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Márquez-Sixto A, Navarro-Esteva J, Batista-Guerra LY, Simón-Bautista D, Rodríguez-de Castro F. Prevalence of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Its Value as a Prognostic Factor in Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Prospective Case-Control Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e55310. [PMID: 38559503 PMCID: PMC10981800 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a common finding in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), specific recommendations are not provided in the current clinical guidelines. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of OD and its associated factors among patients hospitalized for CAP and to assess one-year outcomes according to the presence or absence of OD. METHODS We studied 226 patients hospitalized for CAP and 226 patients hospitalized for respiratory conditions other than CAP. We screened the risk of OD using the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10), followed by the volume-viscosity swallow test (V-VST). RESULTS A total of 122 (53.9%) patients with CAP had confirmed OD compared with 44 (19.4%) patients without CAP. Patients with CAP and OD were older (p < 0.001; 1.02-1.07) and had less familial/institutional support (p = 0.036; 0.12-0.91) compared to patients with CAP and no OD. OD was more prevalent as the CURB-65 score increased (p < 0.001). Patients with OD spent more time in the hospital (14.5 vs. 11.0 days; p = 0.038) and required more visits to the emergency room (ER). Twenty (16.4%) patients with CAP and OD died after discharge vs. one (0.8%) patient with CAP and no OD (p < 0.001; CI = 2.24-42.60). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of OD in hospitalized patients with CAP is higher than in patients hospitalized for other respiratory diagnoses. Advanced age, lower familial/institutional support, and increased CAP severity are associated with OD. Patients with CAP and OD are more frequent ER visitors after discharge and have a higher mortality. In patients with CAP and OD, aspiration pneumonia is likely underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amando Márquez-Sixto
- Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ESP
| | - Javier Navarro-Esteva
- Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ESP
| | - Lucía Yomara Batista-Guerra
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ESP
| | - David Simón-Bautista
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ESP
| | - Felipe Rodríguez-de Castro
- Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ESP
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Gölaç H, Atalık G, Gülaçtı A, Şansal E, Ceylan BT, Esen Aydınlı F, Yılmaz M. The discriminant ability of the eating assessment tool-10 questionnaire to detect residue and aspiration in patients with mixed etiology of dysphagia. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023:10.1007/s00405-023-07987-x. [PMID: 37097466 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-07987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the discriminant ability of the eating assessment tool-10 (EAT-10) to detect postswallow residue and aspiration for different consistencies. METHODS Seventy-two consecutive patients with mixed etiology of dysphagia (42 males and 30 females, mean ± sd age of 60.42 ± 15.82) were included. After completing the EAT-10, Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) was performed to assess the efficiency and safety of swallowing for the following consistencies: thin liquid, nectar thick, yogurt, and solid. While swallowing efficiency was evaluated using the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPRSRS), the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS) was used to evaluate swallowing safety. RESULTS The EAT-10 questionnaire significantly identified the patients with residue from those without residue for the following consistencies and anatomic locations: thin liquid residue in the pyriform sinus (cutoff score ≥ 10, p = 0.009), nectar thick residue in the vallecula (cutoff score ≥ 15, p = 0.001), yogurt residue in the vallecula (cutoff score ≥ 15, p = 0.009), yogurt residue in the pyriform sinus (cutoff score ≥ 9, p = 0.015), and solid residue in the vallecula (cutoff score ≥ 13, p = 0.016). However, the same discriminant ability of EAT-10 was not found for detecting aspiration in any consistency. CONCLUSIONS The EAT-10 questionnaire can be used as an assessment tool to judge swallowing efficiency in patients with mixed etiology of dysphagia, but the same is not evident for swallowing safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Gölaç
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek Mah. Bişkek Cad. 6. Cad. (Eski 81. Sokak) No: 2 Çankaya, 06490, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Güzide Atalık
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek Mah. Bişkek Cad. 6. Cad. (Eski 81. Sokak) No: 2 Çankaya, 06490, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adnan Gülaçtı
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek Mah. Bişkek Cad. 6. Cad. (Eski 81. Sokak) No: 2 Çankaya, 06490, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Şansal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Tijen Ceylan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Esen Aydınlı
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Metin Yılmaz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Verma H, Kaur H, Benison P, Harisha M, Balaji J. Trans-Adaptation and Analysis of Psychometric Properties of Hindi Version of Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10H). Dysphagia 2023; 38:622-628. [PMID: 35819529 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to trans-adapt the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) to the Hindi language and assess its psychometric properties. The original EAT-10 was translated into Hindi language using the forward-backward translation method. A total of 201 participants were included in the study. Among 201 participants, 83 were controls, and 118 were dysphagic. Internal consistency, reliability, and clinical validity were measured. Results revealed that the Hindi version of EAT-10 exhibited an excellent internal consistency (i.e., 0.86). A significant difference was found between the mean scores of both groups, and an excellent reliability score (i.e., 0.96) was obtained. From the present study's findings, it can be delineated that the Hindi version of EAT-10 exhibited good psychometric properties. So, the developed tool is a quick, reliable, and valid tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Verma
- Speech & Hearing Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Philemon Benison
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Ucchvas Rehabilitation Center, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madishetty Harisha
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, One Special Place, Hyderabad, India
| | - Janaki Balaji
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Communicate with Us Rehabilitation Center, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang PP, Yuan Y, Lu DZ, Li TT, Zhang H, Wang HY, Wang XW. Diagnostic Accuracy of the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) in Screening Dysphagia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dysphagia 2023; 38:145-158. [PMID: 35849209 PMCID: PMC9873714 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) is used worldwide to screen people quickly and easily at high risk for swallowing disorders. However, the best EAT-10 cutoff value is still controversial. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we estimated and compared the diagnostic accuracy of EAT-10 cutoff values of 2 and 3 for screening dysphagia. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WANFANG, and VIP databases from May 2008 to March 2022. The meta-analysis included 7 studies involving 1064 subjects from 7 different countries. Two studies were classified as high quality and five studies as medium quality. With an EAT-10 cutoff value of 2, using flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing or video fluoroscopic swallowing study as the gold standard, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82-0.93), 0.59 (95% CI 0.39-0.77), 2.17 (95% CI 1.38-3.42), 0.19 (95% CI 0.13-0.29), and 11.49 (95% CI 5.86-22.53), respectively. When a cutoff of 3 was used, these values were 0.85 (95% CI 0.68-0.94), 0.82 (95% CI 0.65-0.92), 4.84 (95% CI 1.72-13.50), 0.18 (95% CI 0.07-0.46), and 26.24 (95% CI 5.06-135.95), respectively. Using EAT-10 cutoff values of 2 and 3, the areas under the curve were 0.873 (95% CI 0.82-0.93) and 0.903 (95% CI 0.88-0.93), respectively, showing good diagnostic performance. EAT-10 can be used as a preliminary screening tool for dysphagia. However, a cutoff of 3 is recommended for EAT-10 due to better diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - De-Zhi Lu
- School of Medical, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Ying Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, 7166 Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong, China.
- Rehabilitation Department, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, 518 Fuyuan Street, Weifang, Shandong, China.
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Schindler A, de Fátima Lago Alvite M, Robles-Rodriguez WG, Barcons N, Clavé P. History and Science behind the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (Eat-10): Lessons Learned. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:597-606. [PMID: 37702330 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is an underdiagnosed medical condition with a high prevalence in populations such as patients with frailty, neurological disease, or head and neck pathology. Potential barriers to its diagnosis include lack of (or low) awareness of the existence and severity of the condition, the hidden nature of the condition within the 'normal ageing' process, clinical limitations, and socioeconomic reasons. Consequently, an effective treatment is not systematically offered in a timely manner, and complications, such as dehydration and respiratory infections or aspiration pneumonia, can arise. To overcome this issue, the early use of screening questionnaires to identify people at risk of swallowing disorders represents the cornerstone of preventive medicine. Several screening tools have been created but few are widely used in clinical practice. The Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) was developed as a quick, easy-to-understand, and self-administered screening tool for OD. METHODS A literature review was conducted in five databases with no restrictions on the language, date of publication, or design of the study to identify aspects of the validation, applicability, and usefulness of EAT-10. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Transcultural adaptation and translation studies, as well as studies involving various types of patients with dysphagia in different settings have shown the validity and reliability of EAT-10 in relation to the gold standard and other validation tools. The use of this standardised screening tool could be used as a primary screening instrument of dysphagia in routine clinical practice across a wide range of diseases and settings and thereby increase the likelihood of early diagnosis and management of a condition that lead to serious complications and impaired quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schindler
- William Gildardo Robles-Rodriguez FUCS: Fundacion Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Colombia,
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Giudici KV. Editorial: Challenges for Assessing Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: The Role of the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10). J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:595-596. [PMID: 37702329 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K V Giudici
- Kelly Virecoulon Giudici, Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute of Aging, Toulouse University Hospital, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 37 Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France, E-mail:
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Järvenpää P, Kuuskoski J, Pietarinen P, Markkanen-Leppänen M, Freiberg H, Ruuskanen M, Rekola J, Ilmarinen T, Kinnari TJ, Autio TJ, Penttilä E, Muttilainen MS, Laaksonen A, Oksanen L, Geneid A, Aaltonen LM. Finnish Version of the Eating Assessment Tool (F-EAT-10): A Valid and Reliable Patient-reported Outcome Measure for Dysphagia Evaluation. Dysphagia 2021; 37:995-1007. [PMID: 34518933 PMCID: PMC9345834 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-021-10362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to validate a Finnish version of the Eating Assessment Tool (F-EAT-10) for clinical use and to test its reliability and validity in a multicenter nationwide study. Normative data were acquired from 180 non-dysphagic participants (median age 57.0 years, 62.2% female). Dysphagia patients (n = 117, median age 69.7 years, 53.0% female) referred to fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) completed F-EAT-10 before the examination and after 2 weeks. Patients underwent the 100-ml water swallow test (WST) and FEES was evaluated using the following three scales: the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale, Penetration-Aspiration Scale, and the Dysphagia Outcome Severity Scale. An operative cohort of 19 patients (median age 75.8 years, 57.9% female) underwent an endoscopic operation on Zenker's diverticulum, tight cricopharyngeal muscle diagnosed in videofluorography, or both. Patients completed the F-EAT-10 preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. The cut-off score for controls was < 3 (sensitivity 94.0%, specificity 96.1%) suggesting that ≥ 3 is abnormal. Re-questionnaires for test-retest reliability analysis were available from 92 FEES patients and 123 controls. The intraclass correlation coefficient was excellent for the total F-EAT-10 score (0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.91-0.95). Pearson correlation coefficients were strong (p < 0.001) for each of the questions and the total score. Internal consistency as assessed by Cronbach's alpha was excellent (0.95). Some correlations between findings in FEES and 100-ml WST with F-EAT-10 were observed. The change in subjective symptoms of operative patients paralleled the change in F-EAT-10. F-EAT-10 is a reliable, valid, and symptom-specific patient-reported outcome measure for assessing dysphagia among Finnish speakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Järvenpää
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029, Finland.
| | - Jonna Kuuskoski
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Petra Pietarinen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029, Finland
| | - Mari Markkanen-Leppänen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029, Finland
| | - Hanna Freiberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Miia Ruuskanen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jami Rekola
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Taru Ilmarinen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029, Finland
| | - Teemu J Kinnari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029, Finland
| | - Timo J Autio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,PEDEGO Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Elina Penttilä
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marika S Muttilainen
- Department of Rehabilitation and Psychosocial Support, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Annika Laaksonen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University, Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Oksanen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University, Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahmed Geneid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University, Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leena-Maija Aaltonen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 263, FI-00029, Finland
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Protocols and assessment procedures in fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing: an updated systematic review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 88:445-470. [PMID: 33895102 PMCID: PMC9422708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessments of neurological populations do not demonstrate standardization in swallowing videoendoscopy. Need for standardization of VED protocols for patient diagnosis and management. None of the studies used the same protocol. The quality of the studies varied widely mainly in their methodologies and protocols.
Introduction Neurological alterations can generate swallowing disorders and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing is one of the tests performed for its diagnosis, as well as assistance in dysphagia management. Objective To identify and describe a fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing standardized protocol for the neurological adult population and its stages. Methods Systematic review registered on the PROSPERO platform (CRD42018069428), carried out on the websites: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Scielo; published between 2009 and 2020. Randomized clinical trials, cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies were included. Two independent judges evaluated the study design and extracted the data from the selected studies. Doubts regarding inclusion or not of the studies were evaluated by a third judge. Scientific articles included were those with adult neurological remained patients with outcomes: (1) diagnosis of swallowing disorder (2) change in sensitivity in laryngeal region (3) penetration of food offered (4) aspiration of food offered. Results 3724 articles were initially selected, after personalized search for patients with neurological alterations 101 studies remained. In the end, 21 qualitative studies from 2009 to 2020 remained in the systematic review and they were described in detail and compared. Seven articles used protocols of the institutions in which the research took place and four mentioned using the same protocol. The reliable reproducibility of the protocols is feasible only in three of the articles, even presenting different protocols. Conclusion There is no standard or validated protocol to assess the swallowing function of adults with neurological diseases.
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Batista AO, Nascimento WV, Cassiani RA, Silva ACV, Alves LMT, Alves DC, Dantas RO. Prevalence of non-obstructive dysphagia in patients with heartburn and regurgitation. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2020; 75:e1556. [PMID: 31994617 PMCID: PMC6970278 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heartburn and regurgitation are the most common gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, and dysphagia could be a possible symptom. This investigation aimed to evaluate the prevalence of non-obstructive dysphagia in patients with heartburn and regurgitation. METHODS A total of 147 patients (age, 20-70 years; women, 72%) complaining of heartburn and regurgitation, without esophageal stricture, previous esophageal surgery, or other diseases, were evaluated. Twenty-seven patients had esophagitis. The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) was employed to screen for dysphagia; EAT-10 is composed of 10 items, and the patients rate each item from 0 to 4 (0, no problems; 4, most severe symptom). Results of the 147 patients were compared with those of 417 healthy volunteers (women, 62%; control group) aged 20-68 years. RESULTS In the control group, only two (0.5%) had an EAT-10 score ≥5, which was chosen as the threshold to define dysphagia. EAT-10 scores ≥5 were found in 71 (48.3%) patients and in 55% of the patients with esophagitis and 47% of the patients without esophagitis. This finding indicates a relatively higher prevalence of perceived dysphagia in patients with heartburn and regurgitation and in patients with esophagitis. We also found a positive correlation between EAT-10 scores and the severity of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms based on the Velanovich scale. CONCLUSION In patients with heartburn and regurgitation symptoms, the prevalence of dysphagia was at least 48%, and has a positive correlation with the overall symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachel Aguiar Cassiani
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto SP, BR
| | | | | | - Dauana Cássia Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto SP, BR
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