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Hutchinson M, Duc HM, Flory GA, Ngan PH, Son HM, Hoa TTK, Lan NT, Rozeboom DW, Remmenga MD, Vuolo M, Miknis R, Miller LP, Burns A, Flory R. Static Aerated Composting of African Swine Fever Virus-Infected Swine Carcasses with Rice Hulls and Sawdust. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050721. [PMID: 37242391 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying and ensuring the inactivation of the African Swine Fever virus in deadstock is a gap in the swine industry's knowledge and response capabilities. The results of our study demonstrate that ASFv in deadstock was inactivated using static aerated composting as the carcass disposal method. Replicated compost piles with whole market hogs and two different carbon sources were constructed. In-situ bags containing ASFv-infected spleen tissue were placed alongside each of the carcasses and throughout the pile. The bags were extracted at days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 144 for ASFv detection and isolation. Real-time PCR results showed that DNA of ASFv was detected in all samples tested on day 28. The virus concentration identified through virus isolation was found to be below the detection limit by day 3 in rice hulls and by day 7 in sawdust. Given the slope of the decay, near-zero concentration with 99.9% confidence occurred at 5.0 days in rice hulls and at 6.4 days in sawdust. Additionally, the result of virus isolation also showed that the virus in bone marrow samples collected at 28 days was inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hutchinson
- Maine Food and Agriculture Center, University of Maine Cooperative Extension, Orono, ME 04473, USA
| | - Hoang Minh Duc
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Gary A Flory
- G.A. Flory Consulting, Mt. Crawford, VA 22841, USA
| | - Pham Hong Ngan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Son
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Khanh Hoa
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Lan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12400, Vietnam
| | - Dale W Rozeboom
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Marta D Remmenga
- Center for Epidemiolgy and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Matthew Vuolo
- Center for Epidemiolgy and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Robert Miknis
- Center for Epidemiolgy and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Lori P Miller
- Center for Epidemiolgy and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Amira Burns
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Renée Flory
- English Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Duc HM, Hutchinson M, Flory GA, Ngan PH, Son HM, Hung LV, Hoa TTK, Lan NT, Lam TQ, Rozeboom D, Remmenga MD, Vuolo M, Miknis R, Burns A, Flory R. Viability of African Swine Fever Virus with the Shallow Burial with Carbon Carcass Disposal Method. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040628. [PMID: 37111514 PMCID: PMC10140975 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious swine disease with high mortality. In many countries, culling pigs infected and exposed to the ASF virus is mandatory to control the disease, which poses a real challenge in the disposal of large numbers of carcasses during ASF outbreaks. Shallow burial with carbon (SBC) Thanks ew mortality disposal method developed from deep burial and composting. The present study investigates the effectiveness of SBC in disposing of ASF virus-infected pigs. The real-time PCR results showed that DNA of the ASF virus was still detected in bone marrow samples on day 56, while the virus isolation test revealed that the infectious ASF virus was destroyed in both spleen and bone marrow samples on day 5. Interestingly, decomposition was found to occur rapidly in these shallow burial pits. On day 144, only large bones were found in the burial pit. In general, the results of this study indicated that SBC is a potential method for the disposal of ASF-infected carcasses; however, further studies are needed to provide more scientific evidence for the efficacy of SBC in different environment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Minh Duc
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12406, Vietnam
| | - Mark Hutchinson
- Maine Food and Agriculture Center, University of Maine Cooperative Extension, Orono, ME 04473, USA
| | - Gary A Flory
- G.A. Flory Consulting, Mt. Crawford, VA 22841, USA
| | - Pham Hong Ngan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12406, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Son
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12406, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Hung
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12406, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Khanh Hoa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12406, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Lan
- Department of Pathoglogy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12406, Vietnam
| | - Truong Quang Lam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi 12406, Vietnam
| | - Dale Rozeboom
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University Cooperative Extension, Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Marta D Remmenga
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Matthew Vuolo
- Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Veterinary Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Robert Miknis
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Amira Burns
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Renée Flory
- English Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Duc HM, Ngan PH, Son HM, Lan NT, Van Hung L, Ha CTT, Hoa NT, Lam TQ, Van Thang N, Flory GA, Hutchinson M. The use of composting for the disposal of African swine fever virus infected swine carcasses. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3036-e3044. [PMID: 35830975 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) has been considered as one of the most important and devastating swine diseases with high mortality rates. Since effective vaccines and treatment are not available, mass euthanasia of infected and exposed pigs has been known to be the best measure to control ASF. Although composting has been proved to be a safe method for the rapid disposal of animal carcasses during outbreaks, there is no information about the effect of composting on the viability of ASF virus in swine carcasses. This study investigates the survival of the ASF virus in swine carcasses during composting. The findings suggested that the DNA of the ASF virus was detected in all samples tested. On the contrary, infectious ASF virus particles were rapidly destroyed at day 3. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Minh Duc
- Head, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hong Ngan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Son
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Lan
- Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Van Hung
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cam Thi Thu Ha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Truong Quang Lam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Thang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National Univeristy of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Gary A Flory
- President, Director of Operations, G.A. Flory Consulting, Mt. Crawford, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark Hutchinson
- Extension Professor, University of Maine Cooperative Extension, Orono, Maine, USA
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Kim H, Son HM, Lee HK. Characterization of bio-adsorptive removal performance of strontium through ureolysis-mediated bio-mineralization. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132586. [PMID: 34718026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The adsorptive removal performance of strontium (Sr) through bio-mineralization metabolism under various parameters was evaluated in this study. The primary mechanism of bio-mineralization used in this study was the urea hydrolysis process through bacterial enzymatic catalysis. Bacillus sp, which was isolated from river sediment, was used as a ureolytic bacteria. Various environmental conditions were set as different initial concentrations of Sr (10, 50, 100, 200, and 500 mg/L), and various ratios of Mg/Ca (4, 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.25). The concentrations of Sr2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the solution of the batch experiment were measured to identify the bio-mineralization performance and the removal rate of Sr. In addition, the main Sr removal mechanism of ureolytic bacteria was identified. As a result, for Sr removal of bacteria, the bio-mineralization mechanism was more predominant than the adsorption of Sr. The rapid growth and high nucleation site production were observed when the initial concentration of Sr2+ increased and the Mg/Ca ratio was lowered, resulting in high biomineralization performance and Sr removal rate. The main phases of carbonate minerals formed in the presence of Sr, Ca, and Mg were SrCO3 and SrCa(CO3)2. Mg2+ could retard the bacterial growth and participate in the formation of carbonate minerals, when a large amount of Mg2+ was present. Furthermore, the desorption rate of Sr2+ from bacterial pastes containing the carbonate minerals increased as the concentration of HCl increased, although the carbonate minerals were in a stable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - H M Son
- Device Solutions, Samsung Electronics, Samsungjeonja-ro 1, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18448, South Korea
| | - H K Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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Duc HM, Son HM, Yi HPS, Sato J, Ngan PH, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Isolation, characterization and application of a polyvalent phage capable of controlling Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in different food matrices. Food Res Int 2020; 131:108977. [PMID: 32247506 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 are the most important foodborne pathogens, causing serious food poisoning outbreaks worldwide. Bacteriophages are increasingly considered as novel antibacterial agents to control foodborne pathogens. In this study, 8 Salmonella phages and 10 E. coli O157:H7 phages were isolated from chicken products. A polyvalent phage PS5 capable of infecting S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and E. coli O157:H7 was further characterized and its efficacy in reducing these foodborne pathogens was evaluated in in vitro and in foods. Morphology, one-step growth, and stability assay showed that phage PS5 was a myovirus, with relatively short latent periods, large burst sizes, and high stability. Genome sequencing analysis revealed that the genome of PS5 does not contain any genes associated to antibiotic resistance, toxins, lysogeny, and virulence factors. In broth, phage PS5 significantly decreased the viable counts of all the three bacterial hosts by more than 1.3 log CFU/mL compared to controls after 2 h of incubation at 4 °C and 24 °C. In foods, treatment with PS5 also resulted in significant reductions of viable counts of all the three bacterial hosts compared to controls at temperatures tested. This is the first report on single phage capable of simultaneously controlling S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 in both in vitro and in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Minh Duc
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University. 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Hoang Minh Son
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University. 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hazel Pang Shu Yi
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University. 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Jun Sato
- Safety Science Research, R&D, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-Machi, Haga-Gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Pham Hong Ngan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Viet Nam
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University. 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Honjoh
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University. 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University. 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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Son HM, Duc HM, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Application of bacteriophages in simultaneously controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7 and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10259-10271. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Duc HM, Son HM, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Isolation and application of bacteriophages to reduce Salmonella contamination in raw chicken meat. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Son HM, Duc HM, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Identification of the newly identified subtilase cytotoxin-encoding gene (subAB2-2) among clinical Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates. Can J Microbiol 2015; 61:990-4. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) is an important virulence factor of eae-negative Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Three variants of SubAB-encoding genes have been reported in the literature; however, the newly described subAB variant (subAB2-2) was found only in STEC strains from deer meat, sheep, and some wild animals. In this study, subAB variants were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing in 5 out of 12 (41.6%) eae-negative STEC strains isolated from patients. Most subAB-positive STEC strains (80%) harbored the subAB1 gene. The subAB2-2 gene was detected for the first time in the clinical STEC O128:H2 strain. Other virulence genes including stx1a, stx1c, stx2b, ehxA, and tia were also detected in this strain. The DNA sequence analyses of the subAB1 and subAB2-2 genes of the clinical STEC strains showed 99% and 100% identity to those of the reference strains 98NK2 and LM27558stx2, respectively. This is the first report on the detection of the subAB2-2 gene in a clinical STEC isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Minh Son
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hoang Minh Duc
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Honjoh
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
- Laboratory of Food Hygienic Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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