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Kamel AM, Abd El-Hamid IS, Khalifa M, Shaker YM, Rateb SA. Influence of incorporating L-carnitine or Moringa oleifera leaves extract into semen diluent on cryosurvival and in vitro fertilization competence of buck sperm. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 268:107562. [PMID: 39032362 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed at scrutinizing efficiency of incorporating L-carnitine or M. oleifera leaves extract into semen diluent on improving cryopreservation capacity and in vitro fertilization ability of buck spermatozoa. Ejaculates (n=48) were collected by an artificial vagina from six adult Damascus bucks twice weekly during the breeding season (September-October). Following initial evaluation, ejaculates of each collection session from the same bucks were pooled, diluted (1:10) with glycerolized (3 % glycerol, v/v) tris-citric acid egg yolk diluent and were split into three aliquots. The first aliquot served as control, whereas the second and third aliquots were supplemented with 4 μL/mL L-carnitine and 400 μL/mL moringa leaves extract (v/v), respectively. Thereafter, all specimens were processed for cryopreservation and were stored in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C) for 12 months before post-thaw sperm criteria were analyzed by a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. Integrity of sperm DNA post thawing was visualized in all semen groups by fluorescence imaging, and in vitro fertilization ability of spermatozoa was also determined. Inclusion of L-carnitine or moringa leaves extract into the diluent improved (P<0.05) post-thaw sperm physical, morphofunctional and kinematic attributes, whilst maintaining (P<0.05) integrity of sperm DNA throughout the freezing and thawing cycle. Consequently, both supplemented groups yielded higher (P<0.05) in vitro fertilization rates compared to control. These results accentuate the protective roles of these antioxidants on buck sperm against consequences of cryopreservation-induced oxidative stress, hence ameliorating post-thaw sperm quality and fertilization competence. This is crucial for successful application of AI and IVF in goat selective breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Kamel
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim S Abd El-Hamid
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt
| | - Marwa Khalifa
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt
| | - Yousri M Shaker
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt
| | - Sherif A Rateb
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Egypt.
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2
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Xu J, Chen D, Wu W, Ji X, Dou X, Gao X, Li J, Zhang X, Huang WE, Xiong D. A metabolic map and artificial intelligence-aided identification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via a single-cell Raman platform. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1635-1646. [PMID: 38454165 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a complex cancer influenced by various factors. This study explores the use of single-cell Raman spectroscopy as a potential diagnostic tool for investigating biomolecular changes associated with NPC carcinogenesis. METHODS Seven NPC cell lines, one immortalised nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line, six nasopharyngeal mucosa tissues and seven NPC tissue samples were analysed by performing confocal Raman spectroscopic measurements and imaging. The single-cell Raman spectral dataset was used to quantify relevant biomolecules and build machine learning classification models. Metabolomic profiles were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS By generating a metabolic map of seven NPC cell lines, we identified an interplay of altered metabolic processes involving nucleic acids, amino acids, lipids and sugars. The results from spatially resolved Raman maps and UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics were consistent, revealing an increase of unsaturated fatty acids in cancer cells, particularly in highly metastatic 5-8F and poorly differentiated CNE2 cells. The classification model achieved a nearly perfect classification when identifying NPC and non-NPC cells with an ROC-AUC of 0.99 and a value of 0.97 when identifying 13 tissue samples. CONCLUSION This study unveils a complex interplay of metabolic network and highlights the potential roles of unsaturated fatty acids in NPC progression and metastasis. This renders further research to provide deeper insights into NPC pathogenesis, identify new metabolic targets and improve the efficacy of targeted therapies in NPC. Artificial intelligence-aided analysis of single-cell Raman spectra has achieved high accuracies in the classification of both cancer cells and patient tissues, paving the way for a simple, less invasive and accurate diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Xu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Dayang Chen
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaowen Dou
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojuan Gao
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuming Zhang
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei E Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX1 3PJ, Oxford, UK.
| | - Dan Xiong
- Medical Laboratory of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Girona J, Soler O, Samino S, Junza A, Martínez-Micaelo N, García-Altares M, Ràfols P, Esteban Y, Yanes O, Correig X, Masana L, Rodríguez-Calvo R. Lipidomics Reveals Myocardial Lipid Composition in a Murine Model of Insulin Resistance Induced by a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2702. [PMID: 38473949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ectopic fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues is closely related to diabetes-related myocardial dysfunction. Nevertheless, the complete picture of the lipid metabolites involved in the metabolic-related myocardial alterations is not fully characterized. The aim of this study was to characterize the specific lipid profile in hearts in an animal model of obesity/insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The cardiac lipidome profiles were assessed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS-MS and laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) tissue imaging in hearts from C57BL/6J mice fed with an HFD or standard-diet (STD) for 12 weeks. Targeted lipidome analysis identified a total of 63 lipids (i.e., 48 triacylglycerols (TG), 5 diacylglycerols (DG), 1 sphingomyelin (SM), 3 phosphatidylcholines (PC), 1 DihydroPC, and 5 carnitines) modified in hearts from HFD-fed mice compared to animals fed with STD. Whereas most of the TG were up-regulated in hearts from animals fed with an HFD, most of the carnitines were down-regulated, thereby suggesting a reduction in the mitochondrial β-oxidation. Roughly 30% of the identified metabolites were oxidated, pointing to an increase in lipid peroxidation. Cardiac lipidome was associated with a specific biochemical profile and a specific liver TG pattern. Overall, our study reveals a specific cardiac lipid fingerprint associated with metabolic alterations induced by HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Girona
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oria Soler
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Samino
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alexandra Junza
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Neus Martínez-Micaelo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Altares
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pere Ràfols
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Esteban
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Correig
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Metabolomics Platform, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Masana
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rodríguez-Calvo
- Vascular Medicine and Metabolism Unit, Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Institut de Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43204 Reus, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Costantino A, Maiese A, Lazzari J, Casula C, Turillazzi E, Frati P, Fineschi V. The Dark Side of Energy Drinks: A Comprehensive Review of Their Impact on the Human Body. Nutrients 2023; 15:3922. [PMID: 37764707 PMCID: PMC10535526 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks by young adults and athletes has risen significantly, but concerns have been raised about the potential health risks associated with excessive consumption. These concerns include cardiovascular problems, nervous system disorders, and the potential for addiction. This review aims to examine the reported effects of acute or chronic abuse of energy drinks on human health. The analysis shows a significant prevalence of adverse effects, particularly on the cardiovascular and neurovegetative systems. In particular, the analysis identified nine cases of cardiac arrest, three of which were fatal. The aetiology of these adverse effects is attributed to the inherent neurostimulant properties of these beverages, of which caffeine is the predominant component. A comparison of documented effects in humans with experimental studies in animal models showed an overlap in results. This review highlights the need for greater rigour in the assessment of sudden cardiac death, particularly in young people, as legal substances such as energy drinks may be involved. We propose stricter limits on the consumption of these beverages than for caffeine, based on the evidence found and the data in the literature. This review also calls for the establishment of regulations governing the consumption of these products in view of their potential impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Costantino
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Aniello Maiese
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Julia Lazzari
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Chiara Casula
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.C.); (A.M.); (J.L.); (C.C.); (E.T.)
| | - Paola Frati
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Bazargani B, Mojtahedi SY, Fahimi D, Askarian F, Moghtaderi M, Abbasi A, Samimi M, Bakhtiari Koohsorkhi M. Evaluation of the relationship between serum carnitine levels and intradialytic complications in children with kidney failure. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:2179-2183. [PMID: 35118545 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnitine plays a crucial role in the metabolism of fatty acids as well as energy production. Previous research has suggested a significant decrease in carnitine levels in patients with kidney failure and those undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, we designed this study to assess the prevalence and characteristics of carnitine deficiency and its association with hemodialysis complications in the pediatric population. METHODS This research was a pilot study of 29 children undergoing hemodialysis. Before hemodialysis, a 5-mL blood sample was drawn from each patient through a peripheral vein to measure serum-free carnitine levels, complete blood count with differential, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and electrolytes. Each patient was observed for intradialytic complications, including muscle cramps and hypotension, during 12 sessions of hemodialysis. RESULTS We included 26 participants with a mean age of 14.23 years undergoing hemodialysis. Carnitine deficiency was revealed in 54.8% of our participants. Also, there was no significant correlation between carnitine deficiency and age, gender, and BUN levels (P = 0.698, P = 0.43, and P > 0.05, respectively). Intradialytic complications, including episodes of hypotension and muscle cramps, were more frequent in patients with carnitine deficiency (P = 0.02, P = 0.01, respectively). Other reasons for muscle cramps, such as fluid overload, nutritional status, dialysis regimen, and other important lab results (phosphorus, magnesium, etc.), were ruled out. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we found a higher prevalence of carnitine deficiency in pediatric hemodialysis patients. Carnitine deficiency was significantly associated with increased intradialytic symptoms, including muscle spasms and hypotension. Our results could support a potential role of carnitine supplementation in pediatric patients with kidney failure for controlling intradialytic complications, but this requires further investigation. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Bazargani
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daryoosh Fahimi
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Askarian
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mastaneh Moghtaderi
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Abbasi
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Samimi
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bakhtiari Koohsorkhi
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, 62 Qarib St., Keshavarz Blvd, 14194, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Morgans HA, Chadha V, Warady BA. The role of carnitine in maintenance dialysis therapy. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2545-2551. [PMID: 34143302 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05101-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Carnitine metabolism and homeostasis is significantly altered in patients receiving maintenance dialysis. Current literature in the adult and pediatric dialysis populations suggest a high prevalence of carnitine deficiency, which may lead to erythropoietin-resistant anemia, cardiomyopathy, and muscle weakness. However, the results of pediatric dialysis studies are limited and have not provided the evidence necessary to support strong recommendations or guidelines pertaining to carnitine management. The characteristics and function of carnitine, the definition and consequences of deficiency, a brief overview of recent adult studies, and current studies on carnitine supplementation in pediatric hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) populations are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Morgans
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Vimal Chadha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Bradley A Warady
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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7
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Sims K. Congenital Hyperinsulinism. Neoreviews 2021; 22:e230-e240. [PMID: 33795398 DOI: 10.1542/neo.22-4-e230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH) is fairly common in neonates, particularly those born to diabetic mothers and those who are either large or small for gestational age. Immediate management of the disease focuses on achieving normoglycemia through frequent high-calorie feedings and/or intravenous glucose administration. Glucagon may be used for unstable infants in whom intravenous access cannot be obtained and enteral feedings cannot be administered. HH that persists despite these interventions should raise concern for congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), prompting clinicians to perform a thorough evaluation. CHI consists of a group of genetic disorders in which inappropriate insulin secretion results in persistent hypoglycemia. Defects can occur in the various genes that regulate the pathway for insulin secretion in the pancreatic β-cells. Pharmacologic therapies are used for long-term management of the disease coupled with either curative or therapeutic surgical intervention. Because of the developing brain's high demand for glucose, these infants are at increased risk for hypoglycemic brain injury. This review will describe the pathogenesis of CHI, outlining the more common genetic mutations and associated syndromes. We will also discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of CHI while providing insight into the overall prognosis.
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8
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Kępka A, Zwierz P, Chojnowska S, Ochocińska A, Skorupa E, Szczepański M, Szajda SD, Waszkiewicz N. Relation of plasma carnitine and aminotransferases to alcohol dose and time of dependence. Alcohol 2019; 81:62-69. [PMID: 31029632 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum aspartate, alanine aminotransferases (AST, ALT), and plasma carnitine are all indirect biomarkers of alcohol abuse. Carnitine transfers long-chain fatty acids from cytoplasm to mitochondria for β-oxidation. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between daily alcohol intake, time of alcohol dependence, plasma carnitine, and serum aminotransferases. PATIENTS We studied 26 men who were addicted for 2-30 years, consuming ethanol from 75 to 700 g/day (alcoholic group), as well as 17 healthy men (control group). RESULTS In alcoholics, compared to the controls, we found: a significant increase in serum: AST (p = 0.0014), ALT (p = 0.0071), AST/ALT ratio (p < 0.000); significantly lower plasma free carnitine (FC) (p = 0.0316) and total carnitine (TC) (p = 0.0349); and a significant negative correlation between FC (r = -0.6200; R2 = 0.3844; p = 0.0007), TC (r = -0.4365; R2 = 0.1905; p = 0.0258), and time of alcohol dependence, suggesting carnitine as an indirect marker of alcohol abuse. We did not find any significant correlation between FC, TC, and levels of alcohol or aminotransferase activity. CONCLUSION In the alcoholic group, there was an increase in serum activity of AST, ALT, and AST/ALT ratio that confirms liver injury. In addition, we found low plasma FC and TC, which may indicate damage to mitochondrial β-oxidation caused by alcohol metabolites. The significantly higher plasma FC and TC in patients consuming the most, compared to patients consuming smaller doses of alcohol, may be caused by a lower carnitine demand of injured liver cells, decreased urinary carnitine excretion by impaired renal tubules, and leakage of carnitine into the blood from damaged muscles by the higher quantities of alcohol. The negative correlation between carnitine concentration and time of alcohol dependence may suggest the potential use of carnitine for treatment of alcohol abuse.
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9
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Jafari A, Khatami MR, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Lessan-Pezeshki M, Abdollahi A, Moghaddas A. Protective Effects of L-Carnitine Against Delayed Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Ren Nutr 2017; 27:113-126. [PMID: 28065453 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delayed graft function (DGF) is an early complication after deceased donor kidney transplantation with significant adverse effects on graft outcomes. Ischemia-reperfusion injury during transplantation is a major cause of DGF. Tissue concentrations of carnitine, an antioxidant and regulator of cellular energy supply, decrease in the kidney following ischemia-reperfusion insult. Based on promising animal data, this study evaluated the possible protective effect of L-carnitine against DGF. DESIGN This study is a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that was conducted on kidney transplantation patients in kidney transplant ward of Imam Khomeini hospital complex affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. SUBJECTS Patients older than 14 years old undergoing their first kidney transplantation from a deceased donor were evaluated for eligibility to take part in this study. Fifty-six patients were randomly assigned to L-carnitine or placebo groups. INTERVENTION During this trial, 3 g of oral L-carnitine or placebo was administered in 3 divided doses each day for 4 consecutive days starting the day before kidney transplantation (i.e., days -1, 0, 1, and 2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The need for dialysis within the first week after transplantation, serum creatinine and urine output were assessed daily. After hospital discharge, patients were followed for 3 months regarding organ function. RESULTS DGF incidence did not differ between the L-carnitine and placebo groups (18.51% vs. 23.8%, respectively; P = .68). Total allograft failure within 3 months after kidney transplantation happened in 6 patients in the placebo and 1 patient in the L-carnitine group (P = .05). CONCLUSION This study showed no protective effects of oral L-carnitine supplementation against DGF occurrence recipients; however, 3-month graft loss was lower in the L-carnitine supplemented group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Jafari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Simin Dashti-Khavidaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, Valie-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Moghaddas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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10
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Cruciani RA, Revuelta M, Dvorkin E, Homel P, Lesage P, Esteban-Cruciani N. L-carnitine supplementation in patients with HIV/AIDS and fatigue: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. HIV AIDS-RESEARCH AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2015; 7:65-73. [PMID: 25733927 PMCID: PMC4340370 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s66695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on fatigue in patients with terminal human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, patients who had end-stage HIV/AIDS with carnitine deficiency and fatigue received 3 g of oral L-carnitine or placebo for 2 weeks, followed by a 2-week, open-label phase with the same amount of L-carnitine for all patients. The primary outcome was the degree of fatigue according to the Brief Fatigue Inventory. Secondary outcomes included serum carnitine and lactate levels, physical, emotional, social, and functional well-being, performance status, mood, and CD4 count. Results Eighteen patients in the treatment arm and 17 in the placebo arm completed the trial. At the end of the double-blind phase, total and free carnitine levels in the treatment arm rose from 28±9 to 48±17 nM/L (P<0.001) and from 24±8 to 40±13 nM/L (P<0.001) respectively, with no changes in the placebo arm. The primary outcome, ie, fatigue measured at the end of the blinded phase, did not improve. Secondary outcomes of function, quality of life, and mood did not show improvement either. The secondary outcome of serum lactate decreased from baseline in the treatment group (1.45±0.76 to 1.28±0.52 mmol/L) and increased in the placebo group (1.38±0.62 to 1.84±0.74 mmol/L; P<0.005). Conclusion Our study suggests that 3 g of oral L-carnitine supplementation for 2 weeks in terminally ill HIV/AIDS patients does not improve fatigue. This study might help to determine the dose and duration of treatment used in future clinical trials, as higher doses and/or longer periods of supplementation might be needed in order to detect an improvement. The reduction in serum lactate levels suggests a potential role for L-carnitine supplementation in patients undergoing certain types of antiretroviral therapy. This study contributes evidence-based data to the field of alternative and complementary medicine, a multibillion dollar industry in which controlled studies are not the norm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Cruciani
- Center for Comprehensive Pain Management and Palliative Care, Capital Institute for Neurosciences, Capital Health Medical Center, Pennington, NJ, USA
| | | | - Ella Dvorkin
- Institutional Review Board, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Homel
- Department of Pain Medicine and Palliative Care, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nora Esteban-Cruciani
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Xiong Z, Xu H, Huang X, Ärnlöv J, Qureshi AR, Cederholm T, Sjögren P, Lindholm B, Risérus U, Carrero JJ. Nonesterified fatty acids and cardiovascular mortality in elderly men with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 10:584-91. [PMID: 25637632 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.08830914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are essential as energy substrate for the myocardium, an excess of circulating NEFAs can be harmful. This study aimed to assess plausible relationships between serum NEFA and mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS This was a prospective cohort study from the third examination cycle of the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men, a population-based survey of 1221 elderly men aged 70-71 years residing in Uppsala, Sweden. Data collection took place during 1991-1995. All participants had measures of kidney function; this study investigated 623 (51.7%) of these patients with manifest CKD (defined as either eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) or urine albumin excretion rate ≥20 µg/min). Follow-up for mortality was done from examination date until death or December 31, 2007. After a median follow-up of 14 years (interquartile range, 8-16.8), associations of NEFAs with mortality (related to all causes, CVD, ischemic heart disease [IHD], or acute myocardial infarction) were ascertained. RESULTS The median serum NEFA was 14.1 mg/dl (interquartile range, 11.3-17.8). No association was found with measures of kidney function. Diabetes and serum triglycerides were the only multivariate correlates of NEFA. During follow-up, 453 participants died, of which 209 deaths were due to CVD, including 88 IHD deaths, with 41 attributed to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In fully adjusted covariates, serum NEFA was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] per log2 increase, 1.22; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.00 to 1.48) and CVD-related death (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.99), including both IHD (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.00 to 2.32) and AMI mortality (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.98). CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum NEFA associated with CVD mortality, and particularly with mortality due to AMI, in a homogeneous population of older men with moderate CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Xiong
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, and Division of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, and
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, and School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Abdul Rashid Qureshi
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, and
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Per Sjögren
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, and
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; and
| | - Juan Jesús Carrero
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden;
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Nassiri A, Dashti-Khavidaki S, Khalili H, Nassiri-Toosi M, Abdollahi A. Serum carnitine level and its associated factors in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Future Virol 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.14.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Aim: Serum carnitine level and its associated factors have been evaluated in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Methods: Patients with confirmed chronic viral hepatitis based on the serological markers and liver biopsy were included. In total, 86 volunteers and 86 patients with chronic viral hepatitis completed the study. Demographic data, type of treatment regimen and nutritional status of the patients were recorded and one blood sample was collected from each patient after an overnight fasting. A double antibody sandwich ELISA kit was used to measure carnitine serum level. Results: Mean ± standard deviation of serum carnitine level in the case and control groups were 34.3 ± 15.3 and 55.7 ± 28.4 μmol/l, respectively (p = 0.001). Regarding carnitine deficiency definition, 64 out of 86 patients (74.4%) and 21 out of 86 (24.5%) healthy individuals suffered from carnitine deficiency (p < 0.001). Carnitine dietary intake was significantly lower (p < 0.001). Compared with patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, a more severe form of carnitine deficiency was detected in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (18.39 ± 15.68 μmol/l vs 42.30 ± 32.92 μmol/l; p = 0.03). In addition, serum carnitine level (41.1 ± 14.8 μmol/l) was significantly higher in the cirrhotic than noncirrhotic patients (31.60 ± 13.2 μmol/l; p = 0.04). Conclusion: Although the cirrhotic patients had higher serum carnitine level compared with noncirrhotic patients, serum carnitine level in the patients with chronic hepatitis was significantly lower than the healthy individuals. Also compared with the defined cut-off point for normal carnitine serum level, carnitine deficiency was common in Iranian patients with chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Nassiri
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Khalili
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nassiri-Toosi
- Imam-Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Vali-E-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Salamzadeh J, Rezaee H, Khalili H, Jafari S, Abdollahi A. Evaluation of serum level of carnitine in HIV-positive individuals and its possible explanatory factors. Future Virol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims: This cross-sectional study evaluated the status of serum carnitine level and its possible explanatory factors in Iranian HIV-positive patients. Materials & methods: During a 1-year period, 210 HIV-positive patients older than 18 years of age were enrolled in the study. Serum carnitine concentrations of the patients were measured using radioimmunoassay kits. Probable correlations between the patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics with their serum levels of carnitine were determined in this study. Results: In comparison with normal serum concentration of carnitine in a healthy population, 63.45% of the patients had carnitine deficiency. Receiving antiretroviral regimen, duration of HIV infection, receiving fibrate drugs, serum total cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and serum triglyceride had significant correlations with serum level of carnitine of the patients. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that carnitine deficiency is prevalent in Iranian HIV/AIDS patients. Nutritional risk assessment of HIV-positive individuals at first visit and in the follow-up is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Salamzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Rezaee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khalili
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Jafari
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Verrina E, Caruso U, Calevo MG, Emma F, Sorino P, De Palo T, Lavoratti G, Turrini Dertenois L, Cassanello M, Cerone R, Perfumo F. Effect of carnitine supplementation on lipid profile and anemia in children on chronic dialysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2007; 22:727-33. [PMID: 17277954 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-006-0408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2006] [Revised: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We prospectively evaluated the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on plasma free carnitine (FC) levels, serum lipid profile, and erythropoietin (rhEPO) requirement in 24 children treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD; n=16) or hemodialysis (HD; n=8). The study was divided into a 3-month observation period, and a 3-month treatment period during which patients received 20 mg/kg per day of L-carnitine given orally. Clinical, biochemical, and hematological data were collected every 3 months. FC levels were measured in plasma and peritoneal dialysate by tandem mass spectrometry. There were no statistically significant changes in lipid levels, hemoglobin, or rhEPO requirements during the course of the study. Fifteen patients (13 PD, 2 HD) had plasma FC levels measured before and after treatment; FC levels increased from 32.1 +/- 14.1 micromol/l to 80.9 +/- 38.7 micromol/l (P<0.001). In PD patients, dialysate FC losses increased from 106 +/- 78 micromol/day at baseline to 178 +/- 119 micromol/day after supplementation. Positive correlations between FC plasma levels and dialysate levels (R=0.507) or daily excretion (R=0.603) were found after treatment. In our case series, an oral dose of 20 mg/kg per day of L-carnitine restored FC levels and produced a positive carnitine balance with no significant effects on hematological parameters or lipid profile over a 3-month period. Prolonged treatment duration may be required to obtain significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Verrina
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Largo G. Gaslini, 5, 16148, Genova, Italy.
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