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Capblancq T, Sękiewicz K, Dering M. Forest genomics in the Caucasus through the lens of its dominant tree species - Fagus orientalis. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17475. [PMID: 39021282 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The last glacial period is known to have greatly influenced the demographic history of temperate forest trees, with important range contractions and post-glacial expansions that led to the formation of multiple genetic lineages and secondary contact zones in the Northern Hemisphere. These dynamics have been extensively studied for European and North American species but are still poorly understood in other temperate regions of rich biodiversity such as the Caucasus. Our study helps filling that gap by deciphering the genomic landscapes of F. orientalis across the South Caucasus. The use of genome-wide data confirmed a past demographic history strongly influenced by the Last Glacial Maximum, revealing two disjunct glacial refugia in the Colchis and Hyrcanian regions. The resulting patterns of genetic diversity, load and differentiation are not always concordant across the region, with genetic load pinpointing the location of the glacial refugia more efficiently than genetic diversity alone. The Hyrcanian forests show depleted genetic diversity and substantial isolation, even if long-distance gene flow is still present with the main centre of diversity in the Greater Caucasus. Finally, we characterize a strong heterogeneity of genetic diversity and differentiation along the species chromosomes, with noticeably a first chromosome showing low diversity and weak differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Capblancq
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Monika Dering
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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2
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Alarcón M, Rodríguez-Solà R, Casas-Castillo MC, Molero F, Salvador P, Periago C, Belmonte J. Influence of synoptic meteorology on airborne allergenic pollen and spores in an urban environment in Northeastern Iberian Peninsula. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165337. [PMID: 37414168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the most frequent patterns of synoptic circulation on the dynamics of airborne pollen/spores recorded at the Barcelona Aerobiological Station (BCN) was analysed. Six pollen types (Platanus, Cupressaceae, Olea, Poaceae, Urticaceae and Amaranthaceae), and one fungal spore (Alternaria) were selected for their high allergenic effect in sensitive people. Six synoptic meteorological patterns were identified through cluster analysis of sea level pressure fields as the main responsible of the weather conditions in the Iberian Peninsula. The local meteorological conditions in Barcelona associated with each one of the synoptic types were also stablished. Different statistical methods were applied to analyse possible relationships between concentrations and timing of the recorded aerobiological particles and specific synoptic types. The study, focused in the 19-year period 2001-2019, shows that one of the scenarios, frequent in winter and linked to high stability and air-mass blockage, registered the highest mean and median values for Platanus and Cupressaceae, but it was not very relevant for the other taxa. It was also this scenario that turned out to be the most influent on the pollination timing showing a significant influence on the start occurrence of Urticaceae flowering and on the peak date of Platanus. On the other hand, the most frequent synoptic type in the period, relevant in spring and summer, was linked to sporadic episodes of levels considered to be of high risk of allergy to Platanus, Poaceae, and Urticaceae pollen, and Alternaria fungal spore. This synoptic pattern, characterized by the presence of the Azores anticyclone and the Atlantic low located in the north of the United Kingdom, was associated with high temperatures, low relative humidity and moderate winds from the NW in Barcelona. The identification of an interaction between synoptic meteorology and pollen/spore dynamics will allow better abatement measures, reducing adverse health effects on sensitive population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alarcón
- Departament de Física, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raül Rodríguez-Solà
- Departament de Física, ETSEIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Casas-Castillo
- Departament de Física, ESEIAAT, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, Colom 1, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.
| | - Francisco Molero
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pedro Salvador
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Periago
- Departament de Física, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordina Belmonte
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Bellaterra, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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3
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Vélez-Pereira AM, De Linares C, Belmonte J. Aerobiological modelling II: A review of long-range transport models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157351. [PMID: 35842165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The long-range atmospheric transport models of pollen and fungal spores require four modules for their development: (i) Meteorological module: which contain the meteorological model, and it can be coupled to transport model with the same output configuration (spatio-temporal resolution), or uncoupled does not necessarily have the same output parameters. (ii) Emission module: settles the mass fluxes of bioaerosol, it can be done with a complex parameterization integrating phenological models and meteorological factors or by a simple emission factor. (iii) Sources of emission module, specifically refers to forestry/agronomy maps or, in the case of herbs and fungi, to potential geographical areas of emission. Obtaining the highest possible resolution in these maps allows establishing greater reliability in the modelling. (iv) Atmospheric transport module, with its respective established output parameters. The review and subsequent analysis presented in this article, were performed on published electronic scientific articles from 1998 to 2016. Of a total of 101 models applied found in 64 articles, 33 % performed forward modelling (using 15 different models) and 67 % made backward modelling (with three different models). The 88 % of the cases were applied to pollen (13 taxa) and 12 % to fungal spores (3 taxa). Regarding the emission module, 22 % used parametrization (four different parameters) and 10 % emission factors. The most used transport model was HYSPLIT (59 %: 56 % backward and 3 % forward) following by SILAM 10 % (all forward). Main conclusions were that the models of long-range transport of pollen and fungal spores had high technical-scientific requirements to development and that the major limitations were the establishment of the flow and the source of the emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M Vélez-Pereira
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile; Laboratorio de Investigaciones Medioambientales de Zonas Áridas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
| | | | - Jordina Belmonte
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Aznar F, Negral L, Moreno-Grau S, Elvira-Rendueles B, Costa-Gómez I, Moreno JM. Cannabis, an emerging aeroallergen in southeastern Spain (Region of Murcia). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155156. [PMID: 35421463 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the behaviour of the Cannabis taxon in the Region of Murcia, Spain, has been analysed (in the cities of Cartagena, 1993-2020; Murcia, 2010-2020; and Lorca, 2010-2020). An attempt has been made to establish the origin of Cannabis pollen in this region to determine whether it is transported locally or from long distances based on air mass origins. Cannabis is an herbaceous, normally dioecious and anemophilous plant, which produces large quantities of pollen grains. It has been widely used for fibre (hemp), bird food (hempseed), essential oils and narcotics. The origin of Cannabis pollen grains has been established by calculating back trajectories at the altitudes of: 750, 1500 and 2500 m above mean sea level (m amsl); 350, 500 and 650 m amsl; and 10, 100 and 250 m amsl, using the HYSPLIT model. Considering this data, 29 days of Cannabis pollen potentially originating in Africa were identified in Cartagena, 19 days in Murcia and 15 days in Lorca. Of the remaining days, the air mass back trajectories showed local or regional pollen origins. These were 83 days in Cartagena, 61 days in Murcia and 57 days in Lorca. The presence of Cannabis in the bioaerosol of the Region of Murcia is irregular, and it is considered a minority pollen type. However, from 2017 to 2020, concentrations increased, with a positive and significant trend of 90% in the Annual Pollen Integral. The pollen season can be defined between June and August. This increase in the concentration of Cannabis pollen grains during this period coincides with an increase in local transport, suggesting the possibility of increased Cannabis cultivation in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Aznar
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - L Negral
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - S Moreno-Grau
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - B Elvira-Rendueles
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - I Costa-Gómez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - J M Moreno
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain.
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5
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Alarcón M, Periago C, Pino D, Mazón J, Casas-Castillo MDC, Ho-Zhang JJ, De Linares C, Rodríguez-Solà R, Belmonte J. Potential contribution of distant sources to airborne Betula pollen levels in Northeastern Iberian Peninsula. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151827. [PMID: 34813812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Betula (birch) pollen is one of the most important causes of respiratory allergy in Northern and Central Europe. While birch trees are abundant in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe, they are scarce in the Mediterranean territories, especially in the Iberian Peninsula (IP), where they grow only in the northern regions and as ornamental trees in urban areas. However, the airborne birch pollen patterns in Catalonia (Northeastern IP) show abrupt high concentrations in areas with usually low local influence. The intensity of the derived health problems can be increased by outbreaks due to long-range pollen transport. The present work evaluates the different potential contributions to Catalonia from the main source regions: Pyrenees, Cantabria, and the forests of France and Central Europe. To this end, we computed the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) back trajectories of air masses associated with the main Betula pollen peaks occurring simultaneously over different Catalan monitoring stations, and we studied their provenance over a 15-year period. The Vielha aerobiological station on the northern slopes of the Central Pyrenees was used to identify the dates of the pollen season in the Pyrenean region. In order to better understand the role of the Pyrenees, which is the nearest of the four birch forested regions, we classified the pollen peaks in the other Catalan stations into three groups based on the relationship between the peak and the pollen season in the Pyrenees. Our analysis of back-trajectory residence time, combined with the associated pollen concentration, reveals that two principal routes other than the Pyrenean forest sustain the northerly fluxes that enter Catalonia and carry significant concentrations of Betula pollen. This study has also allowed quantifying the differentiated contributions of the potential source regions. In addition, the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) mesoscale model has been used to study three specific episodes. Both models, HYSPLIT and WRF, complement each other and have allowed for better understanding of the main mechanisms governing the entry of birch pollen to the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alarcón
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Periago
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pino
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Mazón
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jiang Ji Ho-Zhang
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepción De Linares
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Raül Rodríguez-Solà
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordina Belmonte
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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6
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Pfenninger M, Reuss F, Kiebler A, Schönnenbeck P, Caliendo C, Gerber S, Cocchiararo B, Reuter S, Blüthgen N, Mody K, Mishra B, Bálint M, Thines M, Feldmeyer B. Genomic basis for drought resistance in European beech forests threatened by climate change. eLife 2021; 10:e65532. [PMID: 34132196 PMCID: PMC8266386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of global climate change, Central Europe is experiencing more frequent and prolonged periods of drought. The drought years 2018 and 2019 affected European beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.) differently: even in the same stand, drought-damaged trees neighboured healthy trees, suggesting that the genotype rather than the environment was responsible for this conspicuous pattern. We used this natural experiment to study the genomic basis of drought resistance with Pool-GWAS. Contrasting the extreme phenotypes identified 106 significantly associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the genome. Most annotated genes with associated SNPs (>70%) were previously implicated in the drought reaction of plants. Non-synonymous substitutions led either to a functional amino acid exchange or premature termination. An SNP assay with 70 loci allowed predicting drought phenotype in 98.6% of a validation sample of 92 trees. Drought resistance in European beech is a moderately polygenic trait that should respond well to natural selection, selective management, and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Pfenninger
- Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute for Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity GenomicsFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Friederike Reuss
- Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Angelika Kiebler
- Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Philipp Schönnenbeck
- Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Cosima Caliendo
- Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Berardino Cocchiararo
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity GenomicsFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Conservation Genetics Section, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtGelnhausenGermany
| | - Sabrina Reuter
- Ecological Networks lab, Department of Biology, Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Ecological Networks lab, Department of Biology, Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
| | - Karsten Mody
- Ecological Networks lab, Department of Biology, Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany
- Department of Applied Ecology, Hochschule Geisenheim UniversityGeisenheimGermany
| | - Bagdevi Mishra
- Biological Archives, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Miklós Bálint
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity GenomicsFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Functional Environmental Genomics, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Agricultural Sciences, Nutritional Sciences, and Environmental Management, Universität GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Marco Thines
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity GenomicsFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Biological Archives, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Barbara Feldmeyer
- Molecular Ecology, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research CentreFrankfurt am MainGermany
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Bogdziewicz M, Hacket-Pain A, Ascoli D, Szymkowiak J. Environmental variation drives continental-scale synchrony of European beech reproduction. Ecology 2021; 102:e03384. [PMID: 33950521 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Spatial synchrony is the tendency of spatially separated populations to display similar temporal fluctuations. Synchrony affects regional ecosystem functioning, but it remains difficult to disentangle its underlying mechanisms. We leveraged regression on distance matrices and geography of synchrony to understand the processes driving synchrony of European beech masting over the European continent. Masting in beech shows distance-decay, but significant synchrony is maintained at spatial scales of up to 1,500 km. The spatial synchrony of the weather cues that drive interannual variation in reproduction also explains the regional spatial synchrony of masting. Proximity played no apparent role in influencing beech masting synchrony after controlling for synchrony in environmental variation. Synchrony of beech reproduction shows a clear biogeographical pattern, decreasing from the northwest to southeast Europe. Synchrony networks for weather cues resemble networks for beech masting, indicating that the geographical structure of weather synchrony underlies the biogeography of masting synchrony. Our results support the hypothesis that environmental factors, the Moran effect, are key drivers of spatial synchrony in beech seed production at regional scales. The geographical patterns of regional synchronization of masting have implications for regional forest production, gene flow, carbon cycling, disease dynamics, biodiversity, and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrew Hacket-Pain
- Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Jakub Szymkowiak
- Population Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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8
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Kasprzyk I, Borycka K. Alder pollen concentrations in the air during snowfall. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:1651-1658. [PMID: 31511976 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The focus of our study was airborne alder pollen because it is one of the main causes of inhalant allergies in many countries in the Northern Hemisphere. The main research setback was pollen concentrations during snowfall. Analyses from a 21-year database showed that the hourly patterns of occurrence of airborne Alnus pollen during snowfall differ. Snowfall can cause a decrease in pollen concentrations in the air that may persist for several hours. However, during the snowfall period of 2018, an increase in pollen concentrations was observed. High temperatures during the days preceding snowfall stimulate thermal currents, and pollen could become airborne. During snowfall, airborne pollen grains are supposedly washed out of the atmosphere and numerous pollen grains are deposited on the snow surface. Hypotheses about the long-distance transport of pollen have also been verified. Back-trajectory analysis has revealed that air masses from Belarus and Ukraine were transported to Rzeszow. We found that the influence of snowfall on pollen concentrations is ambiguous and individuals prone to allergies also notice symptoms on days with snowfall and temperatures below zero.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kasprzyk
- Department of Environmental Monitoring, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - K Borycka
- Department of Environmental Monitoring, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland
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9
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Bogawski P, Borycka K, Grewling Ł, Kasprzyk I. Detecting distant sources of airborne pollen for Poland: Integrating back-trajectory and dispersion modelling with a satellite-based phenology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:109-125. [PMID: 31271980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Airborne pollen might be transported over thousands of kilometres, which has important ecological, evolutionary and clinical consequences. The long-distance transport (LDT) of birch (Betula sp.) pollen has been described in detail for northern Europe. However, a comprehensive analysis of this transport from other European regions is lacking. This study focused on the post-seasonal LDT of birch pollen to Poland (central Europe), with special attention paid to determining potential source areas of pollen and describing the causal mechanism favouring LDT episodes. Pollen monitoring (1997-2016) was conducted in Poznań and Rzeszów (500 km away from each other) using volumetric traps. The LDT episodes were characterized by analysing the (1) bi-hourly backward air mass trajectories using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT); (2) sea level pressure (SLP) and 500 hPa geopotential height (z500) anomalies; and (3) patterns of the Enhanced Vegetation Index to determine the birch flowering time along the moving air mass trajectories. The potential locations of birch populations within broadleaved forests were estimated with GLOBCOVER data. Finally, the movement of pollen emitted from potential source areas was simulated using the HYSPLIT dispersion model. LDT episodes were mainly recorded in the first fortnight of May. The main source areas of pollen to Poland were western Russia, Belarus and to a lesser extent the eastern Baltic republics and the Scandinavian Peninsula. In most cases, a high-pressure centre located over Scandinavia and an elevated z500 over Germany-Denmark-Sweden favoured pollen transport. On average, the post-seasonal LDT episodes of birch pollen to Poland occur almost every year (Poznań) or every second year (Rzeszów). The episodes are highly variable in time; thus, the pollen concentration may unexpectedly cause allergy symptoms in sensitized patients. In some cases, these episodes may be extremely severe, thereby prolonging and strengthening the exposure to birch pollen allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Bogawski
- Laboratory of Biological Spatial Information, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Borycka
- Department of Environmental Monitoring, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Łukasz Grewling
- Laboratory of Aeropalynology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Idalia Kasprzyk
- Department of Environmental Monitoring, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
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10
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Qin X, Li Y, Sun X, Meng L, Wang X. Transport pathway and source area for Artemisia pollen in Beijing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:687-699. [PMID: 29236152 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia pollen is an important allergen responsible for allergic rhinitis in Beijing, China. To explore the transport pathways and source areas of Artemisia pollen, we used Burkard 7-day traps to monitor daily pollen concentrations in 2016 in an urban and suburban locality. Backward trajectories of 24- and 96-h and their cluster analysis were performed to identify transport pathways of Artemisia pollen using the HYSPLIT model on 0.5° × 0.5° GADS meteorological data. The potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) were calculated to further identify the major potential source areas at local, regional, and long-range scales. Our results showed significant differences in Artemisia pollen concentration between urban and suburban areas, attributed to differences in plant distribution and altitude of the sampling locality. Such differences arisen from both pollen emission and air mass movements, hence pollen dispersal. At local or regional scales, source area of northwestern parts of Beijing City, Hebei Province and northern and northwestern parts of Inner Mongolia influenced the major transport pathways of Artemisia pollen. Transport pathway at a long-range scale and its corresponding source area extended to northwestern parts of Mongolia. The regional-scale transport affected by wind and altitude is more profound for Artemisia pollen at the suburban than at the urban station.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiyin Li
- Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xu Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Meng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Madronich S, Björn LO, McKenzie RL. Solar UV radiation and microbial life in the atmosphere. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1918-1931. [PMID: 29978175 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Many microorganisms are alive while suspended in the atmosphere, and some seem to be metabolically active during their time there. One of the most important factors threatening their life and activity is solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Quantitative understanding of the spatial and temporal survival patterns in the atmosphere, and of the ultimate deposition of microbes to the surface, is limited by a number factors some of which are discussed here. These include consideration of appropriate spectral sensitivity functions for biological damage (e.g. inactivation), and the estimation of UV radiation impingent on a microorganism suspended in the atmosphere. We show that for several bacteria (E. coli, S. typhimurium, and P. acnes) the inactivation rates correlate well with irradiances weighted by the DNA damage spectrum in the UV-B spectral range, but when these organisms show significant UV-A (or visible) sensitivities, the correlations become clearly non-linear. The existence of these correlations enables the use of a single spectrum (here DNA damage) as a proxy for sensitivity spectra of other biological effects, but with some caution when the correlations are strongly non-linear. The radiative quantity relevant to the UV exposure of a suspended particle is the fluence rate at an altitude above ground, while down-welling irradiance at ground-level is the quantity most commonly measured or estimated in satellite-derived climatologies. Using a radiative transfer model that computes both quantities, we developed a simple parameterization to exploit the much larger irradiance data bases to estimate fluence rates, and present the first fluence-rate based climatology of DNA-damaging UV radiation in the atmosphere. The estimation of fluence rates in the presence of clouds remains a particularly challenging problem. Here we note that both reductions and enhancements in the UV radiation field are possible, depending mainly on cloud optical geometry and prevailing solar zenith angles. These complex effects need to be included in model simulations of the atmospheric life cycle of the organisms.
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12
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Beggs PJ, Šikoparija B, Smith M. Aerobiology in the International Journal of Biometeorology, 1957-2017. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2017; 61:51-58. [PMID: 28607999 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aerobiology and biometeorology are related fields. Here we provide a broad review of aerobiology articles published in the International Journal of Biometeorology (IJB) over the past 60 years. We consider how the quantity of such work has varied over this period as well as which regions and countries have been the focus of such work, and where there is a relative paucity. We then focus on a number of highlights and themes in this research, including aerobiology and climate change and aerobiological modelling and forecasting. While much of the article focusses on airborne pollen research, we also discuss the extent to which other airborne organic particles such as fungal spores and bacteria have been the focus of research published in IJB. Also considered are knowledge gaps and research needs and priorities with respect to the field of aerobiology. While the IJB has been one of the main platforms for presenting aerobiological research over recent decades, the article highlights the need for the field of aerobiology to embrace new sampling technologies such as spectral analysis and next-generation sequencing to identify and quantify airborne biological particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Beggs
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Branko Šikoparija
- BioSense Institute, Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Matt Smith
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
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13
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Maya-Manzano JM, Sadyś M, Tormo-Molina R, Fernández-Rodríguez S, Oteros J, Silva-Palacios I, Gonzalo-Garijo A. Relationships between airborne pollen grains, wind direction and land cover using GIS and circular statistics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:603-613. [PMID: 28132776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Airborne bio-aerosol content (mainly pollen and spores) depends on the surrounding vegetation and weather conditions, particularly wind direction. In order to understand this issue, maps of the main land cover in influence areas of 10km in radius surrounding pollen traps were created. Atmospheric content of the most abundant 14 pollen types was analysed in relation to the predominant wind directions measured in three localities of SW of Iberian Peninsula, from March 2011 to March 2014. Three Hirst type traps were used for aerobiological monitoring. The surface area for each land cover category was calculated and wind direction analysis was approached by using circular statistics. This method could be helpful for estimating the potential risk of exposure to various pollen types. Thus, the main land cover was different for each monitoring location, being irrigated crops, pastures and hardwood forests the main categories among 11 types described. Comparison of the pollen content with the predominant winds and land cover shows that the atmospheric pollen concentration is related to some source areas identified in the inventory. The study found that some pollen types (e.g. Plantago, Fraxinus-Phillyrea, Alnus) come from local sources but other pollen types (e.g. Quercus) are mostly coming from longer distances. As main conclusions, airborne particle concentrations can be effectively split by addressing wind with circular statistics. By combining circular statistics and GIS method with aerobiological data, we have created a useful tool for understanding pollen origin. Some pollen loads can be explained by immediate surrounding landscape and observed wind patterns for most of the time. However, other factors like medium or long-distance transport or even pollen trap location within a city, may occasionally affect the pollen load recorded using an air sampler.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Maya-Manzano
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain..
| | - M Sadyś
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, AL5 2JQ Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - R Tormo-Molina
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - J Oteros
- Centre of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - I Silva-Palacios
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - A Gonzalo-Garijo
- Allergy Section, Infanta Cristina University Hospital, 06080 Badajoz, Spain
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14
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Izquierdo R, Alarcón M, Mazón J, Pino D, De Linares C, Aguinagalde X, Belmonte J. Are the Pyrenees a barrier for the transport of birch (Betula) pollen from Central Europe to the Iberian Peninsula? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1183-1196. [PMID: 27707665 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work provides a first assessment of the possible barrier effect of the Pyrenees on the atmospheric transport of airborne pollen from Europe to the North of the Iberian Peninsula. Aerobiological data recorded in three Spanish stations located at the eastern, central and western base of the Pyrenees in the period 2004-2014 have been used to identify the possible long range transport episodes of Betula pollen. The atmospheric transport routes and the origin regions have been established by means of trajectory analysis and a source receptor model. Betula pollen outbreaks were associated with the meteorological scenario characterized by the presence of a high-pressure system overm over Morocco and Southern Iberian Peninsula. France and Central Europe have been identified as the probable source areas of Betula pollen that arrives to Northern Spain. However, the specific source areas are mainly determined by the particular prevailing atmospheric circulation of each location. Finally, the Weather Research and Forecasting model highlighted the effect of the orography on the atmospheric transport patterns, showing paths through the western and easternmost lowlands for Vitoria-Gasteiz and Bellaterra respectively, and the direct impact of air flows over Vielha through the Garona valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Izquierdo
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Avda. Eduard Maristany 10-14. 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Alarcón
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Avda. Eduard Maristany 10-14. 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Mazón
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Avda. Eduard Maristany 10-14. 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pino
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Avda. Eduard Maristany 10-14. 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC-UPC), Gran Capità 2-4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Concepción De Linares
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici C, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici Z, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xabier Aguinagalde
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública. Dirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones. Departamento de Salud del Gobierno Vasco, c/Santiago 11, 01008 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jordina Belmonte
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici C, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Edifici Z, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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15
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Grewling Ł, Bogawski P, Jenerowicz D, Czarnecka-Operacz M, Šikoparija B, Skjøth CA, Smith M. Mesoscale atmospheric transport of ragweed pollen allergens from infected to uninfected areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2016; 60:1493-1500. [PMID: 26842368 PMCID: PMC5050238 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Allergenic ragweed (Ambrosia spp.) pollen grains, after being released from anthers, can be dispersed by air masses far from their source. However, the action of air temperature, humidity and solar radiation on pollen grains in the atmosphere could impact on the ability of long distance transported (LDT) pollen to maintain allergenic potency. Here, we report that the major allergen of Ambrosia artemisiifolia pollen (Amb a 1) collected in ambient air during episodes of LDT still have immunoreactive properties. The amount of Amb a 1 found in LDT ragweed pollen grains was not constant and varied between episodes. In addition to allergens in pollen sized particles, we detected reactive Amb a 1 in subpollen sized respirable particles. These findings suggest that ragweed pollen grains have the potential to cause allergic reactions, not only in the heavily infested areas but, due to LDT episodes, also in the regions unaffected by ragweed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ł Grewling
- Laboratory of Aeropalynology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - P Bogawski
- Laboratory of Aeropalynology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Climatology, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Dzięgielowa 27, 61-680, Poznań, Poland
| | - D Jenerowicz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Medical Science, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznań, Poland
| | - M Czarnecka-Operacz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Medical Science, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355, Poznań, Poland
| | - B Šikoparija
- Laboratory for Palynology, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
- BioSense Institute - Institute for Research and Development of Information Technology in Biosystems, Novi Sad, UK
| | - C A Skjøth
- National Pollen and Aerobiological Research Unit, Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, WR2 6AJ, Worcester, UK
| | - M Smith
- Laboratory of Aeropalynology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Henwick Grove, WR2 6AJ, Worcester, UK
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16
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Szczepanek K, Myszkowska D, Worobiec E, Piotrowicz K, Ziemianin M, Bielec-Bąkowska Z. The long-range transport of Pinaceae pollen: an example in Kraków (southern Poland). AEROBIOLOGIA 2016; 33:109-125. [PMID: 28255195 PMCID: PMC5309276 DOI: 10.1007/s10453-016-9454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
High Pinaceae pollen concentrations in the air and on the surface of puddles before the main pollen season started were observed in Kraków (southern Poland) in May 2013. The paper presents the results of detailed studies of the composition and source of the "yellow rain" in 2013, and as a comparison, the Pinaceae pollen concentrations and samples collected from the ground surface in 2014 were considered. The air samples were collected using the volumetric method (Hirst-type device), while pollen grains sampled from the ground surface were processed using a modified Erdtman acetolysis method. Finally, all samples were studied using a light microscope. In 2013, the period of higher Abies, Picea and Pinus pollen concentrations was observed from the 5 to 12 of May, earlier than the main pollen season occurred. The presence of rainfall on the 12 and 13 of May 2013 caused the pollen deposition on the ground surface, where the prevalence of Pinaceae pollen was found. The synoptic situation and the analysis of the back-trajectories and air mass advection at the beginning of May 2013 indicated that Pinaceae pollen grains could have been transported from Ukraine, Romania, Hungary and Slovakia. In contrast, Pinaceae pollen grains deposited on the ground surface as a "yellow" film in May 2014, originated from local sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Myszkowska
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Worobiec
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowicz
- Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Ziemianin
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract
Airborne dispersal of microalgae has largely been a blind spot in environmental biological studies because of their low concentration in the atmosphere and the technical limitations in investigating microalgae from air samples. Recent studies show that airborne microalgae can survive air transportation and interact with the environment, possibly influencing their deposition rates. This minireview presents a summary of these studies and traces the possible route, step by step, from established ecosystems to new habitats through air transportation over a variety of geographic scales. Emission, transportation, deposition, and adaptation to atmospheric stress are discussed, as well as the consequences of their dispersal on health and the environment and state-of-the-art techniques to detect and model airborne microalga dispersal. More-detailed studies on the microalga atmospheric cycle, including, for instance, ice nucleation activity and transport simulations, are crucial for improving our understanding of microalga ecology, identifying microalga interactions with the environment, and preventing unwanted contamination events or invasions.
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18
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Izquierdo R, Alarcon M, Periago C, Belmonte J. Is long range transport of pollen in the NW Mediterranean basin influenced by Northern Hemisphere teleconnection patterns? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 532:771-779. [PMID: 26125408 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Climatic oscillations triggered by the atmospheric modes of the Northern Hemisphere teleconnection patterns have an important influence on the atmospheric circulation at synoptic scale in Western Mediterranean Basin. Simultaneously, this climate variability could affect a variety of ecological processes. This work provides a first assessment of the effect of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO) on the atmospheric long-range pollen transport episodes in the North-Eastern Iberian Peninsula for the period 1994-2011. Alnus, Ambrosia, Betula, Corylus and Fagus have been selected as allergenic pollen taxa with potential long-range transport associated to the Northern Hemisphere teleconnection patterns in the Western Mediterranean Basin. The results showed an increase of long range pollen transport episodes of: (1) Alnus, Corylus and Fagus from Western and Central Europe during the negative phase of annual NAO and AO; (2) Ambrosia, Betula and Fagus from Europe during the negative phase of winter WeMO; (3) Corylus and Fagus from Mediterranean area during the positive phase of the annual AO; and (4) Ambrosia from France and Northern Europe during the positive phase of winter WeMO. Conversely, the positive phase of annual NAO and AO are linked with the regional transport of Alnus, Betula and Corylus from Western Iberian Peninsula. The positive phase of annual WeMO was also positively correlated with regional transport of Corylus from this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Izquierdo
- Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Urgell 187, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Alarcon
- Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Urgell 187, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Periago
- Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Urgell 187, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordina Belmonte
- Institut de Ciencia i Tecnología Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). Edifici C, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB). Edifici C, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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19
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Rojo J, Pérez-Badia R. Spatiotemporal analysis of olive flowering using geostatistical techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:860-869. [PMID: 25461089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of flowering patterns in the olive (Olea europaea L.) are of considerable agricultural and ecological interest, and also provide valuable information for allergy-sufferers, enabling identification of the major sources of airborne pollen at any given moment by interpreting the aerobiological data recorded in pollen traps. The present spatiotemporal analysis of olive flowering in central Spain combined geostatistical techniques with the application of a Geographic Information Systems, and compared results for flowering intensity with airborne pollen records. The results were used to obtain continuous phenological maps which determined the pattern of the succession of the olive flowering. The results show also that, although the highest airborne olive-pollen counts were recorded during the greatest flowering intensity of the groves closest to the pollen trap, the counts recorded at the start of the pollen season were not linked to local olive groves, which had not yet begin to flower. To detect the remote sources of olive pollen several episodes of pollen recorded before the local flowering season were analysed using a HYSPLIT trajectory model and the findings showed that western, southern and southwestern winds transported pollen grains into the study area from earlier-flowering groves located outside the territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rojo
- Area of Botany, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Rosa Pérez-Badia
- Area of Botany, Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain.
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20
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Fernández-Rodríguez S, Skjøth CA, Tormo-Molina R, Brandao R, Caeiro E, Silva-Palacios I, Gonzalo-Garijo A, Smith M. Identification of potential sources of airborne Olea pollen in the Southwest Iberian Peninsula. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2014; 58:337-48. [PMID: 23334443 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-012-0629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the potential origin of Olea pollen recorded in Badajoz in the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula during 2009-2011. This was achieved using a combination of daily average and diurnal (hourly) airborne Olea pollen counts recorded at Badajoz (south-western Spain) and Évora (south-eastern Portugal), an inventory of olive groves in the studied area and air mass trajectory calculations computed using the HYSPLIT model. Examining olive pollen episodes at Badajoz that had distinctly different diurnal cycles in olive pollen in relation to the mean, allowed us to identify three different scenarios where olive pollen can be transported to the city from either distant or nearby sources during conditions with slow air mass movements. Back trajectory analysis showed that olive pollen can be transported to Badajoz from the West on prevailing winds, either directly or on slow moving air masses, and from high densities of olive groves situated to the Southeast (e.g. Andalucía). Regional scale transport of olive pollen can result in increased nighttime concentrations of this important aeroallergen. This could be particularly important in Mediterranean countries where people can be outdoors during this time due to climate and lifestyle. Such studies that examine sources and the atmospheric transport of pollen are valuable for allergy sufferers and health care professionals because the information can be incorporated into forecasts, the outputs of which are used for avoiding exposure to aeroallergens and planning medication. The results of studies of this nature can also be used for examining gene flow in this important agricultural crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06071, Badajoz, Spain,
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21
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Gauzere J, Klein EK, Oddou-Muratorio S. Ecological determinants of mating system within and between three Fagus sylvatica populations along an elevational gradient. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5001-15. [PMID: 23952125 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies addressing the variation of mating system between plant populations rarely account for the variability of these parameters between individuals within populations, although this variability is often non-negligible. Here, we propose a new direct method based on paternity analyses (Mixed Effect Mating Model) to estimate individual migration (mi ) and selfing rates (si ) together with the pollen dispersal kernel. Using this method and the KINDIST approach, we investigated the variation of mating system parameters within and between three populations of Fagus sylvatica along an elevational gradient. Among the mother trees, si varied from 0% to 48%, mi varied from 12% to 86% and the effective number of pollen donors (Nepi ) varied from 2 to 364. The mating patterns differed along the gradient, the top population showing higher m and lower s, and a trend to higher Nep than the bottom populations. The phenological lag shaped long-distance pollen flow both within population (by increasing mi at mother-tree level) and between populations (by increasing m at high elevation). Rather than the mate density, the canopy density was detected as a major mating system determinant within population; it acted as a barrier to pollen flow, decreasing the proportion of long-distance pollen flow and increasing si . Overall, the effects of ecological factors on mating system were not the same within vs. between populations across the gradient, and these factors also differed from those traditionally found to shape variation at range-wide scale, highlighting the interest of multiscale approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Gauzere
- INRA, UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), F-84914, Avignon, France; INRA, UR546 Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), F-84914, Avignon, France
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22
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Prtenjak MT, Srnec L, Peternel R, Madžarević V, Hrga I, Stjepanović B. Atmospheric conditions during high ragweed pollen concentrations in Zagreb, Croatia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2012; 56:1145-1158. [PMID: 22410823 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-012-0520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examined the atmospheric conditions favourable to the occurrence of maximum concentrations of ragweed pollen with an extremely high risk of producing allergy. Over the 2002-2009 period, daily pollen data collected in Zagreb were used to identify two periods of high pollen concentration (> 600 grains/m(3)) for our analysis: period A (3-4 September 2002) and period B (6-7 September 2003). Synoptic conditions in both periods were very similar: Croatia was under the influence of a lower sector high pressure system moving slowly eastward over Eastern Europe. During the 2002-2009 period, this type of weather pattern (on ~ 70% of days), in conjunction with almost non-gradient surface pressure conditions in the area (on ~ 30% of days) characterised days when the daily pollen concentrations were higher than 400 grains/m(3). Numerical experiments using a mesoscale model at fine resolution showed successful multi-day simulations reproducing the local topographic influence on wind flow and in reasonable agreement with available observations. According to the model, the relatively weak synoptic flow (predominantly from the eastern direction) allowed local thermal circulations to develop over Zagreb during both high pollen episodes. Two-hour pollen concentrations and 48-h back-trajectories indicated that regional-range transport of pollen grains from the central Pannonian Plain was the cause of the high pollen concentrations during period A. During period B, the north-westward regional-range transport in Zagreb was supplemented significantly by pronounced horizontal recirculation of pollen grains. This recirculation happened within the diurnal local circulation over the city, causing a late-evening increase in pollen concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Telišman Prtenjak
- Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute, Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 95, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Piotti A, Leonardi S, Buiteveld J, Geburek T, Gerber S, Kramer K, Vettori C, Vendramin GG. Comparison of pollen gene flow among four European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations characterized by different management regimes. Heredity (Edinb) 2012; 108:322-31. [PMID: 21897442 PMCID: PMC3282401 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2011.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the dispersal capability of a species can provide essential information for the management and conservation of its genetic variability. Comparison of gene flow rates among populations characterized by different management and evolutionary histories allows one to decipher the role of factors such as isolation and tree density on gene movements. We used two paternity analysis approaches and different strategies to handle the possible presence of genotyping errors to obtain robust estimates of pollen flow in four European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations from Austria and France. In each country one of the two plots is located in an unmanaged forest; the other plots are managed with a shelterwood system and inside a colonization area (in Austria and France, respectively). The two paternity analysis approaches provided almost identical estimates of gene flow. In general, we found high pollen immigration (~75% of pollen from outside), with the exception of the plot from a highly isolated forest remnant (~50%). In the two unmanaged plots, the average within-population pollen dispersal distances (from 80 to 184 m) were higher than previously estimated for beech. From the comparison between the Austrian managed and unmanaged plots, that are only 500 m apart, we found no evidence that either gene flow or reproductive success distributions were significantly altered by forest management. The investigated phenotypic traits (crown area, height, diameter and flowering phenology) were not significantly related with male reproductive success. Shelterwood seems to have an effect on the distribution of within-population pollen dispersal distances. In the managed plot, pollen dispersal distances were shorter, possibly because adult tree density is three-fold (163 versus 57 trees per hectare) with respect to the unmanaged one.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Piotti
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - S Leonardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - J Buiteveld
- Alterra, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - T Geburek
- Federal Research Centre for Forests, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Gerber
- INRA, UMR 1202 Biogeco, Cestas, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1202 Biogeco, Cestas, France
| | - K Kramer
- Alterra, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Vettori
- Plant Genetics Institute, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - G G Vendramin
- Plant Genetics Institute, CNR, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Izquierdo R, Belmonte J, Avila A, Alarcón M, Cuevas E, Alonso-Pérez S. Source areas and long-range transport of pollen from continental land to Tenerife (Canary Islands). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2011; 55:67-85. [PMID: 20333410 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-010-0309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Canary Islands, due to their geographical position, constitute an adequate site for the study of long-range pollen transport from the surrounding land masses. In this study, we analyzed airborne pollen counts at two sites: Santa Cruz de Tenerife (SCO), at sea level corresponding to the marine boundary layer (MBL), and Izaña at 2,367 m.a.s.l. corresponding to the free troposphere (FT), for the years 2006 and 2007. We used three approaches to describe pollen transport: (1) a classification of provenances with an ANOVA test to describe pollen count differences between sectors; (2) a study of special events of high pollen concentrations, taking into consideration the corresponding meteorological synoptic pattern responsible for transport and back trajectories; and (3) a source-receptor model applied to a selection of the pollen taxa to show pollen source areas. Our results indicate several extra-regional pollen transport episodes to Tenerife. The main provenances were: (1) the Mediterranean region, especially the southern Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, through the trade winds in the MBL. These episodes were characterized by the presence of pollen from trees (Casuarina, Olea, Quercus perennial and deciduous types) mixed with pollen from herbs (Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae and Poaceae wild type). (2) The Saharan sector, through transport at the MBL level carrying pollen principally from herbs (Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae wild type) and, in one case, Casuarina pollen, uplifted to the free troposphere. And (3) the Sahel, characterized by low pollen concentrations of Arecaceae, Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae wild type in sporadic episodes. This research shows that sporadic events of long-range pollen transport need to be taken into consideration in Tenerife as possible responsible agents in respiratory allergy episodes. In particular, it is estimated that 89-97% of annual counts of the highly allergenous Olea originates from extra-regional sources in southern Iberia and northern Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Izquierdo
- CREAF, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Jin HJ, Kim JE, Kim JH, Park HS. Impacts of climate change on aeroallergens. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2011. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2011.54.2.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Jin
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kim
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Cecchi L, D'Amato G, Ayres JG, Galan C, Forastiere F, Forsberg B, Gerritsen J, Nunes C, Behrendt H, Akdis C, Dahl R, Annesi-Maesano I. Projections of the effects of climate change on allergic asthma: the contribution of aerobiology. Allergy 2010; 65:1073-81. [PMID: 20560904 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is unequivocal and represents a possible threat for patients affected by allergic conditions. It has already had an impact on living organisms, including plants and fungi with current scenarios projecting further effects by the end of the century. Over the last three decades, studies have shown changes in production, dispersion and allergen content of pollen and spores, which may be region- and species-specific. In addition, these changes may have been influenced by urban air pollutants interacting directly with pollen. Data suggest an increasing effect of aeroallergens on allergic patients over this period, which may also imply a greater likelihood of the development of an allergic respiratory disease in sensitized subjects and exacerbation of symptomatic patients. There are a number of limitations that make predictions uncertain, and further and specifically designed studies are needed to clarify current effects and future scenarios. We recommend: More stress on pollen/spore exposure in the diagnosis and treatment guidelines of respiratory and allergic diseases; collection of aerobiological data in a structured way at the European level; creation, promotion and support of multidisciplinary research teams in this area; lobbying the European Union and other funders to finance this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cecchi
- Interdepartmental Centre of Bioclimatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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Reid CE, Gamble JL. Aeroallergens, allergic disease, and climate change: impacts and adaptation. ECOHEALTH 2009; 6:458-70. [PMID: 19908096 PMCID: PMC2880235 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-009-0261-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that there are many effects of climate change on aeroallergens and thus allergic diseases in humans. Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration acts as a fertilizer for plant growth. The fertilizing effects of carbon dioxide, as well as increased temperatures from climate change, increase pollen production and the allergen content of pollen grains. In addition, higher temperatures are changing the timing and duration of the pollen season. As regional climates change, plants can move into new areas and changes in atmospheric circulation can blow pollen- and spore-containing dust to new areas, thus introducing people to allergens to which they have not been exposed previously. Climate change also influences the concentrations of airborne pollutants, which alone, and in conjunction with aeroallergens, can exacerbate asthma or other respiratory illnesses. The few epidemiological analyses of meteorological factors, aeroallergens, and allergic diseases demonstrate the pathways through which climate can exert its influence on aeroallergens and allergic diseases. In addition to the need for more research, there is the imperative to take preventive and adaptive actions to address the onset and exacerbation of allergic diseases associated with climate variability and change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E. Reid
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Janet L. Gamble
- Global Change Research Program, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW (MC 8601P), Washington, DC 20460 USA
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