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Jaison Varghese J, Aithal VU, Sharan K, Maiya AG, Rajashekhar B. Profiling of swallowing function in head and neck cancer patients prior to radiation therapy-Findings from a tertiary hospital in South India. Prev Med Rep 2024; 41:102713. [PMID: 38595733 PMCID: PMC11002653 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients often face difficulties with swallowing, which can be due to the cancer itself or the treatment modalities like radiation therapy. The presentation of HNC can vary between developing and developed countries due to socioeconomic factors. The current study aimed to profile the swallowing function of HNC patients before starting radiation therapy in a tertiary hospital in India. Method This cross-sectional observational study examined patients with HNC who were scheduled for radiation therapy. The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and Karnofsky Performance Status Scale were used to assess the patients' swallowing status and functional abilities, respectively. The study also evaluated the relationship between swallowing function and clinical-demographic factors. Results Our assessment of 162 HNC patients found that the cancer site significantly affects swallowing. Although 92% of patients had an oral diet, 64% made dietary modifications. Patients with non-oral intake had either oral or pharyngeal cancer, and over 80% of oral cancer patients and 60% of those with pharyngeal cancer had already made changes to their diet. Patients with laryngeal cancer had a better oral intake, with 58% reporting no swallowing issues. Conclusion Patients with HNC scheduled for radiation therapy may experience varying degrees of swallowing difficulty. Early intervention and teaching of safe swallowing strategies are crucial to prepare for the potential worsening of swallowing difficulties resulting from the treatment. Advanced tumor stages and oral/pharyngeal cancers increase the risk of significant swallowing issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Jaison Varghese
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkataraja U. Aithal
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Justice KS Hegde Medical College, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun G. Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research (CDFCR), Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Bellur Rajashekhar
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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Rao S, Sharan K, Chandraguthi SG, Dsouza RN, David LR, Ravichandran S, Mustapha MT, Shettigar D, Uzun B, Kadavigere R, Sukumar S, Ozsahin DU. Advanced Computational Methods for Radiation Dose Optimization in CT. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:921. [PMID: 38732335 PMCID: PMC11083136 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14090921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In planning radiotherapy treatments, computed tomography (CT) has become a crucial tool. CT scans involve exposure to ionizing radiation, which can increase the risk of cancer and other adverse health effects in patients. Ionizing radiation doses for medical exposure must be kept "As Low As Reasonably Achievable". Very few articles on guidelines for radiotherapy-computed tomography scans are available. This paper reviews the current literature on radiation dose optimization based on the effective dose and diagnostic reference level (DRL) for head, neck, and pelvic CT procedures used in radiation therapy planning. This paper explores the strategies used to optimize radiation doses, and high-quality images for diagnosis and treatment planning. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 patients with head, neck, and pelvic region cancer in our institution. The DRL, effective dose, volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol), and dose-length product (DLP) for the present and optimized protocol were calculated. DRLs were proposed for the DLP using the 75th percentile of the distribution. The DLP is a measure of the radiation dose received by a patient during a CT scan and is calculated by multiplying the CT dose index (CTDI) by the scan length. To calculate a DRL from a DLP, a large dataset of DLP values obtained from a specific imaging procedure must be collected and can be used to determine the median or 75th-percentile DLP value for each imaging procedure. RESULTS Significant variations were found in the DLP, CTDIvol, and effective dose when we compared both the standard protocol and the optimized protocol. Also, the optimized protocol was compared with other diagnostic and radiotherapy CT scan studies conducted by other centers. As a result, we found that our institution's DRL was significantly low. The optimized dose protocol showed a reduction in the CTDIvol (70% and 63%), DLP (60% and 61%), and effective dose (67% and 62%) for both head, neck, and pelvic scans. CONCLUSIONS Optimized protocol DRLs were proposed for comparison purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreekripa Rao
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal 576104, India (R.N.D.)
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal 576104, India; (K.S.); (S.G.C.)
| | | | - Rechal Nisha Dsouza
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal 576104, India (R.N.D.)
| | - Leena R. David
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal 576104, India; (L.R.D.); (S.R.); (D.S.)
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sneha Ravichandran
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal 576104, India; (L.R.D.); (S.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Mubarak Taiwo Mustapha
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey; (M.T.M.); (B.U.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey
| | - Dilip Shettigar
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal 576104, India; (L.R.D.); (S.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Berna Uzun
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey; (M.T.M.); (B.U.)
- Department of Mathematics, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey
| | - Rajagopal Kadavigere
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Suresh Sukumar
- Department of Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal 576104, India; (L.R.D.); (S.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Dilber Uzun Ozsahin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, Near East University, TRNC Mersin 10, Nicosia 99138, Turkey; (M.T.M.); (B.U.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Varghese JJ, Aithal VU, Sharan K, Devaraja K, Philip SJ, Guddattu V, Rajashekhar B. COMPARISON OF SUBMENTAL sEMG DURING DRY SWALLOW BETWEEN IRRADIATED HEAD AND NECK CANCER SURVIVORS AND NORMAL INDIVIDUALS. Folia Phoniatr Logop 2024:000538732. [PMID: 38599192 DOI: 10.1159/000538732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study compared the submental surface electromyography (sEMG) duration and amplitude during dry swallowing between irradiated head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors and age-matched normal individuals. Further, the relationship between submental and infrahyoid sEMG in the irradiated HNC group was explored. METHOD Forty participants (20 HNC survivors and 20 age-matched normal individuals) participated in this study. The HNC survivors had completed organ preservation cancer treatment (at least 1-month post-treatment). They were on a complete oral diet without enteral supplementation (FOIS score> 4). Submental and infrahyoid sEMG activity was calculated for three trials of saliva swallow for each participant using sEMG. The duration and amplitude parameters considered were :Onset duration-duration from the onset of swallowing to the maximum amplitude, Offset duration-duration from the maximum amplitude to the end of the swallowing activity, Total duration, and Maximum Amplitude. RESULTS The study found that irradiated HNC survivors exhibited prolonged temporal measures, particularly in the offset duration, which suggested a delayed descent of the hyolaryngeal complex during swallowing. Additionally, the HNC group showed a positive correlation between submental and infrahyoid sEMG. Furthermore, it was observed that the rate of increase in the duration of submental sEMG during subsequent swallowing was greater in HNC survivors which could be due to reduced salivation. CONCLUSION Compared to age-matched normal individuals, irradiated HNC survivors manifest alterations in the submental muscle activities during dry swallowing as measured using sEMG. The temporal and amplitude changes are likely to have arisen as a consequence of post-radiation changes.
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Nayak SG, George A, Sharan K, Nayak BS, Ravishankar N. Effectiveness of Comprehensive Intervention Programme on Quality of life, fatigue, self-efficacy, and psychosocial distress among head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:216. [PMID: 38448712 PMCID: PMC10917822 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed at evaluating the Effectiveness of Comprehensive Intervention Programme (CIP) on Quality of life (QOL), fatigue, self-efficacy, and psychosocial distress among Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) patients receiving radiotherapy treatment. METHODS Single-centre non-RCT time series study was conducted among 134 HNC patients (67 observed, followed by 67 subjected to CIP). FACT- H&N, FACT-F, Cancer Behavior Inventory and psychosocial distress scales were used to assess QOL, fatigue, self-efficacy, and psychosocial distress respectively. CIP was provided to the intervention arm twice a week during the course of radiation therapy along with the standard care; the control arm received only standard care. Data were collected before commencing radiotherapy, and post-test assessments were carried out at the end of radiotherapy treatment, and at 3 and 6 months after completion of radiotherapy. RESULTS Repeated measures ANOVA revealed a statistically significant improvement with CIP in QOL (F (1.917) = 454.103, p = 0.001), fatigue (F (2.106) = 183.775, p = 0.001), self-efficacy (F (2.429) = 190.861, p = 0.001), and psychosocial distress (F (2.288) = 290.105, p = 0.001) in the intervention arm. CONCLUSION The CIP implemented to address multitude of issues in HNC patients receiving radiotherapy, proved to be effective in reducing the impact of treatment on QOL, fatigue, self-efficacy and psychosocial distress in HNC patients receiving radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Ganesh Nayak
- Medical Surgical Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anice George
- Medical Surgical Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Radiotherapy & Oncology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Baby S Nayak
- Department of Child Health Nursing Manipal College of Nursing Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - N Ravishankar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Srinath S, Jishnu PV, Varghese VK, Shukla V, Adiga D, Mallya S, Chakrabarty S, Sharan K, Pandey D, Chatterjee A, Kabekkodu SP. Regulation and tumor-suppressive function of the miR-379/miR-656 (C14MC) cluster in cervical cancer. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38400534 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a key contributor to cancer-related mortality in several countries. The identification of molecular markers and the underlying mechanism may help improve CC management. We studied the regulation and biological function of the chromosome 14 microRNA cluster (C14MC; miR-379/miR-656) in CC. Most C14MC members exhibited considerably lower expression in CC tissues and cell lines in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma patient cohorts. Bisulfite Sanger sequencing revealed hypermethylation of the C14MC promoter in CC tissues and cell lines. 5-aza-2 deoxy cytidine treatment reactivated expression of the C14MC members. We demonstrated that C14MC is a methylation-regulated miRNA cluster via artificial methylation and luciferase reporter assays. C14MC downregulation correlated with poor overall survival and may promote metastasis. C14MC activation via the lentiviral-based CRISPRa approach inhibited growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion; enhanced G2/M arrest; and induced senescence. Post-transcriptional regulatory network analysis of C14MC transcriptomic data revealed enrichment of key cancer-related pathways, such as metabolism, the cell cycle, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling. Reduced cell proliferation, growth, migration, invasion, and senescence correlated with the downregulation of active AKT, MYC, and cyclin E1 (CCNE1) and the overexpression of p16, p21, and p27. We showed that C14MC miRNA activation increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, intracellular Ca2+ levels, and lipid peroxidation rates, and inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). C14MC targets pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-3 (PDK3) according to the luciferase reporter assay. PDK3 is overexpressed in CC and is inversely correlated with C14MC. Both miR-494-mimic transfection and C14MC activation inhibited PDK3 expression. Reduced glucose uptake and lactate production, and upregulation of PDK3 upon C14MC activation suggest the potential role of these proteins in metabolic reprogramming. Finally, we showed that C14MC activation may inhibit EMT signaling. Thus, C14MC is a tumor-suppressive and methylation-regulated miRNA cluster in CC. Reactivation of C14MC can be useful in the management of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriharikrishnaa Srinath
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Padacherri Vethil Jishnu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Vinay Koshy Varghese
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
- Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Aniruddha Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
- Center for DNA Repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India
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Varghese JJ, Aithal VU, Sharan K, Rajashekar B. Speech-Language Pathologist's Pattern of Practice in the Rehabilitation of Head and Neck Cancer patients across Hospitals in India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:453-460. [PMID: 38415530 PMCID: PMC11077129 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.2.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE India has a significant burden of Head and Neck cancer (HNC) patients. Patients afflicted with HNC often encounter difficulties in speech, voice, and swallowing, either due to the disease itself or the treatment they receive. The rehabilitation of HNC patients is crucial, and Speech and Language Pathologists (SLPs) have a significant role in it. The current study aimed to understand the practices followed by SLPs in India while rehabilitating HNC patients. METHODS A questionnaire was developed and validated by five Speech-language pathologists, before circulation as an E-survey. The target participants were SLPs working in hospitals across India. The final online version of the questionnaire remained open for eight weeks. RESULT A total of 75 Hospital-based SLPs working in India participated in the survey. The responses depict notable trends and differences in the assessment and management approaches. HNC patients who had undergone surgery were more likely to be referred for rehabilitation than those who received non-surgical treatments. Only 36% of the SLPs reported getting pre-operative referrals for HNC patients. The time point for initial assessment and intervention, as well as the protocols used, varied across different hospitals. About 50% of participants had instrumental swallow evaluation facilities in their hospitals, and the majority of hospitals only used instrumental swallow evaluation for 1-3 assessments per week. CONCLUSION Variability exists in several aspects of SLP practice for HNC patients offered across Hospitals in India. All HNC patients do not get access to speech-language pathology services. Developing standardized protocols towards early evaluation, intervention and enhancing compliance could improve SLP-led rehabilitation of HNC patients in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Jaison Varghese
- Research Scholar, Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Venkataraja U. Aithal
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Justice KS Hegde Medical College, Nitte (Deemed to be University); Former Professor & Head, Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
| | - Bellur Rajashekar
- Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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Narasimhamurthy RK, Venkidesh BS, Nayak S, Reghunathan D, Mallya S, Sharan K, Rao BSS, Mumbrekar KD. Low-dose exposure to malathion and radiation results in the dysregulation of multiple neuronal processes, inducing neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration in mouse. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:1403-1418. [PMID: 38038914 PMCID: PMC10789675 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a debilitating and persistent threat to the global elderly population, carrying grim outcomes. Their genesis is often multifactorial, with a history of prior exposure to xenobiotics such as pesticides, heavy metals, enviornmental pollutants, ionizing radiation etc,. A holistic molecular insight into their mechanistic induction upon single or combinatorial exposure to different toxicants is still unclear. In the present study, one-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were administered orally with malathion (50 mg/kg body wt. for 14 days) and single whole-body radiation (0.5 Gy) on the 8th day. Post-treatment, behavioural assays for exploratory behaviour, memory, and learning were performed. After sacrifice, brains were collected for histology, biochemical assays, and transcriptomic analysis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed several altered processes like synaptic transmission and plasticity, neuronal survival, proliferation, and death. Signalling pathways like MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Apelin, NF-κB, cAMP, Notch etc., and pathways related to neurodegenerative diseases were altered. Increased astrogliosis was observed in the radiation and coexposure groups, with significant neuronal cell death and a reduction in the expression of NeuN. Sholl analysis, dendritic arborization and spine density studies revealed decreased total apical neuronal path length and dendritic spine density. Reduced levels of the antioxidants GST and GSH and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity were also detected. However, no changes were seen in exploratory behaviour or learning and memory post-treatment. Thus, explicating the molecular mechanisms behind malathion and radiation can provide novel insights into external factor-driven neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Koravadi Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Babu Santhi Venkidesh
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangeetha Nayak
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Reghunathan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
- Directorate of Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Nayak SG, George A, Sharan K, Nayak BS, Salins N. Interventions to improve quality of life in patients with head and neck cancers receiving radiation therapy: a scoping review. Support Care Cancer 2023; 32:31. [PMID: 38102525 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality of life (QOL) is impaired in patients with head and neck cancers (HNC) due to illness and treatment-associated morbidity. Although there is evidence from the studies on interventions' role in improving QOL receiving radiation therapy, these are not systematically synthesised. In this scoping review, we searched and synthesised the evidence on interventions to improve the QOL and its impact among patients with HNCs. METHODS This scoping review was conducted using the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, and the extensions suggested by Levac et al. were incorporated. Two reviewers independently searched four electronic databases using key thesaurus and free-text terms, and the data was extracted, tabulated, synthesised and reported as categories. RESULTS Seventy-nine papers reported various interventions of diverse nature such as pharmacological, physical, nutritional, complementary and alternative therapies, psychosocial, oral care related, laser and photobiomodulation therapies, rehabilitative, educational, technology-based, surgical, device-related and nurse lead interventions. Most studies reported clinically meaningful impact of interventions on QOL, although the outcome differences were often statistically insignificant. Few studies reported a combination of interventions to address the multidimensional concerns faced by patients with HNCs. None of the studies examined the impact of interventions on QOL among long-term survivors of HNCs. CONCLUSION As QOL concerns in patients with HNCs are multifaceted, more extensive studies with complex multi-component interventions and robust research designs are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Ganesh Nayak
- Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anice George
- Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Radiotherapy & Oncology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Baby S Nayak
- Department of Child Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Salins
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Venkidesh BS, Narasimhamurthy RK, Jnana A, Reghunathan D, Sharan K, Chandraguthi SG, Saigal M, Murali TS, Mumbrekar KD. Pelvic irradiation induces behavioural and neuronal damage through gut dysbiosis in a rat model. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110775. [PMID: 37866488 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Radiation exposure can cause gut dysbiosis and there is a positive correlation between gut microbial imbalance and radiation-induced side effects in cancer patients. However, the influence of radiation on the gut-brain axis (GBA) and its neurological consequences are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of pelvic irradiation on gut microbiota and the brain. Sprague Dawley rats were irradiated with a single dose of 6 Gy, and faecal samples were collected at different time points (7 and 12-days post-irradiation) for microbial analysis. Behavioural, histological, and gene expression analysis were performed to assess the effect of microbial dysbiosis on the brain. The findings indicated alterations in microbial diversity, disrupted intestinal morphology and integrity, neuronal death-related brain changes, neuroinflammation and reduced locomotor activity. Hippocampal gene expression analysis also showed a reduced expression of neural plasticity-related genes. Overall, this study demonstrated that pelvic irradiation affects gut microbiota, intestinal morphology, integrity, brain neuronal maturation, neural plasticity gene expression, and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Santhi Venkidesh
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha K Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Apoorva Jnana
- Department of Public Health Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Reghunathan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinidhi G Chandraguthi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mehreen Saigal
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Thokur S Murali
- Department of Public Health Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Parida P, Lewis S, Sharan K, Kamal MV, Kumar NAN, Godkhindi VM, Varambally S, Rangnekar VM, Rao M, Damerla RR. Increased Gene Expression of C1orf74 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Cervical Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2530. [PMID: 37947608 PMCID: PMC10649411 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
C1orf74, also known as URCL4, has been reported to have higher expression and be associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients, and its role in regulation of the EGFR/AKT/mTORC1 pathway has been recently elucidated. In the current study, we used publicly available data and experimental validation of C1orf74 gene expression and its association with prognosis in cervical cancer patients. qRT-PCR was performed using RNA from cervical cancer cell lines and twenty-five cervical cancer patients. Data from TNMplot revealed that mRNA expression of the C1orf74 gene in primary tumor tissues, as well as metastatic tissues from cervical cancer patients, was significantly higher compared to normal cervical tissues. HPV-positive tumors had higher expression of this gene compared to HPV-negative tumors. qPCR analysis also demonstrated higher expression of C1orf74 in HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines and most cervical cancer patients. The promoter methylation levels of the C1orf74 gene in cervical cancer tissues were lower compared to normal cervical tissues (p < 0.05). Collectively, our study indicates that higher expression of the C1orf74 gene caused by hypomethylation of its promoter is associated with poor overall survival in cervical cancer patients. Thus, C1orf74 is a novel prognostic marker in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetiparna Parida
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India;
| | - Shirley Lewis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (S.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (S.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Mehta Vedant Kamal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (M.V.K.); (N.A.N.K.)
| | - Naveena A. N. Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (M.V.K.); (N.A.N.K.)
| | - Vishwapriya M. Godkhindi
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India;
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Translational Research, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rama Rao Damerla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India;
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Nayak SG, Sharan K, George A. Attributes of Psychosocial Distress from the Perspectives of Head-and-Neck Cancer Patients - A Thematic Analysis. Indian J Palliat Care 2023; 29:181-185. [PMID: 37325267 PMCID: PMC10261933 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_185_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Patients diagnosed with head-and-neck cancer (HNC) face unique challenges in comparison to other types of cancers. Sources of psychosocial distress (PSD) are multifactorial and recognising the key attributes would facilitate better understanding of the experienced distress, potentially enabling directed intervention strategies. The present research was conducted to explore the key attributes of PSD from HNC patients' perspective to develop a tool. Material and Methods The study adopted a qualitative approach. The data were collected from nine HNC patients receiving radiotherapy through focus group discussion. Data were transcribed, read and reread through for searching the meanings and patterns, to familiarise with the data and obtain ideas on experiences related to PSD. Similar experiences identified across the dataset were sorted and then collated into themes. Detailed analysis of themes and related quotes of the participants are reported with each theme. Results The codes generated from the study are grouped under four major themes; 'Irksome symptoms are distressing,' 'Distressing physical disability inflicted by the situation,' 'Social Curiosity - a distressing element' and 'Distressing uncertainty of future'. The attributes of PSD and the magnitude of psychosocial problems were reflected in the findings. Conclusion Psychosocial health of HNC patients is greatly impacted due to disease and/or treatment. Dynamic patterns of attributes identified from the study contributed to developing a tool on PSD. The findings of this study also necessitate the need for constructing an intervention for reducing PSD based on the attributes from the HNC patient's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Ganesh Nayak
- Department of Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anice George
- Department of Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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12
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Ramesh D, Bakkannavar S, Bhat VR, Sharan K. Extracellular vesicles as novel drug delivery systems to target cancer and other diseases: Recent advancements and future perspectives. F1000Res 2023; 12:329. [PMID: 37868300 PMCID: PMC10589634 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132186.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound vesicles produced into the extracellular space by cells. Apoptotic bodies (ApoBD), microvesicles (MVs), and exosomes are examples of EVs, which act as essential regulators in cell-cell communication in both normal and diseased conditions. Natural cargo molecules such as miRNA, messenger RNA, and proteins are carried by EVs and transferred to nearby cells or distant cells through the process of circulation. Different signalling cascades are then influenced by these functionally active molecules. The information to be delivered to the target cells depends on the substances within the EVs that also includes synthesis method. EVs have attracted interest as potential delivery vehicles for therapies due to their features such as improved circulation stability, biocompatibility, reduced immunogenicity, and toxicity. Therefore, EVs are being regarded as potent carriers of therapeutics that can be used as a therapeutic agent for diseases like cancer. This review focuses on the exosome-mediated drug delivery to cancer cells and the advantages and challenges of using exosomes as a carrier molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ramesh
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shankar Bakkannavar
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vinutha R Bhat
- Biochemistry, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Radiotherapy Oncology, Katsurba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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13
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Patil N, Lewis S, Udupa CB, V RK, Sharan K. Perineal body squamous cell carcinoma treated with radical radiotherapy - a case report. Ecancermedicalscience 2023; 17:1534. [PMID: 37138957 PMCID: PMC10151084 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2023.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Perianal tumours are a rare site of malignancy, and tumours primarily involving the perineal body without vaginal and anal canal involvement are uncommon. Case summary A 67-year-old woman presented with a lesion involving the perineum and rectovaginal septum without extension into vaginal or anorectal mucosa and with skip lesions in the vulva. Biopsy was confirmative of squamous cell carcinoma, with p16 positive. A complete metastatic workup with MRI of the pelvis and CECT thorax and abdomen was done. She was diagnosed with perianal carcinoma stage cT2N0M0 Stage II (American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th Edition of Cancer Staging) since the lesion reached the anal verge. Given the location of the tumour (perineal body), comorbidities and advanced age, she received radical radiotherapy with an intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique - 56 Gy in 28 fractions with the intention of organ preservation. The response assessment with MRI at 3 months showed a complete tumour response. She has been disease-free for 3 years and is on regular follow-ups. Conclusion Isolated perineal body squamous cell carcinomas are unusual, and synchronous vulvar skip lesion makes this case unique. Radical radiotherapy achieved organ preservation with tumour control and minimal toxicity in an elderly frail patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Patil
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shirley Lewis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Chethana B Udupa
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajagopal K V
- Department of Radiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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14
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S Nair S, Devi VNM, Sharan K, Nagesh J, Nallapati B, Kotian S. A Dosimetric Study Comparing Different Radiotherapy Planning Techniques With and Without Deep Inspiratory Breath Hold for Breast Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:3581-3587. [PMID: 36601278 PMCID: PMC9807273 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s381316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze whether deep inspiratory breath hold (DIBH) would be dosimetrically beneficial irrespective of radiotherapy planning techniques for patients with left breast cancers requiring adjuvant radiotherapy. Methods Planning CT scans were taken in free-breathing (FB) as well as deep-inspiration breath hold (DIBH) for patients requiring adjuvant radiotherapy for left breast cancers. After registration, three radiotherapy plans - 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), intensity modulated RT (IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc-therapy (VMAT) - were generated for both FB and DIBH scans for each patient. The dose-volume parameters were collected from the dose-volume histogram and analyzed. A paired t-test is used for statistical analysis of the parameters. Findings The study was conducted on thirteen patients. The mean dose of the left lung was reduced with DIBH by 32%, 24%, and 6% (8.6 Gy, 6.6 Gy, and 6.4 Gy) with 3DCRT, IMRT, and VMAT, respectively. The mean heart dose was reduced by 3.3 Gy (2.2 vs 5.5 Gy), 2.2 Gy (7.5 vs 9.7 Gy), and 1.2 Gy (5.8 vs 7 Gy) with 3DCRT, IMRT, and VMAT with DIBH. Similarly, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) mean dose was relatively reduced by 80%, 34%, and 20% when compared with the FB scans for 3DCRT, IMRT, and VMAT respectively, with max dose in the 3DCRT plan. Novelty/Applications DIBH appears to have maximum benefit in achieving a better sparing of organs-at-risk for patients being considered for 3DCRT, and to a lesser extent with even IMRT and VMAT techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath S Nair
- Department of Physics, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education Kumaracoil, Tamilnadu, India,Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India,Correspondence: Sarath S Nair, Email
| | - V N Meena Devi
- Department of Physics, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education Kumaracoil, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Jyothi Nagesh
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Brahmaiah Nallapati
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Shambhavi Kotian
- Department of Medical Physics, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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15
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Gangil T, Sharan K, Rao BD, Palanisamy K, Chakrabarti B, Kadavigere R. Utility of adding Radiomics to clinical features in predicting the outcomes of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer using machine learning. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277168. [PMID: 36520945 PMCID: PMC9754241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiomics involves the extraction of quantitative information from annotated Computed-Tomography (CT) images, and has been used to predict outcomes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). Subjecting combined Radiomics and Clinical features to Machine Learning (ML) could offer better predictions of clinical outcomes. This study is a comparative performance analysis of ML models with Clinical, Radiomics, and Clinico-Radiomic datasets for predicting four outcomes of HNSCC treated with Curative Radiation Therapy (RT): Distant Metastases, Locoregional Recurrence, New Primary, and Residual Disease. METHODOLOGY The study used retrospective data of 311 HNSCC patients treated with radiotherapy between 2013-2018 at our centre. Binary prediction models were developed for the four outcomes with Clinical-only, Clinico-Radiomic, and Radiomics-only datasets, using three different ML classification algorithms namely, Random Forest (RF), Kernel Support Vector Machine (KSVM), and XGBoost. The best-performing ML algorithms of the three dataset groups was then compared. RESULTS The Clinico-Radiomic dataset using KSVM classifier provided the best prediction. Predicted mean testing accuracy for Distant Metastases, Locoregional Recurrence, New Primary, and Residual Disease was 97%, 72%, 99%, and 96%, respectively. The mean area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) was calculated and displayed for all the models using three dataset groups. CONCLUSION Clinico-Radiomic dataset improved the predictive ability of ML models over clinical features alone, while models built using Radiomics performed poorly. Radiomics data could therefore effectively supplement clinical data in predicting outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Gangil
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - B. Dinesh Rao
- Manipal School of Information Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Rajagopal Kadavigere
- Department of Radiology, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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16
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Kairanna N, Vasudevan G, Karanth V, Sharan K. Ectopic Cervical Thymoma: An Uncommon Entity. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:5884-5887. [PMID: 36742565 PMCID: PMC9895253 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymomas originates from the epithelial cells of thymic tissue. These tumors commonly occur in the anterior mediastinum. However, thymomas can arise anywhere from the aberrant or remnant thymus in the neck or mediastinum. Ectopic cervical thymoma is a rare disease. It is important to be aware that cervical masses can also be thymomas rather than thyroid or parathyroid masses. Here, we present a case of a 62-year-old female who presented with swelling in the neck and was diagnosed with cervical thymoma type AB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitha Kairanna
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Geetha Vasudevan
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Veena Karanth
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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17
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Johnson N, Varghese JJ, Sharan K, Aithal VU, Murphy B. Sociocultural adaptation, translation and pre-testing of the Kannada version of Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey 2.0. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2022; 6:118. [PMID: 36434274 PMCID: PMC9700549 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-022-00523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients often undergo radiation therapy as part of their treatment. However, radiation therapy can have many side effects, including oral toxicities. Evaluating these toxicities is often considered a challenging task for practicing clinicians due to the lack of assessment tools. The objective of this study is to culturally adapt, translate and validate the Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey (VHNSS), an instrument designed to assess oral toxicities and changes in oral functioning in HNC patients receiving radiation therapy. METHODS The VHNSS 2.0 was first culturally adapted and translated, following which 36 HNC patients undergoing radiation therapy were identified through the incidental sampling method. The translated version of VHNSS 2.0 was then administered to these patients. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and Mc Donald's Omega. Test-retest reliability was also analyzed. RESULTS Items of the translated version of VHNSS 2.0 showed good content validity. The omega values yielded higher reliability coefficients than the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Test-retest reliability was found to be 0.8, indicating good reliability. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study suggest that the translated Kannada version of the VHNSS 2.0 is linguistically equivalent to the original version. Hence, this tool can be considered a valid and reliable patient-reported tool to evaluate oral symptomatology in HNC patients speaking the Kannada language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Johnson
- grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Janet Jaison Varghese
- grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- grid.465547.10000 0004 1765 924XDepartment of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Venkataraja U. Aithal
- grid.411639.80000 0001 0571 5193Department of Speech and Hearing, Manipal College of Health Professions, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka India
| | - Barbara Murphy
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN USA
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Velu U, Shetty P, Sharan K, Singh A. Spleen as an Organ at Risk (OAR) in Adjuvant Chemoradiotherapy of Gastric Cancer-Retrospective Dosimetric Single Institutional Experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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19
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Velu U, Sharan K, Singh A, Salins S, Reddy A. The Effectiveness of PAlliative Split COurse RAdiotherapy (PASCORA) Regimen in Non-Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer Patients Who are Treated with Palliative Intent – A Retrospective Single Center Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Hammel P, Golan T, Reni M, Van Cutsem E, Macarulla Mercade T, Hall M, Park J, Hochhauser D, Arnold D, Oh DY, Reinacher-Schick A, Tortora G, Algül H, O'Reilly E, Sharan K, Ou X, Cui K, Locker G, Kindler H. 1298P Extended overall survival results from the POLO study of active maintenance olaparib in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and a germline BRCA mutation. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Nayak SG, Sharan K, Chakrabarty J, Devi ES, Ravishankar N, George A. Psychosocial Distress of Head Neck Cancer (HNC) Patients Receiving Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:1827-1835. [PMID: 35763621 PMCID: PMC9587841 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.6.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) patients are at increased risk of psychosocial distress compared with patients with other forms of cancer. Various symptoms of the disease and side effects of treatment are attributing factors for distress. This systematic review aimed to identify the prevalence of psychosocial distress among HNC patients receiving radiotherapy. Methods: The following search engines from 2000-2021 were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, ProQuest, Scopus, and Embase. Citation checking and extensive reference checking were also conducted. Cross-sectional, longitudinal, cohort, exploratory and prospective, repeated measure studies published in English were included. Newcastle Ottawa Scale assessed the quality, and the data were extracted on a validated data extraction form. Results: Out of 782 articles, eleven records met the eligibility criteria, including 776 HNC patients receiving radiotherapy. Data were synthesized and summarized descriptively as measurements were not homogenous. Prevalence estimates of depression or depressive symptoms were calculated. Outcomes were measured with various measuring tools and reported in frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation in various studies. All studies reported depression ranging from 9.8% to 83.8%, and pooled estimated prevalence of depression among HNC patients receiving radiotherapy is 63% (95% CI 42-83) with significant heterogeneity (I2= 97.66%; p<0.001). An increase in the trend is observed along with treatment progression. Another three studies reported anxiety along with depression. Physical symptoms, body image, low social support, fatigue specific radiotherapy regimens were the predictive factors of depression. Conclusion: HNC patients are psychosocially distressed during radiotherapy, and the distress is steadily increased during the therapy. The predictive factors could serve as potential areas of intervention and supportive therapy during radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini G Nayak
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College & Kasturba Hospital Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Jyothi Chakrabarty
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Elsa Sanatombi Devi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Nagaraja Ravishankar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, India
| | - Anice George
- Department of Child Health Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Mohanty S, Augustine P, Velu U, Singh A, Reddy A, Salins S, Sharan K. CLO22-069: Radiation Induced Lymphopenia (RAILs on Time Saves Nine!) In Carcinoma Esophagus! J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2022. [DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2021.7233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheel Mohanty
- 1 Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Umesh Velu
- 1 Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anshul Singh
- 1 Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anusha Reddy
- 1 Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Harding R, Salins N, Sharan K, Ekstrand ML. Health literacy in communication, decision-making and outcomes among cancer patients, their families and clinicians in India: A multicentre cross-sectional qualitative study. Psychooncology 2022; 31:532-540. [PMID: 34687573 PMCID: PMC10505478 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer patients in India prefer full information regarding diagnosis and prognosis, but evidence suggests poor insight. This study aimed to identify the role of health literacy among adult patients living with cancer, their families and health professionals in decision-making and treatment outcomes in India. METHODS This cross-sectional in-depth study recruited patients, families and clinicians from three centers. Inductive thematic analysis informed a novel conceptual model. RESULTS We recruited n = 34 cancer patients, n = 33 family members, n = 11 doctors and n = 14 nurses (N = 92). Principle emergent themes were the following: (1) Preferences and dynamics of diagnosis and prognosis disclosure, for example, the dominant preference was for families who held hope for cure to discourage disclosure; clinicians sometimes disclosed in line with perceived ability to pay for treatment. (2) Understanding of disease and its treatment options (etiology, potential trajectory, treatment options), for example, lay understandings of cancer etiology as contamination from outside the home, and reluctance of patients to ask questions of clinicians. (3) Priorities in decision-making, for example, not engaging patients due to fear of patient distress, patients initiated on anticancer treatments without knowledge or consent, pursuing futile treatments. (4) Anxieties over finances and outcomes (disclosure, decision-making, care pathways), for example, clinicians attempting to reduce families pursuing expensive and inappropriate treatment options with patients who have poor insight, catastrophic spending based on poor decisions. CONCLUSION The novel evidence-based health literacy model offers potential for feasible and acceptable intervention to support families in communication, disclosure and decision-making. This may improve patients' access to informed, appropriate care pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Harding
- Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Naveen Salins
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Maria L. Ekstrand
- Division of Prevention Science, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Augustine P, Lewis S, Velu U, Shinde K, Singh A, Reddy A, Salins N, Sharan K. P-57 Improving acute mucositis related pain in head and neck cancer patients receiving curative intent Radiotherapy: A Quality Improvement study in the Covid era. Oral Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1368-8375(21)00344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bhat S, Kabekkodu SP, Adiga D, Fernandes R, Shukla V, Bhandari P, Pandey D, Sharan K, Satyamoorthy K. ZNF471 modulates EMT and functions as methylation regulated tumor suppressor with diagnostic and prognostic significance in cervical cancer. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 37:731-749. [PMID: 33566221 PMCID: PMC8490246 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death among women in developing countries. However, the underlying mechanisms and molecular targets for therapy remain to be fully understood. We investigated the epigenetic regulation, biological functions, and clinical utility of zinc-finger protein 471 (ZNF471) in CC. Analysis of cervical tissues and five independent public datasets of CC showed significant hypermethylation of the ZNF471 gene promoter. In CC cell lines, promoter DNA methylation was inversely correlated with ZNF471 expression. The sensitivity and specificity of the ZNF471 hypermethylation for squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) vs tumor and normal vs tumor was above 85% with AUC of 0.937. High methylation and low ZNF471 expression predicted poor overall and recurrence-free survival. We identified -686 to +114 bp as ZNF471 promoter, regulated by methylation using transient transfection and luciferase assays. The promoter CpG site methylation of ZNF471 was significantly different among cancer types and tumor grades. Gal4-based heterologous luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that ZNF471 acts as a transcriptional repressor. The retroviral mediated overexpression of ZNF471 in SiHa and CaSki cells inhibited growth, proliferation, cell migration, invasion; delayed cell cycle progression in vitro by increasing cell doubling time; and reduced tumor growth in vivo in nude mice. ZNF471 overexpression inhibited key members of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Wnt, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. ZNF471 inhibited EMT by directly targeting vimentin as analyzed by bioinformatic analysis, ChIP-PCR, and western blotting. Thus, ZNF471 CpG specific promoter methylation may determine the prognosis of CC and could function as a potential tumor suppressor by targeting EMT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samatha Bhat
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Rayzel Fernandes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Poonam Bhandari
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Adiga D, Eswaran S, Pandey D, Sharan K, Kabekkodu SP. Molecular landscape of recurrent cervical cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 157:103178. [PMID: 33279812 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a major gynecological problem in developing and underdeveloped countries. Despite the significant advancement in early detection and treatment modalities, several patients recur. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms responsible for CC recurrence remains obscure. The patients with CC recurrence often show poor prognosis and significantly high mortality rates. The clinical management of recurrent CC depends on treatment history, site, and extent of the recurrence. Owing to poor prognosis and limited treatment options, recurrent CC often presents a challenge to the clinicians. Several in vitro, in vivo, and patient studies have led to the identification of the critical molecular changes responsible for CC recurrence. Both aberrant genetic and epigenetic modifications leading to altered cell signaling pathways have been reported to impact CC recurrence. Researchers are currently trying to dissect the molecular pathways in CC and translate these findings for better management of disease. This article attempts to review the existing knowledge of disease relapse, accompanying challenges, and associated molecular players in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sangavi Eswaran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of OBGYN, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Meitei HY, Uppangala S, Sharan K, Chandraguthi SG, Radhakrishnan A, Kalthur G, Schlatt S, Adiga SK. A Simple, Centrifugation-Free, Sperm-Sorting Device Eliminates the Risks of Centrifugation in the Swim-Up Method While Maintaining Functional Competence and DNA Integrity of Selected Spermatozoa. Reprod Sci 2020; 28:134-143. [PMID: 32734563 PMCID: PMC7782414 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This pilot study was conducted to explore the benefits of using a centrifugation-free device based on the migration–sedimentation (MS) technique over centrifugation-based techniques in selecting competent spermatozoa, as compared with using split human semen samples. Ejaculates from 35 men undergoing semen analysis were split into four parts where one part was retained as the neat (NE) and the other three parts were subjected to sperm selection by using migration–sedimentation (MS), density gradient (DG) separation, and swim-up (SU) techniques. Sperm functional characteristics along with mitochondrial integrity, tyrosine phosphorylation, acrosome reaction, and ultrastructure were measured. The ability of selection techniques in reducing spontaneous and radiation-induced sperm DNA lesions was assessed by the TUNEL assay. In results, MS-selected spermatozoa had higher viability (P < 0.001), longevity in terms of total motility at the end of 6 and 18 h post-extraction (P < 0.001), and mitochondrial integrity (P < 0.001) compared with those selected by DG. Furthermore, spontaneous DNA lesions were significantly reduced in MS and SU fractions compared with NE (P < 0.001). Similarly, radiation-induced sperm DNA lesions were significantly lower in MS and SU fractions (P < 0.001) compared with DG. Ultrastructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy suggested a moderate, non-significant increase in the number of spermatozoa with normal head and mid-piece in MS fraction compared with other methods. In conclusion, the MS-based device offers a centrifugation-free, efficient, and reliable sperm selection method, making it suitable for partially equipped intra-uterine insemination (IUI) laboratories or office IUI programmes. Further research should focus on the safety and clinical usefulness of the device in assisted conception programmes in general and IUI in specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidrom Yaiphaba Meitei
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Shubhashree Uppangala
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | | | | | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Stefan Schlatt
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Satish Kumar Adiga
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
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Jishnu PV, Jayaram P, Shukla V, Varghese VK, Pandey D, Sharan K, Chakrabarty S, Satyamoorthy K, Kabekkodu SP. Prognostic role of 14q32.31 miRNA cluster in various carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:31-46. [PMID: 31813069 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-10013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated miR-379/miR-656 cluster expression is considered as important for carcinogenesis and can be used as a potential prognostic marker. Hence, the meta-analysis was conducted to test the utility of miR-379/miR-656 cluster as a prognostic marker in various cancers. A literature search was performed using Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Library to obtain relevant studies and were subjected to various subgroup and bioinformatics analyses. Selected twenty-three studies contained 13 cancer types comprising of 3294 patients from 7 nations. Univariate and multivariate data showed an association of high expression of miRNAs with the poor prognosis of cancer patients (p < 0.001). The subgroup analysis showed that lung cancer, breast cancer and papillary renal cell carcinoma (p < 0.001) have a negative association with the survival of patients. Our study is the first meta-analysis showing the association of miR-379/miR-656 cluster expression and overall survival, suggesting its potential as a prognostic indicator in multiple cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padacherri Vethil Jishnu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Pradyumna Jayaram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vinay Koshy Varghese
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of Obstetrics, & Gynaecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, MAHE, Manipal, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Varghese VK, Shukla V, Jishnu PV, Kabekkodu SP, Pandey D, Sharan K, Satyamoorthy K. Characterizing methylation regulated miRNA in carcinoma of the human uterine cervix. Life Sci 2019; 232:116668. [PMID: 31326568 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene regulatory mechanisms determine the multistep carcinogenesis process. Two aspects of epigenetics are microRNA (miRNAs) and DNA methylation that regulate distinct biological mechanisms such as metastasis, apoptosis cell proliferation and induction of senescence. Although critical, the interplay between these two epigenetic mechanisms is yet to be completely understood, particularly in cervical cancer. To study the DNA methylation regulation of miRNAs and its potential role in cervical cancer, we investigated the differential methylation pattern of two candidate miRNAs (miR-375 and miR-196a-1) during cervical cancer progression against normal cervical epithelium (NCE) by bisulfite DNA sequencing. miR-375 and miR-196a-1 were hypermethylated in Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) against NCE and Cervical Intra-Epithelial Neoplasia (CIN) (p < 0.05). Treatment with demethylating agent reactivated the miR-375 and miR-196a-1 expression in SiHa, HeLa and CaSki cells. In vitro artificial methylation by M.SssI followed by dual luciferase assay confirmed miR-375 and miR-196a-1 as methylation regulated miRNAs (P < 0.05). miR-375 and miR-196a-1 expression levels were negatively correlated with methylation levels in clinical specimens. We further identified Replication Factor C Subunit 3 (RFC3) and High Mobility Group AT-Hook 1 (HMGA1) as targets of miR-375 and miR-196a-1 respectively by dual luciferase reporter assay. Our analysis indicates that miR-375 and miR-196a-1 are DNA methylation regulated miRNAs whose deregulation may facilitate pathophysiology of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Koshy Varghese
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Padacherri Vethil Jishnu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Deeksha Pandey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
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Bandlamudi BP, Sharan K, Yathiraj PH, Singh A, Reddy A, Fernandes DJ, Srinivasa VM. A study on the impact of patient-related parameters in the ability to spare parotid glands by intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. J Cancer Res Ther 2018; 14:1220-1224. [PMID: 30488833 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_362_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Objectives This study aims to study the effect of geometric- and patient-related variables in achieving the desired dose-volume constraints to parotid for patients undergoing definitive/adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Subjects and Methods This retrospective study considered HNSCC patients who underwent IMRT at our center between 2009 and 2014. Patients' details and dose-volume parameters were collected, and correlated with dose to parotids using Pearson's correlation test. Results Sixty-seven patients were found to be eligible. Oral primary predominated (37.3%) and 53 (79%) had locally advanced disease. The parotid volume (PV) had no impact on mean dose. There was a negative linear correlation between the ratio (Parotid-planning target volume [PTV] overlap)/PV and mean dose to the whole parotid (y = 1.14-0.011×; R2 = 0.509; P = 0.001), suggesting that a ratio of 0.7 resulted in mean dose ≥ 40 Gy and potentially irreversible xerostomia. No association was found between site of primary and parotid dose, but node-positive (N+) patients received significantly higher dose compared to N0 patients (34.5 Gy vs. 29.5 Gy; P = 0.001). N + patients persisted to receive higher dose even when T stage was accounted for (32.5 Gy vs. 28.9 Gy for </= T2, 35.4 Gy vs. 30.1 Gy for > T2; P = 0.003). On the last follow-up, 35 patients (52%) had >/=Grade II xerostomia. Average mean dose to combined PV was higher in patients with > grade I xerostomia compared to patients with </=Grade I (35 Gy vs. 29 Gy; P = 0.01). Conclusion The degree of PTV overlap with parotid (≥30%) and N + disease are the strongest predictors of poor parotid sparing by IMRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Prakash Bandlamudi
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Prahlad Hiremagalur Yathiraj
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anshul Singh
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anusha Reddy
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Donald Jerard Fernandes
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidyasagar Mamidipudi Srinivasa
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Dsouza SM, Vyas N, Narayanan P, Parsekar SS, Gore M, Sharan K. A qualitative study on experiences and needs of breast cancer survivors in Karnataka, India. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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DAlmeida M, Nagesh J, Balasubramanian R, Chandraguthi SG, Nair S, Shreekripa, Sharan K. Dosimetric Comparison between Two Different Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy and 3D-Conformal Radiation Therapy Planning Techniques for Carcinoma of Breast Following Conservative Surgery. J Clin Diagn Res 2018. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2018/31495.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yadav PK, Sathian B, Sherchan R, Fatima H, Sharan K, Hussain SA, Chawla R, Alsayyah A, Taneja A. Pattern of Pediatric Oncology Cases in the Western Region of Nepal. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:3213-3215. [PMID: 29281869 PMCID: PMC5980873 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.12.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancers form a rare and heterogeneous group which fortunately have a higher cure rate than adult cancers. A few non-profit organizations in Nepal have extended support to help patients suffering from cancer, but their main focus has been on adults. The objective of this study was to establish the pattern of childhood cancers in the Western region of Nepal. We reviewed cases receiving external radiotherapy with both palliative and curative intent between 28th September 2010 and 30th September 2015 at the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Manipal Teaching Hospital affiliated with Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. Of the total of 1217 cases, 2.71% involved children. The gender distribution showed a male preponderance (M:F= 1.35:1). The patients’ mean age was 11.4 years (range 2 - 14 years). Considering the caste, Brahmins and Gurungs constituted 33.0% and 21.2%, respectively, of children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Kumar Yadav
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Manipal College of Medical Sciences and Cancer Research Center, Pokhara, Nepal.
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Sharan K, Shailaja S, Pai VH, Fernandes DJ. Choroidal metastases as the presenting feature of adenocarcinoma of the lung: A case report and an overview of the role of radiotherapy in its management. J Cancer Res Ther 2017; 13:1062-1064. [PMID: 29237979 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.176413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Although metastasis to the eye is the most common ophthalmic malignancy, it is usually asymptomatic and rarely a presenting symptom that leads to the diagnosis of a primary. Here, we report a patient who was evaluated for visual symptoms and was eventually diagnosed to have disseminated adenocarcinoma of the lung. He was treated with external radiotherapy to the choroidal metastasis, attaining an excellent response that was sustained until his death. A brief review on the role of radiotherapy in the management of uveal metastases is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - S Shailaja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijaya H Pai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Donald J Fernandes
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Shambhavi A, Salian S, Shah H, Nair M, Sharan K, Jin DK, Cho SY, Mathew M, Shukla A, Girisha KM. Pycnodysostosis: Novel Variants in CTSK and Occurrence of Giant Cell Tumor. J Pediatr Genet 2017; 7:9-13. [PMID: 29441215 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1604100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pycnodysostosis is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by pathogenic variants in the cathepsin K ( CTSK ) gene. We report seven patients from four unrelated families with this condition in whom we have identified three novel pathogenic variants, c.120 + 1G > T in intron 2, c.399 + 1G > A in intron 4, and c.148T > G (p.W50G) in exon 2, and a known variant, c.568C > T (p.Q190*) in exon 5 of CTSK . We present the clinical, radiographic, and molecular findings of all individuals with molecularly proven pycnodysostosis from the present cohort. We also report the occurrence of giant cell tumor in the skull of a patient with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Shambhavi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Smrithi Salian
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Hitesh Shah
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohandas Nair
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Dong-Kyu Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Yoon Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mary Mathew
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Katta M Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Prakash Saxena PU, Fernandes DJ, Vidyasagar MS, Singh A, Sharan K. Detection of human papilloma virus in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus planned for definitive chemo-radiotherapy, and a study of their clinical characteristics. J Cancer Res Ther 2017; 12:871-5. [PMID: 27461666 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.168971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT To identify the incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in squamous esophageal cancer. AIMS To identify high-risk (HR) HPV positivity rates in patients with squamous carcinoma esophagus and to compare their characteristics with HPV negative counterparts. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A prospective study, in which tumor biopsies of 18 consecutive patients with squamous carcinoma of the esophagus treated with definitive chemo-radiotherapy (CT-RT) were evaluated for the presence of HPV. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Tumor biopsies of 18 consecutive patients with squamous carcinoma esophagus treated with definitive CT-RT were assessed for presence of HR HPV DNA by hybrid DNA capture technique (Digene-HC2). The clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of the two groups were then compared. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Pearson's Chi-squared test, Kaplan-Mier survival curve/log rank test. RESULTS Nine patients (50%) tested positive for HR HPV. The clinical features including age, gender, grade, location, and tumor extent were similar between the two groups. All the three patients with residual disease at the end of treatment tested positive for HPV (P = 0.058). At a mean follow-up of 52 weeks, the estimated median recurrence free survival was 37 weeks (95% confidence interval (CI): 13.6-60.4) among HPV positive patients compared to 53 weeks (95% CI: 29.6-76.4 weeks) for the HPV negative (P = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS There appears to be a high incidence of HPV among patients with squamous oesophageal cancer in coastal Karnataka. Further studies are required to evaluate its causative role and prognostic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P U Prakash Saxena
- Department of Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Anshul Singh
- Department of Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Yathiraj PH, Sharan K, Fernandes DJ, Vidyasagar MS. Adjuvant treatment for Stage I seminoma: Why radiotherapy is better than carboplatin. J Cancer Res Ther 2017; 12:1216-1219. [PMID: 28169230 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.176171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant treatment options for Stage I seminoma include active surveillance, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Active surveillance may not be ideal for the average Indian patient. Of the two accepted adjuvant therapy options, namely single-dose carboplatin chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the retroperitoneal nodes, though it intuitively appears more appealing, a deeper review reveals the potential drawbacks of chemotherapy. This article highlights the misconceptions regarding carboplatin and provides reasons for an argument why radiotherapy is better when a patient with Stage I seminoma chooses to undergo adjuvant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prahlad H Yathiraj
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Donald J Fernandes
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - M S Vidyasagar
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Yathiraj P, Prakash B, Sharan K, Singh A, Reddy S, Chandraguthy S, Balasubramanian R, Nagesh J, Nair S, Fernandes D, Vidyasagar M. Dosimetric Analysis and Clinical Outcomes of Brachial Plexus as an Organ-at-Risk in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated With Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Deshmukh S, Sharan K, Fernandes DJ, Srinivasa VM, Yathiraj PH, Singh A, Reddy A. A Study on Dosimetric Outcomes and Acute Toxicity of Post Mastectomy Adjuvant Hypofractionated Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:XC05-XC08. [PMID: 27630936 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20477.8146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypofractionated External Beam Radiotherapy (HFRT) is a relatively new adjuvant Radiotherapy (RT) schedule for breast cancers following breast conservation surgery and less commonly, following mastectomy. Here we report our experience on normal tissue exposure and acute toxicity of HFRT after mastectomy. AIM To assess the dosimetric outcomes and acute toxicity profile of adjuvant HFRT following mastectomy for breast cancer. MATERIALS AND MATERIALS This prospective observational study considered consecutive patients planned for adjuvant HFRT (42.5 Gy in 16 sessions delivered over 3 weeks) to the chest wall with/without regional nodes between October 2014 and June 2015. The dosimetric parameters including dose homogeneity to the target volume and exposure to heart and lung were analyzed. Acute haematological and dermatological toxicity was recorded until upto three months after completion of RT. RESULTS Among the 56 patients treated with HFRT, the mean age was 49 years (range: 28-69 years). Pathologically positive nodes and ≥pT3 primary was observed in 44 (78.6%) and 12 (21.4%) patients, respectively. Majority (87.5%) received prior adjunct chemotherapy. RT to the supraclavicular fossa was delivered for 39 (69.6%) patients. The mean V90 and V95 to the Planning Target Volume (PTV) were 95% (± 3.3%) and 93% (± 4%), respectively. The maximum dose received was on average 47.7 Gy (112%; range: 46.2-48.5 Gy). The mean lung dose was 10.2 Gy (± 3.5 Gy) and V20 was 20.9% (± 6%). The mean V25 to heart was 6.6% (± 4.8%) for left sided and 0% for right sided tumours (p=0.001). Acute skin toxicity peaked at completion of RT and was tolerable (grade 0, I, II and III reactions were 75%, 16% and 1.8%, respectively). No patient had ≥ grade III haematological toxicity, and treatment was not interrupted for any patient. CONCLUSION Adjuvant HFRT could be planned while meeting the dose constraints to normal tissues in all patients and was well tolerated, with mild to moderate acute adverse effects that did not warrant any therapeutic intervention or treatment interruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaprasad Deshmukh
- Resident, Department of Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College , Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Associate Professor, Departmentof Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College , Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Donald Jerard Fernandes
- Professor and Head, Department of Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College , Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Anshul Singh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College , Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anusha Reddy
- Senior Resident, Department of Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College , Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Kumaran A, Guruvare S, Sharan K, Rai L, Hebbar S. Chemoradiation Related Acute Morbidity in Carcinoma Cervix and Correlation with Hematologic Toxicity: A South Indian Prospective Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:4483-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.11.4483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Venkatesh GH, Manjunath VB, Mumbrekar KD, Negi H, Fernandes DJ, Sharan K, Banerjee S, Bola Sadashiva SR. Polymorphisms in radio-responsive genes and its association with acute toxicity among head and neck cancer patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89079. [PMID: 24594932 PMCID: PMC3942321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular and molecular approaches are being explored to find a biomarker which can predict the development of radiation induced acute toxicity prior to radiation therapy. SNPs in radiation responsive genes may be considered as an approach to develop tools for finding the inherited basis of clinical radiosensitivity. The current study attempts to screen single nucleotide polymorphisms/deletions in DNA damage response, DNA repair, profibrotic cytokine as well as antioxidant response genes and its predictive potential with the normal tissue adverse reactions from 183 head and neck cancer patients undergoing platinum based chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone. We analysed 22 polymorphisms in 17 genes having functional relevance to radiation response. Radiation therapy induced oral mucositis and skin erythema was considered as end point for clinical radiosensitivity. Direct correlation of heterozygous and mutant alleles with acute reactions as well as haplotype correlation revealed NBN variants to be of predictive significance in analysing oral mucositis prior to radiotherapy. In addition, genetic linkage disequilibrium existed in XRCC1 polymorphisms for >grade 2 oral mucositis and skin reaction indicating the complex inheritance pattern. The current study indicates an association for polymorphism in NBN with normal tissue radiosensitivity and further warrants the replication of such studies in a large set of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutham Hassan Venkatesh
- Division of Radiobiology & Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Division of Radiobiology & Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Hitendra Negi
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Donald Jerard Fernandes
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Shiridi SaiBaba Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Shiridi SaiBaba Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sourjya Banerjee
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College and Hospital, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Rao Bola Sadashiva
- Division of Radiobiology & Toxicology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
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Mumbrekar KD, Fernandes DJ, Goutham HV, Sharan K, Vadhiraja BM, Satyamoorthy K, Bola Sadashiva SR. Influence of Double-Strand Break Repair on Radiation Therapy-Induced Acute Skin Reactions in Breast Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014; 88:671-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.11.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sathian B, Fazil A, Sreedharan J, Pant S, Kakria A, Sharan K, Rajesh E, Vishrutha KV, Shetty SB, Shahnavaz S, Rao JH, Marakala V. Statistical modelling and forecasting of cervix cancer cases in radiation oncology treatment: a hospital based study from Western Nepal. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:2097-100. [PMID: 23679325 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.3.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate the numbers and trends in cervix cancer cases visiting the Radiotherapy Department at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, statistical modelling from retrospective data was applied. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was carried out on data for a total of 159 patients treated for cervix cancer at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, between 28th September 2000 and 31st December 2008. Theoretical statistics were used for statistical modelling and forecasting. RESULTS Using curve fitting method, Linear, Logarithmic, Inverse, Quadratic, Cubic, Compound, Power and Exponential growth models were validated. Including the constant term, none of the models fit the data well. Excluding the constant term, the cubic model demonstrated the best fit, with R2=0.871 (p=0.004). In 2008, the observed and estimated numbers of cases were same (12). According to our model, 273 patients with cervical cancer are expected to visit the hospital in 2015. CONCLUSIONS Our data predict a significant increase in cervical cancer cases in this region in the near future. This observation suggests the need for more focus and resource allocation on cervical cancer screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Sathian
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
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Banerjee S, Sathian B, Sharan K, Fernandes D, Prakash Saxena PU. Treatment outcomes after intraluminal brachytherapy following definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2014; 10:337-41. [DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.136623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Khan MP, Mishra JS, Sharan K, Yadav M, Singh AK, Srivastava A, Kumar S, Bhaduaria S, Maurya R, Sanyal S, Chattopadhyay N. A novel flavonoid C-glucoside from Ulmus wallichiana preserves bone mineral density, microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in the presence of glucocorticoid by promoting osteoblast survival: a comparative study with human parathyroid hormone. Phytomedicine 2013; 20:1256-66. [PMID: 23928508 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE 6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3S)-(+)-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxydihydroflavonol (GTDF) is a novel compound isolated from Ulmus wallichiana, reported to have bone anabolic action in ovariectomized rats. Here, we studied the effect of GTDF in glucocorticoid (GC)-induced bone loss and its mode of action. METHODS Osteoblasts were cultured from rat calvaria or bone marrow to study apoptosis and differentiation by dexamethasone (Dex), methylprednisolone (MP), GTDF, quercetin and rutin. Female Sprague Dawley rats were treated with Dex or MP with or without GTDF or PTH. Efficacy was evaluated by bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomography, determination of new bone formation by fluorescent labeling of bone and osteoblast apoptosis by co-labeling bone sections with Runx-2 and TUNEL. Serum osteocalcin was determined by ELISA. RESULTS GTDF preserved trabecular and cortical bones in the presence of Dex and MP and mitigated the MP-mediated suppression of serum osteocalcin. Co-administration of GTDF to MP rats increased mineral apposition, bone formation rates, bone biomechanical strength, reduced osteoblast apoptosis and increased osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells compared to MP group, suggesting in vivo osteogenic effect of GTDF. These effects of GTDF were to a great extent comparable to PTH. GTDF prevented GC-induced osteoblast apoptosis by inhibiting p53 expression and acetylation, and activation of AKT but did not influence transactivation of GC receptor (GR). CONCLUSIONS GTDF protects against GC-induced bone loss by promoting osteoblast survival through p53 inhibition and activation of AKT pathways but not as a GR antagonist. GTDF has the potential in the management of GC-induced osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226021, India; Center for Research on Anabolic Skeletal Targets in Health and Illness (ASTHI), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226021, India; Center for Drug Discovery and Development in Reproductive Health (CDDDRH), CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226021, India
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Khan K, Sharan K, Swarnkar G, Chakravarti B, Mittal M, Barbhuyan TK, China SP, Khan MP, Nagar GK, Yadav D, Dixit P, Maurya R, Chattopadhyay N. Positive skeletal effects of cladrin, a naturally occurring dimethoxydaidzein, in osteopenic rats that were maintained after treatment discontinuation. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:1455-70. [PMID: 22932734 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Effects of cladrin treatment and withdrawal in osteopenic rats were studied. Cladrin improved trabecular microarchitecture, increased lumbar vertebral compressive strength, augmented coupled remodeling, and increased bone osteogenic genes. A significant skeletal gain was maintained 4 weeks after cladrin withdrawal. Findings suggest that cladrin has significant positive skeletal effects. INTRODUCTION We showed that a standardized extract of Butea monosperma preserved trabecular bone mass in ovariectomized (OVx) rats. Cladrin, the most abundant bioactive compound of the extract, promoted peak bone mass achievement in growing rats by stimulating osteoblast function. Here, we studied the effects of cladrin treatment and withdrawal on the osteopenic bones. METHODS Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were OVx and left untreated for 12 weeks to allow for significant estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss, at which point cladrin (1 and 10 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for another 12 weeks. Half of the rats were killed at the end of the treatments and the other half at 4 weeks after treatment withdrawal. Sham-operated rats and OVx rats treated with PTH or 17β-estradiol (E2) served as various controls. Efficacy was evaluated by bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomographic analysis and fluorescent labeling of bone. qPCR and western blotting measured mRNA and protein levels in bone and uterus. Specific ELISA was used for measuring levels of serum PINP and urinary CTx. RESULTS In osteopenic rats, cladrin treatment dose dependently improved trabecular microarchitecture, increased lumbar vertebral compression strength, bone formation rate (BFR), cortical thickness (Cs.Th), serum PINP levels, and expression of osteogenic genes in bones; and reduced expression of bone osteoclastogenic genes and urinary CTx levels. Cladrin had no uterine estrogenicity. Cladrin at 10 mg/kg maintained acquired skeletal gains 4 weeks after withdrawal. CONCLUSION Cladrin had positive skeletal effects in osteopenic rats that were maintained after treatment withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, India
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Saxena PP, Fernandes DJ, Gautam A, Maiya A, Sharan K. Effects of low-level laser therapy in the prevention and treatment of concurrent chemoradiotherapy induced oral mucositis: A triple-blind randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5526 Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is the most cumbersome acute side effect of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). OM associated pain affects oral function also may lead to CCRT break. Several modalities have been tried to prevent and treat this complication but none has been proved successful till date. We used prophylactic Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) for the prevention and treatment of CCRT induced OM. Methods: In this triple blind study, 221 HNC patients scheduled to undergo CCRT were randomized into laser (n=111) and placebo (n=110) group. Laser group received LLLT (Helium Neon laser, λ=632.8nm, P=24m, W=3.0J/cm2) while placebo received sham treatment daily prior to radiation for 45days. Oral Mucositis (OM) (RTOG/EORTC Scale), oral pain (Visual Analog Scale - VAS), dysphagia (Functional Impairment Scale - FIS), weight loss, duration of analgesic use were assessed. Data was analyzed using frequencies and percentage, generalized estimating equations (GEE) and Odds ratio. Results: There was significant reduction in incidence of severe OM (F=16.64, degree of freedom df=8,876, p<0.0001) and its associated pain (F=25.06, df=8,876, p<0.0001) and dysphagia (F=20.17, df=8,876, p<0.0001) and loss of weight (F=87.56, df=8,876, p<0.0001) when compared between the Laser and placebo group. The duration of step III analgesia required was also significantly lower (p<0.001) in laser (3.2 ±1.4days) than placebo (6.7 ±2.6days) group. Conclusions: LLLT was able to decrease the incidence of CCRT induced severe OM its associated pain, dysphagia, weight loss and the duration of analgesic use. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- P.U. Prakash Saxena
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Udupi, India
| | | | - Ajay Gautam
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Udupi, India
| | - Arun Maiya
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Udupi, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Udupi, India
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Sharan K. Curbing the Cost of Cancer Treatment- A Pipe Dream or a viable possibility for the Government? Nepal J Epidemiol 2012. [DOI: 10.3126/nje.v2i1.6377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is on the rise, and is known to cause significant impact on the health and socio-economics of a Nation. Initiatives must be taken by the Government to bring down the preventable cancers by primary and secondary prevention strategies. Steps must also be taken to regulate the prices of anti-cancer medicines, and corruption must be checked. Only then will it be possible to provide affordable treatment for a patient suffering from cancer. Lastly, despite the phenomenal growth of Oncology as a science, the single most important factor that has improved the outcome of a patient with cancer is awareness. It is the knowledge of the lady who just felt a lump in her breast that she needs to show it to a doctor, or the understanding of a person that practicing a healthy lifestyle significantly reduces the risk of developing cancer, that has made the maximum impact on the outcome of this disease called cancer. A simple step of spreading awareness in the hazards of smoking and tobacco consumption and conducting smoking cessation programs could bring down the incidence of various cancers like lung cancers, head and neck cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, etc. significantly.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v2i1.6377 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2012;2 (1):168-170
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Siddiqui JA, Swarnkar G, Sharan K, Chakravarti B, Gautam AK, Rawat P, Kumar M, Gupta V, Manickavasagam L, Dwivedi AK, Maurya R, Chattopadhyay N. A naturally occurring rare analog of quercetin promotes peak bone mass achievement and exerts anabolic effect on osteoporotic bone. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:3013-27. [PMID: 21225417 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The effect of quercetin C-glucoside (QCG) on osteoblast function in vitro and bone formation in vivo was investigated. QCG supplementation promoted peak bone mass achievement in growing rats and new bone formation in osteopenic rats. QCG has substantial oral bioavailability. Findings suggest a significant bone anabolic effect of QCG. INTRODUCTION Recently, we showed that extracts of Ulmus wallichiana promoted peak bone mass achievement in growing rats and preserved trabecular bone mass and cortical bone strength in ovariectomized (OVx) rats. 3,3',4',5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside, a QCG, is the most abundant bioactive compound of U. wallichiana extract. We hypothesize that QCG exerts bone anabolic effects by stimulating osteoblast function. METHODS Osteoblast cultures were harvested from rat calvaria and bone marrow (BM) to study differentiation and mineralization. In vivo, growing female Sprague Dawley rats and OVx rats with osteopenia were administered QCG (5.0 or 10.0 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) orally for 12 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated by examining changes in bone microarchitecture using histomorphometric and microcomputed tomographic analyses and by determination of new bone formation by fluorescent labeling of bone. Plasma and BM levels of QCG were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS QCG was much more potent than quercetin (Q) in stimulating osteoblast differentiation, and the effect of QCG was not mediated by estrogen receptors. In growing rats, QCG increased BM osteoprogenitors, bone mineral density, bone formation rate, and cortical deposition. In osteopenic rats, QCG treatment increased bone formation rate and improved trabecular microarchitecture. Comparison with the sham group (ovary intact) revealed significant restoration of trabecular bone in osteopenic rats treated with QCG. QCG levels in the BM were ~50% of that of the plasma levels. CONCLUSION QCG stimulated modeling-directed bone accrual and exerted anabolic effects on osteopenic rats by direct stimulatory effect on osteoprogenitors likely due to substantial QCG delivery at tissue level following oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Siddiqui
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Chattar Manzil, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To highlight the patient care activities performed by pharmacists during their ward rounds in medical oncology ward of a tertiary care hospital in western region of Nepal. METHODS The study was conducted for 3 months. Two pharmacists joined the clinicians and nurses in the ward rounds every morning as a member of healthcare team. The data used in this study was obtained from different documented files in hospital and were analyzed as per study objectives. RESULTS During 3 months (May 20, 2008 to August 20, 2008), pharmacists provided answers to eight queries asked by clinicians and nurses for the patient care purpose. During the same period pharmacists detected four cases of medication errors and provided suggestions on them. A total of 30 adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports were reported to the regional pharmacovigilance center during the study time. Altogether there were 84 types of adverse drug reaction seen on those patients. Most of them were related to hematological system. CONCLUSION The study evaluated the drug information provided by pharmacists, spontaneous reporting of ADRs by the pharmacists, and their intervention on treatment plan of patients during ward round. This suggests pharmacists can play a significant role on patient care when he or she joins round with other healthcare personnel in the oncology ward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saval Khanal
- Manipal Teaching Hospital, Phulbari, Pokhara, Nepal.
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