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de Jesús-Campos D, García-Ortega LF, Fimbres-Olivarría D, Herrera-Estrella L, López-Elías JA, Hayano-Kanashiro C. Transcriptomic analysis of Chaetoceros muelleri in response to different nitrogen concentrations reveals the activation of pathways to enable efficient nitrogen uptake. Gene 2024; 924:148589. [PMID: 38777108 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen is the principal nutrient deficiency that increases lipids and carbohydrate content in diatoms but negatively affects biomass production. Marine diatom Chaetoceros muelleri is characterized by lipid and carbohydrate accumulation under low nitrogen concentration without affecting biomass. To elucidate the molecular effects of nitrogen concentrations, we performed an RNA-seq analysis of C. muelleri grown under four nitrogen concentrations (3.53 mM, 1.76 mM, 0.44 mM, and 0.18 mM of NaNO3). This research revealed that changes in global transcription in C. muelleri are differentially expressed by nitrogen concentration. "Energetic metabolism", "Carbohydrate metabolism" and "Lipid metabolism" pathways were identified as the most upregulated by N deficiency. Due to N limitation, alternative pathways to self-supply nitrogen employed by microalgal cells were identified. Additionally, nitrogen limitation decreased chlorophyll content and caused a greater response at the transcriptional level with a higher number of unigenes differentially expressed. By contrast, the highest N concentration (3.53 mM) recorded the lowest number of differentially expressed genes. Amt1, Nrt2, Fad2, Skn7, Wrky19, and Dgat2 genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR. In conclusion, C. muelleri modify their metabolic pathways to optimize nitrogen utilization and minimize nitrogen losses. On the other hand, the assembled transcriptome serves as the basis for metabolic engineering focused on improving the quantity and quality of the diatom for biotechnological applications. However, proteomic and metabolomic analysis is also required to compare gene expression, protein, and metabolite accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaristelma de Jesús-Campos
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo-Sonora CP 83000, Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando García-Ortega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato-Guanajuato Zip Code 36821, Mexico
| | - Diana Fimbres-Olivarría
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo-Sonora CP 83000, Mexico
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Plant and Soil Science Department, Texas Tech University, 79409 Lubbock, TX, USA; Unidad de Genómica Avanzada/LANGEBIO, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato-Guanajuato Zip Code 36821, Mexico
| | - José Antonio López-Elías
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo-Sonora CP 83000, Mexico.
| | - Corina Hayano-Kanashiro
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo-Sonora CP 83000, Mexico.
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Knjaz M, Baricevic A, Tankovic MS, Kuzat N, Vlasicek I, Grizancic L, Podolsak I, Pfannkuchen M, Kogovsek T, Pfannkuchen DM. First regional reference database of northern Adriatic diatom transcriptomes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16209. [PMID: 39003315 PMCID: PMC11246432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine microbial communities form the basis for the functioning of marine ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity. With the application of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics in marine environmental studies, significant progress has been made in analysing the functioning of microbial communities as a whole. These molecular techniques are highly dependent on reliable, well-characterised, comprehensive and taxonomically diverse sequenced reference transcriptomes of microbial organisms. Here we present a set of 12 individual transcriptome assemblies derived from 6 representative diatom species from the northern Adriatic Sea grown under 2 environmentally relevant growth conditions (phosphate replete vs. phosphate deprived). After filtering the reads and assembly, an average number of 64,932 transcripts per assembly was obtained, of which an average of 8856 were assigned to functionally known proteins. Of all assigned transcripts, an average of 6483 proteins were taxonomically assigned to diatoms (Bacillariophyta). On average, a higher number of assigned proteins was detected in the transcriptome assemblies of diatoms grown under replete media condition. On average, 50% of the mapped proteins were shared between the two growth conditions. All recorded proteins in the dataset were classified into 24 COG categories, with approximately 25% belonging to the unknown function and the remaining 75% belonging to all other categories. The resulting diatom reference database for the northern Adriatic, focussing on the response to nutrient limitation as characteristic for the region and predicted for the future world oceans, provides a valuable resource for analysing environmental metatranscriptome and metagenome data. Each northern Adriatic transcriptome can also be used by itself as a reference database for the (meta)transcriptomes and gene expression studies of the associated species that will be generated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Knjaz
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Ana Baricevic
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Rovinj, Croatia.
| | | | - Natasa Kuzat
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Ivan Vlasicek
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Lana Grizancic
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Ivan Podolsak
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Rovinj, Croatia
| | | | - Tjasa Kogovsek
- Center for Marine Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Rovinj, Croatia
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Frleta Matas R, Radman S, Čagalj M, Šimat V. Influence of Nutrient Deprivation on the Antioxidant Capacity and Chemical Profile of Two Diatoms from Genus Chaetoceros. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:96. [PMID: 38393067 PMCID: PMC10890447 DOI: 10.3390/md22020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The limited availability of phosphate, nitrogen and silicon in the growth media affects the growth, cellular processes, and metabolism of diatoms. Silicon deficiency primarily affects diatom morphology, while phosphate deficiency reduces the production of nucleic acids and phospholipids. Differences in pigment and protein composition are mainly due to nitrogen deficiency. In this study, Chaetoceros socialis and Chaetoceros costatus were cultured under phosphate, nitrogen, and silicon deprivation conditions. The diatom biomass was collected during the stationary growth phase and extracted with 70% ethanol under ultrasonication. The chemical profiles of the extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS), while the antioxidant capacity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Pigments, fatty acids, sterols, and derivatives were detected in both species. The total phenolic content in the extracts ranged from 46.25 ± 1.08 to 89.38 ± 6.21 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L and from 29.58 ± 1.08 to 54.17 ± 1.18 mg GAE/L. for C. costatus and C. socialis, respectively. Antioxidant activity was higher in C. costatus extracts, especially those obtained from nitrogen-deprived media. The results of this study contribute to the existing knowledge and the ongoing efforts to overcome application and commercialization barriers of microalgae for wide-ranging potential in different industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Frleta Matas
- Center of Excellence for Science and Technology-Integration of Mediterranean Region (STIM), Faculty of Science, University of Split, Rudera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Sanja Radman
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Martina Čagalj
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Rudera Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Vida Šimat
- University Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Rudera Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia;
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Bhattacharjya R, Tyagi R, Rastogi S, Ulmann L, Tiwari A. Response of varying combined nutrients on biomass and biochemical composition of marine diatoms Chaetoceros gracilis and Thalassiosira weissflogii. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130274. [PMID: 38160848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Marine diatoms have high adaptability and are known to accumulate lipids under nutrient stress conditions. The present study involves determining the effect of varying macro and micronutrients on growth kinetics and metabolite production of oleaginous marine diatoms, Thalassiosira weissflogii and Chaetoceros gracilis. The results highlighted that C. gracilis and T. weissflogii showed maximum biomass yield of 0.86 ± 0.06 g/L and 0.76 ± 0.01 g/L in the 2f and f supplemented medium respectively. A 2.5-fold increase in cellular lipid content was recorded in the 2f culture setup of both strains ranging from 20 % to 26.7 % (w/w). The study also reveals that high eutrophic nutrient media (f, 2f and 4f) triggered biomass productivity as well as total protein and carbohydrate content in both strains. Thus, providing a reproducible insight of trophic flexibility of diatoms, concomitant with the increment in multiple commercially valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raya Bhattacharjya
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Rashi Tyagi
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Subha Rastogi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 436, Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar, India; CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi, India Pradesh, India
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- Laboratoire BiOSSE: Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement, IUT Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India.
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Grubišić M, Šantek B, Kuzmić M, Čož-Rakovac R, Ivančić Šantek M. Enhancement of Biomass Production of Diatom Nitzschia sp. S5 through Optimisation of Growth Medium Composition and Fed-Batch Cultivation. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:46. [PMID: 38248671 PMCID: PMC11154399 DOI: 10.3390/md22010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing commercial application of microalgae in different industry sectors, including the production of bioenergy, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, chemicals, feed, and food, demands large quantities of microalgal biomass with specific compositions produced at reasonable prices. Extensive studies have been carried out on the design of new and improvement of current cultivation systems and the optimisation of growth medium composition for high productivity of microalgal biomass. In this study, the concentrations of the main macronutrients, silicon, nitrogen and phosphorus, essential for the growth of diatom Nitzschia sp. S5 were optimised to obtain a high biomass concentration. The effect of main macronutrients on growth kinetics and cell composition was also studied. Silicon had the most significant effect on diatom growth during batch cultivation. The concentration of biomass increased 5.45-fold (0.49 g L-1) at 1 mM silicon concentration in modified growth medium compared to the original Guillard f/2 medium. Optimisation of silicon, nitrogen, and phosphorus quantities and ratios further increased biomass concentration. The molar ratio of Si:N:P = 7:23:1 mol:mol:mol yielded the highest biomass concentration of 0.73 g L-1. Finally, the fed-batch diatom cultivation of diatom using an optimised Guillard f/2 growth medium with four additions of concentrated macronutrient solution resulted in 1.63 g L-1 of microalgal biomass. The proteins were the most abundant macromolecules in microalgal biomass, with a lower content of carbohydrates and lipids under all studied conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grubišić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (M.K.)
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (M.K.)
| | - Marija Kuzmić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (M.K.)
| | - Rozelindra Čož-Rakovac
- Laboratory for Aquaculture Biotechnology, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Center of Excellence for Marine Bioprospecting (BioProCro), Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirela Ivančić Šantek
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.G.); (B.Š.); (M.K.)
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Ahmed Sas AA, Arshad A, Kumar Das S, Nyun Pau SS, Che Cob Z. Optimum Temperature and Salinity Conditions for Growth, Lipid Contents, and Fatty Acids Composition of Centric Diatoms Chaetoceros Calcitrans and Thaassiosira Weissflogii. PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.47836/pjst.31.2.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are very important organisms as primary producers and have a wide range of applications in areas such as aquaculture, pharmaceuticals, medicine, biofuels, and others. In this study, the effect of temperature and salinity on growth, biomass, proximate composition, and lipid production of Chaetoceros calcitrans (Paulsen) and Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) were investigated. The best growth rate (SGR) and highest biomass production were observed at 30°C and 30 ppt for C. calcitrans and at 30°C and 25 ppt for T. weissflogii. At these optimum temperature and salinity combinations, the maximum cell density was accomplished by day 12 for C. calcitrans (6.74 × 106 cells ml˗1) and by day 10 for T. weissflogii (3.45 × 106 cells ml˗1). The proximate composition during this period was 38.25 ± 0.99% protein, 16.96 ± 0.90% lipid, and 9.39 ± 0.59% carbohydrate in C. calcitrans, compared to 13.49 ± 0.28% protein, 10.43% ± 0.25% lipid and 16.49 ± 0.47% carbohydrate in T. weissflogii. Furthermore, over 35% of lipids in C. calcitrans were palmitic acid (C16), while in T. weissflogii, over 24% of lipids were myristic acid (C14). Although C. calcitrans exhibited higher lipid content than T. weissflogii, both species displayed higher levels of saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFAs) fatty acids and low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The findings illustrated that under their optimum temperature and salinity combinations, both species might produce significant sources of lipids, which can be utilised in various activities such as aquaculture, pharmaceuticals, medicine, biofuels and others.
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Machado M, Vaz MGMV, Bromke MA, Rosa RM, Covell L, Souza LPD, Rocha DI, Martins MA, Araújo WL, Szymański J, Nunes-Nesi A. Metabolic stability of freshwater Nitzschia palea strains under silicon stress associated with triacylglycerol accumulation. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saxena A, Marella TK, Singh PK, Tiwari A. Indoor mass cultivation of marine diatoms for biodiesel production using induction plasma synthesized nanosilica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125098. [PMID: 33845321 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two benthic marine diatoms Chaetoceros sp. and Thalassiosira sp. were grown in modified f/2 medium in which normal silica was replaced with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) nanosilica for indoor mass cultivation and its impact on growth, lipid content, lipid quality and metabolite production were monitored. Results indicate thatunder mass cultivation using ICP nano silica medium, Thalassiosirasp. reached 3.6 and Chaetoceros sp. reached 3.2-fold higher cell density compared to normal Si medium. The primary metabolite production and total lipid content was higher in Chaetoceros sp. (44.33 ± 2.51% DCW) compared to Thalassiosira sp. (29.66 ± 1.52% DCW). In mass cultivation, ICP synthesized nanosilica powder was effective in enhancing the cell density, production of metabolites, pigments, and lipids in the marine diatoms studied. This is the first report on the use of ICP nanosilica in carrying out indoor mass cultivation of marine diatom isolates as potential biodiesel and biomolecule feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Saxena
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Thomas Kiran Marella
- Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center (ABES), Tennodai, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India.
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Lovio-Fragoso JP, de Jesús-Campos D, López-Elías JA, Medina-Juárez LÁ, Fimbres-Olivarría D, Hayano-Kanashiro C. Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Phosphorus Limitation in Diatoms and Their Relationship with Biomolecule Accumulation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070565. [PMID: 34206287 PMCID: PMC8301168 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphorus (P) is a key nutrient involved in the transfer of energy and the synthesis of several cellular components. It has been reported that P limitation in diatoms induces the synthesis of biomolecules and the accumulation of storage compounds, such as pigments, carbohydrates and lipids, with diverse biological activities, which can be used in diverse biotechnological applications. However, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to how diatoms cope with P deficiency are not clear, and research into this has been limited to a few species. The integration of results obtained from omics sciences could provide a broad understanding of the response of diatoms to P limitation, and the information obtained could help to solve challenges such as biomass production, by-products yield and genetic improvement of strains. Abstract Diatoms are the most abundant group of phytoplankton, and their success lies in their significant adaptation ability to stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. Phosphorus (P) is a key nutrient involved in the transfer of energy and the synthesis of several cellular components. Molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to how diatoms cope with P deficiency are not clear, and research into this has been limited to a few species. Among the molecular responses that have been reported in diatoms cultured under P deficient conditions is the upregulation of genes encoding enzymes related to the transport, assimilation, remobilization and recycling of this nutrient. Regarding biochemical responses, due to the reduction of the requirements for carbon structures for the synthesis of proteins and phospholipids, more CO2 is fixed than is consumed by the Calvin cycle. To deal with this excess, diatoms redirect the carbon flow toward the synthesis of storage compounds such as triacylglycerides and carbohydrates, which are excreted as extracellular polymeric substances. This review aimed to gather all current knowledge regarding the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of diatoms related to managing P deficiency in order to provide a wider insight into and understanding of their responses, as well as the metabolic pathways affected by the limitation of this nutrient.
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Palanisamy KM, Paramasivam P, Maniam GP, Rahim MHA, Govindan N, Chisti Y. Production of lipids by Chaetoceros affinis in media based on palm oil mill effluent. J Biotechnol 2021; 327:86-96. [PMID: 33421508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomass and lipid production by the marine diatom Chaetoceros affinis were characterized under continuous light with aeration. Media based on palm oil mill effluent (POME; 10, 20 and 30 % v/v in distilled water) were used together with a standard control medium. The maximum biomass concentration on day 12 of batch cultures in control medium was 821 ± 71 mg L-1. Under identical conditions, in the best POME medium (20 % POME v/v in distilled water with other inorganic components), the biomass concentration was reduced by ∼11 % to 734 ± 66 mg L-1. The lipid content of the biomass grown in the control medium was 50.8 ± 4.5 % by dry weight, but was a little lower (48.9 ± 4.1 % by dry wt) in the above specified best POME medium. In the best POME medium, oleic acid was the major fatty acid (72.3 ± 5.2 % by weight) in the total lipids extracted from the biomass and monounsaturated fatty acids were the main type of fatty acids (74.6 ± 5.2 %). POME levels of >20 % in the medium suppressed both biomass and lipid production relative to the medium with 20 % POME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthick Murugan Palanisamy
- Algae Culture Collection Center & Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun, Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Primilla Paramasivam
- Algae Culture Collection Center & Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun, Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Gaanty Pragas Maniam
- Algae Culture Collection Center & Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun, Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Earth Resources & Sustainability Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hasbi Ab Rahim
- Algae Culture Collection Center & Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun, Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Earth Resources & Sustainability Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Natanamurugaraj Govindan
- Algae Culture Collection Center & Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun, Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia; Earth Resources & Sustainability Centre, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Devadasu E, Subramanyam R. Enhanced Lipid Production in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Caused by Severe Iron Deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:615577. [PMID: 33927732 PMCID: PMC8076870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.615577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are used as a source of lipids for the production of biofuels. Most algae produce neutral lipids under stress conditions. Here, lipid accumulation by the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was examined during cultivation under iron-limiting conditions. Severe iron stress caused the cells to accumulate a significant amount of lipid, specifically triacylglycerols (TAGs), by compromising the growth. Semi-quantitative measurements by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed an increase in both carbohydrate and lipid content in iron-stressed C. reinhardtii cells compared to control. Analysis by flow cytometry and thin layer chromatography confirmed that severe iron deficiency-induced TAG accumulation to fourfold higher than in iron-replete control cells. This accumulation of TAGs was mostly degraded from chloroplast lipids accompanied by overexpression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT2A) protein. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis demonstrated significantly enhanced levels of C16:0, C18:2, and C18:3 fatty acids (FAs). These results indicate that iron stress triggers the rapid accumulation of TAGs in C. reinhardtii cells. The enhanced production of these lipids caused by the iron deficiency may contribute to the efficient production of algal biofuels if we escalate to the photobioreactor's growth conditions.
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Yang R, Wei D, Xie J. Diatoms as cell factories for high-value products: chrysolaminarin, eicosapentaenoic acid, and fucoxanthin. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:993-1009. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1805402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Runqing Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Hang LT, Mori K, Tanaka Y, Morikawa M, Toyama T. Enhanced lipid productivity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with combination of NaCl and CaCl2 stresses. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:971-980. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Jensen EL, Yangüez K, Carrière F, Gontero B. Storage Compound Accumulation in Diatoms as Response to Elevated CO 2 Concentration. BIOLOGY 2019; 9:E5. [PMID: 31878202 PMCID: PMC7169399 DOI: 10.3390/biology9010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of reserve compounds (i.e., lipids and chrysolaminarin) in diatoms depends on the environmental conditions, and is often triggered by stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. Manipulation of CO2 supply can also be used to improve both lipids and carbohydrates accumulation. Given the high diversity among diatoms, we studied the two marine model diatoms-Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a freshwater diatom, Asterionella formosa, and Navicula pelliculosa-found in fresh- and sea-water environments. We measured the accumulation of reserve compounds and the activity of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism in these diatoms grown at high and atmospheric CO2. We observed that biomass and lipid accumulation in cells grown at high CO2 differ among the diatoms. Lipid accumulation increased only in P. tricornutum and N. pelliculosa grown in seawater in response to elevated CO2. Moreover, accumulation of lipids was also accompanied by an increased activity of the enzymes tested. However, lipid accumulation and enzyme activity decreased in N. pelliculosa cultured in fresh water. Chrysolaminarin accumulation was also affected by CO2 concentration; however, there was no clear relation with lipids accumulation. Our results are relevant to understand better the ecological role of the environment in the diatom adaptation to CO2 and the mechanisms underpinning the production of storage compounds considering diatom diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Brigitte Gontero
- CNRS, BIP, UMR 7281, IMM, FR3479, 31 Chemin J. Aiguier, Aix Marseille Univ., 13 402 Marseille CEDEX 20, France; (E.L.J.); (K.Y.); (F.C.)
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15
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Sabu S, Singh ISB, Joseph V. Improved lipid production in oleaginous brackish diatom Navicula phyllepta MACC8 using two-stage cultivation approach. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:437. [PMID: 31696042 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-stage cultivation method involving the initial growth in optimized conditions for biomass production followed by those for lipid production in oleaginous brackish diatom Navicula phyllepta MACC8 resulted in a proportional increase of lipid concentration along with biomass production. The diatom was further subjected to stress conditions by altering the nutrient components such as nitrate, phosphate, silicate, and temperature. Silicon deprivation resulted in the highest lipid percentage of 28.78% of weight at the end of the 18th day of the second stage. A significant increase in lipid content was observed on the complete removal of the nutrients silicon and urea one at a time, while the biomass showed a considerable reduction. The application of multiple nutrient stress conditions had a profound influence on the increased rate of lipid production. A combination of phosphate deprivation, silicate limitation and temperature reduction resulted in a significant increase in lipid percentage of 32.13% at the cost of reduced biomass (1.1 g L-1), whereas phosphate deprivation, urea limitation, and temperature reduction resulted in lipid percentage of 27.58% with a biomass of 1.44 g L-1 at the end of the second stage. Further, the results were supported by Nile red staining, FTIR, fatty acid profile and oxidative stress marker analyses. The changes in biochemical composition and oxidative stress parameters within the various stress conditions demonstrated the profound influence of the selected stress factors on the biodiesel productivity of the diatom, besides its stress tolerance. A two-phase culturing system, with multifactor stress application, especially nitrogen limitation along with phosphate starvation and temperature stress, would be the suitable method for gaining maximum biomass productivity and lipid content in diatom Navicula phyllepta MACC8 towards biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyo Sabu
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala 682016 India
| | - Isaac Sarojini Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala 682016 India
| | - Valsamma Joseph
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala 682016 India
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16
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Annual outdoor cultivation of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii: productivity, limits and perspectives. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Marella TK, Datta A, Patil MD, Dixit S, Tiwari A. Biodiesel production through algal cultivation in urban wastewater using algal floway. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 280:222-228. [PMID: 30772634 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study algal floway (AFW) to treat urban wastewater and to evaluate biomass productivity, lipid contents and biodiesel production. The results indicated the seasonal average algae productivity of 34.83 g dry weight m2 d-1 with a nutrient removal rate of 2.52 g m2 d-1N and 1.25 g m2 d-1P while the lipid content ranged between 14 and 22% of dry cell weight with the highest lipid productivity of 9.29 g m-2 d-1 during summer. Biodiesel quality was superior during summer with high centane number and cold filter plugging point values. High eicosapentaenoic acid content was found during winter growth cycles. AFW algae community was dominated by pennate diatoms during all growing seasons. This study is one of its kinds in Indian wastewaters and it provides fundamental information for further optimization and use of AFW to treat domestic wastewater and to produce algae biofuel feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kiran Marella
- International Crop Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Telangana State, India
| | - Aviraj Datta
- International Crop Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Telangana State, India
| | - Mukund D Patil
- International Crop Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Telangana State, India
| | - Sreenath Dixit
- International Crop Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Telangana State, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 313, India.
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