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Reproductive biology and population structure of the endangered shrub Grevillea bedggoodiana (Proteaceae). CONSERV GENET 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-022-01480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNarrowly endemic species are particularly vulnerable to catastrophic events. Compared to widespread species, they may also be less capable of adapting to shifts in environmental pressures as a result of specialisation on a narrow range of local condition and limited ability to disperse. However, life-history traits, such as preferential outcrossing and high fecundity can maintain genetic diversity and evolutionary potential, and boost species resilience. The endangered Grevillea bedggoodiana (Enfield Grevillea) is an understorey shrub restricted to an area of ca. 150 km2 in south-eastern Australia with a legacy of large-scale anthropogenic disturbance. Prior to this study little was known about its biology and population structure. Here, its breeding system was assessed through a controlled pollination experiment at one of its central populations, and eight populations were sampled for genetic analysis with microsatellite markers. The species was found to be preferentially outcrossing, with no evidence of pollination limitation. In most populations, allelic richness, observed heterozygosity and gene diversity were high (Ar: 3.8–6.3; Ho: 0.45–0.65, He: 0.60 − 0.75). However, the inbreeding coefficients were significant in at least four populations, ranging from Fi -0.061 to 0.259 despite high outcrossing rates. Estimated reproductive rates varied among sampled populations but were independent of gene diversity and inbreeding. Despite its small geographic range, the species’ populations showed moderate differentiation (AMOVA: FST = 0.123), which was largely attributable to isolation by distance. We interpret these results as suggesting that G. bedggoodiana is reproductively healthy and has maintained high levels of genetic diversity despite recent disturbance.
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Höfner J, Klein‐Raufhake T, Lampei C, Mudrak O, Bucharova A, Durka W. Populations restored using regional seed are genetically diverse and similar to natural populations in the region. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Höfner
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF) Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research‐UFZ Halle Germany
| | | | - Christian Lampei
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Ondrej Mudrak
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences Třeboň Czech Republic
| | - Anna Bucharova
- Institute of Landscape Ecology University of Münster Münster Germany
- Department of Biology Philipps‐University Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF) Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research‐UFZ Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
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Ritchie AL, Elliott CP, Sinclair EA, Krauss SL. Restored and remnant Banksia woodlands elicit different foraging behavior in avian pollinators. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11774-11785. [PMID: 34522340 PMCID: PMC8427588 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollinators and the pollination services they provide are critical for seed set and self-sustainability of most flowering plants. Despite this, pollinators are rarely assessed in restored plant communities, where their services are largely assumed to re-establish. Bird-pollinator richness, foraging, and interaction behavior were compared between natural and restored Banksia woodland sites in Western Australia to assess their re-establishment in restored sites. These parameters were measured for natural communities of varying size and degree of fragmentation, and restored plant communities of high and low complexity for three years, in the summer and winter flowering of Banksia attenuata and B. menziesii, respectively. Bird visitor communities varied in composition, richness, foraging movement distances, and aggression among sites. Bird richness and abundance were lowest in fragmented remnants. Differences in the composition were associated with the size and degree of fragmentation in natural sites, but this did not differ between seasons. Restored sites and their adjacent natural sites had similar species composition, suggesting proximity supports pollinator re-establishment. Pollinator foraging movements were influenced by the territorial behavior of different species. Using a network analysis approach, we found foraging behavior varied, with more frequent aggressive chases observed in restored sites, resulting in more movements out of the survey areas, than observed in natural sites. Aggressors were larger-bodied Western Wattlebirds (Anthochaera chrysoptera) and New Holland Honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae) that dominated nectar resources, particularly in winter. Restored sites had re-established pollination services, albeit with clear differences, as the degree of variability in the composition and behavior of bird pollinators for Banksias in the natural sites created a broad completion target against which restored sites were assessed. The abundance, diversity, and behavior of pollinator services to remnant and restored Banksia woodland sites were impacted by the size and degree of fragmentation, which in turn influenced bird-pollinator composition, and were further influenced by seasonal changes between summer and winter. Consideration of the spatial and temporal landscape context of restored sites, along with plant community diversity, is needed to ensure the maintenance of the effective movement of pollinators between natural remnant woodlands and restored sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L. Ritchie
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings Park and Botanic GardenKings ParkWAAustralia
| | - Carole P. Elliott
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings Park and Botanic GardenKings ParkWAAustralia
| | - Elizabeth A. Sinclair
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings Park and Botanic GardenKings ParkWAAustralia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings Park and Botanic GardenKings ParkWAAustralia
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Monks L, Standish R, McArthur S, Dillon R, Byrne M, Coates D. Genetic and mating system assessment of translocation success of the long‐lived perennial shrub
Lambertia orbifolia
(Proteaceae). Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Monks
- Biodiversity Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley WA 6983 Australia
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences Murdoch University 90 South Street, Murdoch WA 6150 Australia
| | - Rachel Standish
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences Murdoch University 90 South Street, Murdoch WA 6150 Australia
| | - Shelley McArthur
- Biodiversity Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley WA 6983 Australia
| | - Rebecca Dillon
- Biodiversity Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley WA 6983 Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley WA 6983 Australia
| | - David Coates
- Biodiversity Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley WA 6983 Australia
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Unexpectedly low paternal diversity is associated with infrequent pollinator visitation for a bird-pollinated plant. Oecologia 2021; 196:937-950. [PMID: 33870456 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The behaviour of pollinators has important consequences for plant mating. Nectar-feeding birds often display behaviour that results in more pollen carryover than insect pollinators, which is predicted to result in frequent outcrossing and high paternal diversity for bird-pollinated plants. We tested this prediction by quantifying mating system parameters and bird visitation in three populations of an understory bird-pollinated herb, Anigozanthos humilis (Haemodoraceae). Microsatellite markers were used to genotype 131 adult plants, and 211 seeds from 23 maternal plants, from three populations. While outcrossing rates were high, estimates of paternal diversity were surprisingly low compared with other bird-pollinated plants. Despite nectar-feeding birds being common at the study sites, visits to A. humilis flowers were infrequent (62 visits over 21,552 recording hours from motion-triggered cameras, or equivalent to one visit per flower every 10 days), and the majority (76%) were by a single species, the western spinebill Acanthorhynchus superciliosus (Meliphagidae). Pollen counts from 30 captured honeyeaters revealed that A. humilis comprised just 0.3% of the total pollen load. For 10 western spinebills, A. humilis pollen comprised only 4.1% of the pollen load, which equated to an average of 3.9 A. humilis pollen grains per bird. Taken together, our findings suggest that low visitation rates and low pollen loads of floral visitors have led to the low paternal diversity observed in this understory bird-pollinated herb. As such, we shed new light on the conditions that can lead to departures from high paternal diversity for plants competing for the pollination services of generalist nectar-feeding birds.
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Managing Genetic Diversity and Representation in Banksia marginata (Proteaceae) Seed Production Areas Used for Conservation and Restoration. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Landscape degradation is a major threat to global biodiversity that is being further exacerbated by climate change. Halting or reversing biodiversity decline using seed-based restoration requires tons of seed, most of which is sourced from wild populations. However, in regions where restoration is most urgent, wild seed sources are often fragmented, declining and producing seed with low genetic diversity. Seed production areas (SPAs) can help to reduce the burden of collecting native seed from remnant vegetation, improve genetic diversity in managed seed crops and contribute to species conservation. Banksia marginata (Proteaceae) is a key restoration species in south-eastern Australia but is highly fragmented and declining across much of its range. We evaluated genetic diversity, population genetic structure and relatedness in two B. marginata SPAs and the wild populations from which the SPA germplasm was sourced. We found high levels of relatedness within most remnants and that the population genetic structure was best described by three groups of trees. We suggest that SPAs are likely to be important to meet future native seed demand but that best practice protocols are required to assist land managers design and manage these resources including genetic analyses to guide the selection of germplasm.
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Miller AD, Nitschke C, Weeks AR, Weatherly WL, Heyes SD, Sinclair SJ, Holland OJ, Stevenson A, Broadhurst L, Hoebee SE, Sherman CDH, Morgan JW. Genetic data and climate niche suitability models highlight the vulnerability of a functionally important plant species from south-eastern Australia. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2014-2029. [PMID: 32908601 PMCID: PMC7463319 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation imperils the persistence of many functionally important species, with climate change a new threat to local persistence due to climate niche mismatching. Predicting the evolutionary trajectory of species essential to ecosystem function under future climates is challenging but necessary for prioritizing conservation investments. We use a combination of population genetics and niche suitability models to assess the trajectory of a functionally important, but highly fragmented, plant species from south-eastern Australia (Banksia marginata, Proteaceae). We demonstrate significant genetic structuring among, and high level of relatedness within, fragmented remnant populations, highlighting imminent risks of inbreeding. Population simulations, controlling for effective population size (N e), suggest that many remnant populations will suffer rapid declines in genetic diversity due to drift in the absence of intervention. Simulations were used to demonstrate how inbreeding and drift processes might be suppressed by assisted migration and population mixing approaches that enhance the size and connectivity of remnant populations. These analyses were complemented by niche suitability models that predicted substantial reductions of suitable habitat by 2080; ~30% of the current distribution of the species climate niche overlaps with the projected distribution of the species climate niche in the geographic region by the 2080s. Our study highlights the importance of conserving remnant populations and establishing new populations in areas likely to support B. marginata in the future, and adopting seed sourcing strategies that can help populations overcome the risks of inbreeding and maladaptation. We also argue that ecological replacement of B. marginata using climatically suited plant species might be needed in the future to maintain ecosystem processes where B. marginata cannot persist. We recommend the need for progressive revegetation policies and practices to prevent further deterioration of species such as B. marginata and the ecosystems they support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Miller
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVicAustralia
- Deakin Genomics CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVicAustralia
| | - Craig Nitschke
- School of Ecosystem and Forest SciencesThe University of MelbourneRichmondVicAustralia
| | - Andrew R. Weeks
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | | | - Simon D. Heyes
- Department of Ecology, Environment and EvolutionLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVicAustralia
| | - Steve J. Sinclair
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and PlanningArthur Rylah InstituteHeidelbergVicAustralia
| | - Owen J. Holland
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVicAustralia
- Deakin Genomics CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVicAustralia
| | - Aggie Stevenson
- Glenelg Hopkins Catchment Management AuthorityHamiltonVicAustralia
| | - Linda Broadhurst
- Centre for Australian National Biodiversity ResearchCSIRO National Research CollectionsCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Susan E. Hoebee
- Department of Ecology, Environment and EvolutionLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVicAustralia
| | - Craig D. H. Sherman
- Centre for Integrative EcologySchool of Life and Environmental SciencesDeakin UniversityGeelongVicAustralia
- Deakin Genomics CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVicAustralia
| | - John W. Morgan
- Department of Ecology, Environment and EvolutionLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVicAustralia
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Millar MA, Coates DJ, Byrne M, Krauss SL, Williams MR, Jonson J, Hopper SD. Pollen dispersal, pollen immigration, mating and genetic diversity in restoration of the southern plains Banksia. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEvaluation of patterns of pollen dispersal, mating systems, population fitness, genetic diversity and differentiation in restoration and remnant plant populations can be useful in determining how well restoration activities have achieved their objectives. We used molecular tools to assess how well restoration objectives have been met for populations of Banksia media in the biodiversity hotspot of south-west Western Australia. We characterized patterns of pollen dispersal within, and pollen immigration into, two restoration populations. We compared mating system parameters, population fitness via seed weight, genetic diversity and genetic differentiation for restoration and associated reference remnant populations. Different patterns of pollen dispersal were revealed for two restoration sites that differed in floral display, spatial aggregation of founders and co-planted species. Proximity to remnant native vegetation was associated with enhanced immigration and more short-range pollen dispersal when other population variables were constant. Greater seed weights at remnant compared to restoration populations were not related to outcrossing rate. Equivalent mating system and genetic diversity parameters and low to moderate levels of genetic differentiation between restoration and remnant populations suggest pollinator services have been restored in genetically diverse restoration populations of local provenance B. media as early as four years from planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Millar
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - David J Coates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kattidj Close, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew R Williams
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Justin Jonson
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
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Nevill PG, Robinson TP, Di Virgilio G, Wardell‐Johnson G. Beyond isolation by distance: What best explains functional connectivity among populations of three sympatric plant species in an ancient terrestrial island system? DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gerard Nevill
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Todd P. Robinson
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Giovanni Di Virgilio
- Climate Change Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Grant Wardell‐Johnson
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
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