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Li C, Song W, Zhang J, Xu Z, Luo Y. A real-world study was conducted to develop a nomogram that predicts the occurrence of anastomotic leakage in patients with esophageal cancer following esophagectomy. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7733-7751. [PMID: 38696304 PMCID: PMC11131977 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of anastomotic leakage (AL) following esophagectomy is regarded as a noteworthy complication. There is a need for biomarkers to facilitate early diagnosis of AL in high-risk esophageal cancer (EC) patients, thereby minimizing its morbidity and mortality. We assessed the predictive abilities of inflammatory biomarkers for AL in patients after esophagectomy. METHODS In order to ascertain the predictive efficacy of biomarkers for AL, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. Furthermore, univariate, LASSO, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to discern the risk factors associated with AL. Based on these identified risk factors, a diagnostic nomogram model was formulated and subsequently assessed for its predictive performance. RESULTS Among the 438 patients diagnosed with EC, a total of 25 patients encountered AL. Notably, elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin (PCT) were observed in the AL group as compared to the non-AL group, demonstrating statistical significance. Particularly, IL-6 exhibited the highest predictive capacity for early postoperative AL, exhibiting a sensitivity of 92.00% and specificity of 61.02% at a cut-off value of 132.13 pg/ml. Univariate, LASSO, and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that fasting blood glucose ≥7.0mmol/L and heightened levels of IL-10, IL-6, CRP, and PCT were associated with an augmented risk of AL. Consequently, a nomogram model was formulated based on the results of multivariate logistic analyses. The diagnostic nomogram model displayed a robust discriminatory ability in predicting AL, as indicated by a C-Index value of 0.940. Moreover, the decision curve analysis provided further evidence supporting the clinical utility of this diagnostic nomogram model. CONCLUSIONS This predictive instrument can serve as a valuable resource for clinicians, empowering them to make informed clinical judgments aimed at averting the onset of AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Zhongneng Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Yonggang Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
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Bertocchi E, Meoli F, Masini G, Ceccaroni M, Bruni F, Roviglione G, Rossini R, Barugola G, Mazzi C, Ruffo G. Early Quality of Life Assessment After Segmental Colorectal Resection for Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2024; 31:221-226. [PMID: 38114018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE Endometriosis is a benign condition afflicting women of reproductive age that significantly impacts their quality of life (QoL). Given its debilitating symptoms and prevalence, it is essential to define its proper management. In this study, we have assessed patient-reported outcomes among women having undergone segmental colorectal resection for deep infiltrating endometriosis. Any correlation between preoperative nutritional status and overall postoperative complications has also been analyzed. STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Public medical center. PATIENTS One hundred forty consecutive patients that had undergone segmental colorectal resection for DIE between November 2020 and October 2021 at IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital of Negrar of Valpolicella (Verona, Italy). INTERVENTIONS Patient-reported outcomes were measured using data collected from the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory for gastrointestinal surgery patients and Euro-QoL Group EQ-5D-5L (EQ-5Q-5L) questionnaires, which were administered preoperatively (T0), at discharge (T1) and at 4 to 6 weeks after surgery (T2). Nutritional status was examined through the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short form and Prognostic Nutritional Index. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A significant improvement in the EQ-5Q-5L and MDASI-GI scores was noted between T0 and T2 (p <. 001 and p <. 001, respectively.) No statistically significant differences were found in scores at T2 between patients who had experienced postoperative complications and those who had not. No statistically significant association was observed between the presence of malnutrition and overall postoperative complications and their severity. CONCLUSION This study confirms, through patient-reported outcomes, the pivotal role of surgery in improving the QoL at 4 to 6 weeks of women affected by endometriosis who have previously been unresponsive to medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bertocchi
- General Surgery Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital (Drs. Bertocchi, Masini, Rossini, Barugola, and Ruffo).
| | - Francesca Meoli
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialities (Dr. Meoli), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaia Masini
- General Surgery Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital (Drs. Bertocchi, Masini, Rossini, Barugola, and Ruffo)
| | - Marcello Ceccaroni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Ceccaroni, Bruni, and Roviglione)
| | - Francesco Bruni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Ceccaroni, Bruni, and Roviglione)
| | - Giovanni Roviglione
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Ceccaroni, Bruni, and Roviglione)
| | - Roberto Rossini
- General Surgery Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital (Drs. Bertocchi, Masini, Rossini, Barugola, and Ruffo)
| | - Giuliano Barugola
- General Surgery Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital (Drs. Bertocchi, Masini, Rossini, Barugola, and Ruffo)
| | - Cristina Mazzi
- Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, International School of Surgical Anatomy, IRCCS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Clinical Research Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria (Dr. Mazzi), Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona
| | - Giacomo Ruffo
- General Surgery Unit, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital (Drs. Bertocchi, Masini, Rossini, Barugola, and Ruffo)
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Yang L, Zhang P, Yang W, Huang Y, Lv J, Du Y, Liu W, Tao K. Development and Validation of a Novel Nomogram Model for Early Diagnosis of Anastomotic Leakage After Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2024. [PMID: 38330426 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of inflammatory factors for predicting anastomotic leakage (AL) after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery and establish a nomogram model to assess the probability of its occurrence. Patients and Methods: Data of 637 patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery between June 2019 and June 2022 were collected. Differences in procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cell (WBC) levels before surgery and on postoperative day (POD) 3 and 5 were compared between patients with and without AL (AL and non-AL groups, respectively). The diagnostic accuracy was determined using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and a nomogram model was developed. Results: Post-operative AL occurred in 46 (7.2%) patients. Procalcitonin, CRP, and WBC levels on POD 3 and 5 were higher in the AL group than in the non-AL group. The AUCs of PCT, CRP, and WBC levels for predicting AL on POD 3 were 0.833, 0.757, and 0.756, respectively, which were better than those on POD 5 (AUC = 0.669, 0.581, and 0.588, respectively). The nomogram model for AL was developed based on five variables (PCT, CRP, WBC, American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] grade and comorbidities), and it had an AUC of 0.922. Calibration curves demonstrated that the nomogram had good fit. The Delong test showed that the AUC of the nomogram for predicting the probability of AL was higher than that of PCT alone (z = 2.311, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Procalcitonin measured on POD 3 seems to be a promising negative predictor of AL after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. Furthermore, the nomogram model developed in our study, which utilizes a series of predictors that can be easily accessed, has demonstrated potential to further improve the prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenchang Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongzhou Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbo Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqiang Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ceccaroni M, Ceccarello M, Raimondo I, Roviglione G, Clarizia R, Bruni F, Mautone D, Manzone M, Facci E, Rettore L, Rossini R, Bertocchi E, Barugola G, Ruffo G, Barra F. "A Space Odyssey" on Laparoscopic Segmental Rectosigmoid Resection for Deep Endometriosis: A Seventeen-year Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes and Postoperative Complications among 3050 Patients Treated in a Referral Center. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2023; 30:652-664. [PMID: 37116746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic rectosigmoid resection for bowel endometriosis (RSE), reporting surgical and short-term postoperative outcomes in a consecutive large series of patients. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING Third-level national referral center for deep endometriosis (DE). PATIENTS 3050 patients with symptomatic RSE requiring surgical treatment. INTERVENTIONS Nerve-sparing laparoscopic resection for RSE perfomed by a multidisciplinary team. After collecting intraoperative surgical characteristics, postoperative complications were collected by evaluating the risk factors associated with their onset. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Clavien-Dindo IIIb postoperative complications were noted in 13.1% of patients, with anastomotic leakage and rectovaginal fistula accounting for 3.0% and 1.9%, respectively. Postoperative bladder impairment was observed in 13.9% of patients during hospital discharge but spontaneously decreased to 4.5% at the first evaluation after 30 days, alongside a statistically significant change towards global symptom improvement. Multivariate analyses were done to identify the risk factors for segmental bowel resection in terms of occurrence of postoperative major complications. Ultralow (≤5 cm from the anal verge), low rectal anastomosis (<8 cm, >5 cm), parametrectomy, vaginal resection, and previous surgeries seemed more related to anastomotic leakage, rectovaginal fistula, and bladder retention. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic rectosigmoid resection for RSE seems an effective and feasible procedure. The surgical complication rate is not negligible but could be reduced by implementing a multidisciplinary approach, an endless improvement in nerve-sparing techniques and surgical anatomy, as well as technological enhancements. Real future challenges will be to reduce the time for the first diagnosis of DE and the likelihood of surgical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ceccaroni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Ceccaroni, Ceccarello, Roviglione, Clarizia, Bruni, Mautone, Manzone, and Barra), Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, International School of Surgical Anatomy, IRCCS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy.
| | - Matteo Ceccarello
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Ceccaroni, Ceccarello, Roviglione, Clarizia, Bruni, Mautone, Manzone, and Barra), Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, International School of Surgical Anatomy, IRCCS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Ivano Raimondo
- Gynecology and Breast Care Center (Dr. Raimondo), Mater Olbia Hospital, Olbia, Italy; School in Biomedical Sciences (Dr. Raimondo), University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Roviglione
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Ceccaroni, Ceccarello, Roviglione, Clarizia, Bruni, Mautone, Manzone, and Barra), Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, International School of Surgical Anatomy, IRCCS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Clarizia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Ceccaroni, Ceccarello, Roviglione, Clarizia, Bruni, Mautone, Manzone, and Barra), Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, International School of Surgical Anatomy, IRCCS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Bruni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Ceccaroni, Ceccarello, Roviglione, Clarizia, Bruni, Mautone, Manzone, and Barra), Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, International School of Surgical Anatomy, IRCCS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniele Mautone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Ceccaroni, Ceccarello, Roviglione, Clarizia, Bruni, Mautone, Manzone, and Barra), Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, International School of Surgical Anatomy, IRCCS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Manzone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Ceccaroni, Ceccarello, Roviglione, Clarizia, Bruni, Mautone, Manzone, and Barra), Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, International School of Surgical Anatomy, IRCCS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrico Facci
- Department of General Surgery (Drs. Facci, Rettore, Rossini, Bertocchi, Barugola, and Ruffo), IRCSS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rettore
- Department of General Surgery (Drs. Facci, Rettore, Rossini, Bertocchi, Barugola, and Ruffo), IRCSS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberto Rossini
- Department of General Surgery (Drs. Facci, Rettore, Rossini, Bertocchi, Barugola, and Ruffo), IRCSS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Bertocchi
- Department of General Surgery (Drs. Facci, Rettore, Rossini, Bertocchi, Barugola, and Ruffo), IRCSS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuliano Barugola
- Department of General Surgery (Drs. Facci, Rettore, Rossini, Bertocchi, Barugola, and Ruffo), IRCSS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Giacomo Ruffo
- Department of General Surgery (Drs. Facci, Rettore, Rossini, Bertocchi, Barugola, and Ruffo), IRCSS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Barra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs. Ceccaroni, Ceccarello, Roviglione, Clarizia, Bruni, Mautone, Manzone, and Barra), Gynecologic Oncology and Minimally Invasive Pelvic Surgery, International School of Surgical Anatomy, IRCCS "Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria" Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL) (Dr. Barra), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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5
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Raimondo D, Raffone A, Aru AC, Salucci P, Travaglino A, Maletta M, Ambrosio M, Borghese G, Iodice R, Casadio P, Seracchioli R. C-reactive Protein for Predicting Early Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Shaving for Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2021; 29:135-143. [PMID: 34280565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the accuracy of C-reactive protein (CRP) in predicting early postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic shaving for rectosigmoid deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). DESIGN A single-center observational retrospective cohort study. SETTING Third-level referral center for endometriosis. PATIENTS A total of 294 patients were included in the study. All of them underwent elective laparoscopic shaving for rectosigmoid DIE. INTERVENTIONS Postoperative CRP levels (assessed from day 3 onward, every 48 hours, until hospital discharge) and early postoperative complications were reviewed to assess CRP as a predictive marker of postoperative complications. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The study outcomes were the association between early postoperative complications and CRP levels, the optimal CRP cutoff, and its predictive accuracy. Twenty-five patients (8.5%) experienced early postoperative complications. Five patients with postoperative complications within 2 days of surgery were excluded from the analysis. On postoperative day 3 the difference in the means of CRP levels between patients with and without complications was 2.5 mg/dL (95% CI, 1.0-4.1), whereas on day 5 the difference was 5.3 mg/dL (95% CI, 3.3-7.5), with a significant increase of 2.8 mg/dL (95% CI, 0.2-5.5). On postoperative day 7 the difference was 11.4 mg/dL (95% CI, 8.2-14.6), with an increase of 6.1 mg/dL (95% CI, 2.2-9.9) from day 5. The mean CRP level in the group with complications showed an increase of 1.2 mg/dL (95% CI, -1.3 to 3.8) from day 3 to day 5 and of 6.2 mg/dL (95% CI, 2.6-9.8) from day 5 to day 7. The optimal cutoff for the CRP level in predicting early postoperative complications was 3.1 mg/dL on postoperative day 3 and 5.2 mg/dL on postoperative day 5, with a sensitivity of 87.5% (95% CI, 52.9-97.8) and 80% (95% CI, 37.6-96.4), a specificity of 62.5% (95% CI, 52.1-71.9) and 91.2% (95% CI, 81.1-96.2), a positive predictive value of 17.5% (95% CI, 8.7-31.9) and 44.4% (95% CI, 18.9-73.3), a negative predictive value of 98.2% (95% CI, 90.6-99.7) and 98.1% (95% CI, 90.1-99.7), and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 75.0% (95% CI, 61.9-80.1) and 85.6% (95% CI, 74.1-96.5), respectively. CONCLUSION CRP on postoperative day 5 seemed to be a moderately accurate predictive marker of early postoperative complications in the patients who had undergone elective laparoscopic shaving for rectosigmoid DIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Raimondo
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna (Drs. Raimondo, Raffone, Aru, Salucci, Maletta, Ambrosio, Borghese, Iodice, Casadio, and Seracchioli), Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Raffone
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna (Drs. Raimondo, Raffone, Aru, Salucci, Maletta, Ambrosio, Borghese, Iodice, Casadio, and Seracchioli), Bologna, Italy; Gynaecology and Obstetrics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II (Dr. Raffone), Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara Aru
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna (Drs. Raimondo, Raffone, Aru, Salucci, Maletta, Ambrosio, Borghese, Iodice, Casadio, and Seracchioli), Bologna, Italy.
| | - Paolo Salucci
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna (Drs. Raimondo, Raffone, Aru, Salucci, Maletta, Ambrosio, Borghese, Iodice, Casadio, and Seracchioli), Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonio Travaglino
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II (Dr. Travaglino), Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Maletta
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna (Drs. Raimondo, Raffone, Aru, Salucci, Maletta, Ambrosio, Borghese, Iodice, Casadio, and Seracchioli), Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Ambrosio
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna (Drs. Raimondo, Raffone, Aru, Salucci, Maletta, Ambrosio, Borghese, Iodice, Casadio, and Seracchioli), Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Borghese
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna (Drs. Raimondo, Raffone, Aru, Salucci, Maletta, Ambrosio, Borghese, Iodice, Casadio, and Seracchioli), Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaella Iodice
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna (Drs. Raimondo, Raffone, Aru, Salucci, Maletta, Ambrosio, Borghese, Iodice, Casadio, and Seracchioli), Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Casadio
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna (Drs. Raimondo, Raffone, Aru, Salucci, Maletta, Ambrosio, Borghese, Iodice, Casadio, and Seracchioli), Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Seracchioli
- Division of Gynaecology and Human Reproduction Physiopathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna (Drs. Raimondo, Raffone, Aru, Salucci, Maletta, Ambrosio, Borghese, Iodice, Casadio, and Seracchioli), Bologna, Italy
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