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Cuzziol Boccioni AP, Peltzer PM, Attademo AM, Leiva L, Colussi CL, Repetti MR, Russell-White K, Di Conza N, Lajmanovich RC. High toxicity of agro-industrial wastewater on aquatic fauna of a South American stream: Mortality of aquatic turtles and amphibian tadpoles as bioindicators of environmental health. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11010. [PMID: 38433361 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize an aquatic system of Santa Fe province (Argentina) receiving wastewater from agro-industrial activities (mainly dairy) by in situ assessment (fauna mortality, physicochemical, microbiological, and pesticide residues measurement), and ecotoxicity bioassays on amphibian tadpoles. Water and sediment samples were obtained from the Los Troncos Stream (LTS), previous to the confluence with the "San Carlos" drainage channel (SCC), and from the SCC. Biological parameters (mortality and sublethal biomarkers) were used to evaluate ecotoxicity during 10-day exposure of Rhinella arenarum tadpoles to LTS and SCC samples. Nine pesticides were detected in both LTS and SCC. Chemical and biochemical oxygen demand, ammonia, and coliform count recorded in SCC greatly exceeded limits for aquatic life protection. At SCC and LTS after the confluence with SCC, numerous dying and dead aquatic turtles (Phrynops hilarii) were recorded. In the ecotoxicity assessment, no mortality of tadpoles was observed in LTS treatment, whereas total mortality (100%) was observed in SCC treatments in dilution higher than 50% of water and sediment. For SCC, median lethal concentration and the 95% confidence limits was 18.30% (14.71-22.77) at 24 h; lowest-observed and no-observed effect concentrations were 12.5% and 6.25%, respectively. Oxidative stress and neurotoxicity were observed in tadpoles exposed to 25% SCC dilution treatment. In addition, there was a large genotoxic effect (micronuclei test) in all sublethal SCC dilution treatments (6.25%, 12.5%, and 25%). These results alert about the high environmental quality deterioration and high ecotoxicity for aquatic fauna of aquatic ecosystems affected by agro-industrial wastewater. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Great mortality of turtles was observed in a basin with a high load of agro-industrial wastewater. San Carlos Channel (SCC), where effluents are spilled, is environmentally deteriorated. The water-sediment matrix of SCC caused 100% lethality in tadpoles. SCC dilutions caused neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity on tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Cuzziol Boccioni
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Paola M Peltzer
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Attademo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Leiva
- Museo Provincial de Ciencias Naturales Florentino Ameghino, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carlina L Colussi
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María R Repetti
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos. Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Karen Russell-White
- Cátedras de Microbiología General y Principios de Biotecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Noelia Di Conza
- Cátedras de Microbiología General y Principios de Biotecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rafael C Lajmanovich
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Hutchinson M, Duc HM, Flory GA, Ngan PH, Son HM, Hoa TTK, Lan NT, Rozeboom DW, Remmenga MD, Vuolo M, Miknis R, Miller LP, Burns A, Flory R. Static Aerated Composting of African Swine Fever Virus-Infected Swine Carcasses with Rice Hulls and Sawdust. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050721. [PMID: 37242391 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying and ensuring the inactivation of the African Swine Fever virus in deadstock is a gap in the swine industry's knowledge and response capabilities. The results of our study demonstrate that ASFv in deadstock was inactivated using static aerated composting as the carcass disposal method. Replicated compost piles with whole market hogs and two different carbon sources were constructed. In-situ bags containing ASFv-infected spleen tissue were placed alongside each of the carcasses and throughout the pile. The bags were extracted at days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 144 for ASFv detection and isolation. Real-time PCR results showed that DNA of ASFv was detected in all samples tested on day 28. The virus concentration identified through virus isolation was found to be below the detection limit by day 3 in rice hulls and by day 7 in sawdust. Given the slope of the decay, near-zero concentration with 99.9% confidence occurred at 5.0 days in rice hulls and at 6.4 days in sawdust. Additionally, the result of virus isolation also showed that the virus in bone marrow samples collected at 28 days was inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hutchinson
- Maine Food and Agriculture Center, University of Maine Cooperative Extension, Orono, ME 04473, USA
| | - Hoang Minh Duc
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Gary A Flory
- G.A. Flory Consulting, Mt. Crawford, VA 22841, USA
| | - Pham Hong Ngan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Son
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Khanh Hoa
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Lan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Dale W Rozeboom
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Marta D Remmenga
- Center for Epidemiolgy and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Matthew Vuolo
- Center for Epidemiolgy and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Robert Miknis
- Center for Epidemiolgy and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Lori P Miller
- Center for Epidemiolgy and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Amira Burns
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Renée Flory
- English Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Li R, Zhao L, Yao A, Li Z, Wu F, Ding X, An H, Ye H, Zhang Y, Li H. A paraffin-wax-infused porous membrane with thermo-responsive properties for fouling-release microfiltration. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang Y, Pandey PK, Kuppu S, Pereira R, Aly S, Zhang R. Degradation of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile gene elements in dairy manure anerobic digestion. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254836. [PMID: 34432793 PMCID: PMC8386849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging contaminants causing serious global health concern. Interventions to address this concern include improving our understanding of methods for treating waste material of human and animal origin that are known to harbor ARGs. Anaerobic digestion is a commonly used process for treating dairy manure, and although effective in reducing ARGs, its mechanism of action is not clear. In this study, we used three ARGs to conducted a longitudinal bench scale anaerobic digestion experiment with various temperatures (28, 36, 44, and 52°C) in triplicate using fresh dairy manure for 30 days to evaluate the reduction of gene abundance. Three ARGs and two mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were studied: sulfonamide resistance gene (sulII), tetracycline resistance genes (tetW), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) superfamily resistance genes (ermF), class 1 integrase gene (intI1), and transposase gene (tnpA). Genes were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. Results show that the thermophilic anaerobic digestion (52°C) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the absolute abundance of sulII (95%), intI1 (95%), tnpA (77%) and 16S rRNA gene (76%) after 30 days of digestion. A modified Collins–Selleck model was used to fit the decay curve, and results suggest that the gene reduction during the startup phase of anaerobic digestion (first 5 days) was faster than the later stage, and reductions in the first five days were more than 50% for most genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Pramod K. Pandey
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sundaram Kuppu
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Richard Pereira
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sharif Aly
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Addition of Activated Carbon into a Cattle Diet to Mitigate GHG Emissions and Improve Production. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13158254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the most problematic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of ruminant livestock is methane (CH4), with a global warming potential 25 times that of carbon dioxide. This work considers the emissions and production effects of powdered activated carbon (PAC) at 0.5% by dry matter (DM) on methanogenic rumen flora as the major source of dairy cattle enteric methane emissions. In total, 180 dairy cattle located in Brymaroo, Queensland (QLD), Australia, were studied in a three-cycle repeated measures ANOVA format with a 4 week primary interval. Emissions eructated during milking and in faecal deposits were measured, and in addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to determine the collective populations of prokaryotic bacteria and archaea as well methanogenic communities for each treatment. Moreover, 0.5% PAC addition reduced CH4 emissions by 30–40% and CO2 emissions by 10%, while improving daily milk production by 3.43%, milk protein by 2.63% and milk fat by 6.32%, on average for the herd (p < 0.001 in all cases). rRNA gene sequencing showed populations of methanogenic flora decreased by 30% on average with a corresponding increase in the nonmethanogenic species. We strongly advocate further on-farm trials with the dietary addition of PAC in ruminant diets to mitigate emissions while maintaining or improving productivity.
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Macedo G, van Veelen HPJ, Hernandez-Leal L, van der Maas P, Heederik D, Mevius D, Bossers A, Schmitt H. Targeted metagenomics reveals inferior resilience of farm soil resistome compared to soil microbiome after manure application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145399. [PMID: 33736375 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Application of animal manure to soils results in the introduction of manure-derived bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) into soils. ResCap is a novel targeted-metagenomic approach that allows the detection of minority components of the resistome gene pool without the cost-prohibitive coverage depths and can provide a valuable tool to study the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment. We used high-throughput sequencing and qPCR for 16S rRNA gene fragments as well as ResCap to explore the dynamics of bacteria, and ARGs introduced to soils and adjacent water ditches, both at community and individual scale, over a period of three weeks. The soil bacteriome and resistome showed strong resilience to the input of manure, as manuring did not impact the overall structure of the bacteriome, and its effects on the resistome were transient. Initially, manure application resulted in a substantial increase of ARGs in soils and adjacent waters, while not affecting the overall bacterial community composition. Still, specific families increased after manure application, either through the input of manure (e.g., Dysgonomonadaceae) or through enrichment after manuring (e.g., Pseudomonadaceae). Depending on the type of ARG, manure application resulted mostly in an increase (e.g., aph(6)-Id), but occasionally also in a decrease (e.g., dfrB3) of the absolute abundance of ARG clusters (FPKM/kg or L). This study shows that the structures of the bacteriome and resistome are shaped by different factors, where the bacterial community composition could not explain the changes in ARG diversity or abundances. Also, it highlights the potential of applying targeted metagenomic techniques, such as ResCap, to study the fate of AMR in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Macedo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - H Pieter J van Veelen
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Lucia Hernandez-Leal
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Maas
- Van Hall Larenstein, University of Applied Sciences, Agora 1, 8901 BV Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Dick Heederik
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584, CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dik Mevius
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Bossers
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584, CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Infection Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Tápparo DC, Viancelli A, Amaral ACD, Fongaro G, Steinmetz RLR, Magri ME, Barardi CRM, Kunz A. Sanitary effectiveness and biogas yield by anaerobic co-digestion of swine carcasses and manure. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:682-690. [PMID: 30080477 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1508256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure and swine carcasses for biogas yield and inactivation/behaviour of pathogens purpose. Biochemical Methane Production tests were performed with samples containing ratios of 3, 7.5 and 15 kgcarcass m-3 manure. For pathogens inactivation experiments known amounts of model microrganisms (sensitive and resistant) were artificially inoculated in anaerobic reactors at 24°C and 37°C. The addition of carcass resulted in an increase until 119% of biogas yield compared to swine manure mono-digestion. Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and PCV2 were reduced >3log10 (24°C or 37°C) during 30 days. At 37°C, MS2 and PhiX-174 were reduced 3log10 and 1.8log10, respectively. At 24°C, MS2 reduced 1.5 log10 and PhiX-174 did not present any decay over 30 days. Considering the most resistant biomarkers pathogens, as bacteriophage, we recommend the swine carcasses pre-treatment, such as high temperatures, for sanitary security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - PPGBB, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - PPGCTA, Erechim, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Elisa Magri
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - PPGBB, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Airton Kunz
- Western Paraná State University - UNIOESTE/CCET/PGEAGRI, Cascavel, Brazil
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Brazil
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Thomas C, Idler C, Ammon C, Herrmann C, Amon T. Inactivation of ESBL-/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli during mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 84:74-82. [PMID: 30691915 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The high prevalence of extended-spectrum-ß-lactamase (ESBL)-/AmpC-producing Escherichia (E.) coli in European broiler farms leads to the possible dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains into the environment using contaminated feces as organic fertilizer. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of temperature on the reduction kinetics of two artificially added ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli strains during lab-scale mesophilic (37 °C, 42 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. The decimal reduction times (D-value) were approximately 3-6 days at 37 °C, 1.5 days at 42 °C and 48 min at 55 °C. Starting with initial E. coli counts of 7 log10 colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter, both E. coli strains were below the detection limit after 35 days at all temperatures; however, at 37 °C and 42 °C, ESBL-producing E. coli were still partially detectable by enrichment. Temperature and retention time were the main inactivation factors. No direct correlation could be found between pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) or ammonia (NH3) and E. coli reduction. D-values were predicted for several temperatures between 37 °C and 55 °C and may help define time-temperature guidelines. Thermophilic digestion is an adequate method to rapidly inactivate ESBL-producing E. coli in chicken manure. At mesophilic temperatures, however, strict compliance of retention times and the prevention of short-circuiting become essential to gain an ESBL-producing E. coli free digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Thomas
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Christine Idler
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Christian Ammon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Christiane Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Thomas Amon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Free University Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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Pandey P, Chiu C, Miao M, Wang Y, Settles M, del Rio NS, Castillo A, Souza A, Pereira R, Jeannotte R. 16S rRNA analysis of diversity of manure microbial community in dairy farm environment. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190126. [PMID: 29304047 PMCID: PMC5755784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy farms generate a considerable amount of manure, which is applied in cropland as fertilizer. While the use of manure as fertilizer reduces the application of chemical fertilizers, the main concern with regards to manure application is microbial pollution. Manure is a reservoir of a broad range of microbial populations, including pathogens, which have potential to cause contamination and pose risks to public and animal health. Despite the widespread use of manure fertilizer, the change in microbial diversity of manure under various treatment processes is still not well-understood. We hypothesize that the microbial population of animal waste changes with manure handling used in a farm environment. Consequential microbial risk caused by animal manure may depend on manure handling. In this study, a reconnaissance effort for sampling dairy manure in California Central Valley followed by 16S rRNA analysis of content and diversity was undertaken to understand the microbiome of manure after various handling processes. The microbial community analysis of manure revealed that the population in liquid manure differs from that in solid manure. For instance, the bacteria of genus Sulfuriomonas were unique in liquid samples, while the bacteria of genus Thermos were observed only in solid samples. Bacteria of genus Clostridium were present in both solid and liquid samples. The population among liquid samples was comparable, as was the population among solid samples. These findings suggest that the mode of manure application (i.e., liquid versus solid) could have a potential impact on the microbiome of cropland receiving manure as fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Pandey
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PP); (RJ)
| | - Colleen Chiu
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Max Miao
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew Settles
- Genome Center Bioinformatics Core, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Noelia Silva del Rio
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, California, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Castillo
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Alex Souza
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Tulare, California, United States of America
| | - Richard Pereira
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Richard Jeannotte
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
- * E-mail: (PP); (RJ)
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Limayem A, Micciche A, Nayak B, Mohapatra S. Prokaryotic community profiling of local algae wastewaters using advanced 16S rRNA gene sequencing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:704-711. [PMID: 29063392 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Algae biomass-fed wastewaters are a promising source of lipid and bioenergy manufacture, revealing substantial end-product investment returns. However, wastewaters would contain lytic pathogens carrying drug resistance detrimental to algae yield and environmental safety. This study was conducted to simultaneously decipher through high-throughput advanced Illumina 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, the cultivable and uncultivable bacterial community profile found in a single sample that was directly recovered from the local wastewater systems. Samples were collected from two previously documented sources including anaerobically digested (AD) municipal wastewater and swine wastewater with algae namely Chlorella spp. in addition to control samples, swine wastewater, and municipal wastewater without algae. Results indicated the presence of a significant level of Bacteria in all samples with an average of approximately 95.49% followed by Archaea 2.34%, in local wastewaters designed for algae cultivation. Taxonomic genus identification indicated the presence of Calothrix, Pseudomonas, and Clostridium as the most prevalent strains in both local municipal and swine wastewater samples containing algae with an average of 17.37, 12.19, and 7.84%, respectively. Interestingly, swine wastewater without algae displayed the lowest level of Pseudomonas strains < 0.1%. The abundance of some Pseudomonas species in wastewaters containing algae indicates potential coexistence between these strains and algae microenvironment, suggesting further investigations. This finding was particularly relevant for the earlier documented adverse effects of some nosocomial Pseudomonas strains on algae growth and their multidrug resistance potential, requiring the development of targeted bioremediation with regard to the beneficial flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya Limayem
- Department of Graduate Studies and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
- Division of Translational Medicine, Center for Education in Nanobioengineering, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Andrew Micciche
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bina Nayak
- Pinellas County Utilities, Water Quality Division, Largo, FL, USA
| | - Shyam Mohapatra
- Division of Translational Medicine, Center for Education in Nanobioengineering, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, USA
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, USA
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Costa A, Gusmara C, Gardoni D, Zaninelli M, Tambone F, Sala V, Guarino M. The effect of anaerobic digestion and storage on indicator microorganisms in swine and dairy manure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24135-24146. [PMID: 28884271 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the influence of anaerobic digestion and storage on indicator microorganisms in swine and dairy excreta. Samples were collected every 90 days for 15 months at eight farms, four pig, and four dairy farms, four of them having a biogas plant. Moreover, to evaluate storage effects on samples, 20 l of manure and slurry taken at each farm (digested manure only in farms with a biogas plant) were stored in a controlled climatic chamber at 18 °C, for 6 months. The bacterial load and the chemical-physical characteristics of excreta were evaluated at each sampling time, stored slurry, and manure were sampled and analyzed every 2 months. A high variability of the concentration of bacteria in the different excreta types was observed during the experiment, mainly depending on the type and time of treatment. No sample revealed either the presence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 or of Salmonella, usually linked to the temporary rearing of infected animals in facilities. Anaerobic digestion and storage affected in a significant way the reduction of indicator bacteria like lactobacilli, coliforms, and streptococci. Anaerobic digestion lowered coliforms in pig slurry (- 2.80 log, P < 0.05), streptococci in dairy manure (- 2.44 log, P < 0.001) and in pig slurry (- 1.43 log, P < 0.05), and lactobacilli in pig slurry (- 3.03 log, P < 0.05). Storage lowered coliforms and the other indicators counts, in particular in fresh wastes, while clostridia did not show a reduction in concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Costa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria, 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudia Gusmara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria, 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Gardoni
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria, 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Zaninelli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Tambone
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sala
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria, 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Guarino
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, via Celoria, 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Pandey P, Shi J. Assessing Nutrient Removal Kinetics in Flushed Manure Using Chlorella vulgaris Biomass Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:43. [PMID: 28798913 PMCID: PMC5529338 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of dairy wastewater for producing algal biomass is seen as a two-fold opportunity to treat wastewater and produce algae biomass, which can be potentially used for production of biofuels. In animal agriculture system, one of the major waste streams is dairy manure that contains high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Furthermore, it is produced abundantly in California's dairy industry, as well as many other parts of the world. We hypothesized that flushed manure, wastewater from a dairy farm, can be used as a potential feedstock after pretreatment to grow Chlorella vulgaris biomass and to reduce nutrients of manure. In this study, we focused on investigating the use of flushed manure, produced in a dairy farm for growing C. vulgaris biomass. A series of batch-mode experiments, fed with manure feedstock and synthetic medium, were conducted and corresponding C. vulgaris production was analyzed. Impacts of varying levels of sterilized manure feedstock (SMF) and synthetic culture medium (SCM) (20-100%) on biomass production, and consequential changes in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were determined. C. vulgaris production data (Shi et al., 2016) were fitted into a model (Aslan and Kapdan, 2006) for calculating kinetics of TN and TP removal. Results showed that the highest C. vulgaris biomass production occurs, when SMF and SCM were mixed with ratio of 40%:60%. With this mixture, biomass on Day 9 was increased by 1,740% compared to initial biomass; and on Day 30, it was increased by 2,456.9%. The production was relatively low, when either only SCM or manure feedstock medium (without pretreatment, i.e., no sterilization) was used as a culture medium. On this ratio, TN and TP were reduced by 29.9 and 12.3% on Day 9, and these reductions on Day 30 were 76 and 26.9%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Pandey
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Fate and Persistence of a Pathogenic NDM-1-Positive Escherichia coli Strain in Anaerobic and Aerobic Sludge Microcosms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00640-17. [PMID: 28411227 PMCID: PMC5479002 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00640-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of emerging biological pollutants in treated wastewater effluents has gained attention due to increased interest in water reuse. To evaluate the effectiveness of the removal of such contaminants by the conventional wastewater treatment process, the fate and decay kinetics of NDM-1-positive Escherichia coli strain PI7 and its plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were assessed in microcosms of anaerobic and aerobic sludge. Results showed that E. coli PI7 decayed at a significantly lower rate under anaerobic conditions. Approximate half-lives were 32.4 ± 1.4 h and 5.9 ± 0.9 h in the anaerobic and aerobic microcosms, respectively. In the aerobic microcosms, after 72 h of operation, E. coli PI7 remained detectable, but no further decay was observed. Instead, 1 in every 10,000 E. coli cells was identified to be recalcitrant to decay and persist indefinitely in the sludge. ARGs associated with the E. coli PI7 strain were detected to have transferred to other native microorganisms in the sludge or were released to the liquid fraction upon host decay. Extracellular DNA quickly degraded in the liquid fraction of the aerobic sludge. In contrast, no DNA decay was detected in the anaerobic sludge water matrix throughout the 24-h sampling period. This study suggests an increased likelihood of environmental dispersion of ARGs associated with anaerobically treated wastewater effluents and highlights the potential importance of persister cells in the dissemination of E. coli in the environment during reuse events of treated wastewater. IMPORTANCE This study examines the decay kinetics of a pathogenic and antibiotic resistant strain of Escherichia coli in microcosms simulating biological treatment units of aerobic and anaerobic sludge. The results of this study point at a significantly prolonged persistence of the E. coli and the associated antibiotic resistance gene in the anaerobic sludge. However, horizontal transfer of the plasmid encoding the antibiotic resistance gene was detected in the aerobic sludge by a cultivation method. A subpopulation of persister E. coli cells was also detected in the aerobic sludge. The findings of this study suggest potential areas of concern arising from pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant E. coli during both anaerobic and aerobic sludge treatment processes.
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Pandey P, Cao W, Wang Y, Vaddella V. Predicting Salmonella Typhimurium reductions in poultry ground carcasses. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2640-2646. [PMID: 27466432 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve understanding of Salmonella Typhimurium LT2 inactivation in ground poultry carcasses, a series of experiments were carried out at multiple temperatures. Subsequently, a non-linear model was developed to predict Salmonella inactivation at composting and low rendering temperatures. The Salmonella inactivation study was conducted using bench-top experiments at 38, 48, 55, 62.5, 70, and 78°C in mixed and non-mixed reactors using ground poultry carcasses as a feedstock. Subsequently, these observations were used for developing a non-linear model. The model predictions were compared with the observations of a different set of experiments. The comparisons among predictions and observations showed that the model predictions are reasonable and can be useful to determine the time required for Salmonella inactivation in poultry carcasses at multiple temperatures. Results showed that at composting conditions, when temperature varies between 48 and 62.5°C, Salmonella survival can prolong between 10,000 and 25,000 min (7 to 17 d). If ambient temperature is maintained at low temperature rendering range (70 to 78°C), then Salmonella survival can last for 90 to 120 minutes. We anticipate that this study will help in improving the existing understanding of Salmonella survival in poultry carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pandey
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine Extension, University of California, Davis Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Cooperative Extension, Davis
| | - W Cao
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine Extension, University of California, Davis Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine Extension, University of California, Davis Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | - V Vaddella
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine Extension, University of California, Davis
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Kinyua MN, Trimmer J, Izurieta R, Cunningham J, Ergas SJ. Viability and fate of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in tubular anaerobic digesters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 554-555:167-177. [PMID: 26950630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In many developing countries where pathogenic diseases of animal waste origin, such as giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, are often prevalent, facilities are limited to treat livestock waste. However, household-scale anaerobic digesters are currently being promoted for bioenergy production from livestock manure. Since the effluent is often used as a fertilizer for food crops, it is critical to understand the effect of environmental conditions within household-scale digesters on the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts. In this study, key environmental parameters affecting (oo)cyst inactivation were measured in four tubular anaerobic digesters, which are a type of household-scale digester promoted for treatment of swine waste in rural Costa Rica. Interviews and participant observations were used to understand digester operation and maintenance procedures. Ambient temperatures (21-24°C), near-neutral pH, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations<250 mg/L and hydraulic retention times (HRTs) between 23 and 180 days were observed. Laboratory (oo)cysts inactivation studies were performed in bench-scale digesters, which were maintained under conditions similar to those observed in the field. Apparent first-order inactivation rate coefficients for Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum were 0.155 ± 0.041 and 0.054 ± 0.006 day(-1), respectively. Temperature and volatile fatty acids were the main factors contributing to Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia inactivation. A mathematical model was developed that predicts the concentration of (oo)cysts in the liquid effluent of tubular digesters like those observed in Costa Rica. A mathematical model was developed that predicts the concentration of (oo)cysts in the liquid effluent of tubular digesters like those observed in Costa Rica. Two dimensionless groups can be used to predict the performance of the digesters for inactivating pathogens; both dimensionless groups depend upon the average HRT in the digester. This is the first study to combine mathematical modeling with qualitative analysis, field and laboratory studies to predict the concentrations of (oo)cysts in tubular digester effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen N Kinyua
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
| | - John Trimmer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
| | - Ricardo Izurieta
- Department of Global Health, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave CPH 1127, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
| | - Jeffrey Cunningham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
| | - Sarina J Ergas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Ave ENB 118, Tampa, FL 33620, United States.
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Shi J, Pandey PK, Franz AK, Deng H, Jeannotte R. Chlorella vulgaris production enhancement with supplementation of synthetic medium in dairy manure wastewater. AMB Express 2016; 6:15. [PMID: 26897534 PMCID: PMC4761362 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify innovative ways for better utilizing flushed dairy manure wastewater, we have assessed the effect of dairy manure and supplementation with synthetic medium on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris. A series of experiments were carried out to study the impacts of pretreatment of dairy wastewater and the benefits of supplementing dairy manure wastewater with synthetic medium on C. vulgaris growth increment and the ultrastructure (chloroplast, starch, lipid, and cell wall) of C. vulgaris cells. Results showed that the biomass production of C. vulgaris in dairy wastewater can be enhanced by pretreatment and using supplementation with synthetic media. A recipe combining pretreated dairy wastewater (40 %) and synthetic medium (60 %) exhibited an improved growth of C. vulgaris. The effects of dairy wastewater on the ultrastructure of C. vulgaris cells were distinct compared to that of cells grown in synthetic medium. The C. vulgaris growth in both synthetic medium and manure wastewater without supplementing synthetic medium was lower than the growth in dairy manure supplemented with synthetic medium. We anticipate that the results of this study will help in deriving an enhanced method of coupling nutrient-rich dairy manure wastewater for biofuel production.
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