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Vogels JJ, Van de Waal DB, WallisDeVries MF, Van den Burg AB, Nijssen M, Bobbink R, Berg MP, Olde Venterink H, Siepel H. Towards a mechanistic understanding of the impacts of nitrogen deposition on producer-consumer interactions. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1712-1731. [PMID: 37265074 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has increased substantially since the second half of the 20th century due to human activities. This increase of reactive N into the biosphere has major implications for ecosystem functioning, including primary production, soil and water chemistry and producer community structure and diversity. Increased N deposition is also linked to the decline of insects observed over recent decades. However, we currently lack a mechanistic understanding of the effects of high N deposition on individual fitness, species richness and community structure of both invertebrate and vertebrate consumers. Here, we review the effects of N deposition on producer-consumer interactions, focusing on five existing ecological frameworks: C:N:P ecological stoichiometry, trace element ecological stoichiometry, nutritional geometry, essential micronutrients and allelochemicals. We link reported N deposition-mediated changes in producer quality to life-history strategies and traits of consumers, to gain a mechanistic understanding of the direction of response in consumers. We conclude that high N deposition influences producer quality via eutrophication and acidification pathways. This makes oligotrophic poorly buffered ecosystems most vulnerable to significant changes in producer quality. Changes in producer quality between the reviewed frameworks are often interlinked, complicating predictions of the effects of high N deposition on producer quality. The degree and direction of fitness responses of consumers to changes in producer quality varies among species but can be explained by differences in life-history traits and strategies, particularly those affecting species nutrient intake regulation, mobility, relative growth rate, host-plant specialisation, ontogeny and physiology. To increase our understanding of the effects of N deposition on these complex mechanisms, the inclusion of life-history traits of consumer species in future study designs is pivotal. Based on the reviewed literature, we formulate five hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying the effects of high N deposition on consumers, by linking effects of nutritional ecological frameworks to life-history strategies. Importantly, we expect that N-deposition-mediated changes in producer quality will result in a net decrease in consumer community as well as functional diversity. Moreover, we anticipate an increased risk of outbreak events of a small subset of generalist species, with concomitant declines in a multitude of specialist species. Overall, linking ecological frameworks with consumer life-history strategies provides a mechanistic understanding of the impacts of high N deposition on producer-consumer interactions, which can inform management towards more effective mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost J Vogels
- Bargerveen Foundation, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dedmer B Van de Waal
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F WallisDeVries
- De Vlinderstichting / Dutch Butterfly Conservation, P.O. Box 6700 AM, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marijn Nijssen
- Bargerveen Foundation, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Bobbink
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matty P Berg
- A-LIFE, Section Ecology & Evolution, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- GELIFES, Community and Conservation Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Olde Venterink
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henk Siepel
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Saiz E, Griffell K, Isari S, Calbet A. Ecophysiological response of marine copepods to dietary elemental imbalances. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 186:105940. [PMID: 36905722 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of nutrient imbalanced diets on the feeding, reproduction and gross-growth efficiency of egg production of the copepod Paracartia grani. The cryptophyte Rhodomonas salina, cultivated under balanced (f/2) and imbalanced growth conditions (N and P limitation), served as prey. Copepod C:N and C:P ratios increased in the imbalanced treatments, particularly under P limitation. Feeding and egg production rates did not differ between the balanced and N-limited treatments but decreased under P limitation. We found no evidence of compensatory feeding in P. grani. C gross-growth efficiency averaged 0.34 in the balanced treatment and declined to values of 0.23 and 0.14 for the N- and P-limited treatments, respectively. Under N limitation, N gross-growth efficiency increased significantly to a mean value of 0.69, likely as a result of increasing the nutrient absorption efficiency. P gross-growth efficiency reached values > 1 under P limitation, involving the depletion of body P. Hatching success was >80%, with no differences among diets. Hatched nauplii, however, had lower size and slower development when the progenitor was fed a P-limited diet. This study highlights the effects of P limitation in copepods, which are more constraining than N, and the presence of maternal effects driven by prey nutritional composition that ultimately may affect population fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Saiz
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Kaiene Griffell
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Stamatina Isari
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Calbet
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Saiz E, Griffell K, Olivares M, Solé M, Theodorou I, Calbet A. Reduction in thermal stress of marine copepods after physiological acclimation. JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH 2022; 44:427-442. [PMID: 35664084 PMCID: PMC9155217 DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We studied the phenotypic response to temperature of the marine copepod Paracartia grani at the organismal and cellular levels. First, the acute (2 days) survival, feeding and reproductive performances at 6-35°C were determined. Survival was very high up to ca. 30°C and then dropped, whereas feeding and fecundity peaked at 23-27°C. An acclimation response developed after longer exposures (7 days), resulting in a decline of the biological rate processes. As a consequence, Q10 coefficients dropped from 2.6 to 1.6, and from 2.7 to 1.7 for ingestion and egg production, respectively. Due to the similarity in feeding and egg production thermal responses, gross-growth efficiencies did not vary with temperature. Respiration rates were less sensitive (lower Q10) and showed an opposite pattern, probably influenced by starvation during the incubations. The acclimation response observed in the organismal rate processes was accompanied by changes in body stoichiometry and in the antioxidant defense and cell-repair mechanisms. Predictions of direct effects of temperature on copepod performance should consider the reduction of Q10 coefficients due to the acclimation response. Copepod population dynamic models often use high Q10 values and may overestimate thermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Saiz
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Kaiene Griffell
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Manuel Olivares
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Montserrat Solé
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Iason Theodorou
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
| | - Albert Calbet
- INSTITUT DE CIÈNCIES DEL MAR (ICM–CSIC), PG. MARíTIM DE LA BARCELONETA 37-49, BARCELONA, CATALONIA 08003, SPAIN
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Calbet A, Saiz E. Thermal Acclimation and Adaptation in Marine Protozooplankton and Mixoplankton. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:832810. [PMID: 35401445 PMCID: PMC8984466 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.832810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper thermal adaptation is key to understanding how species respond to long-term changes in temperature. However, this is seldom considered in protozooplankton and mixoplankton experiments. In this work, we studied how two heterotrophic dinoflagellates (Gyrodinium dominans and Oxyrrhis marina), one heterotrophic ciliate (Strombidium arenicola), and one mixotrophic dinoflagellate (Karlodinium armiger) responded to warming. To do so, we compared strains adapted at 16, 19, and 22°C and those adapted at 16°C and exposed for 3 days to temperature increases of 3 and 6°C (acclimated treatments). Neither their carbon, nitrogen or phosphorus (CNP) contents nor their corresponding elemental ratios showed straightforward changes with temperature, except for a modest increase in P contents with temperature in some grazers. In general, the performance of both acclimated and adapted grazers increased from 16 to 19°C and then dropped at 22°C, with a few exceptions. Therefore, our organisms followed the "hotter is better" hypothesis for a temperature rise of 3°C; an increase of >6°C, however, resulted in variable outcomes. Despite the disparity in responses among species and physiological rates, 19°C-adapted organisms, in general, performed better than acclimated-only (16°C-adapted organisms incubated at +3°C). However, at 22°C, most species were at the limit of their metabolic equilibrium and were unable to fully adapt. Nevertheless, adaptation to higher temperatures allowed strains to maintain physiological activities when exposed to sudden increases in temperature (up to 25°C). In summary, adaptation to temperature seems to confer a selective advantage to protistan grazers within a narrow range (i.e., ca. 3°C). Adaptation to much higher increases of temperatures (i.e., +6°C) does not confer any clear physiological advantage (with few exceptions; e.g., the mixotroph K. armiger), at least within the time frame of our experiments.
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Host Dependence of Zooplankton-Associated Microbes and Their Ecological Implications in Freshwater Lakes. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13212949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zooplankton is colonized by quite different microbes compared with free-living and particle-associated bacteria, serving as a non-negligible niche of bacteria in aquatic ecosystems. Yet detailed analysis of these bacterial groups is still less known, especially in freshwater lakes. To widen our knowledge of host-microbe interaction and bacterial ecosystem functions, we chose two specific populations of zooplankton, i.e., cladoceran Moina and copepod Calanoids, as hosts from five natural lakes, and illustrated detailed features of their associated bacteria. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we found microbes colonized on Calanoids presented significantly higher α-diversity, stronger bacterial interaction and metabolic function potentials than for Moina. It was also notable that zooplankton-associated bacteria showed a high potential of fatty acid metabolism, which is beneficial for host’s development. Moreover, we found that zooplankton-associated microbes may exert profound effects on biogeochemical cycles in freshwater lakes, since several bacterial members able to participate in carbon and nitrogen cycles were found abundant. Overall, our study expands current understanding of the host-microbe interaction and underlying ecological dynamics in freshwater ecosystem.
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Kazama T, Urabe J, Yamamichi M, Tokita K, Yin X, Katano I, Doi H, Yoshida T, Hairston NG. A unified framework for herbivore-to-producer biomass ratio reveals the relative influence of four ecological factors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:49. [PMID: 33420411 PMCID: PMC7794211 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomass ratio of herbivores to primary producers reflects the structure of a community. Four primary factors have been proposed to affect this ratio, including production rate, defense traits and nutrient contents of producers, and predation by carnivores. However, identifying the joint effects of these factors across natural communities has been elusive, in part because of the lack of a framework for examining their effects simultaneously. Here, we develop a framework based on Lotka–Volterra equations for examining the effects of these factors on the biomass ratio. We then utilize it to test if these factors simultaneously affect the biomass ratio of freshwater plankton communities. We found that all four factors contributed significantly to the biomass ratio, with carnivore abundance having the greatest effect, followed by producer stoichiometric nutrient content. Thus, the present framework should be useful for examining the multiple factors shaping various types of communities, both aquatic and terrestrial. Takehiro Kazama et al. develop a framework based on Lotka–Volterra models to identify the relative influences of production rate, defense traits, nutrient contents of producers, and predation, in affecting the biomass ratio of herbivores to primary producers in a community. They apply this framework to freshwater plankton systems and find that while all factors affect the biomass ratio, carnivore abundance has the greatest relative influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Kazama
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.,Lake Biwa Branch Office, Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 5-34 Yanagasaki, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0022, Japan
| | - Jotaro Urabe
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Masato Yamamichi
- Department of General Systems Studies, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kotaro Tokita
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Xuwang Yin
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Hydrobiology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Izumi Katano
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Kitanoya-nishimachi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan.,KYOUSEI Science Center for Life and Nature, Nara Women's University, Kitanoya-nishimachi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Doi
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, 7-1-28 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takehito Yoshida
- Department of General Systems Studies, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.,Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8047, Japan
| | - Nelson G Hairston
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Ruiz T, Koussoroplis A, Danger M, Aguer J, Morel‐Desrosiers N, Bec A. U‐shaped response Unifies views on temperature dependency of stoichiometric requirements. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:860-869. [PMID: 32212238 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ruiz
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS LMGE Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
| | | | | | - Jean‐Pierre Aguer
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS LMGE Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
| | | | - Alexandre Bec
- Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS LMGE Clermont‐Ferrand F‐63000 France
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Faithfull C, Goetze E. Copepod nauplii use phosphorus from bacteria, creating a short circuit in the microbial loop. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1462-1471. [PMID: 31270952 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In subtropical oceans phytoplankton carbon: phosphorus (C : P) ratios are high, and these ratios are predicted to increase further with rising ocean temperatures and stratification. Prey stoichiometry may pose a problem for copepod zooplankton nauplii, which have high phosphorus demands due to rapid growth. We hypothesised that nauplii meet this demand by consuming bacteria. Naupliar bacterial and phytoplankton carbon and phosphorus ingestion, assimilation and incorporation were traced using 33 P and 14 C radioisotopes. Bacterial carbon was incorporated four times less efficiently into biomass than phytoplankton carbon. In contrast, bacterial and phytoplankton phosphorus were incorporated at similar efficiencies, and bacteria could meet a substantial amount of naupliar phosphorus requirements. As parts of the ocean become more oligotrophic, bacteria could help sustain naupliar growth and survival under suboptimal stoichiometric conditions. Thus, nauplii may be a shortcut for phosphorus from the microbial loop to the classical food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Faithfull
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Erica Goetze
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
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