes that protect and bolster their populations. Using nonlethal surveys to record bumble bee species richness, abundance, and community composition, we evaluated the effects of spring controlled burns on summer bumble bee gynes and workers across five sites in southern Wisconsin. In addition, we explored the effects of fire on floral resources by measuring floral genus richness, abundance, ground cover, and proportion of transects containing blooming flowers in adjacent burned and unburned parcels. Prescribed fire had no measurable effects on bumble bee gyne or worker community composition, species richness, or abundance. However, consistent with previous studies prescribed fire increased floral genus richness and ground cover. The disconnect between bumble bee and floral responses to fire highlights some opportunities for improving our understanding of fire's effects on bumble bee diapause, nest site choice, and foraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Tai
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A Kaldor
- University of Georgia, 120 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - D Urbina
- Universidad de Puerto Rico–Rio Piedras, 14, 2534 Av. Universidad Ste. 1401, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico
| | - C Gratton
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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da Silva Goldas C, Podgaiski LR, Veronese Corrêa da Silva C, Abreu Ferreira PM, Vizentin-Bugoni J, de Souza Mendonça M. Structural resilience and high interaction dissimilarity of plant-pollinator interaction networks in fire-prone grasslands. Oecologia 2021; 198:179-192. [PMID: 34773161 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-05071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fire is a frequent disturbance in most grasslands around the world, being key for the structure and dynamics of the biodiversity in such ecosystems. While grassland species may be resilient, little is known on how plant-pollinator networks reassemble after fire. Here, we investigate the structure and dynamics of plant-pollinator networks and the variation in species roles over a 2-year post-fire chronosequence on grassland communities in Southern Brazil. We found that both network specialization and modularity were similar over the chronosequence of time-since-fire, but in freshly burnt areas, there were more species acting as network hubs. Species roles exhibited high variation, with plant and pollinator species shifting roles along the post-disturbance chronosequence. Interaction dissimilarity was remarkably high in networks irrespective of times-since-fire. Interaction dissimilarity was associated more with rewiring than with species turnover, indicating that grassland plant and pollinator species are highly capable of switching partners. Time-since-fire had little influence on network structure but influenced the identity and diversity of pollinators playing key roles in the networks. These findings suggest that pollination networks in naturally fire-prone ecosystems are highly dynamic and resilient to fire with both plants and pollinators being highly capable of adjusting their interactions and network structure after disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila da Silva Goldas
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Interações, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Regina Podgaiski
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Interações, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Veronese Corrêa da Silva
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Interações, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro Maria Abreu Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Interações, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Milton de Souza Mendonça
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Interações, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91540-000, Brazil
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7
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Cutter J, Geaumont B, McGranahan D, Harmon J, Limb R, Schauer C, Hovick T. Cattle and sheep differentially alter floral resources and the native bee communities in working landscapes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02406. [PMID: 34245625 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Within agricultural landscapes, native bees often rely on limited natural and seminatural lands to provide the majority of the food and nesting resources that sustain them. To understand better how management can affect pollinators in these seminatural areas, we compared how sheep or cattle herbivory influenced floral resources and bee communities in low-diversity, former Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) pastures managed with patch-burn grazing. We sampled bee communities and floral resources three times per season in 2017, 2018, and 2019. We used plant-pollinator line transect sampling and collected bees and counted all flowering stems within 1 m. Across all years, we found that floral abundance, floral richness, floral diversity (Simpson's) and bee richness and abundance were significantly higher in cattle pastures compared to sheep. In cattle pastures, 46 native bee species plus honey bees interacted with 25 of 68 available flowering forbs. In sheep pastures, we recorded 14 native bee species and honey bees interacted with 10 of 34 flowering species. Native bee abundance and native bee richness were best explained by models that included an interaction of floral richness and year. Overall, our results suggest that season-long sheep grazing in low-diversity grasslands greatly reduces available floral resources and correlates with much lower bee abundance and native bee diversity. Given the importance of pollinators to natural and agricultural systems, it is imperative that we take proactive actions to increase forb richness and native flower abundance in seminatural lands to maintain a more diverse and resilient bee community that can continue to support pollination services and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Cutter
- School of Natural Resource Sciences-Range Science Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108, USA
- Hettinger Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Hettinger, North Dakota, 58639, USA
| | - Benjamin Geaumont
- Hettinger Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Hettinger, North Dakota, 58639, USA
| | - Devan McGranahan
- School of Natural Resource Sciences-Range Science Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108, USA
| | - Jason Harmon
- School of Natural Resource Sciences-Entomology Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108, USA
| | - Ryan Limb
- School of Natural Resource Sciences-Range Science Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108, USA
| | - Chris Schauer
- Hettinger Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Hettinger, North Dakota, 58639, USA
| | - Torre Hovick
- School of Natural Resource Sciences-Range Science Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58108, USA
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8
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Ozment KA, Welti EAR, Shaffer M, Kaspari M. Tracking nutrients in space and time: Interactions between grazing lawns and drought drive abundances of tallgrass prairie grasshoppers. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:5413-5423. [PMID: 34026017 PMCID: PMC8131794 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We contrast the response of arthropod abundance and composition to bison grazing lawns during a drought and non-drought year, with an emphasis on acridid grasshoppers, an important grassland herbivore.Grazing lawns are grassland areas where regular grazing by mammalian herbivores creates patches of short-statured, high nutrient vegetation. Grazing lawns are predictable microsites that modify microclimate, plant structure, community composition, and nutrient availability, with likely repercussions for arthropod communities.One year of our study occurred during an extreme drought. Drought mimics some of the effects of mammalian grazers: decreasing above-ground plant biomass while increasing plant foliar percentage nitrogen.We sampled arthropods and nutrient availability on and nearby ("off") 10 bison-grazed grazing lawns in a tallgrass prairie in NE Kansas. Total grasshopper abundance was higher on grazing lawns and the magnitude of this difference increased in the wetter year of 2019 compared to 2018, when drought led to high grass foliar nitrogen concentrations on and off grazing lawns. Mixed-feeding grasshopper abundances were consistently higher on grazing lawns while grass-feeder and forb-feeder abundances were higher on lawns only in 2019, the wetter year. In contrast, the abundance of other arthropods (e.g., Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Araneae) did not differ on and off lawns, but increased overall in 2019, relative to the drought of 2018.Understanding these local scale patterns of abundances and community composition improves predictability of arthropod responses to ongoing habitat change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina A. Ozment
- Geographical Ecology GroupDepartment of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA
| | - Ellen A. R. Welti
- Geographical Ecology GroupDepartment of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtGelnhausenGermany
| | | | - Michael Kaspari
- Geographical Ecology GroupDepartment of BiologyUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA
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Banza P, Macgregor CJ, Belo ADF, Fox R, Pocock MJO, Evans DM. Wildfire alters the structure and seasonal dynamics of nocturnal pollen‐transport networks. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Banza
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Universidade de Évora Évora Portugal
- A Rocha Portugal Mexilhoeira Grande Portugal
| | - Callum J. Macgregor
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford UK
- Butterfly Conservation Wareham UK
- Department of Biology University of York York UK
| | - Anabela D. F. Belo
- Departamento de Biologia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas Universidade de Évora Évora Portugal
| | | | | | - Darren M. Evans
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Fantinato E, Del Vecchio S, Silan G, Buffa G. Pollination networks along the sea-inland gradient reveal landscape patterns of keystone plant species. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15221. [PMID: 30323249 PMCID: PMC6189214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Linking the functional role of plants and pollinators in pollination networks to ecosystem functioning and resistance to perturbations can represent a valuable knowledge to implement sound conservation and monitoring programs. The aim of this study was to assess the resistance of pollination networks in coastal dune systems and to test whether pollination interactions have an explicit spatial configuration and whether this affect network resistance. To this aim, we placed six permanent 10 m-wide belt transects. Within each transect we placed five plots of 2 m x 2 m, in order to catch the different plant communities along the dune sequence. We monitored pollination interactions between plants and pollinators every 15 days during the overall flowering season. The resulting networks of pollination interactions showed a relatively low degree of resistance. However, they had a clear spatial configuration, with plant species differently contributing to the resistance of pollination networks occurring non-randomly from the seashore inland. Our results evidenced that beside contributing to the creation and maintenance of dune ridges, thereby protecting inland communities from environmental disturbance, plant species of drift line and shifting dune communities have also a crucial function in conferring resistance to coastal dune pollination networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fantinato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy.
| | - S Del Vecchio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - G Silan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
| | - G Buffa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy
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