Utilization of Jatropha deoiled seed cake for production of cellulases under solid-state fermentation

Detergent-compatible fungal cellulases

Detergent enzymes are currently added to all powder and liquid detergents that are manufactured. Cellulases, lipases, amylases, and proteases are used in the detergency to replace toxic phosphates and silicates and to reduce high energy consumption. This makes the use of enzymes in detergent formulation cost effective. Fungi are producers of important extracellular enzymes for industrial use. The fungal and bacterial cellulases maintain the shape and color of the washed garments. There is a high demand for cellulases at the market by detergent industries. With this high demand, genetic engineering has been a solution due to its high production of detergent-compatible cellulases. Fungi are the famous source for detergent-compatible cellulases production, but still, there is a lack of the cost-effective process of alkaline fungal cellulase production. Review papers on detergent-compatible bacterial cellulase and amylase and detergent-compatible fungal and bacterial proteases and lipases are available, but there is no review on detergent fungal cellulases. This review aims to highlight the production, properties, stability, and compatibility of fungal cellulases. It will help other academic and industrial researchers to study, produce, and commercialize the fungal cellulases with good aspects.

Purification and properties of an endoglucanase from Thermoascus aurantiacus

An Endo-cellulase was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange and size exclusion chromatography from newly isolated strain of Thermoascus aurantiacus RBB-1. The recovery and purification fold were 13.3% and 6.6, respectively, after size exclusion chromatography. The purified cellulase has a molecular mass (M) of 35 kDa. Optimum temperature for the enzyme was found to be 70 °C and stability was upto 80 °C for 1 h. Along with higher stability at 80 °C, enzyme showed half lives of 192 h and 144 h at 50 and 70 °C respectively. The purified cellulase was optimally active at pH 4.0 and was stable over a broad pH range of 3.0–7.0. The enzyme purified showed apparent K_m and V_max values of 37 mg/ml and 82.6 U/min/mg protein respectively with higher salt tolerance of 10% for 1 h.