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Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Jin X, Zhang Y, Song J, Wu Z, Li Y, Yi J, Wang D, Hu M. Chroogomphus rutilus Regulates Bone Metabolism to Prevent Periodontal Bone Loss during Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Osteoporotic Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:4906. [PMID: 38068764 PMCID: PMC10708235 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) leads to the acceleration of tooth movement and aggravation of periodontal bone loss during orthodontic treatment. Chroogomphus rutilus (CR) is abundant in nutrients and demonstrates remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the components of CR, including 35.00% total sugar, 0.69% reducing sugar, 14.40% crude protein, 7.30% total ash, 6.10% crude fat, 0.51% total flavonoids, 1.94% total triterpenoids, 0.32% total sterol, 1.30% total saponins, 1.69% total alkaloids, and 1.02% total phenol, were first systematically examined, followed by an investigation into its regulatory effects on bone metabolism in order to mitigate bone loss during orthodontic tooth movement in osteoporotic rats. The results of the imaging tests revealed that CR treatment reduced periodontal bone loss and normalized tooth movement in the OP. In conjunction with analyses of intestinal flora and metabolomics, CR enhances the prevalence of anti-inflammatory genera while reducing the production of inflammatory metabolites. Meanwhile, CR reduced the levels of periodontal inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and promoted periodontal bone formation. These findings imply that CR is a potent supplementary therapy for controlling periodontal bone remodeling in patients with OP undergoing orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Xinghui Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.J.)
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Jiyu Song
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhina Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yutong Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China
| | | | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (Y.Z.); (X.J.)
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Z.W.); (Y.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun 130021, China
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Li CY, Wu YC, Chang FR, El-Shazly M, Du YC, Lu CY, Duh TH, Wu TY. Application of response surface methodology and quantitative NMR for the optimum extraction, characterization, and quantitation of Antrodia cinnamomea triterpenoids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20265. [PMID: 37985810 PMCID: PMC10661979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a treasured Asian medicinal mushroom, which has attracted attention due to recent research on its effectiveness in targeting a variety of serious ailments such as cancer and liver diseases. Among different A. cinnamomea constituents, triterpenoids are regarded as the most therapeutically attractive components because of their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. In the present study, we proposed a mathematical and statistical extraction protocol to evaluate the concentrations of total ergostane and lanostane triterpenoid derivatives from the ethanolic extract of the wild fruiting bodies of A. cinnamomea (EEAC) by utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) and quantitative NMR (qNMR) approaches. The optimum response surface model showed that the variations of the investigated response variables reached more than 90%, suggesting that the developed model is accurate in explaining response variability. Furthermore, the EEAC major characteristic triterpenoids were quantified through the comparison of the HPLC-tandem MS results with those of the qNMR results. The precision of the used techniques was also evaluated. The experimental design of the EEAC optimum extraction procedure obtained by using RSM and qNMR enabled accurate characterization and quantitation of A. cinnamomea triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ying Li
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Ying-Chi Du
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hui Duh
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Ying Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
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Wang HJ, Cui C, Gong XM, Wang S, Li CX, Guo H, Wang YL, Huang YD, Jiang JL, Luo XM, Miao JH, Liu TQ, Zhao S, Feng JX. Improvement of triterpenoid production in mycelia of Antrodia camphorata through mutagenesis breeding and amelioration of CCl 4-induced liver injury in mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19621. [PMID: 37809917 PMCID: PMC10558866 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the scarcity of wild fruiting bodies, submerged fermentation of the medicinal fungus Antrodia camphorata is attracting much attention, but the production of bioactive triterpenoids is low. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the triterpenoid yield of submerged fermentation. Here, the A. camphorata mutant E3-64 was generated from strain AC16101 through random mutagenesis breeding, producing 172.8 mg triterpenoid per gram of dry mycelia. Further optimization of culture parameters resulted in a yield of 255.5 mg/g dry mycelia (i.e., an additional >1.4-fold increase), which is the highest reported yield thus far. Notably, mutant E3-64 produced 94% and 178% more of the triterpenoid components antcin A and antcamphin A, respectively, while it produced 52% and 15% less antcin B and G, respectively. Mutant E3-64 showed increased expression of key genes involved in triterpenoid biosynthesis, as well as different genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms as compared with AC16101. Triterpenoids of the E3-64 mycelia exhibited remarkably protective activity against acute CCl4-induced liver injury in mice. This study shows the potential of A. camphorata for scientific research and commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Ju Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ce Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Gong
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Cheng-Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- School of Life Science, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Ya-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yu-Dan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jian-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xue-Mei Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jian-Hua Miao
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Tian-Qi Liu
- Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jia-Xun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro Bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Dai Y, Ma S, Zhu Y, Gontcharov AA, Liu Y, Wang Q. Immunomodulatory Effect of Flammulina rossica Fermentation Extract on Healthy and Immunosuppressed Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:5825. [PMID: 37570797 PMCID: PMC10421243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Flammulina rossica fermentation extract (FREP) was obtained by ethanol precipitation of the fermentation broth. The molecular weight of FREP is 28.52 kDa, and it mainly contains active ingredients such as polysaccharides, proteins, reducing sugars, and 16 amino acids. Among them, the polysaccharides were mannose, glucose, galactose, arabinose, and fucose and possessed β-glycosidic bonds. Furthermore, the immunoregulatory activities of FREP were investigated in vivo. The results demonstrated that FREP could increase the counts of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in a dose-dependent manner in healthy mice. In addition, FREP significantly increased serum cytokines, including IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-6, IL-1β, INF-γ, C-rection protein, and TNF-α, and promoted splenocyte proliferation in healthy mice. Finally, FREP could restore the counts of white blood cells, red blood cells, secretory immunoglobulin A, and antibody-forming cells and significantly promote the serum haemolysin level in mice treated with cyclophosphamide. The findings indicated that FREP possessed immunoregulatory activity in healthy mice and could improve the immune functions in immunosuppressive mice. Therefore, FREP could be exploited as an immunomodulatory agent and potential immunotherapeutic medicine for patients with inadequate immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdi Dai
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.D.); (S.M.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.D.); (S.M.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.D.); (S.M.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Andrey A. Gontcharov
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, FEB RAS, 100-Letia Vladivostoka Prospect, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia;
| | - Yang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.D.); (S.M.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Y.D.); (S.M.); (Y.Z.)
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Chen JJ, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yuan XL, Wang J, Yang YM, Zheng Y. Transcriptome Analysis of Antrodia cinnamomea Mycelia from Different Wood Substrates. MYCOBIOLOGY 2023; 51:49-59. [PMID: 36846623 PMCID: PMC9946338 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2023.2175434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea, an edible and medicinal fungus with significant economic value and application prospects, is rich in terpenoids, benzenoids, lignans, polysaccharides, and benzoquinone, succinic and maleic derivatives. In this study, the transcriptome of A. cinnamomea cultured on the wood substrates of Cinnamomum glanduliferum (YZM), C. camphora (XZM), and C. kanehirae (NZM) was sequenced using the high-throughput sequencing technology Illumina HiSeq 2000, and the data were assembled by de novo strategy to obtain 78,729 Unigenes with an N50 of 4,463 bp. Compared with public databases, about 11,435, 6,947, and 5,994 Unigenes were annotated to the Non-Redundant (NR), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG), respectively. The comprehensive analysis of the mycelium terpene biosynthesis-related genes in A. cinnamomea revealed that the expression of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (AACT), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase (MVD), and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) was significantly higher on NZM compared to the other two wood substrates. Similarly, the expression of geranylgeranyltransferase (GGT) was significantly higher on YZM compared to NZM and XZM, and the expression of farnesyl transferase (FTase) was significantly higher on XZM. Furthermore, the expressions of 2,3-oxidized squalene cyclase (OCS), squalene synthase (SQS), and squalene epoxidase (SE) were significantly higher on NZM. Overall, this study provides a potential approach to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis in A. cinnamomea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Chen
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation, Development and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation, Development and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation, Development and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Long Yuan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation, Development and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Green Development, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Ming Yang
- Institute of Green Development, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Metabolomic Profiling of Different Antrodia cinnamomea Phenotypes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010097. [PMID: 36675918 PMCID: PMC9861778 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a precious medicinal fungus with numerous therapeutic benefits. Based on the color appearance of its fruiting bodies, AC can be divided into red AC (RAC), yellow AC (YAC), and white AC (WAC); however, the differences in their metabolomic profiles remain unknown. This study aimed to analyze the metabolomic profiles of three different AC phenotypes and examine their relationship to the color appearance of fruiting bodies. The results showed that although RAC, YAC, and WAC appear to have a relatively similar profile of index triterpenoids, their total triterpenoid contents were significantly different. Among the annotated triterpenoids, many of them were highly present in RAC but not in YAC and WAC, and the relative contents of the four ergostanes (antcamphin F, antcamphin L, antcin B, and antcin K) and one lanostane (versisponic acid D) were found to be significantly different among AC phenotypes. The metabolomic profiles of the AC fruiting bodies demonstrated a total of 140 metabolites, and 41 of them were very different among AC phenotypes. This study indicates that red, yellow, and white AC can biosynthesize the diverse structures of triterpenoids, and RAC possesses a relatively higher contents of triterpenoids and diverse unannotated metabolites than YAC and WAC.
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Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yuan XL, Luo YN, Luo MN, Zheng Y. Effects of Culture Mechanism of Cinnamomum kanehirae and C. camphora on the Expression of Genes Related to Terpene Biosynthesis in Antrodia cinnamomea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:121-131. [PMID: 35571860 PMCID: PMC9067962 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2059156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The rare edible and medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea has a substantial potential for development. In this study, Illumina HiSeq 2000 was used to sequence its transcriptome. The results were assembled de novo, and 66,589 unigenes with an N50 of 4413 bp were obtained. Compared with public databases, 6,061, 3,257, and 2,807 unigenes were annotated to the Non-Redundant, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases, respectively. The genes related to terpene biosynthesis in the mycelia of A. cinnamomea were analyzed, and acetyl CoA synthase (ACS2 and ACS4), hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR), farnesyl transferase (FTase), and squalene synthase (SQS) were found to be upregulated in XZJ (twig of C. camphora) and NZJ (twig of C. kanehirae). Moreover, ACS5 and 2,3-oxidized squalene cyclase (OCS) were highly expressed in NZJ, while heme IX farnesyl transferase (IX-FIT) and ACS3 were significantly expressed in XZJ. The differential expression of ACS1, ACS2, HMGR, IX-FIT, SQS, and OCS was confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. This study provides a new concept for the additional exploration of the molecular regulatory mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis and data for the biotechnology of terpenoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Long Yuan
- Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, The Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plants of State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Na Luo
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Ma-Niya Luo
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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Application of Multiple Strategies to Improve the Production of the Potential Cancer Drug 4-Acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB) by the Rare Fungus Antrodia cinnamomea. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2720-2730. [PMID: 35257317 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
4-Acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB) was identified in the rare fungus Antrodia cinnamomea and has been proven to be a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. But the extraction of 4-AAQB from the fruit body led to a low yield and limited its further application in the pharmaceutical field. In this work, 4-AAQB production was enhanced in the submerged fermentation by the combination of exogenous additives, surfactants with the in situ extractive fermentation. 4-Methylbenzoic acid was proven to be an efficient additive for the accumulation of 4-AAQB by Antrodia cinnamomea, while 2% (w/v) Tween-80 added on the first day as surfactant and 30% (w/v) oleic acid added on the sixteenth day as extractant were the most available couples for 4-AAQB production in the in situ extractive fermentation. The combination of these multiple strategies resulted in the yield of 4-AAQB to 17.27 mg/g dry cell weight with a titer of 140 mg/L, which was the highest titer of 4-AAQB reported so far. It showed that the combination of these strategies had a significant promotion on 4-AAQB production by A. cinnamomea, which laid a good foundation for its large-scale production and also provided a viable method for the cultivation of other rare fungi.
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Addition of Vegetable Oil to Improve Triterpenoids Production in Liquid Fermentation of Medicinal Fungus Antrodia cinnamomea. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110926. [PMID: 34829215 PMCID: PMC8622282 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The liquid fermentation of Antrodia cinnamomea is a promising alternative source for fungus production compared to the wildly grown fruiting body. Elicitation is a strong tool to enhance the productivity in microbial cells to obtain more compounds of interest. In this study, in order to improve the fungus growth and its terpenoids production, various vegetable oils were added in the fermentation broth of A. cinnamomea. It was found that corn oil from a group of vegetable oils exhibited the best effect on the biomass and triterpenoid content. After optimization, the initial addition of 1% (v/v) corn oil plus the inoculation of 10% (v/v) mycelia led to a maximum triterpenoid yield (532.3 mg L−1), which was increased as much as fourfold compared to the blank control. Differential transcriptome analysis demonstrated that corn oil significantly enriched several metabolic pathways including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, propanoate metabolism and transmembrane hydrophobins. The enriched pathways interacted with deferentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by corn oil treatment. Our research provides a potential strategy for the large production of triterpenoids by the improved fermentation of A. cinnamomea.
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Liu Y, Chen R, Li L, Dong R, Yin H, Wang Y, Yang A, Wang J, Li C, Wang D. The triterpenoids-enriched extracts from Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia attenuate alcohol-induced chronic liver injury via suppression lipid accumulation in C57BL/6 mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jiang X, Hao J, Liu Z, Ma X, Feng Y, Teng L, Li Y, Wang D. Anti-obesity effects of Grifola frondosa through the modulation of lipid metabolism via ceramide in mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2021; 12:6725-6739. [PMID: 34160500 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00666e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by massive fat deposition and is related to a series of metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance (IR) and steatohepatitis. Grifola frondosa (GF) is a basidiomycete fungus and a source of various nutritional ingredients related to human health. In this study, after a systematic analysis of its nutritional ingredients, GF was administered to mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to investigate its effects on lipid metabolism. In HFD-fed mice, GF significantly controlled the body weight, blood glucose and related organ indices, and effectively counteracted hyperlipidemia and IR triggered by the HFD. GF administration efficiently alleviated hepatic steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy, and regulated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the liver. An analysis of the intestinal microflora showed that GF reversed obesity-induced dysbiosis by affecting the relative abundance of certain bacteria, reducing lipopolysaccharide production and regulating the superpathway of heme biosynthesis associated with inflammation. According to the results of lipidomics, ceramide, a metabolite related to inflammation and IR, was found to be dysregulated in HFD-fed mice. However, GF regulated the ceramide levels and restored lipid metabolism via the suppression of Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-B signaling, which is involved in inflammation and IR. This study provides the experimental basis for the application of GF as an agent for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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12
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Kong F, Teng L, Zheng X, Liu X, Wang D. Triterpenoids Extracted From Antrodia cinnamomea Mycelia Attenuate Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in C57BL/6 Mice via Suppression Inflammatory Response. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1113. [PMID: 32719658 PMCID: PMC7350611 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption causes liver injury–induced mortality. Here we systematically analyzed the structure of triterpenoids extracted from Antrodia cinnamomea mycelia (ACT) and investigated their protective effects against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry were performed to determine the structures of ACT constituents. Alcohol-induced liver injury was generated in C57BL/6 mice by oral gavage of 13 g/kg white spirit (a wine at 56% ABV). Mice were treated with either silibinin or ACT for 2 weeks. Liver injury markers and pathological signaling were then quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, antibody array assays, and Western blots, and pathological examinations were performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and periodic acid–Schiff staining. Triterpenoids extracted from A. cinnamomea mycelia contain 25 types of triterpenoid compounds. A 2-weeks alcohol consumption treatment caused significant weight loss, liver dyslipidemia, and elevation of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in the serum and/or liver. These effects were markedly reversed after 2-weeks ACT administration. Triterpenoids extracted from A. cinnamomea mycelia alleviated the organ structural changes and inflammatory infiltration of alcohol-damaged tissues. Triterpenoids extracted from A. cinnamomea mycelia inhibited proinflammatory cytokine levels and enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine levels. Acute alcohol treatment promoted inflammation with significant correlations to hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), which was reduced by ACT and was partially related to modulation of the protein kinase B (Akt)/70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase phosphorylation (p70S6K) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. In conclusion, ACT protected against acute alcohol-induced liver damage in mice mainly through its suppression of the inflammatory response, which may be related to HIF-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhuqian Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fange Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xingkai Liu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Huang HW, Chen BY, Wang CY. Extraction of bioactive ingredients from fruiting bodies of Antrodia cinnamomea assisted by high hydrostatic pressure. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:3988-3997. [PMID: 31477970 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use high hydrostatic pressure treatment to enhance the extraction efficiency of the active components from the fruiting bodies of Antrodia cinnamomea, and compare with those obtained by shake and ultrasonic extraction methods. The conditions of high pressure extraction (HPE) at 600 MPa, a liquid/solid ratio of 40:1, and 3 min of treatment yielded triterpenoids and adenosine concentrations of 410.41 mg/100 mL and 0.47 mg/100 mL, respectively, which did not differ significantly from those with the two other treatments-shake extraction at 180 rpm for 8 h and ultrasonic extraction at 50 Hz for 60 min. The HPE extracts significantly attenuated reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells than shake extracts did. SEM micrographs revealed that high-pressure caused physical morphological damage to the mycelium of fruiting bodies, such as distortion and disruption of mycelial cells, and increased the mass-transfer effectiveness of the solvent and solute. HPE can be employed as an efficient extraction technique for production of bioactive ingredients that might have a potential application in food and related industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wen Huang
- 1Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Bang-Yuan Chen
- 2Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, 242 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wang
- 3Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, No. 64, Wenhua Rd, Huwei, 632 Yunlin Taiwan
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14
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Zhang BB, Guan YY, Hu PF, Chen L, Xu GR, Liu L, Cheung PCK. Production of bioactive metabolites by submerged fermentation of the medicinal mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea: recent advances and future development. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:541-554. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1577798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu-Yan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Peng-Fei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Gan-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Peter C. K. Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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15
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Chen SY, Lee YR, Hsieh MC, Omar HA, Teng YN, Lin CY, Hung JH. Enhancing the Anticancer Activity of Antrodia cinnamomea in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells via Cocultivation With Ginger: The Impact on Cancer Cell Survival Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:780. [PMID: 30072899 PMCID: PMC6058215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a medicinal fungal species that has been widely used traditionally in Taiwan for the treatment of diverse health-related conditions including cancer. It possesses potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in addition to its ability to promote cancer cell death in several human tumors. Our aim was to improve the anticancer activity of AC in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through its cocultivation with ginger aiming at tuning the active ingredients. HCC cell lines, Huh-7 and HepG2 were used to study the in vitro anticancer activity of the ethanolic extracts of AC (EAC) alone or after the cocultivation in presence of ginger (EACG). The results indicated that the cocultivation of AC with ginger significantly induced the production of important triterpenoids and EACG was significantly more potent than EAC in targeting HCC cell lines. EACG effectively inhibited cancer cells growth via the induction of cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induction of apoptosis in Huh-7 and HepG2 cells as indicated by MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, Annexin V assay, and the activation of caspase-3. In addition, EACG modulated cyclin proteins expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in favor of the inhibition of cancer cell survival. Taken together, the current study highlights an evidence that EACG is superior to EAC in targeting cancer cell survival and inducing apoptotic cell death in HCC. These findings support that EACG formula can serve as a potential candidate for HCC adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Yen-Ni Teng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Drug Discovery and Development Center, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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Antifatigue Potential Activity of Sarcodon imbricatus in Acute Excise-Treated and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Mice via Regulation of Nrf2-Mediated Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9140896. [PMID: 30050662 PMCID: PMC6046126 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9140896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sarcodon imbricatus (SI), a precious edible fungus, contains 35.22% of total sugar, 18.33% of total protein, 24 types of fatty acid, 16 types of amino acid, and 8 types of minerals. Encouragingly, it is rich in potential antioxidants such as total polyphenols (0.41%), total sterols (3.16%), and vitamins (0.44%). In the present study, the antifatigue properties of SI and its potential mechanisms of action were explored by the experiments on acute excise-treated mice and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) mice. SI (0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg) significantly enhanced exercise tolerance in the weight-loaded forced swimming test (FST) and rota-rod test (RRT) and reduced the immobility in the tail suspension test on CFS mice. SI markedly increased the levels of glycogen in the liver and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the liver and muscle and decreased the lactic acid (LD) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) content in both acute swimming-treated mice and CFS mice. SI improved the endogenous cellular antioxidant enzyme contents in the two mouse models by improving the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum, liver, and muscle, respectively. In CFS mice, the enhanced expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), SOD1, SOD2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and catalase (CAT) in the liver were observed after a 32-day SI administration. Our data indicated that SI possessed antifatigue activity, which may be related to its ability to normalize energy metabolism and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress. Consequently, SI can be expected to serve as a novel natural antifatigue supplement in health foods.
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17
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Zhang Y, Li D, Wang Z, Zang W, Rao P, Liang Y, Mei Y. Alpha-terpineol affects synthesis and antitumor activity of triterpenoids fromAntrodia cinnamomeamycelia in solid-state culture. Food Funct 2018; 9:6517-6525. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02079e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To enhance production ofAntrodia cinnamomeatriterpenoids (ACTs) from mycelia in solid-state culture, α-terpineol was added to the medium as an elicitor at an optimal concentration of 0.05 mL L−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Diying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Wanting Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Pan Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Yunxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Huazhong Agricultural University
- Wuhan 430070
- P. R. China
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18
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Antifatigue Effects of Antrodia cinnamomea Cultured Mycelium via Modulation of Oxidative Stress Signaling in a Mouse Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9374026. [PMID: 28424791 PMCID: PMC5382311 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9374026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea, a folk medicinal mushroom, has numerous biological effects. In this study, we aim to assess whether the antifatigue effects of A. cinnamomea mycelia (AC) and its underlying mechanisms are related to oxidative stress signaling using behavioral mouse models and biochemical indices detection. Mice were orally treated with AC at doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.9 g/kg for three weeks. AC had no effect on the spontaneous activities of mice indicating its safety on central nervous system. Furthermore, results obtained from weight-loaded forced swimming test, rotary rod test, and exhausted running test confirmed that AC significantly enhanced exercise tolerance of mice. Biochemical indices levels showed that these effects were closely correlated with inhibiting the depletion of glycogen and adenosine triphosphate stores, regulating oxidative stress-related parameters (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde) in serum, skeletal muscle, and liver of mice. Moreover, the effects of AC may be related with its regulation on the activations of AMP-activated protein kinase, protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin in liver and skeletal muscle of mice. Altogether, our data suggest that the antifatigue properties of AC may be one such modulation mechanism via oxidative stress-related signaling in mice.
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Hepatoprotective Effects of Antrodia cinnamomea: The Modulation of Oxidative Stress Signaling in a Mouse Model of Alcohol-Induced Acute Liver Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7841823. [PMID: 28337253 PMCID: PMC5350382 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7841823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the components of A. cinnamomea (AC) mycelia were systematically analyzed. Subsequently, its hepatoprotective effects and the underlying mechanisms were explored using a mouse model of acute alcohol-induced liver injury. AC contained 25 types of fatty acid, 16 types of amino acid, 3 types of nucleotide, and 8 types of mineral. The hepatoprotective effects were observed after 2 weeks of AC treatment at doses of 75 mg/kg, 225 mg/kg, and 675 mg/kg in the mouse model. These effects were indicated by the changes in the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, several oxidation-related factors, and inflammatory cytokines in serum and/or liver samples. AC reduced the incidence rate of necrosis, inflammatory infiltration, fatty droplets formation, and cell apoptosis in liver detecting via histological and TUNEL assay. In addition, AC reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-3, -8, and -9 and the levels of phosphor-protein kinase B (Akt) and phosphor-nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the liver samples. Collectively, AC-mediated hepatoprotective effects in a mouse model of acute alcohol-induced liver injury are the result of reduction in oxidative stress. This may be associated with Akt/NF-κB signaling. These results provide valuable evidence to support the use of A. cinnamomea as a functional food and/or medicine.
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Shu CH, Wu HJ, Ko YH, Lin WH, Jaiswal R. Effects of red light and addition of monoterpenes and tangerine oil on the production of biomass and triterpenoids of Antrodia cinnamomea in submerged cultures. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Hu YD, Zhang BB, Xu GR, Liao XR, Cheung PC. A mechanistic study on the biosynthetic regulation of bioactive metabolite Antroquinonol from edible and medicinal mushroom Antrodia camphorata. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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22
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The cultivation strategy of enhancing triterpenoid production in submerged cultures of Antrodia cinnamomea by adding monoterpenes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Lin YL, Lee YR, Tsao NW, Wang SY, Shaw JF, Chu FH. Characterization of the 2,3-Oxidosqualene Cyclase Gene from Antrodia cinnamomea and Enhancement of Cytotoxic Triterpenoid Compound Production. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1556-1562. [PMID: 26125648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea is a scarce, epiphyte, host-specific, brown-rot fungus that produces diverse bioactive compounds with potent biological activity. Natural wild-type fruiting bodies of A. cinnamomea are rare and highly valued, but their artificial culture poses challenges. Triterpenoids are a group of secondary metabolites that contribute to the bioactivities of A. cinnamomea. 2,3-Oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) is a key enzyme in triterpenoid biosynthesis, which converts 2,3-oxidosqualene (OS) into polycyclic triterpenoids. In this study, we isolated a 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase gene from A. cinnamomea with degenerate primers and designated it as AcOSC. The full length AcOSC cDNA was subcloned into a yeast expression vector, and AcOSC activity was confirmed. RT-PCR results showed that AcOSC expression was highest in the wild-type fruiting body and correlated with a higher concentration of triterpenoids. Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation was conducted to enhance the triterpenoid synthesis capacity of the cultured mycelium. Metabolite profiling was conducted by LC-MS/MS and principal component analysis (PCA). The compositions and contents of metabolites in the AcOSC transgenic lines were different from those in the wild-type mycelium and vector control. The levels of two important triterpenoids, dehydrosulphurenic acid (DSA) and dehydroeburicoic acid (DEA), were increased in A. cinnamomea oxidosqualene cyclase overexpression strains compared to controls. In summary an Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation procedure was established that successfully increased the level of transgene expression and enhanced the triterpenoid content in cultured A. cinnamomea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Liang Lin
- †School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lee
- †School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Tsao
- ‡Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichun, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- ‡Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichun, Taiwan
- §Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- ⊥Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jei-Fu Shaw
- ∥Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hua Chu
- †School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- #Experimental Forest, National Taiwan University, Nan-Tou, Taiwan
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