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Atosuo J, Karhuvaara O, Suominen E, Virtanen J, Vilén L, Nuutila J. The role of gamma globulin, complement component 1q, factor B, properdin, body temperature, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid alpha to the activity and the function of the human complement system and its pathways. J Immunol Methods 2024; 531:113709. [PMID: 38862098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The complement system plays a crucial role in orchestrating the activation and regulation of inflammation within the human immune system. Three distinct activation pathways-classical, lectin, and alternative-converge to form the common lytic pathway, culminating in the formation of the membrane-attacking complex that disrupts the structure of pathogens. Dysregulated complement system activity can lead to tissue damage, autoimmune diseases, or immune deficiencies. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of human serum was investigated by using a bioluminescent microbe probe, Escherichia coli (pEGFPluxABCDEamp). This probe has previously been used to determine the antimicrobial activity of complement system and the polymorphonuclear neutrophils. In this study, blocking antibodies against key serum activators and components, including IgG, complement component 1q, factor B, and properdin, were utilized. The influence of body temperature and acute phase proteins, such as C reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid alpha (SAA), on the complement system was also examined. The study reveals the critical factors influencing complement system activity and pathway function. Alongside crucial factors like C1q and IgG, alternative pathway components factor B and properdin played pivotal roles. Results indicated that the alternative pathway accounted for approximately one third of the overall serum antimicrobial activity, and blocking this pathway disrupted the entire complement system. Contrary to expectations, elevated body temperature during inflammation did not enhance the antimicrobial activity of human serum. CRP demonstrated complement activation properties, but at higher physiological concentrations, it exhibited antagonistic tendencies, dampening the response. On the other hand, SAA enhanced the serum's activity. Overall, this study sheds a light on the critical factors affecting both complement system activity and pathway functionality, emphasizing the importance of a balanced immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Atosuo
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20140, Finland.
| | - Outi Karhuvaara
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20140, Finland.
| | - Eetu Suominen
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20140, Finland.
| | - Julia Virtanen
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20140, Finland
| | - Liisa Vilén
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Clinical Department, Faculty of Medicine, 20140, University of Turku, Finland.
| | - Jari Nuutila
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Department of Life Technologies, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, 20140, Finland.
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Melrose J. CNS/PNS proteoglycans functionalize neuronal and astrocyte niche microenvironments optimizing cellular activity by preserving membrane polarization dynamics, ionic microenvironments, ion fluxes, neuronal activation, and network neurotransductive capacity. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25361. [PMID: 39034899 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Central and peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) proteoglycans (PGs) have diverse functional roles, this study examined how these control cellular behavior and tissue function. The CNS/PNS extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic, responsive, highly interactive, space-filling, cell supportive, stabilizing structure maintaining tissue compartments, ionic microenvironments, and microgradients that regulate neuronal activity and maintain the neuron in an optimal ionic microenvironment. The CNS/PNS contains a high glycosaminoglycan content (60% hyaluronan, HA) and a diverse range of stabilizing PGs. Immobilization of HA in brain tissues by HA interactive hyalectan PGs preserves tissue hydration and neuronal activity, a paucity of HA in brain tissues results in a pro-convulsant epileptic phenotype. Diverse CS, KS, and HSPGs stabilize the blood-brain barrier and neurovascular unit, provide smart gel neurotransmitter neuron vesicle storage and delivery, organize the neuromuscular junction basement membrane, and provide motor neuron synaptic plasticity, and photoreceptor and neuron synaptic functions. PG-HA networks maintain ionic fluxes and microgradients and tissue compartments that contribute to membrane polarization dynamics essential to neuronal activation and neurotransduction. Hyalectans form neuroprotective perineuronal nets contributing to synaptic plasticity, memory, and cognitive learning. Sialoglycoprotein associated with cones and rods (SPACRCAN), an HA binding CSPG, stabilizes the inter-photoreceptor ECM. HSPGs pikachurin and eyes shut stabilize the photoreceptor synapse aiding in phototransduction and neurotransduction with retinal bipolar neurons crucial to visual acuity. This is achieved through Laminin G motifs in pikachurin, eyes shut, and neurexins that interact with the dystroglycan-cytoskeleton-ECM-stabilizing synaptic interconnections, neuronal interactive specificity, and co-ordination of regulatory action potentials in neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Northern, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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Okamoto CK, van den Berg CW, Pohl PC, Tambourgi DV. Role of the complement system in kidney cell death induced by Loxosceles venom Sphingomyelinases D. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1561-1572. [PMID: 38498159 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Envenomation by Loxosceles spiders can result in local and systemic pathologies. Systemic loxoscelism, which can lead to death, is characterized by intravascular hemolysis, platelet aggregation, and acute kidney injury. Sphingomyelinase D (SMase D) in Loxosceles spider venom is responsible for both local and systemic pathologies, and has been shown to induce metalloprotease activity. As the complement system is involved in many renal pathologies and is involved in hemolysis in systemic loxoscelism, the aim of this study was to investigate its role and the role of complement regulators and metalloproteases in an in vitro model of Loxosceles venom induced renal pathology. We investigated the effects of the venom/SMase D and the complement system on the HK-2 kidney cell line. Using cell viability assays, western blotting, and flow cytometry, we show that human serum, as a source of complement, enhanced the venom/SMase D induced cell death and the deposition of complement components and properdin. Inhibitors for ADAM-10 and ADAM-17 prevented the venom induced release of the of the complement regulator MCP/CD46 and reduced the venom/SMase D induced cell death. Our results show that the complement system can contribute to Loxosceles venom induced renal pathology. We therefore suggest that patients experiencing systemic loxoscelism may benefit from treatment with metalloproteinase inhibitors and complement inhibitors, but this proposition should be further analyzed in future pre-clinical and clinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen W van den Berg
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paula C Pohl
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
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Shen X, Niu YC, Uichanco JAV, Phua N, Bhandare P, Thevasagayam NM, Prakki SRS, Orbán L. Mapping of a major QTL for increased robustness and detection of genome assembly errors in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:449. [PMID: 37558985 PMCID: PMC10413685 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1790) cultured at sea cages various aquatic pathogens, complex environmental and stress factors are considered as leading causes of disease, causing tens of millions of dollars of annual economic losses. Over the years, we conducted farm-based challenges by exposing Asian seabass juveniles to complex natural environmental conditions. In one of these challenges, we collected a total of 1,250 fish classified as either 'sensitive' or 'robust' individuals during the 28-day observation period. RESULTS We constructed a high-resolution linkage map with 3,089 SNPs for Asian seabass using the double digest Restriction-site Associated DNA (ddRAD) technology and a performed a search for Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with robustness. The search detected a major genome-wide significant QTL for increased robustness in pathogen-infected marine environment on linkage group 11 (ASB_LG11; 88.9 cM to 93.6 cM) with phenotypic variation explained of 81.0%. The QTL was positioned within a > 800 kb genomic region located at the tip of chromosome ASB_LG11 with two Single Nucleotide Polymorphism markers, R1-38468 and R1-61252, located near to the two ends of the QTL. When the R1-61252 marker was validated experimentally in a different mass cross population, it showed a statistically significant association with increased robustness. The majority of thirty-six potential candidate genes located within the QTL have known functions related to innate immunity, stress response or disease. By utilizing this ddRAD-based map, we detected five mis-assemblies corresponding to four chromosomes, namely ASB_LG8, ASB_LG9, ASB_LG15 and ASB_LG20, in the current Asian seabass reference genome assembly. CONCLUSION According to our knowledge, the QTL associated with increased robustness is the first such finding from a tropical fish species. Depending on further validation in other stocks and populations, it might be potentially useful for selecting robust Asian seabass lines in selection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Shen
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore.
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | | | - Joseph Angelo V Uichanco
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- James Cook University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norman Phua
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- Present Address: School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Life Sciences Applied Research Group, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pranjali Bhandare
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- Present address: Theodor Boven Institute (Biocenter), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natascha May Thevasagayam
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- Present address: Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sai Rama Sridatta Prakki
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore
- Present address: Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - László Orbán
- Reproductive Genomics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Singapore.
- Frontline Fish Genomics Research Group, Department of Applied Fish Biology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Keszthely, Hungary.
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Ishak GM, Feugang JM, Pechanova O, Pechan T, Peterson DG, Willard ST, Ryan PL, Gastal EL. Follicular-fluid proteomics during equine follicle development. Mol Reprod Dev 2022; 89:298-311. [PMID: 35762042 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The complex composition of the follicular fluid (FF), the intimate proximity to the oocyte, and the continual changes in their composition have a major effect on folliculogenesis and oogenesis. To date, the profiling of FF proteomes during follicle selection, development, and ovulation has not been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, a shotgun proteomics approach and bioinformatics analyses were used to profile the proteomes of equine FF harvested in vivo from follicles at the following development stages: predeviation (18-20 mm), deviation (22-25 mm), postdeviation (26-29 mm), preovulatory (30-35 mm), and impending ovulation. A total of 294 proteins were detected in FF (FDR <1%), corresponding to 65 common proteins and 124, 142, 167, 132, and 142 proteins in the predeviation, deviation, postdeviation, preovulatory, and impending ovulation groups, respectively. The higher expression of properdin and several other proteins belonging to the complement system during the deviation time and ovulation suggested their contribution in the selection of the future dominant follicle and ovulation. Apolipoprotein A-1 and antithrombin-III appeared to be important throughout folliculogenesis. The "complement and coagulation cascades" was the major KEGG pathway across all stages of follicle development. The significant expression of several proteins belonging to the serine-type endopeptidase indicated their likely contribution to follicle and oocyte development. Our data provide an extensive description and functional analyses of the equine FF proteome during follicle selection, development, and ovulation. This information will help improve understanding of the ovarian function and ovulatory dysfunctions and might serve as a reference for future biomarker discovery for oocyte quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan M Ishak
- Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Olga Pechanova
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Tibor Pechan
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Daniel G Peterson
- Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing & Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Scott T Willard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Peter L Ryan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Eduardo L Gastal
- Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
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Stage II of Chronic Kidney Disease—A Tipping Point in Disease Progression? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071522. [PMID: 35884827 PMCID: PMC9313233 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive loss of renal function. Although advances have been made in understanding the progression of CKD, key molecular events in complex pathophysiological mechanisms that mark each stage of renal failure remain largely unknown. Changes in plasma protein profiles in different disease stages are important for identification of early diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. The goal of this study was to determine the molecular profile of each CKD stage (from 1 to 5), aiming to specifically point out markedly expressed or downregulated proteins. We performed a cross-sectional shotgun-proteomic study of pooled plasma across CKD stages and compared them to healthy controls. After sample pooling and heparin-column purification we analysed proteomes from healthy to CKD stage 1 through 5 participants’ plasma by liquid-chromatography/mass-spectrometry. We identified 453 proteins across all study groups. Our results indicate that key events, which may later affect the course of disease progression and the overall pathophysiological background, are most pronounced in CKD stage 2, with an emphasis on inflammation, lipoprotein metabolism, angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. We hypothesize that CKD stage 2 is the tipping point in disease progression and a suitable point in disease course for the development of therapeutic solutions.
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7
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Michels MAHM, Maas RJF, van der Velden TJAM, van de Kar NCAJ, van den Heuvel LPWJ, Volokhina EB. The Role of Properdin in C5 Convertase Activity and C5b-9 Formation in the Complement Alternative Pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:2465-2472. [PMID: 34635587 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is an important part of innate immunity. Complement activation leads to formation of convertase enzymes, switch of their specificity from C3 to C5 cleavage, and generation of lytic membrane attack complexes (C5b-9) on surfaces of pathogens. Most C5 cleavage occurs via the complement alternative pathway (AP). The regulator properdin promotes generation and stabilization of AP convertases. However, its role in C5 activation is not yet understood. In this work, we showed that serum properdin is essential for LPS- and zymosan-induced C5b-9 generation and C5b-9-mediated lysis of rabbit erythrocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrated its essential role in C5 cleavage by AP convertases. To this end, we developed a hemolytic assay in which AP convertases were generated on rabbit erythrocytes by using properdin-depleted serum in the presence of C5 inhibitor (step 1), followed by washing and addition of purified C5-C9 components to allow C5b-9 formation (step 2). In this assay, addition of purified properdin to properdin-depleted serum during convertase formation (step 1) was required to restore C5 cleavage and C5b-9-mediated hemolysis. Importantly, C5 convertase activity was also fully restored when properdin was added together with C5b-9 components (step 2), thus after convertase formation. Moreover, with C3-depleted serum, not capable of forming new convertases but containing properdin, in step 2 of the assay, again full C5b-9 formation was observed and blocked by addition of properdin inhibitor Salp20. Thus, properdin is essential for the convertase specificity switch toward C5, and this function is independent of properdin's role in new convertase formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes A H M Michels
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands;
| | - Rianne J F Maas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thea J A M van der Velden
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole C A J van de Kar
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lambertus P W J van den Heuvel
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics/Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and.,Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena B Volokhina
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Łuczkowska K, Rutka M, Rogińska D, Paczkowska E, Baumert B, Milczarek S, Górska M, Kulig P, Osękowska B, Janowski M, Safranow K, Sommerfeld K, Borowiecka E, Zawodny P, Koclęga A, Helbig G, Machaliński B. The Potential Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Complement Components in the Development of Drug-Induced Neuropathy in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194584. [PMID: 34640602 PMCID: PMC8509696 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The launch of novel chemotherapeutic agents-in particular, proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs-dramatically changed multiple myeloma (MM) therapy, improving the response rate and prolonging progression-free survival. However, none of the anti-MM drugs are deprived of side effects. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) seems to be one of the most pressing problems. Despite extensive research in this area, the pathogenesis of drug-induced peripheral neuropathy (DiPN) has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to assess the potential relationship between proinflammatory factors and the development of PN in MM patients with particular emphasis on the application of VTD (bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone) regimen. Our analysis identified increased concentrations of CCL2, IL-1β, and IFN-γ in plasma of MM patients during treatment, both with and without symptoms of PN, compared with untreated neuropathy-free MM patients. At the same time, the plasma concentration of IL-1β in patients with neuropathy was significantly increased compared with patients without PN before and during treatment. Moreover, the results were enhanced at the transcript level by performing global mRNA expression analysis using microarray technology. The most significant changes were observed in the expression of genes responsible for regulating immunological and apoptotic processes. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the development of DiPN might in the future reduce the incidence of PN and accelerate diagnosis, allowing the choice of neuropathy-free treatment strategies for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Łuczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.Ł.); (M.R.); (D.R.); (E.P.); (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.K.); (P.Z.)
| | - Magdalena Rutka
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.Ł.); (M.R.); (D.R.); (E.P.); (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.K.); (P.Z.)
| | - Dorota Rogińska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.Ł.); (M.R.); (D.R.); (E.P.); (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.K.); (P.Z.)
| | - Edyta Paczkowska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.Ł.); (M.R.); (D.R.); (E.P.); (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.K.); (P.Z.)
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (B.B.); (B.O.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Bartłomiej Baumert
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (B.B.); (B.O.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Sławomir Milczarek
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.Ł.); (M.R.); (D.R.); (E.P.); (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.K.); (P.Z.)
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (B.B.); (B.O.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Martyna Górska
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.Ł.); (M.R.); (D.R.); (E.P.); (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.K.); (P.Z.)
| | - Piotr Kulig
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.Ł.); (M.R.); (D.R.); (E.P.); (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.K.); (P.Z.)
| | - Bogumiła Osękowska
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (B.B.); (B.O.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Michał Janowski
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (B.B.); (B.O.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Sommerfeld
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (B.B.); (B.O.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Ewa Borowiecka
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (B.B.); (B.O.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Piotr Zawodny
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.Ł.); (M.R.); (D.R.); (E.P.); (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.K.); (P.Z.)
| | - Anna Koclęga
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.); (G.H.)
| | - Grzegorz Helbig
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.); (G.H.)
| | - Bogusław Machaliński
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.Ł.); (M.R.); (D.R.); (E.P.); (S.M.); (M.G.); (P.K.); (P.Z.)
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland; (B.B.); (B.O.); (M.J.); (K.S.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Elevated Expression Levels of Lung Complement Anaphylatoxin, Neutrophil Chemoattractant Chemokine IL-8, and RANTES in MERS-CoV-Infected Patients: Predictive Biomarkers for Disease Severity and Mortality. J Clin Immunol 2021; 41:1607-1620. [PMID: 34232441 PMCID: PMC8260346 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-021-01061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The complement system, a network of highly-regulated proteins, represents a vital part of the innate immune response. Over-activation of the complement system plays an important role in inflammation, tissue damage, and infectious disease severity. The prevalence of MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia remains significant and cases are still being reported. The role of complement in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pathogenesis and complement-modulating treatment strategies has received limited attention, and studies involving MERS-CoV-infected patients have not been reported. This study offers the first insight into the pulmonary expression profile including seven complement proteins, complement regulatory factors, IL-8, and RANTES in MERS-CoV infected patients without underlying chronic medical conditions. Our results significantly indicate high expression levels of complement anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a), IL-8, and RANTES in the lungs of MERS-CoV-infected patients. The upregulation of lung complement anaphylatoxins, C5a, and C3a was positively correlated with IL-8, RANTES, and the fatality rate. Our results also showed upregulation of the positive regulatory complement factor P, suggesting positive regulation of the complement during MERS-CoV infection. High levels of lung C5a, C3a, factor P, IL-8, and RANTES may contribute to the immunopathology, disease severity, ARDS development, and a higher fatality rate in MERS-CoV-infected patients. These findings highlight the potential prognostic utility of C5a, C3a, IL-8, and RANTES as biomarkers for MERS-CoV disease severity and mortality. To further explore the prediction of functional partners (proteins) of highly expressed proteins (C5a, C3a, factor P, IL-8, and RANTES), the computational protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, and six proteins (hub nodes) were identified.
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Cui G, Geng L, Zhu L, Lin Z, Liu X, Miao Z, Jiang J, Feng X, Wei F. CFP is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in Gastric Cancer and Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:3378-3390. [PMID: 33976747 PMCID: PMC8100816 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement factor properdin (CFP), encodes plasma glycoprotein, is a critical gene that regulates the complement pathway of the innate immune system. However, correlations of CFP in cancers remain unclear. In this study, the expression pattern and prognostic value of CFP in pan-cancer were analyzed via the Oncomine, PrognoScan, GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier plotters. In addition, we used immunohistochemical staining to validate CFP expression in clinical tissue samples. Finally, we evaluated the correlations between CFP and cancer immune infiltrates particularly in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) by using GEPIA and TIMER databases. The results of database analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression level of CFP in STAD and LUAD was lower than that in normal tissues. Low expression level of CFP was associated with poorer overall survival (OS), first progression (FP), post progression survival (PPS) and was detrimental to the prognosis of STAD and LUAD, specifically in stage 3, stage T3, stage N2 and N3 of STAD (P<0.05). Moreover, expression of CFP had significant positive correlations with the infiltration levels of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs) in STAD and LUAD. Furthermore, gene markers of infiltrating immune cells exhibited different CFP-related immune infiltration patterns such as tumor-associated-macrophages (TAMs). These results suggest that CFP can serve as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in STAD and LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Cui
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Geng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210017, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenyan Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengyue Miao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jintao Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoke Feng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Department of Physiology, School of medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Ghosh S, Das S, Mukherjee J, Abdullah S, Mondal R, Sultana S, Sehgal A, Behl T. Enumerating the role of properdin in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and its possible therapies. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107429. [PMID: 33571820 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has become the most prevalent form of glomerulonephritis affecting almost 1.3% of the total population worldwide. It is an autoimmune disorder where the host autoantibody forms an immune complex with the defective galactose-deficient IgA1 and gets deposited at the mesangium and endocapillary region of glomeruli. IgA has the capability to activate alternative and lectin complement cascades which even aggravates the condition. Properdin is directly associated with IgAN by activating and stabilising the alternative complement pathway at the mesangium, thereby causing progressive renal damage. OBJECTIVE The present review mainly focuses on correlating the influence of properdin in activating the complement cascade at glomeruli which is the major cause of disease exacerbation. Secondly, we have described the probable therapies and new targets that are under trials to check their efficacy in IgAN. METHODS An in-depth research was carried out from different peer-reviewed articles till December 2020 from several renowned databases like PubMed, Frontier, and MEDLINE, and the information was analysed and written in a simplified manner. RESULTS Co-deposition of properdin is observed along with IgA and C3 in 75%-100% of the patients. It is not yet fully understood whether properdin inhibition can attenuate IgAN, as many conflicting reports have revealed worsening of IgAN after impeding properdin. CONCLUSION With no specific cure still available, the treatment strategies are of great concern to find a better target to restrict the disease progression. More research and clinical trials are required to find out a prominent target to combat IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Ghosh
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Srijita Das
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Joy Mukherjee
- Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Hooghly 712102, West Bengal, India
| | - Salik Abdullah
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupsa Mondal
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Shirin Sultana
- Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Panihati, Kolkata 700114, West Bengal, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Patiala 140401, Punjab, India.
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12
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Alaridhee H, Alharbi A, Saeed Z, Thomas RC, Stover CM. Complement Properdin Determines Disease Activity in MRL/ lpr Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56090430. [PMID: 32867176 PMCID: PMC7559332 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background and objects: In systemic lupus erythematosus, circulating immune complexes activate complement and, when trapped in renal capillaries, cause glomerulonephritis. Mouse models have been used in the preclinical assessment of targeting complement activation pathways to manage chronic inflammation in lupus. Properdin is the only known positive regulator of complement activation, but its role in the severity of lupus nephritis has not been studied yet. Materials and Methods: Fully characterized properdin-deficient mice were crossed with lupus prone MRL/lpr mice on C57Bl/6 background. Results: Compared to MRL/lpr properdin wildtype mice, MRL/lpr properdin-deficient mice had significantly lower anti-DNA antibody titres, TNFα and BAFF levels in serum. The qualitative glomerulonephritic score was less severe and there was significantly less serum creatinine in MRL/lpr properdin-deficient mice compared to MRL/lpr properdin wildtype littermate mice. Conclusion: Properdin plays a significant role in the severity of lupus overall and specifically in the extent of glomerulonephritis observed in MRL/lpr mice. Because MRL/lpr properdin-deficient mice had lower levels of anti-DNA antibodies, inflammatory mediators and markers of renal impairment, the study implies that properdin could constitute a novel therapy target in lupus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasanain Alaridhee
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; (H.A.); (A.A.); (Z.S.); (R.C.T.)
| | - Azzah Alharbi
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; (H.A.); (A.A.); (Z.S.); (R.C.T.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeayd Saeed
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; (H.A.); (A.A.); (Z.S.); (R.C.T.)
- Department of Nursing, Technical Institute of Samawa, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Najaf 54003, Iraq
| | - Róisín C. Thomas
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; (H.A.); (A.A.); (Z.S.); (R.C.T.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Cordula M. Stover
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK; (H.A.); (A.A.); (Z.S.); (R.C.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-116-252-5032
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13
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Caravaca-Fontán F, Díaz-Encarnación MM, Lucientes L, Cavero T, Cabello V, Ariceta G, Quintana LF, Marco H, Barros X, Ramos N, Rodríguez-Mendiola N, Cruz S, Fernández-Juárez G, Rodríguez A, Pérez de José A, Rabasco C, Rodado R, Fernández L, Pérez Gómez V, Ávila AI, Bravo L, Lumbreras J, Allende N, Sanchez de la Nieta MD, Rodríguez E, Olea T, Melgosa M, Huerta A, Miquel R, Mon C, Fraga G, de Lorenzo A, Draibe J, Cano-Megías M, González F, Shabaka A, López-Rubio ME, Fenollosa MÁ, Martín-Penagos L, Da Silva I, Alonso Titos J, Rodríguez de Córdoba S, Goicoechea de Jorge E, Praga M. Mycophenolate Mofetil in C3 Glomerulopathy and Pathogenic Drivers of the Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 15:1287-1298. [PMID: 32816888 PMCID: PMC7480558 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.15241219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES C3 glomerulopathy is a complement-mediated disease arising from abnormalities in complement genes and/or antibodies against complement components. Previous studies showed that treatment with corticosteroids plus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was associated with improved outcomes, although the genetic profile of these patients was not systematically analyzed. This study aims to analyze the main determinants of disease progression and response to this therapeutic regimen. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort study in 35 nephrology departments belonging to the Spanish Group for the Study of Glomerular Diseases. Patients diagnosed with C3 glomerulopathy (n=81) or dense deposit disease (n=16) between January 1995 and March 2018 were enrolled. Multivariable and propensity score matching analyses were used to evaluate the association of clinical and genetic factors with response to treatment with corticosteroids and MMF as measured by proportion of patients with disease remission and kidney survival (status free of kidney failure). RESULTS The study group comprised 97 patients (84% C3 glomerulopathy, 16% dense deposit disease). Forty-two patients were treated with corticosteroids plus MMF, and this treatment was associated with a higher rate of remission and lower probability of kidney failure (79% and 14%, respectively) compared with patients treated with other immunosuppressives (24% and 59%, respectively), or ecluzimab (33% and 67%, respectively), or conservative management (18% and 65%, respectively). The therapeutic superiority of corticosteroids plus MMF was observed both in patients with complement abnormalities and with autoantibodies. However, patients with pathogenic variants in complement genes only achieved partial remission, whereas complete remissions were common among patients with autoantibody-mediated forms. The main determinant of no remission was baseline proteinuria. Relapses occurred after treatment discontinuation in 33% of the patients who had achieved remission with corticosteroids plus MMF, and a longer treatment length of MMF was associated with a lower risk of relapse. CONCLUSIONS The beneficial response to corticosteroids plus MMF treatment in C3 glomerulopathy appears independent of the pathogenic drivers analyzed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaca-Fontán
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Lucientes
- Department of Immunology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Cavero
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Cabello
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gema Ariceta
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis F Quintana
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona,Centro de Referencia en Enfermedad Glomerular Compleja del Sistema Nacional de Salud (CSUR); Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Marco
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xoana Barros
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Josep Trueta, Gerona, Spain
| | - Natalia Ramos
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Cruz
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
| | - Gema Fernández-Juárez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Rodríguez
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez de José
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rabasco
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raquel Rodado
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Loreto Fernández
- Department of Nephrology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Vanessa Pérez Gómez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Ávila
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Bravo
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier Lumbreras
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Natalia Allende
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Eva Rodríguez
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Olea
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Melgosa
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Huerta
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Miquel
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carmen Mon
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Fraga
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto de Lorenzo
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliana Draibe
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cano-Megías
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fayna González
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Doctor Negrín, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Amir Shabaka
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Martín-Penagos
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Iara Da Silva
- Department of Nephrology, Fundación Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana Alonso Titos
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
| | - Santiago Rodríguez de Córdoba
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Goicoechea de Jorge
- Department of Nephrology, Fundación Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Praga
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain .,Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Michels MAHM, van de Kar NCAJ, van den Bos RM, van der Velden TJAM, van Kraaij SAW, Sarlea SA, Gracchi V, Oosterveld MJS, Volokhina EB, van den Heuvel LPWJ. Novel Assays to Distinguish Between Properdin-Dependent and Properdin-Independent C3 Nephritic Factors Provide Insight Into Properdin-Inhibiting Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1350. [PMID: 31263464 PMCID: PMC6590259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is an umbrella classification for severe renal diseases characterized by predominant staining for complement component C3 in the glomeruli. The disease is caused by a dysregulation of the alternative pathway (AP) of the complement system. In more than half of C3G patients C3 nephritic factors (C3NeFs) are found. These autoantibodies bind to the AP C3 convertase, prolonging its activity. C3NeFs can be dependent or independent of the complement regulator properdin for their convertase-stabilizing function. However, studies to determine the properdin-dependency of C3NeFs are rare and not part of routine patient workup. Until recently, only supportive treatments for C3G were available. Complement-directed therapies are now being investigated. We hypothesized that patients with properdin-dependent C3NeFs may benefit from properdin-inhibiting therapy to normalize convertase activity. Therefore, in this study we validated two methods to distinguish between properdin-dependent and properdin-independent C3NeFs. These methods are hemolytic assays for measuring convertase activity and stability in absence of properdin. The first assay assesses convertase stabilization by patient immunoglobulins in properdin-depleted serum. The second assay measures convertase stabilization directly in patient serum supplemented with the properdin-blocking agent Salp20. Blood samples from 13 C3NeF-positive C3G patients were tested. Three patients were found to have properdin-dependent C3NeFs, whereas the C3NeF activity of the other ten patients was independent of properdin. The convertase-stabilizing activity in the samples of the patients with properdin-dependent C3NeFs disappeared in absence of properdin. These data indicate that inhibition of properdin in patients with properdin-dependent C3NeFs can normalize convertase activity and could represent a novel therapy for normalizing AP hyperactivity. Our assays provide a tool for identifying C3G patients who may benefit from properdin-inhibiting therapy and can be incorporated into standard C3G laboratory investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes A H M Michels
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nicole C A J van de Kar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ramon M van den Bos
- Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thea J A M van der Velden
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sanne A W van Kraaij
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sebastian A Sarlea
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Valentina Gracchi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Michiel J S Oosterveld
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena B Volokhina
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Lambertus P W J van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics/Pediatric Nephrology and Department of Development and Regeneration, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Defendi F, Malvezzi P, Eskandary F, Cesbron JY, Rostaing L, Böhmig GA, Dumestre-Pérard C. Effects of immunoadsorption combined with membrane filtration on complement markers - results of a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Transpl Int 2019; 32:876-883. [PMID: 30901502 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The complement system has been implicated in several kidney diseases, such as antibody-mediated rejection after kidney transplantation. Antibody-depletion techniques allow successful ABO- and/or HLA-incompatible transplantation. Considering the IgG removal, the use of semi-selective immunoadsorption (IA) has been advocated. However, because of results on incomplete IgM depletion, the adjunctive use of membrane filtration (MF) has been proposed to enhance the removal of macromolecules and to interfere with complement activation. This secondary endpoint analysis of a recently published randomized, controlled, cross-over trial was designed to investigate the effect of combined treatment IA + MF compared to IA alone on complement depletion. Two treatment sequences, a single session of IA + MF followed by IA (and vice versa), were analyzed with regard to C5b-9, properdin, and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) levels. Neither IA alone nor IA + MF provoked complement activation as demonstrated by stable low levels of C5b-9 after the procedure as compared to the previous. The combined treatment substantially lowered properdin (77% vs. 26% reduction, P < 0.0001) as well as MBL concentrations (81% vs. 11% reduction, P < 0.0001). Recovery of properdin and MBL levels appears to be longer after IA alone compared to IA + MF. Depletion of properdin and MBL levels may have potential clinical implications in the setting of kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Defendi
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Paolo Malvezzi
- Service de Néphrologie, Hémodialyse, Aphérèses et Transplantation Rénale, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Farsad Eskandary
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jean-Yves Cesbron
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,BNI TIMC-IMAG, UMR5525, CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Rostaing
- Service de Néphrologie, Hémodialyse, Aphérèses et Transplantation Rénale, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Georg A Böhmig
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chantal Dumestre-Pérard
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.,BNI TIMC-IMAG, UMR5525, CNRS-Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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16
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Smith-Jackson K, Marchbank KJ. Targeting properdin in the treatment of atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: better than eculizumab? ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:S62. [PMID: 30613637 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.10.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Smith-Jackson
- NRCTC and Newcastle University, The medical school, Farmington place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Kevin J Marchbank
- NRCTC and Newcastle University, The medical school, Farmington place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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