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Narasimhan SV, Panarath A. An Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of EAT-10: A Malayalam Version. Dysphagia 2024; 39:586-592. [PMID: 38032481 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) is a 10-item self-administered questionnaire that assesses the severity of dysphagia symptoms, the impact of dysphagia on quality of life and treatment efficacy. EAT-10 has been adapted into several languages, including Malayalam. However, the information on the psychometric properties of EAT-10 MALAYALAM is not known. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the EAT-10 MALAYALAM. EAT-10 MALAYALAM questionnaire was administered to two groups of native Malayalam-speaking participants. Group 1 consisted of a total of 110 participants (76 males and 34 females) with a mean age of 52.9 ± 13.5 years diagnosed with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Group 2 consisted of 110 age and gender-matched healthy participants with normal swallow function and no history and symptoms of swallowing disorders. The test-retest reliability was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the test and the retest scores; internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, and Known groups validity was evaluated by comparing the EAT-10 MALAYALAM scores between the participants of both groups. The results of Spearman's correlation coefficient showed 0.99, indicating that the EAT-10-MALAYALAM has excellent test-retest reliability. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.94, indicating strong internal consistency. Mann-Whitney U test showed significant differences in the scores of EAT-10-MALAYALAM between the participants of both groups. Therefore, it was inferred that EAT-10-MALAYALAM had good known groups validity. The EAT-10-MALAYALAM is a valid and reliable tool for screening Malayalam-speaking dysphagia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afna Panarath
- JSS Institute of Speech & Hearing, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Dodderi T, Flerisa LM, Fathima N, Balasubramanium RK. Assessing Swallowing and Mastication Using the Swallowing Proficiency for Eating and Drinking Protocol Among Healthy Adults. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:2590-2600. [PMID: 38883485 PMCID: PMC11169404 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective evaluation of swallowing using single bolus consistency are popular among Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) but has limited generalization to other bolus consistencies. The Swallowing Proficiency for Eating and Drinking (SPEAD) test assesses the oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing using three different consistencies. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to establish normative data for the SPEAD test among healthy individuals aged 20-79 years. METHOD AND MATERIALS One hundred and twelve healthy adults recruited from the community were divided into three age groups (20-39.11, 40-59.11, & 60-79.11 years). Participants swallowing 100 g of water and thickened Electral, and 6.67 g of Parle Monaco was video recorded for data analysis. RESULTS Cronbachs Alpha test indicated good to excellent internal consistency and inter-class correlation test revealed a high level of inter-rater reliability for all SPEAD parameters. Older adults exhibited a higher number of bites, chews, and swallows, and required more time to swallow compared to younger and middle adults. Similarly, speed of ingestion and SPEAD rate were lowest in older adults. SPEAD indices also showed significant differences across the three consistencies at p < 0.01. CONCLUSION In summary, the SPEAD test was found to be feasible, reliable, and valid in healthy adults of India between 20 and 79 years of age. The age and sex based normative data established in this study will enable SLPs in assessing the presence and / or absence of swallowing difficulties in the oral and pharyngeal phases across different consistencies using one test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thejaswi Dodderi
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Luis Malvika Flerisa
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nidha Fathima
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Radish Kumar Balasubramanium
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Dodderi T, Sreenath D, Shetty MJ, Chilwan U, Rai SPV, Moolambally SR, Balasubramanium RK, Kothari M. Prevalence of Self-Reported Swallowing Difficulties and Swallowing-Related Quality of Life Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in India. Dysphagia 2024:10.1007/s00455-024-10696-0. [PMID: 38637434 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-024-10696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Self-reported swallowing difficulties are highly prevalent but underreported among older adults. The aging population in India is increasing, yet there is a lack of empirical data on self-reported swallowing difficulties in older adults. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of self-reported swallowing difficulties and assess the swallowing-related quality of life (QOL) among community-dwelling older adults in India. We recruited 361 older adults (60-91 years) from the community. Participants completed the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) to assess self-reported swallowing difficulties and the Dysphagia Handicap Index (DHI) to assess swallowing-related QOL. Participants rated the EAT-10 from 0 for 'no problem' to 4 for 'severe problem'. The DHI rating included 0 for 'never', 2 for 'sometimes', and 4 for 'always'. The total scores of EAT-10 and DHI were summarised using descriptive statistics. Statistically significant differences between pass-fail groups of EAT-10 and DHI were evaluated using an independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance test, respectively. The overall mean score for EAT-10 was 3.34, and 7.56 for DHI, with higher scores observed among females. 36.6% of older adults self-reported experiencing swallowing difficulties, while 47.4% self-reported having poor swallowing-related QOL at p < 0.05. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.86) was found between EAT-10 and total DHI scores at p < 0.001. The present study sheds light on the widespread yet underreported issue of self-reported swallowing difficulties and the impact on swallowing-related QOL among older adults in India. These findings emphasize the urgent need for early swallowing screening programs among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thejaswi Dodderi
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Drishti Sreenath
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mahima Jayaram Shetty
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Uzair Chilwan
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Santosh P V Rai
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sheetal Raj Moolambally
- Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Radish Kumar Balasubramanium
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Mohit Kothari
- Department of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Hammel Neurorehabilitation Center and University Research Clinic, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Hammel, Denmark
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Varghese JJ, Aithal VU, Sharan K, Devaraja K, Philip SJ, Guddattu V, Rajashekhar B. Comparison of Submental Surface Electromyography during Dry Swallow between Irradiated Head and Neck Cancer Survivors and Normal Individuals. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38599192 DOI: 10.1159/000538732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study compared the submental surface electromyography (sEMG) duration and amplitude during dry swallowing between irradiated head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors and age-matched normal individuals. Further, the relationship between submental and infrahyoid sEMG in the irradiated HNC group was explored. METHOD Forty participants (20 HNC survivors and 20 age-matched normal individuals) participated in this study. The HNC survivors had completed organ preservation cancer treatment (at least 1-month post-treatment). They were on a complete oral diet without enteral supplementation (FOIS score> 4). Submental and infrahyoid sEMG activity was calculated for three trials of saliva swallow for each participant using sEMG. The duration and amplitude parameters considered were: onset duration - duration from the onset of swallowing to the maximum amplitude, offset duration - duration from the maximum amplitude to the end of the swallowing activity, total duration, and maximum amplitude. RESULTS The study found that irradiated HNC survivors exhibited prolonged temporal measures, particularly in the offset duration, which suggested a delayed descent of the hyolaryngeal complex during swallowing. Additionally, the HNC group showed a positive correlation between submental and infrahyoid sEMG. Furthermore, it was observed that the rate of increase in the duration of submental sEMG during subsequent swallowing was greater in HNC survivors which could be due to reduced salivation. CONCLUSION Compared to age-matched normal individuals, irradiated HNC survivors manifest alterations in the submental muscle activities during dry swallowing as measured using sEMG. The temporal and amplitude changes are likely to have arisen as a consequence of postradiation changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Jaison Varghese
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Venkataraja U Aithal
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Justice KS Hegde Medical College, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, India
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - K Devaraja
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Serin Jiya Philip
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Vasudeva Guddattu
- Department of Data Science, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Bellur Rajashekhar
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Chandrashekaraiah B, N S, Belliappa MS. Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Translation and Validation of Kannada Version of the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire (KSWAL-QOL). Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:351-357. [PMID: 38440609 PMCID: PMC10908923 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The swallowing quality of life (SWAL-QOL) questionnaire is a commonly used tool to assess the impact of dysphagia on quality of life. SWAL-QOL has been translated and validated in many languages. There is no valid dysphagia-specific quality of life tool in Indian languages. Hence, the current study aimed at cultural adaptation, translation, and validation of SWAL-QOL in Kannada (KSWAL-QOL), a south Indian Dravidian language. The original SWAL-QOL was translated into Kannada using the standard translation procedure. A group of 55 participants with oro-pharyngeal dysphagia (clinical group) and 55 participants with normal swallowing abilities (control group) were recruited for the current study to assess the validity and reliability of KSWAL-QOL. Dysphagia Handicap Index- Kannada version (DHI-K) and Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (LISAT) were used to check for the convergent validity of the KSWAL-QOL. The KSWAL-QOL demonstrated excellent discriminant validity and distinguished clinical from the control group across all domains (p = 0.00). Internal consistency for all the nine domains of KSWAL-QOL measured using Cronbach's α ranged from 0.89 to 0.92, demonstrating excellent reliability. Test-retest measures were exceptional, with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ranging between 0.92 and 0.98 and Spearman's rho values between 0.91 and 0.97. A very strong negative correlation was obtained between KSWAL-QOL and DHI-K, and a strong positive correlation was seen between KSWAL-QOL and LISAT. The KSWAL-QOL is a reliable and valid tool with excellent psychometric properties to evaluate the quality of life associated with swallowing in individuals with oropharyngeal dysphagia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-04162-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilvashree Chandrashekaraiah
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Centre for Swallowing Disorders, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Naimisham Campus, Manasagangothri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006 India
| | - Swapna N
- Centre for Swallowing Disorders, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, Karnataka India
| | - M. Sonam Belliappa
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, All India Institute of Speech and Hearing, Mysuru, Karnataka India
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Selvaraj JL, Venkatesh L, Varadharajan V, Chandrasekar K, Srinivas S, John C. Development and Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Tamil Version of Eating Assessment Tool - 10 (EAT-10): Preliminary Findings from Persons with Head and Neck Cancer. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:632-640. [PMID: 37275015 PMCID: PMC10234939 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Tamil version of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). Setting & Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study on persons with Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) during their follow-up for oncological and swallowing consultation at a tertiary care hospital and healthy individuals recruited from the community. Methods: The study was conducted in two phases: (1) translation and development of the Tamil version of EAT-10 and (2) administration of Tamil EAT-10 to assess internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability and known-group validity. 92 participants with HNC in the clinical group and 149 healthy adults in the control group completed the Tamil EAT-10. In addition, a subgroup of 20 participants with HNC repeated the questionnaire within a week to assess test-retest reliability. Results: The Cronbach alpha for the 10 items was 0.96 indicating high internal consistency reliability. The test-retest reliability of the individual items and the total scores (r = 0.98) of the Tamil version of EAT-10 were high. The total EAT-10 scores for the HNC group (14.4 ± 11.5) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the scores for healthy adults (0.72 ± 2.0). Conclusion: The Tamil version of the EAT-10 developed in this study is a reliable and valid self-administered tool for identifying concerns related to swallowing among persons treated for HNC and healthy adults. This tool can be implemented for clinical practice and research in dysphagia among a Tamil-speaking population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-022-03376-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Lydia Selvaraj
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), 600116 Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi Venkatesh
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), 600116 Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Vasudharany Varadharajan
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), 600116 Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Kavyashree Chandrasekar
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Audiology and Speech Language Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), 600116 Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Satish Srinivas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Christopher John
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research, Porur, Chennai, India
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Verma H, Kaur H, Benison P, Harisha M, Balaji J. Trans-Adaptation and Analysis of Psychometric Properties of Hindi Version of Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10H). Dysphagia 2023; 38:622-628. [PMID: 35819529 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to trans-adapt the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) to the Hindi language and assess its psychometric properties. The original EAT-10 was translated into Hindi language using the forward-backward translation method. A total of 201 participants were included in the study. Among 201 participants, 83 were controls, and 118 were dysphagic. Internal consistency, reliability, and clinical validity were measured. Results revealed that the Hindi version of EAT-10 exhibited an excellent internal consistency (i.e., 0.86). A significant difference was found between the mean scores of both groups, and an excellent reliability score (i.e., 0.96) was obtained. From the present study's findings, it can be delineated that the Hindi version of EAT-10 exhibited good psychometric properties. So, the developed tool is a quick, reliable, and valid tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Verma
- Speech & Hearing Unit, Department of Otolaryngology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Harleen Kaur
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Philemon Benison
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Ucchvas Rehabilitation Center, Hyderabad, India
| | - Madishetty Harisha
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, One Special Place, Hyderabad, India
| | - Janaki Balaji
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Communicate with Us Rehabilitation Center, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ghelichi L, Hashemian M, Nakhostin Ansari N, Tarameshlu M. Cross-cultural Adaption, Validation and Factor Analysis of the Persian Version of the Eating Assessment Tool: EAT-10. Dysphagia 2022; 37:1511-1518. [PMID: 35132473 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-021-10405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The eating assessment tool (EAT-10) is a self-reported questionnaire to assess the patient's perception of swallowing difficulties. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and determine validity and reliability of the Persian version of the EAT-10 (P-EAT-10) in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. The EAT-10 was translated into Persian language and cross-culturally adapted. One hundred patients with dysphagia (mean age ± SD = 44.44 ± 14.69 years) participated. The test-retest reliability (time interval = 7 days) was assessed in 50 patients. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC) were analyzed. The Persian version of functional oral intake scale (FOIS-P) was also recorded to assess construct validity. One hundred healthy subjects completed the P-EAT-10 for clinical validity. Factor analysis was performed to determine the P-EAT-10 structure. There were no missing responses and floor or ceiling effects. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's α 0.91). Item-total correlations exceeded acceptable standard of 0.3 for the all items (0.62-0.83). The test-retest reliability was excellent [(ICC)agreement 0.96]. The SEM and SDC were 2.61 and 7.23, respectively. Construct validity was confirmed by a significant correlation between the P-EAT-10 and FOIS-P scores (r = 0.84). Clinical validity was supported by a significant discrimination between patients and healthy subjects (t = 29.97, P < 0.001). Factor analysis indicated 2 components for the P-EAT-10. The P-EAT-10 is a valid and reliable tool and can be used in clinic and research for the assessment of oropharyngeal dysphagia in Persian-speaking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Ghelichi
- Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hashemian
- Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for War-Affected People, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tarameshlu
- Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Rehabilitation Research Center, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Magalhães Junior HV, Pernambuco LDA, Cavalcanti RVA, Silva RGD, Lima KC, Ferreira MAF. Accuracy of an epidemiological oropharyngeal dysphagia screening for older adults. Gerodontology 2021; 39:418-424. [PMID: 34913514 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of an epidemiological screening questionnaire for oropharyngeal dysphagia in older people. BACKGROUND Determining the cut-off point and the accuracy of the self-reported epidemiological questionnaire for screening oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults is important for mass screening, which may estimate the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional diagnostic study with a convenience sample of 70 older adults over 60 years of age of both sexes, aged between 60 and 90 years (mean age 69.2; SD, 7.6). It used a screening questionnaire with nine ordered items response options resulted in a score ranging from 0 to 18. The criterion test was the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, with analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), with a 5% significance level. RESULTS Oropharyngeal dysphagia frequency by the criterion test was 73%, with no significant difference between age and sex. The area under the ROC curve was 0.88 (95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.98) above the cut-off point 3. This screening questionnaire showed good parameters of sensitivity (80%), specificity (89%), positive predictive value (95%), negative predictive value (63%), positive likelihood ratio (7.64), negative likelihood ratio (0.22) and accuracy (83%). CONCLUSIONS This questionnaire may be a satisfactory screening tool for estimating the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberta Gonçalves da Silva
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Philosophy and Sciences, Marília Universtiy of São Paulo, Marília, Brazil
| | - Kenio Costa Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Public Health Program (PPGSCol-UFRN), Federal University of Rio Grande of Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Angela Fernandes Ferreira
- Department of Dentistry, Postgraduate Public Health Program (PPGSCol-UFRN), Federal University of Rio Grande of Norte (UFRN), Natal, Brazil
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Kothari S, Krishnamurthy R, Balasubramanium RK, Huckabee ML. The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): Reliability, Validity and Normative Data for the Adult Indian Population. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 73:327-332. [PMID: 34471621 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) is a reliable and well-validated tool to assess the effectiveness of solid bolus ingestion. Previous studies have established normative values for 4 to 80+ years across a range of commercially available crackers and countries. The current study aimed to establish normative data for the TOMASS across age and gender groups for a commercially available biscuit (cracker) for the adult Indian population. A total of 300 typical individuals in the age range of 21 to 80 years grouped by age and sex participated in the study. Participants were instructed to eat a commercially (locally) available biscuit 'as quickly and comfortably as possible,' and the task was video recorded. The recorded video samples were analyzed to obtain measures of the number of bites, number of masticatory cycles, number of swallows, and total time taken to complete the ingestion of biscuit. Cronbach's α values revealed a moderate to good (0.71 to 0.82) test-retest reliability; ICC values were suggestive of a high level (> 0.76) of interrater reliability for all the measures of TOMASS. The results of the one-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of age (F = 3.12, p < 0.01) and gender (F = 4.37, p < 0.01), but not an interaction between the two. Normative data stratified by age and gender were also generated. The TOMASS assessment procedure was feasible, reliable, and valid. In the current study, we observed that males took fewer bites, took less time, chewed less, and swallowed fewer times than females. A definitive age effect was observed for the number of bites, masticatory cycles, and total time. The normative data generated by the current study can serve as clinical benchmarks to assess the ingestion of solid bouls in the adult Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth Kothari
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Rahul Krishnamurthy
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Radish Kumar Balasubramanium
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Maggie-Lee Huckabee
- Department of Communication Disorders, The Rose Centre for Stroke Recovery and Research, The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Krishnamurthy R, Philip R, Balasubramanium RK, Rangarathnam B. Effects of dual-task interference on swallowing in healthy aging adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253550. [PMID: 34166461 PMCID: PMC8224877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide body of literature has demonstrated that the neural representation of healthy swallowing is mostly bilateral, with one hemisphere dominant over the other. While several studies have demonstrated the presence of laterality for swallowing related functions among young adults, the data on older adults are still growing. The purpose of this paper is to investigate potential changes in hemispheric dominance in healthy aging adults for swallowing related tasks using a behavioral dual-task paradigm. A modified dual-task paradigm was designed to investigate the potential reduction in hemispherical specialization for swallowing function. Eighty healthy right-handed participants in the study were divided into two groups [Group 1: young adults (18–40 years) and Group 2: older adults (65 and above)]. All the participants performed a timed water swallow test at baseline and with two interference conditions (silent word repetition, and facial recognition). The results of the study revealed the following 1) a statistically significant effect of age on swallow performance; 2) statistically significant effect of each of the interference tasks on two of the swallow measures (VPS and VPT) in younger adults; and 3) no significant effect of the interference tasks on the swallowing performance of older adults. These findings suggest that aging substantially affects swallowing in older individuals, and this potentially accompanies a reduction in the hemispheric specialization for swallowing related tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnamurthy
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Radish Kumar Balasubramanium
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Balaji Rangarathnam
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Krishnamurthy R, Kothari S, Balasubramanium RK, Huckabee ML. The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): Normative data for the adult Indian population. Data Brief 2021; 35:106958. [PMID: 33850987 PMCID: PMC8039549 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This data article accompanies the manuscript titled 'The Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS): reliability, validity and normative data for the adult Indian population.' TOMASS is a widely used procedure to assess the effectiveness of solid bolus ingestion. Previous studies have established normative values for 4 to 80+ years across a range of commercially available crackers and countries. In this data set we report normative TOMASS data for the adult Indian population. Data was recorded from 300 typical individuals in the age range of 21 to 80 years grouped by age and sex. Participants were instructed to eat a commercially (locally) available biscuit 'as quickly and comfortably as possible,' and the task was video recorded. The recorded video samples were analyzed to obtain measures of the number of bites, number of masticatory cycles, number of swallows, and total time taken to complete the ingestion of biscuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishnamurthy
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology1
@ASLPKMCMLR , Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education2@MAHE_manipal , Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddarth Kothari
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology1
@ASLPKMCMLR , Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education2@MAHE_manipal , Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Radish Kumar Balasubramanium
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology1
@ASLPKMCMLR , Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education2@MAHE_manipal , Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Maggie-Lee Huckabee
- Department of Communication Disorders, The Rose Centre for Stroke Recovery and Research, The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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