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Pliego-Sandoval JE, Díaz-Barbosa A, Reyes-Nava LA, Angeles Camacho-Ruiz M, Iñiguez-Muñoz LE, Pinto-Pérez O. Development and Evaluation of a Low-Cost Triglyceride Quantification Enzymatic Biosensor Using an Arduino-Based Microfluidic System. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:826. [PMID: 37622912 PMCID: PMC10452911 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity promote diabetes and heart disease onset. Triglycerides are key biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, strokes, and other health issues. Scientists have devised methods and instruments for the detection of these molecules in liquid samples. In this study, an enzymatic biosensor was developed using an Arduino-based microfluidic platform, wherein a lipolytic enzyme was immobilized on an ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer through physical adsorption. This low-cost optical biosensor employed a spectrophotometric transducer and was assessed in liquid samples to indirectly detect triglycerides and fatty acids using p-nitrophenol as an indicator. The average triglyceride level detected in the conducted experiments was 47.727 mg/dL. The biosensor exhibited a percentage of recovery of 81.12% and a variation coefficient of 0.791%. Furthermore, the biosensor demonstrated the ability to detect triglyceride levels without the need for sample dilution, ranging from 7.6741 mg/dL to 58.835 mg/dL. This study successfully developed an efficient and affordable enzymatic biosensor prototype for triglyceride and fatty acid detection. The lipolytic enzyme immobilization on the polymer substrate provided a stable and reproducible detection system, rendering this biosensor an exciting option for the detection of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Pliego-Sandoval
- Centro Universitario del Sur, Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva No. 883, Colón, Cd Guzmán 49000, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.D.-B.); (L.A.R.-N.); (L.E.I.-M.); (O.P.-P.)
| | - Arturo Díaz-Barbosa
- Centro Universitario del Sur, Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva No. 883, Colón, Cd Guzmán 49000, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.D.-B.); (L.A.R.-N.); (L.E.I.-M.); (O.P.-P.)
| | - Luis A. Reyes-Nava
- Centro Universitario del Sur, Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva No. 883, Colón, Cd Guzmán 49000, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.D.-B.); (L.A.R.-N.); (L.E.I.-M.); (O.P.-P.)
| | - María Angeles Camacho-Ruiz
- Centro Universitario del Norte, Laboratorio de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Colotlán 46200, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Laura Elena Iñiguez-Muñoz
- Centro Universitario del Sur, Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva No. 883, Colón, Cd Guzmán 49000, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.D.-B.); (L.A.R.-N.); (L.E.I.-M.); (O.P.-P.)
| | - Osmar Pinto-Pérez
- Centro Universitario del Sur, Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales e Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Enrique Arreola Silva No. 883, Colón, Cd Guzmán 49000, Jalisco, Mexico; (A.D.-B.); (L.A.R.-N.); (L.E.I.-M.); (O.P.-P.)
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2
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Aydoğdu Tığ G, Zeybek B. Gold Nanoparticles‐electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide/Poly(indole‐5‐carboxylic acid) Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Non‐enzymatic Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Aydoğdu Tığ
- Ankara University Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry Ankara 06100 Turkey
| | - Bülent Zeybek
- Kütahya Dumlupınar University Faculty of Science and Arts Department of Chemistry Kütahya 43100 Turkey
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3
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Wang H, Fan Y, Yang Q, Sun X, Liu H, Chen W, Aziz A, Wang S. Boosting the Electrochemical Performance of PI-5-CA/C-SWCNT Nanohybrid for Sensitive Detection of E. coli O157:H7 From the Real Sample. Front Chem 2022; 10:843859. [PMID: 35223774 PMCID: PMC8866332 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.843859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox activity is an important indicator for evaluating electrochemical biosensors. In this work, we have successfully polymerized indole-5-carboxylic acid into poly-5-carboxyindole nanomaterials (PI-5-CA), using its superior redox activity, and introduced carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (C-SWCNTs) to synthesize a composite material. Finally, a synthesized composite material was used for the modification of the glass carbon electrode to fabricate the PI-5-CA/C-SWCNTs/GCE-based immunosensor and was successfully applied for the sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7. The fabricated immunosensor exhibited an outstanding electrocatalytic activity toward the detection of E. coli O157:H7 with a remarkably lowest limit of detection (2.5 CFU/ml, LOD = 3 SD/k, n = 3) and has a wide linear range from 2.98×101 to 2.98×107 CFU/ml. Inspired from the excellent results, the fabricated electrode was applied for the detection of bacteria from real samples (water samples) with a good recovery rate (98.13–107.69%) as well as an excellent stability and specificity. Owing to its simple preparation, excellent performance, and detection time within 30 min, our proposed immunosensor will open a new horizon in different fields for the sensitive detection of bacteria from real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanmiao Fan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ayesha Aziz
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ayesha Aziz, ; Shenqi Wang,
| | - Shenqi Wang
- Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ayesha Aziz, ; Shenqi Wang,
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4
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Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang Z, Huang X, Huang W. Hydrogel‐based composites: Unlimited platforms for biosensors and diagnostics. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
| | - Yanlei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
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5
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Minakshi P, Mohan H, Manjeet, Ravina, Brar B, Shafiq M, Pundir CS. Organic Polymer and Metal Nano-particle Based Composites for Improvement of the Analytical Performance of Electrochemical Biosensors. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1029-1041. [PMID: 32148195 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200309092957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are described in the nanoscale and made from either pure metals or their compounds such as oxides. Metallic NPs have certain indistinct functional groups due to which these can bind with any type of ligand, antibody and drugs. Organic polymers, which conduct electricity, are called conducting polymers (intrinsically conducting polymers). They behave like semiconductors by exhibiting metallic conductivity. Process-ability is the major advantage of conducting polymers. Nanocomposite is a novel material having nano-fillers scattered in a matrix with morphology and interfacial characteristics of nano-composites including their individual property that influence their characteristics. Conducting polymers and NP composites can enhance the rate of electron transport between the current collector material (electrode) and the electrolyte; therefore they have been employed in the construction of improved electrochemical sensors such as amperometric, catalytic and potentiodynamic affinity sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hari Mohan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Manjeet
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Ravina
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Basanti Brar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, LUVAS, Hisar, India
| | - Mohammad Shafiq
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - C S Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
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6
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Madhurantakam S, Jayanth Babu K, Balaguru Rayappan JB, Maheswari Krishnan U. Fabrication of a Nano‐Interfaced Electrochemical Triglyceride Biosensor and its Potential Application towards Distinguishing Cancer and Normal Cells. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sasya Madhurantakam
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA University Thanjavur 613 401 India
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA University Thanjavur 613 401 India
- Department of Molecular Physiology School of Medicine Niigata University Niigata 9518103 Japan
| | - K Jayanth Babu
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA University Thanjavur 613 401 India
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering SASTRA University Thanjavur 613 401 India
| | - John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA University Thanjavur 613 401 India
- School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering SASTRA University Thanjavur 613 401 India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB) SASTRA University Thanjavur 613 401 India
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA University Thanjavur 613 401 India
- School of Arts Science & Humanities (SASH) SASTRA University Thanjavur 613 401 India
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7
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Hasanah U, Sani NDM, Heng LY, Idroes R, Safitri E. Construction of a Hydrogel Pectin-Based Triglyceride Optical Biosensor with Immobilized Lipase Enzymes. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9040135. [PMID: 31766218 PMCID: PMC6956241 DOI: 10.3390/bios9040135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel and simple optical biosensor to detect triglycerides (TGs) has been successfully constructed by using pectin hydrogel membrane as the indicator pH and chromoionophore ETH 5294 (CI), with lipase as the catalyst. The enzymatic working system against TGs releasing H+ ions will affect the color absorbance of CI. The characterization results show that a TG biosensor has the optimum condition and sensitivity at the phosphate buffer concentration of 50 mM, pH 7, and enzyme loading of 60 μg. The biosensor works at the tripalmitin (TP) concentration range of 100–400 mg/dL. With the sensitivity of 0.001 (∆A/(mg/dL)), the biosensor response reaches stability after five minutes, and the limit of detection (LOD) of the TG optical biosensor is 15 mg/dL. Relative standard deviation (RSD) in a reproducibility test was 2.5%, with a 15-day lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uswatun Hasanah
- Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Teuku Umar, West Aceh 23615, Indonesia
| | - Nor Diyana Md Sani
- Sanichem Resources Sdn. Bhd. No 7 & 7A Jalan Timur 6/1A Mercato @Enstek, Bandar Enstek NSN 71060, Malaysia;
| | - Lee Yook Heng
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi SGR 43600 UKM, Malaysia;
| | - Rinaldi Idroes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Eka Safitri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-853-7282-9295
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8
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Hooda V, Gahlaut A, Gothwal A, Hooda V. Recent trends and perspectives in enzyme based biosensor development for the screening of triglycerides: a comprehensive review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:626-635. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1465946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Hooda
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | | | - Ashish Gothwal
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Hooda
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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9
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Biosensing methods for determination of triglycerides: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 100:214-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Yücel A, Özcan HM, Sağıroğlu A. A new multienzyme-type biosensor for triglyceride determination. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:78-84. [PMID: 25397961 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.985833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An amperometric multienzyme biosensor for determination of triglycerides (TGs) was constructed by mounting three gelatin membrane-bound enzymes on a glassy carbon electrode (working electrode), then connecting it to electrometer along with an Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a Pt auxiliary electrode. Characterization and optimization of the multienzyme biosensor, which is prepared with glycerol kinase (GK) (E.C.2.7.1.30), glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase (GPO) (EC 1.1.3.21), and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3), were studied. In the optimization studies for the bioactive layer components of the prepared biosensor, the optimum amounts of gelatin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and glutaraldehyde was calculated as 1 mg/cm(2), 1 mg/cm(2), and 2.5%, respectively. Optimum pH and temperature of the reaction of biosensor were determined as 7.0 and 40 °C, respectively. Linear range of triolein for the biosensor was found from the calibration curve between several substrate concentration and Δ Current. After optimization and characterization of the biosensor, its operationability in triglycerides was also tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Yücel
- a Technology Research and Development Centre , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Hakkı Mevlüt Özcan
- b Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
| | - Ayten Sağıroğlu
- b Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey
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11
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Bhardwaj SK, Yadav P, Ghosh S, Basu T, Mahapatro AK. Biosensing Test-Bed Using Electrochemically Deposited Reduced Graphene Oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:24350-60. [PMID: 27509332 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b04562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of an efficient test-bed for biosensors requires stable surfaces, capable of interacting with the functional groups present in bioentities. This work demonstrates the formation of highly stable electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) thin films reproducibly on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates using a reliable technique through 60 s chronoamperometric reduction of a colloidal suspension maintained at neutral pH containing graphene oxide in deionized water. Structural optimization and biocompatible interactions of the resulting closely packed and uniformly distributed ERGO flakes on ITO surfaces (ERGO/ITO) are characterized using various microscopic and spectroscopic tools. Lipase enzyme is immobilized on the ERGO surface in the presence of ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide for the detection of triglyceride in a tributyrin (TBN) solution. The ERGO/ITO surfaces prepared using the current technique indicate the noticeable detection of TBN, a source of triglycerides, at a sensitivity of 37 pA mg dL(-1) cm(-2) in the linear range from 50 to 300 mg dL(-1) with a response time of 12 s. The low apparent Michaelies-Menten constant of 0.28 mM suggests high enzyme affinity to TBN. The currently developed fast, simple, highly reproducible, and reliable technique for the formation of an ERGO electrode could be routinely utilized as a test bed for the detection of clinically active bioentities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal K Bhardwaj
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University , Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Premlata Yadav
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Subhasis Ghosh
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Tinku Basu
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University , Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Ajit K Mahapatro
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi , New Delhi 110007, India
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12
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Zhou W, Xu J. Progress in Conjugated Polyindoles: Synthesis, Polymerization Mechanisms, Properties, and Applications. POLYM REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2016.1223130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Aggarwal V, Pundir CS. Rational Design of Nanoparticle Platforms for "Cutting-the-Fat": Covalent Immobilization of Lipase, Glycerol Kinase, and Glycerol-3-Phosphate Oxidase on Metal Nanoparticles. Methods Enzymol 2016; 571:197-223. [PMID: 27112401 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aggregates of nanoparticles (NPs) are considered better supports for the immobilization of enzymes, as these promote enzyme kinetics, due to their unusual but favorable properties such as larger surface area to volume ratio, high catalytic efficiency of certain immobilized enzymes, non-toxicity of some of the nanoparticle matrices, high stability, strong adsorption of the enzyme of interest by a number of different approaches, and faster electron transportability. Co-immobilization of multiple enzymes required for a multistep reaction cascade on a single support is more efficient than separately immobilizing the corresponding enzymes and mixing them physically, since products of one enzyme could serve as reactants for another. These products can diffuse much more easily between enzymes on the same particle than diffusion from one particle to the next, in the reaction medium. Thus, co-immobilization of enzymes onto NP aggregates is expected to produce faster kinetics than their individual immobilizations on separate matrices. Lipase, glycerol kinase, and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase are required for lipid analysis in a cascade reaction, and we describe the co-immobilization of these three enzymes on nanocomposites of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs)-chitosan (CHIT) and gold nanoparticles-polypyrrole-polyindole carboxylic acid (AuPPy-Pin5COOH) which are electrodeposited on Pt and Au electrodes, respectively. The kinetic properties and analytes used for amperometric determination of TG are fully described for others to practice in a trained laboratory. Cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectra, and electrochemical impedance spectra confirmed their covalent co-immobilization onto electrode surfaces through glutaraldehyde coupling on CHIT-ZnONPs and amide bonding on AuPPy/Pin5COOH. The combined activities of co-immobilized enzymes was tested amperometrically, and these composite nanobiocatalysts showed optimum activity within 4-5s, at pH 6.5-7.5 and 35°C, when polarized at a potential between 0.1 and 0.4V. Co-immobilized enzymes showed excellent linearity within 50-700mg/dl of the lipid with detection limit of 20mg/dl for triolein. The half life of co-immobilized enzymes was 7 months, when stored dry at 4°C which is very convenient for practical applications. Co-immobilized biocatalysts measured triglycerides in the sera of apparently healthy persons and persons suffering from hypertriglyceridemia, which is recognized as a leading cause for heart disease. The measurement of serum TG by co-immobilized enzymes was unaffected by the presence of a number of serum substances, tested as potential interferences. Thus, co-immobilization of enzymes onto aggregates of NPs resulted in improved performance for TG analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - C S Pundir
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India.
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14
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Electrochemical immunoassay for the biomarker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine using a glassy carbon electrode modified with chitosan and poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid). Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Li L, Wang Y, Pan L, Shi Y, Cheng W, Shi Y, Yu G. A nanostructured conductive hydrogels-based biosensor platform for human metabolite detection. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:1146-51. [PMID: 25569673 DOI: 10.1021/nl504217p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of a scalable, low-cost, and versatile biosensor platform for the sensitive and rapid detection of human metabolites is of great interest for healthcare, pharmaceuticals, and medical science. On the basis of hierarchically nanostructured conducting polymer hydrogels, we designed a flexible biosensor platform that can detect various human metabolites, such as uric acid, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Owing to the unique features of conducting polymer hydrogels, such as high permeability to biosubstrates and rapid electron transfer, our biosensors demonstrate excellent sensing performance with a wide linear range (uric acid, 0.07-1 mM; cholesterol, 0.3-9 mM, and triglycerides, 0.2-5 mM), high sensitivity, low sensing limit, and rapid response time (∼3 s). Given the facile and scalable processability of hydrogels, the proposed conductive hydrogels-based biosensor platform shows great promise as a low-cost sensor kit for healthcare monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China
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16
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Jeong CY, Han YD, Yoon JH, Yoon HC. Bioelectrocatalytic sensor for triglycerides in human skin sebum based on enzymatic cascade reaction of lipase, glycerol kinase and glycerophosphate oxidase. J Biotechnol 2014; 175:7-14. [PMID: 24530539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of an electrochemical biosensor for the quantification of triglycerides in human skin sebum, based on a multienzyme cascade reaction. The presence of excessive triglycerides in human sebum is one of the leading causes of various skin ailments. However, to the best of our knowledge, no bioelectrocatalytic approach for the quantification of sebum triglycerides has been made. In order to develop triglyceride biosensor, we fabricated a multienzyme-associated electrode incorporating lipase, glycerol kinase, and glycerophosphate oxidase. Enzymes were deposited by electrostatic force and further stabilized via crosslinking between enzymes and polymer matrices. The enzyme-modified biosensing electrode maintained its bioelectrocatalytic activity for five days. An additional constraint was the limited solubility of sebum triglycerides in aqueous electrolytes, impeding the analysis. To address this issue, triglyceride samples were prepared in the form of micelles, enabling efficient sample preparation for biosensor signaling. Calibration tests revealed that the designed assay had a detection range of 15-200mg/dL of micellar triglyceride, which covered the required determination range. The developed biosensing approach was successfully used to determine triglyceride concentrations in real sebum samples of unknown triglyceride content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yong Jeong
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Yong Duk Han
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Jae Ho Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, South Korea
| | - Hyun C Yoon
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, South Korea.
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Determination of triglycerides with special emphasis on biosensors: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 61:379-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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