1
|
Aragona F, Arfuso F, Fazio F, De Caro S, Giudice E, Monteverde V, Piccione G, Giannetto C. Circadian Variation of Peripheral Blood Cells in Horses Maintained in Different Environmental and Management Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1865. [PMID: 37889772 PMCID: PMC10251899 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to analyze circadian rhythm of the hematological profile of horses housed in a loose box and paddock during the different seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter). Blood samples were performed every 4 h for 48 consecutive hours. Red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), white blood cells (WBCs), platelets (PLTs), and leukocyte subpopulations (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes) were analyzed, and, at the same time, environmental conditions were recorded. A statistically significant effect of housing conditions (p < 0.0001) was observed on all hematological values except for WBC during winter and for neutrophils (p < 0.0001) during spring and autumn. A statistically significant effect of season (p < 0.0001) was found for RBC, HCT, and PLT and for all leukocyte cells (p < 0.0001) except for basophils. The single Cosinor method revealed a daily rhythm of hematological parameters during spring in both groups, and a daily rhythm for lymphocytes and neutrophils was observed during spring and summer in horses kept in a loose box and during winter in horses housed in a paddock. Our results revealed that the response of the immune system is regulated by circadian physiology. Knowledge of the periodic temporal structure of mammals should be considered when evaluating animals' adaptation to temporizations imposed by the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.A.); (F.A.); (F.F.); (E.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.A.); (F.A.); (F.F.); (E.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.A.); (F.A.); (F.F.); (E.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Salvatore De Caro
- Department of Engineering, University of Messina, C/Da Di Dio (S. Agata), 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Giudice
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.A.); (F.A.); (F.F.); (E.G.); (G.P.)
| | | | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.A.); (F.A.); (F.F.); (E.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Claudia Giannetto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (F.A.); (F.A.); (F.F.); (E.G.); (G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hematological and Biochemical Responses of Donkeys (Equus asinus) to Packing and Trekking During the Hot-Dry Season. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 122:104203. [PMID: 36586520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate effects of packing (load-carrying) and trekking on hematological and biochemical parameters in donkeys during the hot-dry season. Ten pack donkeys, aged 2-3 years, weighing 93 ± 2.7 kg were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups of five animals each. Group 1 donkeys were subjected to packing + trekking while group 2 trekked only. All the donkeys trekked 20 km thrice, 1-day apart. Blood was collected before and after packing or trekking for hematological evaluation; and serum analyzed for electrolyte concentrations, and aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Temperature-humidity index pre and postpacking was 70.00 ± 0.1 and 79.67 ± 0.3, respectively. The packed cell volume (30.93 ± 1.1%) was higher (P < .05) before packing than postpacking value (27.83 ± 0.7%) in group 1 donkeys. Hemoglobin concentration (9.01 ± 0.3 g/dL) decreased (P < .05) after trekking (7.81 ± 0.1 g/dL) in group 2 donkeys. Neutrophil count increased (P < .05) in group 1 donkeys after packing (from 8.63 ± 0.9 × 109/L to 10.59 ± 1.2 × 109/L). Lymphocyte count (8.58 ± 0.8 × 109/L) decreased (P < .05), compared to postpacking (5.23 ± 0.5 × 109/L) in group 1 donkeys. Postpacking neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in group 1 donkeys (2.33 ± 0.4) was higher (P < .05) than in group 2 donkeys (1.31 ± 0.3). Electrolyte concentrations and enzyme activities did not change significantly. In conclusion, packing + trekking was more stressful to the donkeys than trekking only, evidenced by postpacking increased neutrophil count, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and phosphate ion concentration, but decreased lymphocyte count. If this stress is not mitigated, the performance of pack donkeys during hot-dry season may not be optimum.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ake AS, Ayo JO, Aluwong T, Mohammed A. Effects of melatonin on hematologic and biochemical changes, and the effects on circadian rhythm on hematologic changes in donkeys (Equus asinus) subjected to packing during the hot-dry season. Vet Clin Pathol 2023. [PMID: 36781397 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a hormone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and may alleviate the effects of stress on hematologic and biochemical analytes in working donkeys that pack (load-carry). OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin administration on hematologic and biochemical responses in donkeys subjected to packing during the hot-dry season. We also examined its effects on circadian rhythms. METHODS Ten male Nubian pack donkeys with (Packing + Melatonin; P + M) and without melatonin (Packing-Melatonin; P-M) administration were included. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after (15 min), and from 16 h to over 27-h postpacking at 3-h intervals for hematologic and total protein analyses. Serum from blood samples collected before and immediately after packing was analyzed for muscle enzyme activities and electrolyte concentrations. Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, and online cosinor analysis were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Packed cell volumes (PCVs) of the P + M donkeys did not differ before and after packing. However, for the P-M donkeys, values before packing (30.20 ± 0.8%) were higher than those (26.87 ± 0.5%) after packing. The hematologic values recorded in the P + M donkeys were higher than those in the P-M donkeys, especially during the scotophase (P ˂ 0.05). The mesor PCV, hemoglobin (Hb), and red blood cell (RBC) values for the P + M donkeys were significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher than those in the P-M donkeys. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was not different before (289.40 ± 60.8 U/L) or after packing (323.20 ± 36.0 U/L) in P + M donkeys, but the activity was significantly (P ˂ 0.05) higher postpacking than prepacking in the P-M donkeys (294.20 ± 66.9 U/L and 513.40 ± 68.5 U/L, respectively). The relationships between the meteorologic parameters and PCV, Hb, and RBC concentrations in the P + M donkeys were significantly negative (P ˂ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Melatonin prevented a decrease in PCV and increase in LDH activity immediately after packing compared with non-treated donkeys. There was a marked effect during the scotophase on PCV, Hb, and RBC concentrations. The circadian parameters indicated a significant effect of melatonin on the rhythmicity of the PCV, Hb, and RBC concentration in the treated donkeys. Melatonin administration may reduce the risk of adverse effects of environmental stress and stress due to packing in donkeys during the hot-dry season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Stephen Ake
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Olusegun Ayo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Tagang Aluwong
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Mohammed
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yue Y, Yan S, Li L, Tong M, Shi B, Zhao Y, Guo X, Guo Y. Comparative analysis of haematological, biochemical and nutritional parameters of Dezhou donkey with healthy and weak foals ( Equus asinus). ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2097454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxi Yue
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Sumei Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Li Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Manman Tong
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Binlin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Yongmei Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zakari FO, Ayo JO, Rekwot PI, Samuel FU. Daytime Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Behavioural Parameters of Donkeys (Equus asinus) During The Hot-Dry and Cold-Dry (Harmattan) Season in a Tropical Savannah. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2021; 25:256-274. [PMID: 33856940 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.1894146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate oxidative stress and behavioural responses of donkeys during the cold-dry and hot-dry seasons. Thirty donkeys divided into three groups of ten donkeys each according to their age served as experimental subjects. During each season, behavioural and blood parameters of the donkeys were evaluated three times with an interval of one week at 06:00 h, 12:00 h and 18:00 h (GMT+1). During the hot-dry season, the peak dry-bulb temperature (DBT) value of 36.00 ± 1.00°C was recorded at 12:00 h, indicating that the season induced heat stress. The time spent feeding demonstrated diurnal fluctuations in adult, yearling and foal donkeys, with the highest time occurring at 12:00 h in both seasons. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in adults (2.34 ± 0.14 nMol/L), yearlings (2.28 ± 0.19 nMol/L) and foals (3.48 ± 0.17 nMol/L) during the hot-dry season were significantly (P < 0.05) higher, when compared to the corresponding values (0.96 ± 0.09, 1.18 ± 0.10 and 1.82 ± 0.10 nMol/L, respectively) recorded during the cold-dry season. At 0.3% NaCl-concentration, the percentage haemolysis obtained during the hot-dry season in adult (90.33 ± 0.49%), yearling (91.24 ± 0.88%) and foal (97.44 ± 0.24%) donkeys were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the corresponding values (78.53 ± 0.98, 78.67 ± 0.58 and 88.23 ± 0.47%, respectively), recorded during the cold-dry season. In conclusion, the hot-dry season induced heat stress in the donkeys, resulting in a decrease in time spent on feeding and oxidative stress, as evidenced by high erythrocyte MDA concentration and percentage haemolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friday Ocheja Zakari
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Joseph Olusegun Ayo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fitchett JM. Perspectives on biometeorological research on the African continent. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2021; 65:133-147. [PMID: 32997273 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-020-02020-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the first issue of the International Journal of Biometeorology in 1957, a total of 135 papers have reported on research in or of African countries. The majority of these have been on topics of animal biometeorology (36%), and the greatest proportion (24%) are situated in Nigeria. There has been a considerable increase in papers on African biometeorology since 2011, with those from this past decade accounting for 58% of all African papers in the journal. This occurs concurrent to an increase in the total number of papers published in the journal, driven by a move to the Editorial Manager system. While 66% of the papers on African biometeorology in the journal are authored by at least one person with an affiliation in the African continent, only 15 African countries are represented in the total authorship. As much of the African continent is projected to experience climatic changes exceeding the global mean, as much of the region is involved in animal and plant farming, and as seasonally-fluctuating and climatically affected diseases are common place, this low representation of work in Africa is surprising. This points to the need for greater awareness among African researchers of the discipline of biometeorology, greater involvement of African biometeorologists in International Society of Biometeorology and Commission meetings, and the inclusion of a greater number of African academics in the review process. This would be beneficial to the Society in increasing diversity and encouraging a more cosmopolitan engagement, and to the recognition of scientific development in African countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Fitchett
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Goodrich EL, Behling-Kelly E. Clinical Pathology of Donkeys and Mules. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2019; 35:433-455. [PMID: 31672198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the stoic nature of donkeys and their hybrids, it is important to consider the significance of diagnostic testing modalities that can provide objective health status information beyond the basic physical examination findings. However, clinical pathology assays are also fraught with significant limitations because the results for donkeys, mules, and hinnies can be difficult to interpret, and transference of data from the horse is not always applicable. This article presents considerations for sample collection, storage, analysis, and interpretation strategies for clinical pathology testing of donkeys and their hybrids based on the limited information available in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Goodrich
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, A1-212 AHDC, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Erica Behling-Kelly
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, S1-062 Schurman Hall, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin YM, Zhang XQ, Badgery WB, Li P, Wu JX. Effects of winter and spring housing on growth performance and blood metabolites of Pengbo semi-wool sheep in Tibet. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1630-1639. [PMID: 31010990 PMCID: PMC6718902 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective Sixty Pengbo semi-wool sheep ewes (approximately 1.5-years-old; 31.33±0.43 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups, either grazing (G) or dry lot feeding (D), to examine the effects of traditional daily grazing and dry lot feeding on performance and blood metabolites during the cold season in Tibetan Plateau. Methods The ewes in the G group were grazed continuously each day and housed in one shed each evening, while the ewes in the D group were housed in another shed all day. All animals were fed 400 g/d of commercial concentrate, and grass hay was available freely throughout the experimental period. Results Compared with the G group, the ewes in the D group had higher (p<0.05) live weight and weight gain. The D group ewes had greater (p<0.05) numbers of white blood cells and platelets, while they had lower (p<0.05) platelet-large cell ratios, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glutathione peroxidase, as compared with the G group ewes. Additionally, three serum metabolites, abscisic acid, xanthoxin and 3,4-dihydroxy-5-polypren, were upregulated (p<0.05) in the G group in comparison with the D group. Conclusion In conclusion, a dry lot feeding regime during the winter and spring period will increase the productivity of sheep and improve blood physiological and biochemical profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mei Jin
- Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xiao Qing Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Warwick B Badgery
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Peng Li
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Jun Xi Wu
- Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zakari FO, Ayo JO, Rekwot PI, Kawu MU, Minka NS. Daily rhythms of rectal and body surface temperatures in donkeys during the cold-dry (harmattan) and hot-dry seasons in a tropical savannah. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:2231-2243. [PMID: 30374600 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate daily rhythms of rectal temperature (RT) and body surface temperature (BST) of adult, yearling and foal donkeys during the cold-dry (harmattan) and hot-dry seasons in a tropical savanna. The RTs and BSTs of 30 clinically healthy, free-ranging donkeys were recorded using digital and infrared thermometers. The RT and BST of each donkey and thermal environmental parameters inside the pen were measured bi-hourly from 0600 to 0600 hours (GM + 1) on each experimental day. Application of single cosinor procedure showed that RT and BST exhibited varying levels of daily rhythmicity in both seasons, with values usually higher during the afternoon periods of the photophase of the light/dark cycle. The oscillatory pattern differed with season, with greater amplitude recorded during the cold-dry season than the hot-dry season. The acrophases of the RT and BST were mostly restricted to the photophase of the light/dark cycle in both seasons. The mean values of RT in the adult (37.10 ± 0.10 °C), yearling (37.19 ± 0.10 °C) and foal (37.45 ± 0.11 °C) donkeys were higher (F = 93.41, P < 0.0001) during the hot-dry season than the cold-dry season (35.40 ± 0.05 °C, 35.50 ± 0.04 °C and 36.20 ± 0.05 °C, respectively). In conclusion, seasonal changes influenced significantly the daily rhythmicity of RT and BST in donkeys, kept under natural light/dark cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friday Ocheja Zakari
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph Olusegun Ayo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Mohammed Umar Kawu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ndazo Salka Minka
- College of Agriculture and Animal Science, Department of Animal Health and Husbandry, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Mando-Kaduna, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Trifković J, Jovanović L, Đurić M, Stevanović-Đorđević S, Milanović S, Lazarević M, Sladojević Ž, Kirovski D. Influence of different seasons during late gestation on Holstein cows' colostrum and postnatal adaptive capability of their calves. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:1097-1108. [PMID: 29479663 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Season may affect calves' thermal comfort and behavior, but the data related to the overall influence of seasonal variations on dams' colostrum and postnatal adaptive capability of calves are limited. The aim of this study was to measure the effects of a 49-day-long low air temperature (LAT) season (5.20 ± 0.46 °C mean air temperature) and a 53-day-long high air temperature (HAT) season (27.40 ± 0.39 °C mean air temperature) on dams' colostrum quality and physiological, biochemical, hormonal, and oxidative stress parameters of their calves during the first 7 days of life. The dams' colostrum was sampled at 2, 14, and 26 h after calving, before feeding of their calves. Calves' blood samples were taken before the first colostrum intake and on days 1, 2, 3, and 7 of life. Calves' physiological parameters were measured on days 0 and 7. HAT season significantly reduced the quality of dams' colostrum. The ingestion of the low-quality colostrum, combined with the thermal discomfort during HAT season, probably provoked impaired physiological, biochemical, hormonal, and oxidative stress parameters in samples taken from the post-colostral calves. Additionally, intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed on day 7, which suggested an enhanced insulin response in HAT season calves. This study highlights the importance of adequate supporting strategies for the care of the late gestation cows and postnatal calves during the HAT season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julijana Trifković
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of East Sarajevo, East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ljubomir Jovanović
- Department for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloje Đurić
- Department for Reproduction, Fertility and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Stevanović-Đorđević
- Department for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Milanović
- Department for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Lazarević
- Department for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željko Sladojević
- PI Veterinary Institute of the Republic of Srpska "Dr. Vaso Butozan", Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Danijela Kirovski
- Department for Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Habibu B, Kawu MU, Aluwong T, Makun HJ. Influence of seasonal changes on physiological variables, haematology and serum thyroid hormones profile in male Red Sokoto and Sahel goats. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2016.1220384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Habibu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - M. U. Kawu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - T. Aluwong
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - H. J. Makun
- Small Ruminant Research Programme, National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hematological and biochemical findings in pregnant, postfoaling, and lactating jennies. Theriogenology 2015; 85:1233-8. [PMID: 26792379 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to (1) verify if significant changes occur in hematological and biochemical parameters in jennies during the last 2 months of pregnancy and the first 2 months of lactation, and (2) determine any differences with mares. Hematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in jennies every 15 days during late pregnancy, parturition, and early lactation. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, analysis of variance for repeated measurements and Tukey's multiple comparison test as post hoc were applied. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. Statistical analysis showed differences related to time for Red Blood Cells (RBC) count and Hematocrit (HCT), White Blood Cells (WBC) count, platelet count (PLT), total proteins, blood urea, triglycerides and total cholesterol concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine-phosphokinase activities, sodium (Na) and potassium (K). RBC and HCT were higher in late pregnancy than at foaling and during lactation. The relative anemia might be due to increased water ingestion because of fluid losses. The WBC count was higher at foaling than during late pregnancy and lactation. This could be related to the release of cortisol and catecholamine during delivery. The PLT trend showed lower values from delivery to the first 2 months of lactation compared to late gestation. Blood urea increased near parturition, and then remained constant during delivery and lactation, which might be due to the high energy demand at the beginning of lactation. Triglycerides and total cholesterol showed a decrease from delivery through the lactation period. Thus, jennies seem to have a similar metabolism of fats to ponies and draft horse mares, characterized by a greater fat content and mobilization than light breed horses. Aspartate aminotransferase activity decreased at parturition and early lactation, probably because of a predominance of anabolic over catabolic processes during pregnancy. Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity was lower at delivery and during lactation than at late gestation. This could be due to a physiological load on the liver in the perinatal period. Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity was always higher than in mares, but within the normal range for adult donkeys. Creatine-phosphokinase decreased near delivery, then was constant from parturition through the first 2 months of lactation. Na decreased during lactation, probably due to an increased renal retention mediated by aldosterone release during pregnancy. K showed the same trend as Na, and concentrations are in line with the species. The higher K during pregnancy may be due to reabsorption by the gut. Total proteins decreased more during the postpartum period and lactation than in the gestational period. In conclusion, our results showed significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters in jennies during the last 2 months of pregnancy and the first 2 months of lactation and these changes are only partially comparable to mares.
Collapse
|