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Robinson JM, Hodgson R, Krauss SL, Liddicoat C, Malik AA, Martin BC, Mohr JJ, Moreno-Mateos D, Muñoz-Rojas M, Peddle SD, Breed MF. Opportunities and challenges for microbiomics in ecosystem restoration. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:1189-1202. [PMID: 37648570 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Microbiomics is the science of characterizing microbial community structure, function, and dynamics. It has great potential to advance our understanding of plant-soil-microbe processes and interaction networks which can be applied to improve ecosystem restoration. However, microbiomics may be perceived as complex and the technology is not accessible to all. The opportunities of microbiomics in restoration ecology are considerable, but so are the practical challenges. Applying microbiomics in restoration must move beyond compositional assessments to incorporate tools to study the complexity of ecosystem recovery. Advances in metaomic tools provide unprecedented possibilities to aid restoration interventions. Moreover, complementary non-omic applications, such as microbial inoculants and biopriming, have the potential to improve restoration objectives by enhancing the establishment and health of vegetation communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M Robinson
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; The Aerobiome Innovation & Research Hub, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Riley Hodgson
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions, Fraser Avenue, Kings Park, WA 6005, Australia; Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Craig Liddicoat
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ashish A Malik
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Belinda C Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Ooid Scientific, North Lake, WA 6162, Australia
| | - Jakki J Mohr
- College of Business, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - David Moreno-Mateos
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford OX1 3QY, UK; Department of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Design, Harvard University, Quincy Street. Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Basque Center for Climate Change - BC3, Ikerbasque Foundation for Science. Edificio Sede 1, Parque Cientifico UPV, 04940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Miriam Muñoz-Rojas
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal y Ecologia. Universidad de Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain; Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shawn D Peddle
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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2
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Sinclair EA, Hovey RK, Krauss SL, Anthony JM, Waycott M, Kendrick GA. Historic and contemporary biogeographic perspectives on range-wide spatial genetic structure in a widespread seagrass. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9900. [PMID: 36950371 PMCID: PMC10025079 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Historical and contemporary processes drive spatial patterns of genetic diversity. These include climate-driven range shifts and gene flow mediated by biogeographical influences on dispersal. Assessments that integrate these drivers are uncommon, but critical for testing biogeographic hypotheses. Here, we characterize intraspecific genetic diversity and spatial structure across the entire distribution of a temperate seagrass to test marine biogeographic concepts for southern Australia. Predictive modeling was used to contrast the current Posidonia australis distribution to its historical distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Spatial genetic structure was estimated for 44 sampled meadows from across the geographical range of the species using nine microsatellite loci. Historical and contemporary distributions were similar, with the exception of the Bass Strait. Genetic clustering was consistent with the three currently recognized biogeographic provinces and largely consistent with the finer-scale IMCRA bioregions. Discrepancies were found within the Flindersian province and southwest IMCRA bioregion, while two regions of admixture coincided with transitional IMCRA bioregions. Clonal diversity was highly variable but positively associated with latitude. Genetic differentiation among meadows was significantly associated with oceanographic distance. Our approach suggests how shared seascape drivers have influenced the capacity of P. australis to effectively track sea level changes associated with natural climate cycles over millennia, and in particular, the recolonization of meadows across the Continental Shelf following the LGM. Genetic structure associated with IMCRA bioregions reflects the presence of stable biogeographic barriers, such as oceanic upwellings. This study highlights the importance of biogeography to infer the role of historical drivers in shaping extant diversity and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Sinclair
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and AttractionsKings ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Renae K. Hovey
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and AttractionsKings ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Janet M. Anthony
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and AttractionsKings ParkWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Michelle Waycott
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Adelaide and State Herbarium of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Gary A. Kendrick
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
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3
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Edgeloe JM, Severn-Ellis AA, Bayer PE, Mehravi S, Breed MF, Krauss SL, Batley J, Kendrick GA, Sinclair EA. Extensive polyploid clonality was a successful strategy for seagrass to expand into a newly submerged environment. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220538. [PMID: 35642363 PMCID: PMC9156900 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploidy has the potential to allow organisms to outcompete their diploid progenitor(s) and occupy new environments. Shark Bay, Western Australia, is a World Heritage Area dominated by temperate seagrass meadows including Poseidon's ribbon weed, Posidonia australis. This seagrass is at the northern extent of its natural geographic range and experiences extremes in temperature and salinity. Our genomic and cytogenetic assessments of 10 meadows identified geographically restricted, diploid clones (2n = 20) in a single location, and a single widespread, high-heterozygosity, polyploid clone (2n = 40) in all other locations. The polyploid clone spanned at least 180 km, making it the largest known example of a clone in any environment on earth. Whole-genome duplication through polyploidy, combined with clonality, may have provided the mechanism for P. australis to expand into new habitats and adapt to new environments that became increasingly stressful for its diploid progenitor(s). The new polyploid clone probably formed in shallow waters after the inundation of Shark Bay less than 8500 years ago and subsequently expanded via vegetative growth into newly submerged habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M. Edgeloe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia,Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Anita A. Severn-Ellis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Philipp E. Bayer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Shaghayegh Mehravi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Martin F. Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia,Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, 1 Kattidj Close, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Gary A. Kendrick
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia,Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Sinclair
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia,Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia,Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, 1 Kattidj Close, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
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4
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Liddicoat C, Krauss SL, Bissett A, Borrett RJ, Ducki LC, Peddle SD, Bullock P, Dobrowolski MP, Grigg A, Tibbett M, Breed MF. Next generation restoration metrics: Using soil eDNA bacterial community data to measure trajectories towards rehabilitation targets. J Environ Manage 2022; 310:114748. [PMID: 35192978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In post-mining rehabilitation, successful mine closure planning requires specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound (SMART) completion criteria, such as returning ecological communities to match a target level of similarity to reference sites. Soil microbiota are fundamentally linked to the restoration of degraded ecosystems, helping to underpin ecological functions and plant communities. High-throughput sequencing of soil eDNA to characterise these communities offers promise to help monitor and predict ecological progress towards reference states. Here we demonstrate a novel methodology for monitoring and evaluating ecological restoration using three long-term (>25 year) case study post-mining rehabilitation soil eDNA-based bacterial community datasets. Specifically, we developed rehabilitation trajectory assessments based on similarity to reference data from restoration chronosequence datasets. Recognising that numerous alternative options for microbiota data processing have potential to influence these assessments, we comprehensively examined the influence of standard versus compositional data analyses, different ecological distance measures, sequence grouping approaches, eliminating rare taxa, and the potential for excessive spatial autocorrelation to impact on results. Our approach reduces the complexity of information that often overwhelms ecologically-relevant patterns in microbiota studies, and enables prediction of recovery time, with explicit inclusion of uncertainty in assessments. We offer a step change in the development of quantitative microbiota-based SMART metrics for measuring rehabilitation success. Our approach may also have wider applications where restorative processes facilitate the shift of microbiota towards reference states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Liddicoat
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- Kings Park Science, Western Australia Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Perth, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Ryan J Borrett
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Luisa C Ducki
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Shawn D Peddle
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Mark P Dobrowolski
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Iluka Resources Limited, Perth, Australia; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Mark Tibbett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Sustainable Land Management & Soil Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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5
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Peddle SD, Bissett A, Borrett RJ, Bullock P, Gardner MG, Liddicoat C, Tibbett M, Breed MF, Krauss SL. Soil
DNA
chronosequence analysis shows bacterial community re‐assembly following post‐mining forest rehabilitation. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn D. Peddle
- College of Science and Engineering Flinders University Bedford Park SA Australia
| | | | - Ryan J. Borrett
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch WA Australia
| | | | - Michael G. Gardner
- College of Science and Engineering Flinders University Bedford Park SA Australia
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Craig Liddicoat
- College of Science and Engineering Flinders University Bedford Park SA Australia
- School of Public Health The University of Adelaide Adelaide Australia
| | - Mark Tibbett
- Department of Sustainable Land Management & Soil Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development University of Reading Berkshire United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Martin F. Breed
- College of Science and Engineering Flinders University Bedford Park SA Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Perth WA Australia
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
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6
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Fernandes RE, Millar MA, Coates DJ, Byrne M, Krauss SL, Williams M, Hopper SD. Plant mating system dynamics in restoration: a comparison of restoration and remnant populations of
Hakea laurina
(Proteaceae). Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rianne E Fernandes
- Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Faculty of Nature sciences, Math and Information Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam
| | - Melissa A Millar
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley Perth WA 6983 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - David J Coates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley Perth WA 6983 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley Perth WA 6983 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley Perth WA 6009 Australia
- Kings Park Science, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity onservation and Attractions, Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005 Australia
| | - Matthew Williams
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley Perth WA 6983 Australia
| | - Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management School of Agriculture and the Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Terrace Albany WA 6330 Australia
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7
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Ritchie AL, Elliott CP, Sinclair EA, Krauss SL. Restored and remnant Banksia woodlands elicit different foraging behavior in avian pollinators. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:11774-11785. [PMID: 34522340 PMCID: PMC8427588 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollinators and the pollination services they provide are critical for seed set and self-sustainability of most flowering plants. Despite this, pollinators are rarely assessed in restored plant communities, where their services are largely assumed to re-establish. Bird-pollinator richness, foraging, and interaction behavior were compared between natural and restored Banksia woodland sites in Western Australia to assess their re-establishment in restored sites. These parameters were measured for natural communities of varying size and degree of fragmentation, and restored plant communities of high and low complexity for three years, in the summer and winter flowering of Banksia attenuata and B. menziesii, respectively. Bird visitor communities varied in composition, richness, foraging movement distances, and aggression among sites. Bird richness and abundance were lowest in fragmented remnants. Differences in the composition were associated with the size and degree of fragmentation in natural sites, but this did not differ between seasons. Restored sites and their adjacent natural sites had similar species composition, suggesting proximity supports pollinator re-establishment. Pollinator foraging movements were influenced by the territorial behavior of different species. Using a network analysis approach, we found foraging behavior varied, with more frequent aggressive chases observed in restored sites, resulting in more movements out of the survey areas, than observed in natural sites. Aggressors were larger-bodied Western Wattlebirds (Anthochaera chrysoptera) and New Holland Honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae) that dominated nectar resources, particularly in winter. Restored sites had re-established pollination services, albeit with clear differences, as the degree of variability in the composition and behavior of bird pollinators for Banksias in the natural sites created a broad completion target against which restored sites were assessed. The abundance, diversity, and behavior of pollinator services to remnant and restored Banksia woodland sites were impacted by the size and degree of fragmentation, which in turn influenced bird-pollinator composition, and were further influenced by seasonal changes between summer and winter. Consideration of the spatial and temporal landscape context of restored sites, along with plant community diversity, is needed to ensure the maintenance of the effective movement of pollinators between natural remnant woodlands and restored sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L. Ritchie
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings Park and Botanic GardenKings ParkWAAustralia
| | - Carole P. Elliott
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings Park and Botanic GardenKings ParkWAAustralia
| | - Elizabeth A. Sinclair
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings Park and Botanic GardenKings ParkWAAustralia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
- Kings Park ScienceDepartment of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings Park and Botanic GardenKings ParkWAAustralia
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8
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Millar MA, Coates DJ, Byrne M, Krauss SL, Jonson J, Hopper SD. Evaluating restoration outcomes through assessment of pollen dispersal, mating system, and genetic diversity. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Millar
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre Bentley WA 6983 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - David J. Coates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre Bentley WA 6983 Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre Bentley WA 6983 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Kattidj Close, Kings Park, WA 6005 Australia
| | - Justin Jonson
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and the Environment, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Terrace, Albany WA 6330 Australia
| | - Stephen D. Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and the Environment, The University of Western Australia 35 Stirling Terrace, Albany WA 6330 Australia
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9
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Thomas WJW, Anthony JM, Dobrowolski MP, Krauss SL. Optimising the conservation of genetic diversity of the last remaining population of a critically endangered shrub. AoB Plants 2021; 13:plab005. [PMID: 33613937 PMCID: PMC7885199 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of genetic diversity and the population genetic processes that impact future population viability is vital for the management and recovery of declining populations of threatened species. Styphelia longissima (Ericaceae) is a critically endangered shrub, restricted to a single fragmented population near Eneabba, 250 km north of Perth, Western Australia. For this population, we sought to characterize population genetic variation and its spatial structure, and aspects of the mating portfolio, from which strategies that optimize the conservation of this diversity are identified. A comprehensive survey was carried out and 220 adults, and 106 seedlings from 14 maternal plants, were genotyped using 13 microsatellite markers. Levels of genetic variation and its spatial structure were assessed, and mating system parameters were estimated. Paternity was assigned to the offspring of a subsection of plants, which allowed for the calculation of realized pollen dispersal. Allelic richness and levels of expected heterozygosity were higher than predicted for a small isolated population. Spatial autocorrelation analysis identified fine-scale genetic structure at a scale of 20 m, but no genetic structure was found at larger scales. Mean outcrossing rate (t m = 0.66) reflects self-compatibility and a mixed-mating system. Multiple paternity was low, where 61 % of maternal siblings shared the same sire. Realized pollen dispersal was highly restricted, with 95 % of outcrossing events occurring at 7 m or less, and a mean pollen dispersal distance of 3.8 m. Nearest-neighbour matings were common (55 % of all outcross events), and 97 % of mating events were between the three nearest-neighbours. This study has provided critical baseline data on genetic diversity, mating system and pollen dispersal for future monitoring of S. longissima. Broadly applicable conservation strategies such as implementing a genetic monitoring plan, diluting spatial genetic structure in the natural population, genetically optimizing ex situ collections and incorporating genetic knowledge into translocations will help to manage the future erosion of the high genetic variation detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J W Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, WA, Australia
| | - Janet M Anthony
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, WA, Australia
| | - Mark P Dobrowolski
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Iluka Resources Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kings Park, WA, Australia
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10
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Millar MA, Coates DJ, Byrne M, Krauss SL, Williams MR, Jonson J, Hopper SD. Pollen dispersal, pollen immigration, mating and genetic diversity in restoration of the southern plains Banksia. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEvaluation of patterns of pollen dispersal, mating systems, population fitness, genetic diversity and differentiation in restoration and remnant plant populations can be useful in determining how well restoration activities have achieved their objectives. We used molecular tools to assess how well restoration objectives have been met for populations of Banksia media in the biodiversity hotspot of south-west Western Australia. We characterized patterns of pollen dispersal within, and pollen immigration into, two restoration populations. We compared mating system parameters, population fitness via seed weight, genetic diversity and genetic differentiation for restoration and associated reference remnant populations. Different patterns of pollen dispersal were revealed for two restoration sites that differed in floral display, spatial aggregation of founders and co-planted species. Proximity to remnant native vegetation was associated with enhanced immigration and more short-range pollen dispersal when other population variables were constant. Greater seed weights at remnant compared to restoration populations were not related to outcrossing rate. Equivalent mating system and genetic diversity parameters and low to moderate levels of genetic differentiation between restoration and remnant populations suggest pollinator services have been restored in genetically diverse restoration populations of local provenance B. media as early as four years from planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Millar
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - David J Coates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kattidj Close, WA, Australia
| | - Matthew R Williams
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Bentley Delivery Centre, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Justin Jonson
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
| | - Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
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11
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Millar MA, Coates DJ, Byrne M, Krauss SL, Jonson J, Hopper SD. Assessment of genetic diversity and mating system of
Acacia cyclops
restoration and remnant populations. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Millar
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and AttractionsBiodiversity and Conservation Science, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre Bentley WA 6983 Australia
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - David J. Coates
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and AttractionsBiodiversity and Conservation Science, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre Bentley WA 6983 Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and AttractionsBiodiversity and Conservation Science, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre Bentley WA 6983 Australia
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and AttractionsKings Park Science, Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005 Australia
| | - Justin Jonson
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western Australia, 1 Foreshore House Albany WA 6330 Australia
| | - Stephen D. Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource ManagementThe University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Terrace Albany WA 6330 Australia
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12
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Millar MA, Anthony JM, Coates DJ, Byrne M, Krauss SL, Williams MR, Hopper SD. Genetic Diversity, Mating System, and Reproductive Output of Restored Melaleuca acuminata Populations are Comparable to Natural Remnant Populations. ECOL RESTOR 2019. [DOI: 10.3368/er.37.4.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Ayre BM, Roberts DG, Phillips RD, Hopper SD, Krauss SL. Near-neighbour optimal outcrossing in the bird-pollinated Anigozanthos manglesii. Ann Bot 2019; 124:423-436. [PMID: 31115446 PMCID: PMC6798840 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In plants, the spatial and genetic distance between mates can influence reproductive success and offspring fitness. Negative fitness consequences associated with the extremes of inbreeding and outbreeding suggest that there will be an intermediate optimal outcrossing distance (OOD), the scale and drivers of which remain poorly understood. In the bird-pollinated Anigozanthos manglesii (Haemodoraceae) we tested (1) for the presence of within-population OOD, (2) over what scale it occurs, and (3) for OOD under biologically realistic scenarios of multi-donor deposition associated with pollination by nectar-feeding birds. METHODS We measured the impact of mate distance (spatial and genetic) on seed set, fruit size, seed mass, seed viability and germination success following hand pollination from (1) single donors across 0 m (self), <1 m, 1-3 m, 7-15 m and 50 m, and (2) a mix of eight donors. Microsatellite loci were used to quantify spatial genetic structure and test for the presence of an OOD by paternity assignment after multi-donor deposition. KEY RESULTS Inter-mate distance had a significant impact on single-donor reproductive success, with selfed and nearest-neighbour (<1 m) pollination resulting in only ~50 seeds per fruit, lower overall germination success and slower germination. Seed set was greatest for inter-mate distance of 1-3 m (148 seeds per fruit), thereafter plateauing at ~100 seeds per fruit. Lower seed set following nearest-neighbour mating was associated with significant spatial genetic autocorrelation at this scale. Paternal success following pollination with multiple sires showed a significantly negative association with increasing distance between mates. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, single- and multi-donor pollinations indicated evidence for a near-neighbour OOD within A. manglesii. A survey of the literature suggests that within-population OOD may be more characteristic of plants pollinated by birds than those pollinated by insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Ayre
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David G Roberts
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
| | - Ryan D Phillips
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Stephen D Hopper
- Centre for Excellence in Natural Resource Management, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Albany, WA, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, Australia
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14
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Bezemer N, Krauss SL, Roberts DG, Hopper SD. Conservation of old individual trees and small populations is integral to maintain species' genetic diversity of a historically fragmented woody perennial. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3339-3357. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bezemer
- School of Agriculture and Environment Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management The University of Western Australia Albany WA Australia
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science West Perth WA Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science West Perth WA Australia
- Biological Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - David G. Roberts
- School of Agriculture and Environment Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management The University of Western Australia Albany WA Australia
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions Kings Park Science West Perth WA Australia
| | - Stephen D. Hopper
- School of Agriculture and Environment Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management The University of Western Australia Albany WA Australia
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15
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Anderson BM, Thiele KR, Grierson PF, Krauss SL, Nevill PG, Small ID, Zhong X, Barrett MD. Recent range expansion in Australian hummock grasses ( Triodia) inferred using genotyping-by-sequencing. AoB Plants 2019; 11:plz017. [PMID: 31037212 PMCID: PMC6481909 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Australian arid zone (AAZ) has undergone aridification and the formation of vast sandy deserts since the mid-Miocene. Studies on AAZ organisms, particularly animals, have shown patterns of mesic ancestry, persistence in rocky refugia and range expansions in arid lineages. There has been limited molecular investigation of plants in the AAZ, particularly of taxa that arrived in Australia after the onset of aridification. Here we investigate populations of the widespread AAZ grass Triodia basedowii to determine whether there is evidence for a recent range expansion, and if so, its source and direction. We also undertake a dating analysis for the species complex to which T. basedowii belongs, in order to place its diversification in relation to changes in AAZ climate and landscapes. We analyse a genomic single nucleotide polymorphism data set from 17 populations of T. basedowii in a recently developed approach for detecting the signal and likely origin of a range expansion. We also use alignments from existing and newly sequenced plastomes from across Poaceae for analysis in BEAST to construct fossil-calibrated phylogenies. Across a range of sampling parameters and outgroups, we detected a consistent signal of westward expansion for T. basedowii, originating in central or eastern Australia. Divergence time estimation indicates that Triodia began to diversify in the late Miocene (crown 7.0-8.8 million years (Ma)), and the T. basedowii complex began to radiate during the Pleistocene (crown 1.4-2.0 Ma). This evidence for range expansion in an arid-adapted plant is consistent with similar patterns in AAZ animals and likely reflects a general response to the opening of new habitat during aridification. Radiation of the T. basedowii complex through the Pleistocene has been associated with preferences for different substrates, providing an explanation why only one lineage is widespread across sandy deserts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Anderson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin R Thiele
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pauline F Grierson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul G Nevill
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Mine Site Restoration, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ian D Small
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xiao Zhong
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew D Barrett
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Sinclair EA, Ruiz‐Montoya L, Krauss SL, Anthony JM, Hovey RK, Lowe RJ, Kendrick GA. Seeds in motion: Genetic assignment and hydrodynamic models demonstrate concordant patterns of seagrass dispersal. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:5019-5034. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Sinclair
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions West Perth Western Australia Australia
- Oceans Institute University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Leonardo Ruiz‐Montoya
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- Oceans Institute University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions West Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Janet M. Anthony
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation, and Attractions West Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Renae K. Hovey
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- Oceans Institute University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Ryan J. Lowe
- Oceans Institute University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Gary A. Kendrick
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
- Oceans Institute University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
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17
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Byrne M, Krauss SL, Millar MA, Elliott CP, Coates DJ, Yates C, Binks RM, Nevill P, Nistelberger H, Wardell-Johnson G, Robinson T, Butcher R, Barrett M, Gibson N. Persistence and stochasticity are key determinants of genetic diversity in plants associated with banded iron formation inselbergs. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:753-772. [PMID: 30479069 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The high species endemism characteristic of many of the world's terrestrial island systems provides a model for studying evolutionary patterns and processes, yet there has been no synthesis of studies to provide a systematic evaluation of terrestrial island systems in this context. The banded iron formations (BIFs) of south-western Australia are ancient terrestrial island formations occurring within a mosaic of alluvial clay soils, sandplains and occasional granite outcropping, across an old, gently undulating, highly weathered, plateau. Notably, these BIFs display exceptionally high beta plant diversity. Here, we address the determinants and consequences of genetic diversity for BIF-associated plant species through a comprehensive review of all studies on species distribution modelling, phylogenetics, phylogeography, population genetics, life-history traits and ecology. The taxa studied are predominantly narrowly endemic to individual or a few BIF ranges, but some have more regional distributions occurring both on and off BIFs. We compared genetic data for these BIF-endemic species to other localised species globally to assess whether the unique history and ancestry of BIF landscapes has driven distinct genetic responses in plants restricted to this habitat. We also assessed the influence of life-history parameters on patterns of genetic diversity. We found that BIF-endemic species display similar patterns of genetic diversity and structure to other species with localised distributions. Despite often highly restricted distributions, large effective population size or clonal reproduction appears to provide these BIF-endemic species with ecological and evolutionary resilience to environmental stochasticity. We conclude that persistence and stochasticity are key determinants of genetic diversity and its spatial structure within BIF-associated plant species, and that these are key evolutionary processes that should be considered in understanding the biogeography of inselbergs worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Byrne
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, 2 Kattidj Close, Kings Park, Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
| | - Melissa A Millar
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia
| | - Carole P Elliott
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, 2 Kattidj Close, Kings Park, Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
| | - David J Coates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia
| | - Colin Yates
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia
| | - Rachel M Binks
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia
| | - Paul Nevill
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Heidi Nistelberger
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Grant Wardell-Johnson
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Todd Robinson
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Ryonen Butcher
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia
| | - Matthew Barrett
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, 2 Kattidj Close, Kings Park, Perth, WA, 6005, Australia
| | - Neil Gibson
- Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, Perth, WA, 6983, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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18
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Krauss SL, Roberts DG, Phillips RD, Edwards C. Effectiveness of camera traps for quantifying daytime and nighttime visitation by vertebrate pollinators. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9304-9314. [PMID: 30377502 PMCID: PMC6194244 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of pollen vectors is a fundamental objective of pollination biology. The foraging and social behavior of these pollinators has profound effects on plant mating, making quantification of their behavior critical for understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of different pollinators for the plants they visit. However, accurate quantification of visitation may be problematic, especially for shy animals and/or when the temporal and spatial scale of observation desired is large. Sophisticated heat- and movement-triggered motion-sensor cameras ("camera trapping") provide new, underutilized tools to address these challenges. However, to date, there has been no rigorous evaluation of the sampling considerations needed for using camera trapping in pollination research.We measured the effectiveness of camera trapping for identifying vertebrate visitors and quantifying their visitation rates and foraging behavior on Banksia menziesii (Proteaceae). Multiple still cameras (Reconyx HC 500) and a video camera (Little Acorn LTL5210A) were deployed.From 2,753 recorded visits by vertebrates, we identified five species of nectarivorous honeyeater (Meliphagidae) and the honey possum (Tarsipedidae), with significant variation in the species composition of visitors among inflorescences. Species of floral visitor showed significant variation in their time of peak activity, duration of visits, and numbers of flowers probed per visit. Where multiple cameras were deployed on individual inflorescences, effectiveness of individual still cameras varied from 15% to 86% of all recorded visits. Methodological issues and solutions, and the future uses of camera traps in pollination biology, are discussed. Conclusions and wider implications: Motion-triggered cameras are promising tools for the quantification of vertebrate visitation and some aspects of behavior on flowers. However, researchers need to be mindful of the variation in effectiveness of individual camera traps in detecting animals. Pollinator studies using camera traps are in their infancy, and the full potential of this developing technology is yet to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried L. Krauss
- Science DirectorateBotanic Garden and Parks AuthorityKings Park and Botanic GardenPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Biological ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - David G. Roberts
- Science DirectorateBotanic Garden and Parks AuthorityKings Park and Botanic GardenPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for Natural Resource ManagementThe University of Western AustraliaAlbanyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ryan D. Phillips
- Science DirectorateBotanic Garden and Parks AuthorityKings Park and Botanic GardenPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Ecology and EvolutionResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
- Department of Ecology, Environment and EvolutionLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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19
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Breed MF, Harrison PA, Bischoff A, Durruty P, Gellie NJC, Gonzales EK, Havens K, Karmann M, Kilkenny FF, Krauss SL, Lowe AJ, Marques P, Nevill PG, Vitt PL, Bucharova A. Priority Actions to Improve Provenance Decision-Making. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Breed
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute at the University of Adelaide, in Australia
| | - Peter A Harrison
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- School of Natural Sciences and the ARC Centre for Forest Values at the University of Tasmania, in Australia
| | - Armin Bischoff
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- University of Avignon, in France
| | - Paula Durruty
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- Instituto Forestal Nacional (INFONA), in San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Nick J C Gellie
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute at the University of Adelaide, in Australia
| | - Emily K Gonzales
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- Ecological Restoration Division at Parks Canada, in Vancouver, British Columbia
| | - Kayri Havens
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- School of Natural Sciences and the ARC Centre for Forest Values at the University of Tasmania, in Australia
| | - Marion Karmann
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- Forest Stewardship Council, in Bonn, Germany
| | - Francis F Kilkenny
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, in Boise, Idaho
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, in West Perth, Western Australia
| | - Andrew J Lowe
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute at the University of Adelaide, in Australia
| | - Pedro Marques
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- Big Hole Watershed Committee, in Divide, Montana
| | - Paul G Nevill
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- Department of Environment and Agriculture at Curtin University, in Australia
| | - Pati L Vitt
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- Chicago Botanic Garden, in Glencoe, Illinois
| | - Anna Bucharova
- All the authors have an interest in the science and practice of seed sourcing and provenance decision-making for restoration
- Department of Plant Evolutionary Ecology at Karl Eberhard University and with the Department of Landscape Ecology and Nature Conservation at Albert Ludwigs University, in Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Hevroy TH, Moody ML, Krauss SL. Population genetic analysis reveals barriers and corridors for gene flow within and among riparian populations of a rare plant. AoB Plants 2018; 10:plx065. [PMID: 29308125 PMCID: PMC5751030 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Landscape features and life-history traits affect gene flow, migration and drift to impact on spatial genetic structure of species. Understanding this is important for managing genetic diversity of threatened species. This study assessed the spatial genetic structure of the rare riparian Grevillea sp. Cooljarloo (Proteaceae), which is restricted to a 20 km2 region impacted by mining in the northern sandplains of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region, an international biodiversity hotspot. Within creek lines and floodplains, the distribution is largely continuous. Models of dispersal within riparian systems were assessed by spatial genetic analyses including population level partitioning of genetic variation and individual Bayesian clustering. High levels of genetic variation and weak isolation by distance within creek line and floodplain populations suggest large effective population sizes and strong connectivity, with little evidence for unidirectional gene flow as might be expected from hydrochory. Regional clustering of creek line populations and strong divergence among creek line populations suggest substantially lower levels of gene flow among creek lines than within creek lines. There was however a surprising amount of genetic admixture in floodplain populations, which could be explained by irregular flooding and/or movements by highly mobile nectar-feeding bird pollinators. Our results highlight that for conservation of rare riparian species, avoiding an impact to hydrodynamic processes, such as water tables and flooding dynamics, may be just as critical as avoiding direct impacts on the number of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya H Hevroy
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael L Moody
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Western Australia, Australia
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21
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Anthony JM, Allcock RJN, Dobrowolski MP, Krauss SL. Isolation and characterization of microsatellite primers for the critically endangered shrub Styphelia longissima (Ericaceae). Appl Plant Sci 2017; 5:apps1700108. [PMID: 29188149 PMCID: PMC5703184 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1700108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite markers were developed for population genetic analysis in the rare shrub Styphelia longissima (Ericaceae). METHODS AND RESULTS We generated ca. 2.5 million sequence reads using a Personal Genome Machine semiconductor sequencer. Using the QDD pipeline, we designed primers for >12,000 sequences with PCR product lengths of 80-480 bp. From these, 30 primer pairs were selected and screened using PCR; of these, 16 loci were found to be polymorphic, four loci were monomorphic, and 10 loci did not amplify reliably for S. longissima. For a sample of 57 plants from the only known population, the number of alleles observed for these 16 loci ranged from two to 21 and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.49 to 0.91. These markers were also amplified in Astroloma xerophyllum, a closely related species. CONCLUSIONS These markers will be used to characterize population genetic variation, spatial genetic structure, mating system parameters, and dispersal to aid in the management and conservation of the rare shrub S. longissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Anthony
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority, Fraser Avenue, West Perth, 6005 Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard J. N. Allcock
- Lotterywest State Biomedical Facility: Genomics, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Mark P. Dobrowolski
- Iluka Resources Limited, Level 23, 140 St. Georges Terrace, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority, Fraser Avenue, West Perth, 6005 Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
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22
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Ayre BM, Anthony JM, Roberts DG, Allcock RJN, Krauss SL. Characterization and transferability of microsatellites for the Kangaroo Paw, Anigozanthos manglesii (Haemodoraceae). Appl Plant Sci 2017; 5:apps1700055. [PMID: 28924516 PMCID: PMC5584820 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1700055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellites were developed for the future assessment of population genetic structure, mating system, and dispersal of the perennial kangaroo paw, Anigozanthos manglesii (Haemodoraceae), and related species. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a Personal Genome Machine (PGM) semiconductor sequencer, ca. 4.03 million sequence reads were generated. QDD pipeline software was used to identify 190,000 microsatellite-containing regions and priming sites. From these, 90 were chosen and screened using PCR, and 15 polymorphic markers identified. These sites amplified di-, tri-, and pentanucleotide repeats with one to 20 alleles per locus. Primers were also amplified across congeners A. bicolor, A. flavidus, A. gabrielae, A. humilis, A. preissii, A. pulcherrimus, A. rufus, and A. viridis to assess cross-species transferability. CONCLUSIONS These markers provide a resource for population genetic studies in A. manglesii and other species within the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M. Ayre
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kattidj Close, Kings Park, Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
| | - Janet M. Anthony
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kattidj Close, Kings Park, Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
| | - David G. Roberts
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kattidj Close, Kings Park, Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
- Centre for Excellence in Natural Resource Management, University of Western Australia, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia
| | - Richard J. N. Allcock
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lotterywest State Biomedical Facility Genomics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine WA, QE Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kattidj Close, Kings Park, Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
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Krauss SL, Phillips RD, Karron JD, Johnson SD, Roberts DG, Hopper SD. Novel Consequences of Bird Pollination for Plant Mating. Trends Plant Sci 2017; 22:395-410. [PMID: 28412035 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollinator behaviour has profound effects on plant mating. Pollinators are predicted to minimise energetic costs during foraging bouts by moving between nearby flowers. However, a review of plant mating system studies reveals a mismatch between behavioural predictions and pollen-mediated gene dispersal in bird-pollinated plants. Paternal diversity of these plants is twice that of plants pollinated solely by insects. Comparison with the behaviour of other pollinator groups suggests that birds promote pollen dispersal through a combination of high mobility, limited grooming, and intra- and interspecies aggression. Future opportunities to test these predictions include seed paternity assignment following pollinator exclusion experiments, single pollen grain genotyping, new tracking technologies for small pollinators, and motion-triggered cameras and ethological experimentation for quantifying pollinator behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried L Krauss
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Fraser Avenue, Kings Park, WA 6005, Australia; School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Ryan D Phillips
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Fraser Avenue, Kings Park, WA 6005, Australia; School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D Karron
- Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 413, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | - Steven D Johnson
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - David G Roberts
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Fraser Avenue, Kings Park, WA 6005, Australia; Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Terrace, Albany, WA 6330, Australia
| | - Stephen D Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Terrace, Albany, WA 6330, Australia
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24
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Anderson BM, Thiele KR, Krauss SL, Barrett MD. Genotyping-by-Sequencing in a Species Complex of Australian Hummock Grasses (Triodia): Methodological Insights and Phylogenetic Resolution. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171053. [PMID: 28135342 PMCID: PMC5279811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing is becoming increasingly accessible to researchers asking biosystematic questions, but current best practice in both choosing a specific approach and effectively analysing the resulting data set is still being explored. We present a case study for the use of genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to resolve relationships in a species complex of Australian arid and semi-arid grasses (Triodia R.Br.), highlighting our solutions to methodological challenges in the use of GBS data. We merged overlapping paired-end reads then optimised locus assembly in the program PyRAD to generate GBS data sets for phylogenetic and distance-based analyses. In addition to traditional concatenation analyses in RAxML, we also demonstrate the novel use of summary species tree analyses (taking gene trees as input) with GBS loci. We found that while species tree analyses were relatively robust to variation in PyRAD assembly parameters, our RAxML analyses resulted in well-supported but conflicting topologies under different assembly settings. Despite this conflict, multiple clades in the complex were consistently supported as distinct across analyses. Our GBS data assembly and analyses improve the resolution of taxa and phylogenetic relationships in the Triodia basedowii complex compared to our previous study based on Sanger sequencing of nuclear (ITS/ETS) and chloroplast (rps16-trnK spacer) markers. The genomic results also partly support previous evidence for hybridization between species in the complex. Our methodological insights for analysing GBS data will assist researchers using similar data to resolve phylogenetic relationships within species complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Anderson
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kevin R. Thiele
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Herbarium, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew D. Barrett
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park, Western Australia, Australia
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Miller BP, Sinclair EA, Menz MHM, Elliott CP, Bunn E, Commander LE, Dalziell E, David E, Davis B, Erickson TE, Golos PJ, Krauss SL, Lewandrowski W, Mayence CE, Merino-Martín L, Merritt DJ, Nevill PG, Phillips RD, Ritchie AL, Ruoss S, Stevens JC. A framework for the practical science necessary to restore sustainable, resilient, and biodiverse ecosystems. Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Ritchie AL, Nevill PG, Sinclair EA, Krauss SL. Does restored plant diversity play a role in the reproductive functionality of
Banksia
populations? Restor Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison L. Ritchie
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Science Directorate, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority Kings Park and Botanic Garden Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005, Australia
| | - Paul G. Nevill
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Science Directorate, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority Kings Park and Botanic Garden Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Sinclair
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Science Directorate, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority Kings Park and Botanic Garden Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences The University of Western Australia Crawley WA 6009 Australia
- Science Directorate, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority Kings Park and Botanic Garden Kattidj Close Kings Park WA 6005, Australia
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27
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Kendrick GA, Orth RJ, Statton J, Hovey R, Ruiz Montoya L, Lowe RJ, Krauss SL, Sinclair EA. Demographic and genetic connectivity: the role and consequences of reproduction, dispersal and recruitment in seagrasses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:921-938. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Kendrick
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Robert J. Orth
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science; College of William and Mary; Gloucester Point VA 23062 U.S.A
| | - John Statton
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Renae Hovey
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Leonardo Ruiz Montoya
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Ryan J. Lowe
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- School of Earth and Environment; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University Townsville; Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; West Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Sinclair
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; West Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia
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28
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Anthony JM, Allcock RJN, Krauss SL. Isolation and characterization of 13 microsatellites for the rare endemic shrub Tetratheca erubescens (Elaeocarpaceae). Appl Plant Sci 2016; 4:apps1500102. [PMID: 26949577 PMCID: PMC4760749 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1500102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite markers were developed for the rare Tetratheca erubescens (Elaeocarpaceae) to assess genetic diversity and spatial structuring. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated ca. 2.7 million sequence reads using a Personal Genome Machine (PGM) semiconductor sequencer. Using the QDD pipeline, we designed primers for >12,000 sequences with PCR product lengths of 80-480 bp. From these, 30 primer pairs were selected and screened using PCR, from which 11 loci were found to be polymorphic and amplified reliably. For a sample of 95 plants from three populations, the number of alleles observed for these 11 loci ranged from two to seven and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.06 to 0.72. No consistent evidence for null alleles or departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found for any of the 11 loci. CONCLUSIONS These markers will enable the quantification of genetic impact of proposed mining activities on the narrow endemic T. erubescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Anthony
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority, Fraser Avenue, West Perth, 6005 Western Australia, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard J. N. Allcock
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lotterywest State Biomedical Facility Genomics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Garden and Parks Authority, Fraser Avenue, West Perth, 6005 Western Australia, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
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29
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Hufford KM, Veneklaas EJ, Lambers H, Krauss SL. Genetic delineation of local provenance defines seed collection zones along a climate gradient. AoB Plants 2016; 8:plv149. [PMID: 26755503 PMCID: PMC4740359 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to re-establish native plant species should consider intraspecific variation if we are to restore genetic diversity and evolutionary potential. Data describing spatial genetic structure and the scale of adaptive differentiation are needed for restoration seed sourcing. Genetically defined provenance zones provide species-specific guidelines for the distance within which seed transfer likely maintains levels of genetic diversity and conserves locally adapted traits. While a growing number of studies incorporate genetic marker data in delineation of local provenance, they often fail to distinguish the impacts of neutral and non-neutral variation. We analysed population genetic structure for 134 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers in Stylidium hispidum (Stylidiaceae) along a north-south transect of the species' range with the goal to estimate the distance at which significant genetic differences occur among source and recipient populations in restoration. In addition, we tested AFLP markers for signatures of selection, and examined the relationship of neutral and putatively selected markers with climate variables. Estimates of population genetic structure revealed significant levels of differentiation (ΦPT = 0.23) and suggested a global provenance distance of 45 km for pairwise comparisons of 16 populations. Of the 134 markers, 13 exhibited evidence of diversifying selection (ΦPT = 0.52). Using data for precipitation and thermal gradients, we compared genetic, geographic and environmental distance for subsets of neutral and selected markers. Strong isolation by distance was detected in all cases, but positive correlations with climate variables were present only for markers with signatures of selection. We address findings in light of defining local provenance in ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Hufford
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Erik J Veneklaas
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
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30
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McMahon K, van Dijk KJ, Ruiz-Montoya L, Kendrick GA, Krauss SL, Waycott M, Verduin J, Lowe R, Statton J, Brown E, Duarte C. The movement ecology of seagrasses. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.0878. [PMID: 25297859 PMCID: PMC4213608 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A movement ecology framework is applied to enhance our understanding of the causes, mechanisms and consequences of movement in seagrasses: marine, clonal, flowering plants. Four life-history stages of seagrasses can move: pollen, sexual propagules, vegetative fragments and the spread of individuals through clonal growth. Movement occurs on the water surface, in the water column, on or in the sediment, via animal vectors and through spreading clones. A capacity for long-distance dispersal and demographic connectivity over multiple timeframes is the novel feature of the movement ecology of seagrasses with significant evolutionary and ecological consequences. The space–time movement footprint of different life-history stages varies. For example, the distance moved by reproductive propagules and vegetative expansion via clonal growth is similar, but the timescales range exponentially, from hours to months or centuries to millennia, respectively. Consequently, environmental factors and key traits that interact to influence movement also operate on vastly different spatial and temporal scales. Six key future research areas have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McMahon
- School of Natural Sciences and Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kor-Jent van Dijk
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia, Australia
| | - Leonardo Ruiz-Montoya
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gary A Kendrick
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, West Perth, 6005 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Waycott
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Ryan Lowe
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Statton
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eloise Brown
- School of Environmental Systems and Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carlos Duarte
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, IMEDA (UIB-CSIC), 07190 Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
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31
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Pascov CM, Nevill PG, Elliott CP, Majer JD, Anthony JM, Krauss SL. The critical role of ants in the extensive dispersal of Acacia seeds revealed by genetic parentage assignment. Oecologia 2015; 179:1123-34. [PMID: 26255273 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ants are prominent seed dispersal agents in many ecosystems, and dispersal distances are small in comparison with vertebrate dispersal agents. However, the distance and distribution of ant-mediated dispersal in arid/semi-arid environments remains poorly explored. We used microsatellite markers and parentage assignment to quantify the distance and distribution of dispersed seeds of Acacia karina, retrieved from the middens of Iridomyrmex agilis and Melophorus turneri perthensis. From parentage assignment, we could not distinguish the maternal from each parent pair assigned to each seed, so we applied two approaches to estimate dispersal distances, one conservative (CONS), where the parent closest to the ant midden was considered to be maternal, and the second where both parents were deemed equally likely (EL) to be maternal, and used both distances. Parentage was assigned to 124 seeds from eight middens. Maximum seed dispersal distances detected were 417 m (CONS) and 423 m (EL), more than double the estimated global maximum. Mean seed dispersal distances of 40 m (±5.8 SE) (CONS) and 79 m (±6.4 SE) (EL) exceeded the published global average of 2.24 m (±7.19 SD) by at least one order of magnitude. For both approaches and both ant species, seed dispersal was predominantly (44-84% of all seeds) within 50 m from the maternal source, with fewer dispersal events at longer distances. Ants in this semi-arid environment have demonstrated a greater capacity to disperse seeds than estimated elsewhere, which highlights their important role in this system, and suggests significant novel ecological and evolutionary consequences for myrmecochorous species in arid/semi-arid Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Pascov
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia.,School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Paul G Nevill
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia. .,School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia. .,Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Carole P Elliott
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Environment and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Majer
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.,Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Janet M Anthony
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia.,School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, WA, 6005, Australia.,School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
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32
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Phillips RD, Bohman B, Anthony JM, Krauss SL, Dixon KW, Peakall R. Mismatch in the distribution of floral ecotypes and pollinators: insights into the evolution of sexually deceptive orchids. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:601-12. [PMID: 25619237 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants are predicted to show floral adaptation to geographic variation in the most effective pollinator, potentially leading to reproductive isolation and genetic divergence. Many sexually deceptive orchids attract just a single pollinator species, limiting opportunities to experimentally investigate pollinator switching. Here, we investigate Drakaea concolor, which attracts two pollinator species. Using pollinator choice tests, we detected two morphologically similar ecotypes within D. concolor. The common ecotype only attracted Zaspilothynnus gilesi, whereas the rare ecotype also attracted an undescribed species of Pogonothynnus. The rare ecotype occurred at populations nested within the distribution of the common ecotype, with no evidence of ecotypes occurring sympatrically. Surveying for pollinators at over 100 sites revealed that ecotype identity was not correlated with wasp availability, with most orchid populations only attracting the rare Z. gilesi. Using microsatellite markers, genetic differentiation among populations was very low (GST = 0.011) regardless of ecotype, suggestive of frequent gene flow. Taken together, these results may indicate that the ability to attract Pogonothynnus has evolved recently, but this ecotype is yet to spread. The nested distribution of ecotypes, rather than the more typical formation of ecotypes in allopatry, illustrates that in sexually deceptive orchids, pollinator switching could occur throughout a species' range, resulting from multiple potentially suitable but unexploited pollinators occurring in sympatry. This unusual case of sympatric pollinators highlights D. concolor as a promising study system for further understanding the process of pollinator switching from ecological, chemical and genetic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Phillips
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia; Kings Park and Botanic Garden, The Botanic Garden and Parks Authority, West Perth, 6005, Western Australia, Australia; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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33
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Krawiec J, Krauss SL, Davis RA, Spencer PBS. Weak genetic structuring suggests historically high genetic connectivity among recently fragmented urban populations of the scincid lizard, Ctenotus fallens. AUST J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/zo15022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Populations in fragmented urban remnants may be at risk of genetic erosion as a result of reduced gene flow and elevated levels of inbreeding. This may have serious genetic implications for the long-term viability of remnant populations, in addition to the more immediate pressures caused by urbanisation. The population genetic structure of the generalist skink Ctenotus fallens was examined using nine microsatellite markers within and among natural vegetation remnants within a highly fragmented urban matrix in the Perth metropolitan area in Western Australia. These data were compared with samples from a large unfragmented site on the edge of the urban area. Overall, estimates of genetic diversity and inbreeding within all populations were similar and low. Weak genetic differentiation, and a significant association between geographic and genetic distance, suggests historically strong genetic connectivity that decreases with geographic distance. Due to recent fragmentation, and genetic inertia associated with low genetic diversity and large population sizes, it is not possible from these data to infer current genetic connectivity levels. However, the historically high levels of gene flow that our data suggest indicate that a reduction in contemporary connectivity due to fragmentation in C. fallens is likely to result in negative genetic consequences in the longer term.
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34
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McMahon K, van Dijk KJ, Ruiz-Montoya L, Kendrick GA, Krauss SL, Waycott M, Verduin J, Lowe R, Statton J, Brown E, Duarte C. The movement ecology of seagrasses. Proc Biol Sci 2014. [PMID: 25297859 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0878.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A movement ecology framework is applied to enhance our understanding of the causes, mechanisms and consequences of movement in seagrasses: marine, clonal, flowering plants. Four life-history stages of seagrasses can move: pollen, sexual propagules, vegetative fragments and the spread of individuals through clonal growth. Movement occurs on the water surface, in the water column, on or in the sediment, via animal vectors and through spreading clones. A capacity for long-distance dispersal and demographic connectivity over multiple timeframes is the novel feature of the movement ecology of seagrasses with significant evolutionary and ecological consequences. The space-time movement footprint of different life-history stages varies. For example, the distance moved by reproductive propagules and vegetative expansion via clonal growth is similar, but the timescales range exponentially, from hours to months or centuries to millennia, respectively. Consequently, environmental factors and key traits that interact to influence movement also operate on vastly different spatial and temporal scales. Six key future research areas have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McMahon
- School of Natural Sciences and Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kor-Jent van Dijk
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia, Australia
| | - Leonardo Ruiz-Montoya
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gary A Kendrick
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, West Perth, 6005 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Waycott
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Ryan Lowe
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Statton
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Eloise Brown
- School of Environmental Systems and Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carlos Duarte
- The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, IMEDA (UIB-CSIC), 07190 Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Frick
- Science Directorate, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley 6005 Australia
| | - Alison L. Ritchie
- Science Directorate, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley 6005 Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- Science Directorate, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley 6005 Australia
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Williams AV, Nevill PG, Krauss SL. Next generation restoration genetics: applications and opportunities. Trends Plant Sci 2014; 19:529-537. [PMID: 24767982 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Restoration ecology is a young scientific discipline underpinning improvements in the rapid global expansion of ecological restoration. The application of molecular tools over the past 20 years has made an important contribution to understanding genetic factors influencing ecological restoration success. Here we illustrate how recent advances in next generation sequencing (NGS) methods are revolutionising the practical contribution of genetics to restoration. Novel applications include a dramatically enhanced capacity to measure adaptive variation for optimal seed sourcing, high-throughput assessment and monitoring of natural and restored biological communities aboveground and belowground, and gene expression analysis as a measure of genetic resilience of restored populations. Challenges remain in data generation, handling and analysis, and how best to apply NGS for practical outcomes in restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Williams
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Paul G Nevill
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia.
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Sinclair EA, Gecan I, Krauss SL, Kendrick GA. Against the odds: complete outcrossing in a monoecious clonal seagrass Posidonia australis (Posidoniaceae). Ann Bot 2014; 113:1185-96. [PMID: 24812250 PMCID: PMC4030814 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Seagrasses are marine, flowering plants with a hydrophilous pollination strategy. In these plants, successful mating requires dispersal of filamentous pollen grains through the water column to receptive stigmas. Approximately 40 % of seagrass species are monoecious, and therefore little pollen movement is required if inbreeding is tolerated. Outcrossing in these species is further impacted by clonality, which is variable, but can be extensive in large, dense meadows. Despite this, little is known about the interaction between clonal structure, genetic diversity and mating systems in hydrophilous taxa. METHODS Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers were used to characterize genetic diversity, clonal structure, mating system and realized pollen dispersal in two meadows of the temperate, monoecious seagrass, Posidonia australis, in Cockburn Sound, Western Australia. KEY RESULTS Within the two sampled meadows, genetic diversity was moderate among the maternal shoots (R = 0·45 and 0·64) and extremely high in the embryos (R = 0·93-0·97). Both meadows exhibited a highly clumping (or phalanx) structure among clones, with spatial autocorrelation analysis showing significant genetic structure among shoots and embryos up to 10-15 m. Outcrossing rates were not significantly different from one. Pollen dispersal distances inferred from paternity assignment averaged 30·8 and 26·8 m, which was larger than the mean clone size (12·8 and 13·8 m). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest highly effective movement of pollen in the water column. Despite strong clonal structure and moderate genetic diversity within meadows, hydrophilous pollination is an effective vector for completely outcrossed offspring. The different localized water conditions at each site (highly exposed conditions vs. weak directional flow) appear to have little influence on the success and pattern of successful pollination in the two meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Sinclair
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6907 Western Australia Botanic Gardens & Parks Authority, Fraser Avenue, West Perth, 6005 Western Australia
| | - Ilena Gecan
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6907 Western Australia
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6907 Western Australia Botanic Gardens & Parks Authority, Fraser Avenue, West Perth, 6005 Western Australia
| | - Gary A Kendrick
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6907 Western Australia Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6907 Western Australia
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Bradbury D, Smithson A, Krauss SL. Signatures of diversifying selection at EST-SSR loci and association with climate in natural Eucalyptus populations. Mol Ecol 2014; 22:5112-29. [PMID: 24118117 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the environmental parameters that drive adaptation among populations is important in predicting how species may respond to global climatic changes and how gene pools might be managed to conserve adaptive genetic diversity. Here, we used Bayesian FST outlier tests and allele-climate association analyses to reveal two Eucalyptus EST-SSR loci as strong candidates for diversifying selection in natural populations of a southwestern Australian forest tree, Eucalyptus gomphocephala (Myrtaceae). The Eucalyptus homolog of a CONSTANS-like gene was an FST outlier, and allelic variation showed significant latitudinal clinal associations with annual and winter solar radiation, potential evaporation, summer precipitation and aridity. A second FST outlier locus, homologous to quinone oxidoreductase, was significantly associated with measures of temperature range, high summer temperature and summer solar radiation, with important implications for predicting the effect of temperature on natural populations in the context of climate change. We complemented these data with investigations into neutral population genetic structure and diversity throughout the species range. This study provides an investigation into selection signatures at gene-homologous EST-SSRs in natural Eucalyptus populations, and contributes to our understanding of the relationship between climate and adaptive genetic variation, informing the conservation of both putatively neutral and adaptive components of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Bradbury
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6005, Australia; Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Avenue, West Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Nevill PG, Bradbury D, Williams A, Tomlinson S, Krauss SL. Genetic and palaeo-climatic evidence for widespread persistence of the coastal tree species Eucalyptus gomphocephala (Myrtaceae) during the Last Glacial Maximum. Ann Bot 2014; 113:55-67. [PMID: 24284819 PMCID: PMC3864724 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few phylogeographic studies have been undertaken of species confined to narrow, linear coastal systems where past sea level and geomorphological changes may have had a profound effect on species population sizes and distributions. In this study, a phylogeographic analysis was conducted of Eucalyptus gomphocephala (tuart), a tree species restricted to a 400 × 10 km band of coastal sand-plain in south west Australia. Here, there is little known about the response of coastal vegetation to glacial/interglacial climate change, and a test was made as to whether this species was likely to have persisted widely through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), or conforms to a post-LGM dispersal model of recovery from few refugia. METHODS The genetic structure over the entire range of tuart was assessed using seven nuclear (21 populations; n = 595) and four chloroplast (24 populations; n = 238) microsatellite markers designed for eucalypt species. Correlative palaeodistribution modelling was also conducted based on five climatic variables, within two LGM models. KEY RESULTS The chloroplast markers generated six haplotypes, which were strongly geographically structured (GST = 0·86 and RST = 0·75). Nuclear microsatellite diversity was high (overall mean HE 0·75) and uniformly distributed (FST = 0·05), with a strong pattern of isolation by distance (r(2) = 0·362, P = 0·001). Distribution models of E. gomphocephala during the LGM showed a wide distribution that extended at least 30 km westward from the current distribution to the palaeo-coastline. CONCLUSIONS The chloroplast and nuclear data suggest wide persistence of E. gomphocephala during the LGM. Palaeodistribution modelling supports the conclusions drawn from genetic data and indicates a widespread westward shift of E. gomphocephala onto the exposed continental shelf during the LGM. This study highlights the importance of the inclusion of complementary, non-genetic data (information on geomorphology and palaeoclimate) to interpret phylogeographic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Nevill
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Donna Bradbury
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Anna Williams
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Sean Tomlinson
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Elliott CP, Enright NJ, Allcock RJN, Gardner MG, Meglécz E, Anthony J, Krauss SL. Microsatellite markers from the Ion Torrent: a multi-species contrast to 454 shotgun sequencing. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 14:554-68. [PMID: 24165148 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development and screening of microsatellite markers have been accelerated by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and in particular GS-FLX pyro-sequencing (454). More recent platforms such as the PGM semiconductor sequencer (Ion Torrent) offer potential benefits such as dramatic reductions in cost, but to date have not been well utilized. Here, we critically compare the advantages and disadvantages of microsatellite development using PGM semiconductor sequencing and GS-FLX pyro-sequencing for two gymnosperm (a conifer and a cycad) and one angiosperm species. We show that these NGS platforms differ in the quantity of returned sequence data, unique microsatellite data and primer design opportunities, mostly consistent with the differences in read length. The strength of the PGM lies in the large amount of data generated at a comparatively lower cost and time. The strength of GS-FLX lies in the return of longer average length sequences and therefore greater flexibility in producing markers with variable product length, due to longer flanking regions, which is ideal for capillary multiplexing. These differences need to be considered when choosing a NGS method for microsatellite discovery. However, the ongoing improvement in read lengths of the NGS platforms will reduce the disadvantage of the current short read lengths, particularly for the PGM platform, allowing greater flexibility in primer design coupled with the power of a larger number of sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole P Elliott
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia; Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Avenue, West Perth, Western Australia, 6005, Australia
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Stingemore JA, Nevill PG, Gardner MG, Krauss SL. Development of microsatellite markers for two Australian Persoonia (Proteaceae) species using two different techniques. Appl Plant Sci 2013; 1:apps1300023. [PMID: 25202485 PMCID: PMC4103465 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite markers were developed and cross-species transferability assessed for two Persoonia species to evaluate genetic diversity and population genetic structure of these broadly distributed southwest Australian tree species. • METHODS AND RESULTS Microsatellite-enriched libraries and 454 GS-FLX shotgun sequencing were used to identity nine microsatellite loci for P. elliptica (one 454; eight cloning) and six for P. longifolia (three 454; three cloning). These loci were screened for variation in individuals from populations in southwestern Australia. In P. elliptica, observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.46 to 0.93 and 0.42 to 0.88, respectively. For P. longifolia, observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.04 to 0.88 and 0.04 to 0.84, respectively. • CONCLUSIONS The microsatellites identified in this study will enable the examination of population and spatial structuring of genetic diversity in P. elliptica and P. longifolia, two priority species for mine site restoration in southwestern Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Stingemore
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
| | - Paul G. Nevill
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
| | - Michael G. Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
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Bradbury D, Smithson A, Krauss SL. Development and testing of new gene-homologous EST-SSRs for Eucalyptus gomphocephala (Myrtaceae). Appl Plant Sci 2013; 1:apps1300004. [PMID: 25202574 PMCID: PMC4103447 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1300004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY New microsatellite (simple sequence repeat [SSR]) primers were developed from Eucalyptus expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and optimized for genetic studies of the southwestern Australian tree E. gomphocephala, which is severely impacted by tree health decline and habitat fragmentation. • METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 133 gene-homologous EST-SSR primer pairs were designed for Eucalyptus, and 44 were screened in E. gomphocephala. Of these, 17 produced reliable amplification products and 11 were polymorphic. Between two and 13 alleles were observed per locus, and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.172 to 0.867. All 17 EST-SSRs that amplified E. gomphocephala cross-amplified to at least one of E. marginata, E. camaldulensis, and E. victrix. • CONCLUSIONS This set of EST-SSR primer pairs will be valuable tools for future population genetic studies of E. gomphocephala and other eucalypts, particularly for studying gene-linked variation and informing seed-sourcing strategies for ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Bradbury
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6005, Australia
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Avenue, West Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ann Smithson
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6005, Australia
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Avenue, West Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6005, Australia
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Fraser Avenue, West Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Abstract
We developed 11 polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers for an Australian native shrub Banksia hookeriana (Proteaceae). The number of alleles per locus in 37 individuals varied from three to 17, observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.297 to 0.838 and from 0.279 to 0.900, respectively. Two loci (BH-B5 and BH-B107) showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.05), and null alleles may be present at these two loci. All loci showed independent inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua He
- Centre for Ecosystem Diversity and Dynamics, Department of Environmental Biology, Curtin University of Technology, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia, School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Krauss SL, Sinclair EA, Bussell JD, Hobbs RJ. An ecological genetic delineation of local seed-source provenance for ecological restoration. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:2138-49. [PMID: 23919158 PMCID: PMC3728953 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasingly important practical application of the analysis of spatial genetic structure within plant species is to help define the extent of local provenance seed collection zones that minimize negative impacts in ecological restoration programs. Here, we derive seed sourcing guidelines from a novel range-wide assessment of spatial genetic structure of 24 populations of Banksia menziesii (Proteaceae), a widely distributed Western Australian tree of significance in local ecological restoration programs. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of 100 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers revealed significant genetic differentiation among populations (ΦPT = 0.18). Pairwise population genetic dissimilarity was correlated with geographic distance, but not environmental distance derived from 15 climate variables, suggesting overall neutrality of these markers with regard to these climate variables. Nevertheless, Bayesian outlier analysis identified four markers potentially under selection, although these were not correlated with the climate variables. We calculated a global R-statistic using analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) to test the statistical significance of population differentiation and to infer a threshold seed collection zone distance of ∼60 km (all markers) and 100 km (outlier markers) when genetic distance was regressed against geographic distance. Population pairs separated by >60 km were, on average, twice as likely to be significantly genetically differentiated than population pairs separated by <60 km, suggesting that habitat-matched sites within a 30-km radius around a restoration site genetically defines a local provenance seed collection zone for B. menziesii. Our approach is a novel probability-based practical solution for the delineation of a local seed collection zone to minimize negative genetic impacts in ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried L Krauss
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority Fraser Avenue, West Perth, Western Australia, 6005, Australia ; School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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Hevroy TH, Moody ML, Krauss SL, Gardner MG. Isolation, via 454 sequencing, characterization and transferability of microsatellites for Grevillea thelemanniana subsp. thelemanniana and cross-species amplification in the Grevillea thelemanniana complex (Proteaceae). CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-013-9918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nevill PG, Wallace MJ, Miller JT, Krauss SL. DNA barcoding for conservation, seed banking and ecological restoration of Acacia in the Midwest of Western Australia. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 13:1033-42. [PMID: 23433106 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We used DNA barcoding to address an important conservation issue in the Midwest of Western Australia, working on Australia's largest genus of flowering plant. We tested whether or not currently recommended plant DNA barcoding regions (matK and rbcL) were able to discriminate Acacia taxa of varying phylogenetic distances, and ultimately identify an ambiguously labelled seed collection from a mine-site restoration project. Although matK successfully identified the unknown seed as the rare and conservation priority listed A. karina, and was able to resolve six of the eleven study species, this region was difficult to amplify and sequence. In contrast, rbcL was straightforward to recover and align, but could not determine the origin of the seed and only resolved 3 of the 11 species. Other chloroplast regions (rpl32-trnL, psbA-trnH, trnL-F and trnK) had mixed success resolving the studied taxa. In general, species were better resolved in multilocus data sets compared to single-locus data sets. We recommend using the formal barcoding regions supplemented with data from other plastid regions, particularly rpl32-trnL, for barcoding in Acacia. Our study demonstrates the novel use of DNA barcoding for seed identification and illustrates the practical potential of DNA barcoding for the growing discipline of restoration ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Nevill
- Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Kings Park and Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia', Australia; School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia', Australia
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Sinclair EA, Verduin J, Krauss SL, Hardinge J, Anthony J, Kendrick GA. A genetic assessment of a successful seagrass meadow (Posidonia australis) restoration trial. Ecol Manag Restor 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/emr.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Verduin
- School of Environmental Science; Murdoch University; Murdoch; WA; 6150; Australia
| | | | - Jethro Hardinge
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley; WA; 6907; Australia
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Merwin L, He T, Lamont BB, Enright NJ, Krauss SL. Low rate of between-population seed dispersal restricts genetic connectivity and metapopulation dynamics in a clonal shrub. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50974. [PMID: 23209839 PMCID: PMC3510159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal species normally have low seed production, low recruitment rates and long lifespans, and it is expected that the rates of long-distance dispersal (LDD) of seeds will be low as well. Banksia candolleana is a clonal shrub in Mediterranean-type, fire-prone sclerophyll shrublands of southwestern Australia, whose reproductive biology and population dynamics contrast with those of co-occurring nonclonal congeneric species, all of which are restricted to a mosaic of sand dunes set within a matrix of inhospitable swales. Using microsatellite markers, we genotyped 499 plants in all 15 populations of B. candolleana within a 12-km(2) area, assessed population genetic differentiation, and quantified the effective rate of interpopulation seed dispersal through genetic assignment of individuals to populations. We measured life history, reproductive and demographic attributes, and compared these with two co-occurring Banksia species, a non-clonal resprouter and a nonsprouter. B. candolleana has much higher levels of population genetic differentiation, and one-third the rate of interpopulation seed migration, as the other two species (2.2% vs 5.5-6.8% of genotyped plants inferred to be immigrants), though distances reached by LDD are comparable (0.3-2.3 km). The low rate of interpopulation dispersal was supported by an analysis of the age structure of three populations that suggests a mean interdune migration rate of <800 m in 200 years, and 60% of suitable dunes remain uninhabited. Thus, B. candolleana has poor properties for promoting long-distance dispersal. It is unclear if these are idiosyncratic to this species or whether such properties are to be expected of clonal species in general where LDD is less critical for species survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Merwin
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tianhua He
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Byron B. Lamont
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Neal J. Enright
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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49
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Hufford KM, Krauss SL, Veneklaas EJ. Inbreeding and outbreeding depression in Stylidium hispidum: implications for mixing seed sources for ecological restoration. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:2262-73. [PMID: 23139884 PMCID: PMC3488676 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of composite rather than local seed provenances for ecological restoration have recently been argued, largely on the basis of maximizing evolutionary potential. However, these arguments have downplayed the potentially negative consequences of outbreeding depression once mixed provenances interbreed. In this study, we compared intraspecific F1 hybrid performance and molecular marker differentiation among four populations of Stylidium hispidum, a species endemic to Southwestern Australia. Multivariate ordination of 134 AFLP markers analyzed genetic structure and detected two clusters of paired sites that diverged significantly for marker variation along a latitudinal boundary. To test for outbreeding depression and to determine the consequences of molecular population divergence for hybrid fitness, we conducted controlled pollinations and studied germination and survival for three cross categories (within-population crosses, short- and long-distance F1 hybrids) for paired sites distributed within and between the two genetically differentiated regions. We found evidence of outbreeding depression in long-distance hybrids (111–124 km), and inbreeding depression among progeny of within-population crosses, relative to short-distance (3–10 km) hybrids, suggesting an intermediate optimal outcrossing distance in this species. These results are discussed in light of the evolutionary consequences of mixing seed sources for biodiversity restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Hufford
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority Western Australia, Australia ; School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia Western Australia, Australia ; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming Laramie, Wyoming
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Stingemore
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Fraser Ave, West Perth, Western Australia 6005, Australia
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