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Lara B, Rojo J, Costa AR, Burgos-Montero AM, Antunes CM, Pérez-Badia R. Atmospheric pollen allergen load and environmental patterns in central and southwestern Iberian Peninsula. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159630. [PMID: 36280057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over one quarter of the population in industrialised countries suffers from some type of allergy and inhaled aeroallergens from pollen are the primary cause of allergic ailments. The networks for monitoring biological air quality measure the airborne pollen concentrations that characterize periods of exposure to major airborne aeroallergens but there are certain discrepancies in relation to the allergen-pollen dynamic. In this paper we analyse the airborne allergens Ole e 1, Phl p 1, Phl p 5 and Pla a 1, and interpreted the adjustments and mismatches in their concentrations in relation to airborne pollen. The influence of main environmental patterns was considered. The study was conducted in two urban areas of the centre and southwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Toledo in Spain and Évora in Portugal). Monitoring for pollen followed the standard protocol using Hirst volumetric spore traps and allergenic particles were quantified by ELISA assay. The results indicate that the discrepancies in this relationship were affected by the weather conditions up to 6 days prior. Precipitation and humidity above normal values caused a higher concentration of the allergen Pla a 1. This effect occurred in reverse in the case of humidity for the allergens Ole e 1 and Phl p 1. Humidity and precipitation generated the same pattern in the allergen-pollen relationship in both Phl p 1 and Phl p 5. Our findings show consistent results that allow to interpret the rate of discrepancy between allergen and pollen, and it can be used to improve allergy risk prediction models generated from atmospheric pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lara
- Institute of Environmental Science. University of Castilla-La Mancha. 45071, Toledo, Spain; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. Polytechnic University of Cartagena. 30202, Cartagena, Spain
| | - Jesús Rojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany. Complutense University. 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana R Costa
- Department of Chemistry, ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, School of Sciences and Technology & IIFA. University of Évora. 7000-671, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana M Burgos-Montero
- Institute of Environmental Science. University of Castilla-La Mancha. 45071, Toledo, Spain; Allergy Department. Hospital General La Mancha Centro. 13600 Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Célia M Antunes
- Department of Chemistry, ICT-Institute of Earth Sciences, School of Sciences and Technology & IIFA. University of Évora. 7000-671, Évora, Portugal
| | - Rosa Pérez-Badia
- Institute of Environmental Science. University of Castilla-La Mancha. 45071, Toledo, Spain.
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2
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Maya-Manzano JM, Oteros J, Rojo J, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Schmidt-Weber C, Buters J. Drivers of the release of the allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 from birch and grass pollen. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113987. [PMID: 35961547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The drivers affecting the Pollen Allergen Potency (PAP, amount of allergen released per pollen) are sparsely known. Betula and Poaceae airborne pollen are the two main allergenic pollen in the World. Airborne pollen and their allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 were simultaneously measured from 2010 to 2015 in Davos (Switzerland) and Munich (Germany) by using volumetric traps and ChemVol cascade impactors. Daily variations in PAP were analysed in PM>10 and PM2.5-10 air fractions and generalized additive models were created to explain which factors determine PAP, including meteorological parameters and inorganic pollutants. 87.1 ± 13.9% of Bet v 1 and 88.8 ± 15.5% of Phl p 5 was detected in the fraction PM>10 where most pollen grains were collected. Significantly higher PAP for grasses (3.5 ± 1.9 pg Phl p 5/pollen grain) were observed in Munich than in Davos (2.4 ± 1.5 pg/pollen grain, p < 0.001), but not for Betula (2.5 ± 1.6 pg Bet v 1/pollen grain in Munich and 2.3 ± 1.7 in Davos, N.S.). PAP varied between days, years and location, and increased along the pollen season for Poaceae, but remaining constant for Betula. Free allergens (allergens observed in the fraction with limited pollen, PM2.5- 10) were recorded mostly at the beginning or at the end of the pollen season, being linked to higher humidity and rainy days. Also, PAP was higher when the airborne pollen concentrations increased rapidly after one day of low/moderate levels. Our findings show that pollen exposure explains allergen exposure only to a limited extend, and that day in the season, geographic location and some weather conditions need to be considered also to explain symptoms of allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Maya-Manzano
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jose Oteros
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, Andalusian Inter-University Institute for Earth System IISTA, University of Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Jesús Rojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany; Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeroen Buters
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
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3
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De Linares C, Navarro D, Puigdemunt R, Belmonte J. Airborne Alt a 1 Dynamic and Its Relationship with the Airborne Dynamics of Alternaria Conidia and Pleosporales Spores. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020125. [PMID: 35205882 PMCID: PMC8880004 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal spores are universal atmospheric components associated to allergic reactions. Alternaria (Ascomycota) is considered the most allergenic spore taxa. Alt a 1 is the major allergen of Alternaria and is present also in other Pleosporales. In this study, standard Hirst-based sampling and analyzing methods for measuring spore daily concentrations of Alternaria, Curvularia, Drechslera-Helminthosporium, Epicoccum, Leptosphaeria, Pithomyces, Pleospora and Stemphylium (all included in the taxon Pleosporales) have been used as well as two high-volume samplers, Burkard Cyclone (2017) and MCV CAV-A/mb (2019–2020), and ELISA kits for measuring the allergen. The detection and quantification of Alt a 1 was only possible in the samples from the MCV sampler. Although Alt a 1 was better correlated with Alternaria spores than with Pleosporales spores, the three of them showed high correlations. It is shown that there is a high and significant correlation of Alt a 1 with temperature, a negative correlation with relative humidity and no correlation with precipitation. The aerobiological monitoring of these three elements ensures the best information for understanding the affectation to allergy sufferers, but, if this is not possible, as a minimum public health service aimed at the detection, treatment and prevention of allergies, the study of the airborne Alternaria spores should be ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción De Linares
- Department of Botany, University of Granada, 180171 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-243-394
| | - David Navarro
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (D.N.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rut Puigdemunt
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (D.N.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordina Belmonte
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (D.N.); (R.P.); (J.B.)
- Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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4
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Emmerson KM, Silver JD, Thatcher M, Wain A, Jones PJ, Dowdy A, Newbigin EJ, Picking BW, Choi J, Ebert E, Bannister T. Atmospheric modelling of grass pollen rupturing mechanisms for thunderstorm asthma prediction. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249488. [PMID: 33852572 PMCID: PMC8046208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The world’s most severe thunderstorm asthma event occurred in Melbourne, Australia on 21 November 2016, coinciding with the peak of the grass pollen season. The aetiological role of thunderstorms in these events is thought to cause pollen to rupture in high humidity conditions, releasing large numbers of sub-pollen particles (SPPs) with sizes very easily inhaled deep into the lungs. The humidity hypothesis was implemented into a three-dimensional atmospheric model and driven by inputs from three meteorological models. However, the mechanism could not explain how the Melbourne event occurred as relative humidity was very low throughout the atmosphere, and most available grass pollen remained within 40 m of the surface. Our tests showed humidity induced rupturing occurred frequently at other times and would likely lead to recurrent false alarms if used in a predictive capacity. We used the model to investigate a range of other possible pollen rupturing mechanisms which could have produced high concentrations of SPPs in the atmosphere during the storm. The mechanisms studied involve mechanical friction from wind gusts, electrical build up and discharge incurred during conditions of low relative humidity, and lightning strikes. Our results suggest that these mechanisms likely operated in tandem with one another, but the lightning method was the only mechanism to generate a pattern in SPPs following the path of the storm. If humidity induced rupturing cannot explain the 2016 Melbourne event, then new targeted laboratory studies of alternative pollen rupture mechanisms would be of considerable value to help constrain the parameterisation of the pollen rupturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy D. Silver
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Alan Wain
- Bureau of Meteorology, Docklands, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope J. Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrew Dowdy
- Bureau of Meteorology, Docklands, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Beau W. Picking
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Choi
- Environmental Protection Authority Victoria, Macleod, Victoria, Australia
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Celenk S, Vatansever B. Assessment of heterogeneity of two cultivars of Olea europaea based on the study of their Ole e 1 protein content. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13122-2. [PMID: 33641102 PMCID: PMC7914038 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Olive pollen is one of the main causes of allergic disease in the Mediterranean area. Ten different proteins with allergenic activity have been described in olive pollen, with major allergen Ole e 1. Olea europaea L. may cause allergenic effects of different severity depending on the Ole e 1 content of cultivars. In this paper, we aimed to assess the heterogeneity of two olive cultivars concerning concentrations of the major allergen Ole e 1 during a period of 2 years. Pollens from two most common olive cultivars, known as "Gemlik" and "Celebi," were analyzed on regular basis. Ole e 1 amounts were measured by double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were expressed as μg of Ole e 1 per μg of total freeze-dried extract. Comparisons of Ole e 1 levels were made both between individual trees and between cultivars. It was analyzed the influence of some meteorological parameters on pollen counts/allergenic content on a local scale, for 2 years. Pollen sampling was carried out continuously for 2 years, using a Hirst-type volumetric trap. "Gemlik" had the higher value (mean ± standard deviation) of Ole e 1 content (2.44 ±0.70 and 1.87 ±1.03 μg/μg, respectively) when compared to "Celebi" (2.16 ±0.86 and 0.20 ±0.30 μg/μg, respectively) in the years 2013 and 2015. In our research, daily variations were observed in pollen samples of two olive cultivars and even different trees of the same cultivar. Furthermore, during certain sampling days, discrepancies between airborne pollen counts and Ole e 1 concentrations were detected for both cultivars. It was found that meteorological changes, especially temperature and precipitation fluctuations, could affect airborne pollen and Ole e 1 allergen levels in the atmosphere. Therefore, pollen samples of different O. europaea cultivars demonstrated great differences in Ole e 1 content. We believe that these findings were a result of alternate bearing behavior modulated by meteorological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan Celenk
- Department of Biology, Aerobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Görükle, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Buse Vatansever
- Department of Biology, Aerobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Arts and Science, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Görükle, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey
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Plaza MP, Alcázar P, Oteros J, Galán C. Atmospheric pollutants and their association with olive and grass aeroallergen concentrations in Córdoba (Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45447-45459. [PMID: 32789634 PMCID: PMC8197725 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative data indicate that pollen grains and air pollution reciprocally interact. Climate changes seem also to influence pollen allergenicity. Depending on the plant species and on the pollutant type and concentration, this interaction may modify the features and metabolism of the pollen grain. Previous results revealed a significant positive correlation between pollen and aeroallergen, even using two different samplers. However, some discrepancy days have been also detected with low pollen but high aeroallergen concentrations. The main aim of the present paper is to find how the environmental factors, and specially pollutants, could affect the amount of allergens from olive and grass airborne pollen. Pollen grains were collected by a Hirst-type volumetric spore trap. Aeroallergen was simultaneously sampled by a low-volume Cyclone Burkard sampler. Phl p 5 and Ole e 1 aeroallergen were quantified by double-sandwich ELISA test. The data related to air pollutants, pollen grains, and aeroallergens were analyzed with descriptive statistic. Spearman's correlation test was used to identify potential correlations between these variables. There is a significant positive correlation between aeroallergens and airborne pollen concentrations, in both studied pollen types, so allergen concentrations could be explained with the pollen concentration. The days with unlinked events coincide between olive and grass allergens. Nevertheless, concerning to our results, pollutants do not affect the amount of allergens per pollen. Even if diverse pollutants show an unclear relationship with the allergen concentration, this association seems to be a casual effect of the leading role of some meteorological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Plaza
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine, UNIKA-T, University of Augsburg - Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neusässer Str. 47, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Purificación Alcázar
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - José Oteros
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Galán
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
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7
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Antón SF, de la Cruz DR, Sánchez AG, Dávila I, Sánchez Sánchez J, Sánchez Reyes E. Urban atmospheric levels of allergenic pollen: comparison of two locations in Salamanca, Central-Western Spain. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:414. [PMID: 32500317 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, differences in the pollen levels detected in two parts of Salamanca (a city in central-western Spain) have been revealed using two volumetric samplers. One sampler was located in the city centre and the other in a semi-natural zone. The two sampling devices were separated by a distance of 1.4 km. During the two-year study period, the most abundant allergenic pollen type was Poaceae, with peak values being detected in May. Maximum values were registered between April and June. The values obtained in both zones with regard to pollen seasonality were similar during the peak day, but the abundance of pollen grains detected in the semi-urban was higher, except for Olea pollen type. The atmospheric pollen season was similar in duration, except for some types belonging to the genera Plantago and Urticaceae, which showed divergent values most probably due to the influence of climatic conditions. The meteorological parameter most significantly correlated to pollen concentration was temperature, being negative for winter species and positive for plants preferring warmer climates. In addition, rainfall showed a negative correlation in most cases due to the influence of precipitation on the behaviour of atmospheric airborne pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fuentes Antón
- Hispano-Luso Agrarian Research Institute (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor Campus, Río Duero Street No. 12, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - David Rodríguez de la Cruz
- Hispano-Luso Agrarian Research Institute (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor Campus, Río Duero Street No. 12, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Licenciado Mendez Nieto s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Asunción García Sánchez
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Alfonso X, El Sabio s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio Dávila
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Alfonso X, El Sabio s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
- Inmunoalergy Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Sánchez Sánchez
- Hispano-Luso Agrarian Research Institute (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor Campus, Río Duero Street No. 12, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Licenciado Mendez Nieto s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Estefanía Sánchez Reyes
- Hispano-Luso Agrarian Research Institute (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Villamayor Campus, Río Duero Street No. 12, 37185 Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain
- Catholic University of Ávila, Los Canteros Street, s, /n 05005, Ávila, Spain
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Alvaro-Lozano M, Akdis CA, Akdis M, Alviani C, Angier E, Arasi S, Arzt-Gradwohl L, Barber D, Bazire R, Cavkaytar O, Comberiati P, Dramburg S, Durham SR, Eifan AO, Forchert L, Halken S, Kirtland M, Kucuksezer UC, Layhadi JA, Matricardi PM, Muraro A, Ozdemir C, Pajno GB, Pfaar O, Potapova E, Riggioni C, Roberts G, Rodríguez Del Río P, Shamji MH, Sturm GJ, Vazquez-Ortiz M. EAACI Allergen Immunotherapy User's Guide. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2020; 31 Suppl 25:1-101. [PMID: 32436290 PMCID: PMC7317851 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy is a cornerstone in the treatment of allergic children. The clinical efficiency relies on a well-defined immunologic mechanism promoting regulatory T cells and downplaying the immune response induced by allergens. Clinical indications have been well documented for respiratory allergy in the presence of rhinitis and/or allergic asthma, to pollens and dust mites. Patients who have had an anaphylactic reaction to hymenoptera venom are also good candidates for allergen immunotherapy. Administration of allergen is currently mostly either by subcutaneous injections or by sublingual administration. Both methods have been extensively studied and have pros and cons. Specifically in children, the choice of the method of administration according to the patient's profile is important. Although allergen immunotherapy is widely used, there is a need for improvement. More particularly, biomarkers for prediction of the success of the treatments are needed. The strength and efficiency of the immune response may also be boosted by the use of better adjuvants. Finally, novel formulations might be more efficient and might improve the patient's adherence to the treatment. This user's guide reviews current knowledge and aims to provide clinical guidance to healthcare professionals taking care of children undergoing allergen immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland.,Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cherry Alviani
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Elisabeth Angier
- Primary Care and Population Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Stefania Arasi
- Pediatric Allergology Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's research Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Lisa Arzt-Gradwohl
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Domingo Barber
- School of Medicine, Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), Universidad CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.,RETIC ARADYAL RD16/0006/0015, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raphaëlle Bazire
- Allergy Department, Hospital Infantil Niño Jesús, ARADyAL RD16/0006/0026, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ozlem Cavkaytar
- Department of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Goztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stephanie Dramburg
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Aarif O Eifan
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Leandra Forchert
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Halken
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Max Kirtland
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Umut C Kucuksezer
- Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Janice A Layhadi
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.,Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Maria Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonella Muraro
- The Referral Centre for Food Allergy Diagnosis and Treatment Veneto Region, Department of Women and Child Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Cevdet Ozdemir
- Institute of Child Health, Department of Pediatric Basic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Potapova
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Riggioni
- Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology Service, Institut de Reserca Sant Joan de Deú, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Graham Roberts
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Newport, Isle of Wight, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Paediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine (MP803), Clinical & Experimental Sciences & Human Development in Health Academic Units University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Mohamed H Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group; Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,the MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK
| | - Gunter J Sturm
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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9
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Fernández-González M, González-Fernández E, Fernández-González D, Rodríguez-Rajo FJ. Secondary Outcomes of the Ole e 1 Proteins Involved in Pollen Tube Development: Impact on Allergies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:974. [PMID: 32719701 PMCID: PMC7349006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ole e 1 protein is involved in olive fertilization mechanisms controlling pollen tube development. Similarly to the process by which pollen grains hydrated and form a pollen tube upon arrival at the female gametophyte, when pollen grains fall on the nasal mucosa the expression of Ole e 1 protein induce allergic reaction in sensitive individuals. The research was conducted in Ourense (North-western Spain), during the 2009-2018 period. Ole e 1 protein was collected using a Cyclone Sampler and processed with the ELISA methodology. Airborne Olea pollen were monitored using a Hirst type volumetric sampler. Allergy risk episodes identified by pollen concentrations were detected in five of the 10 studied years, all with moderate risk. Actual risk episodes of allergy increased when the combination of pollen and Ole e 1 concentrations were considered. Moderate risk episodes were detected during 9 years and high-risk episodes during 3 years. In addition, some years of low annual pollen concentrations recorded high total amounts of Ole e 1. During the years with lower pollen production, the tree increases the synthesis of Ole e 1 to ensure proper pollen tube elongation in order to complete a successful fertilization. This fact could justify higher sensitization rates in years in which a lower pollen production is expected. The present method contributes to the determination of the real exposure to Ole e 1 allergen evaluating the role of this protein as an aeroallergen for sensitized population. The allergen content in the atmosphere should be considered to enhance the prevention of pollinosis clinical symptomatology and the reduction of medicine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fernández-González
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - D. Fernández-González
- Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management (Botany), University of León, León, Spain
- Department of Natural, Environmental and Anthropic Hazards of Cultural Heritage, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate-CNR, Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- *Correspondence: F. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo,
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De Linares C, Alcázar P, Valle AM, Díaz de la Guardia C, Galán C. Parietaria major allergens vs pollen in the air we breathe. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108514. [PMID: 31202045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parietaria and Urtica are the genera from the Urticaceae family more frequent in Mediterranean and Atlantic areas. Moreover, both genera share pollination periods, and their pollen (of the main species) is so similar that there is no aerobiological evidence of the proportion of each of them in the airborne pollen identification, except in the case of U. membranacea. However, Parietaria is one of the most important causes of pollinosis and Urtica is not. Our aim is determine if airborne Urticaceae pollen concentrations show the aerodynamics of the two major allergens of Parietaria (Par j 1 and Par j 2) as well as the allergen distribution in the different-sized particles. METHODS The air was sampled during the pollination period of Urticaceae using Hirst Volumetric Sampler and Andersen Cascade Impactor in two cities of Southern Spain (Córdoba and Granada). The samples were analysed by the methodology proposed by the Spanish Aerobiology Network (REA) and the minimum requirements of the European Aeroallergen Society (EAS) for pollen, and by ELISA immunoassay for allergens. RESULTS The patterns of airborne pollen and Par j 1-Par j 2 were present in the air during the studied period, although with irregular oscillations. Urticaceae pollen and Par j 1-Par j 2 allergens located in PM2.5 showed positive and significant correlation during the period with maximum concentrations (March to April). CONCLUSION Parietaria aeroallergens show similar pattern of Urticaceae airborne pollen. Urticaceae pollen calendar is as a good tool for allergy prevention. On the other hand, important concentrations of Par j 1 and Par j 2 were located in the breathable fraction (PM2.5), which could explain the asthmatic symptoms in the allergic population to Parietaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción De Linares
- Unitat de Botànica and Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Purificación Alcázar
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana M Valle
- Pharmacy Service, Campus de la Salud Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Galán
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba, Spain
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Fernández-González M, Ribeiro H, Pereira JRS, Rodríguez-Rajo FJ, Abreu I. Assessment of the potential real pollen related allergenic load on the atmosphere of Porto city. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:333-341. [PMID: 30852210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the allergen content in the atmosphere is a useful tool to stablish the risk allergy warnings for the sensitive people. In Portugal the main airborne allergenic pollen come from trees (such as Betula or Olea), grasses or weeds (mainly Urticaceae). The present study sought the quantification of the Bet v 1, Ole e 1, Lol p1 and Par j1-2 aeroallergen concentration as well as how weather variables influence in the pollen and allergen concentration in Porto city. Aerobiological study was carried out by a Hirst-type volumetric sampler for pollen collection and a Burkard Cyclone sampler for the aeroallergens. A regression analysis between pollen and allergens was conducted for the identification the allergenic risk days. High Pollen Allergen Potency in the atmosphere was observed considering the low levels of airborne pollen detected. A significant and positive correlation has been obtained between pollen and aeroallergen values with the temperatures whereas the correlation was negative with relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed. Back trajectory methodology was applied in order to analyse the discordances between pollen and allergen maximum concentrations. The analysis showed that when the pollen and allergen peaks were registered on the same day, air masses always comes from the continent. However, when the peaks do not coincide, the air mass comes from the continent in the case of the pollen peak and from the sea for the allergen peak. This behaviour can be a consequence of the high humidity in the air masses from the sea, which can benefit the allergen release from pollen grains. In our study it was observed that the available traditional information for allergenic Type I patients, corresponding to the amount of pollen grains in the bioaerosol, do not accurately identify the real allergenic load in the air.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-González
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
| | - H Ribeiro
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - J R S Pereira
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - F J Rodríguez-Rajo
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - I Abreu
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biology of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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García-Sánchez J, Trigo MDM, Recio M. Extraction and quantification of Ole e 1 from atmospheric air samples: An optimized protocol. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 225:490-496. [PMID: 30897472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Olive pollen is the main cause of pollinosis in Mediterranean countries. The immunological analysis of Ole e 1, the major allergen of Olea europaea, has usually carried out by means of ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay). However, most published works only specify the methodology related to antigen quantifications, but not the related to protein extraction. Furthermore, the results obtained are not compared with different buffers or modifications of them. The main aim of this study is to obtain an optimized and reproducible ELISA protocol for quantifications of Ole e 1 in the atmosphere. The study of Ole e 1 allergen and olive pollen in the atmosphere of Malaga (Spain) was carried out by means of an automatic multi-vial cyclonic sampler and a Hirst volumetric pollen trap, respectively. ELISA was tuned up on the basis of previously published protocols to quantify this allergen. Variations in the concentrations of capture and detection antibodies, as well as in the buffers used to carry out the extraction, were evaluated. The highest protein extraction was obtained when a modified buffer was applied. The correlation analysis between daily pollen concentrations and allergen quantifications showed highly significant values. The ELISA protocol, together with the buffer combination proposed in this work, considerably reduced the concentrations of capture and detection antibodies used for quantifying Ole e 1 in the atmosphere, allowing detect this allergen even in days in which the airborne pollen concentration was very low or null.
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Affiliation(s)
- José García-Sánchez
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos, E-29071, Malaga, Spain.
| | - Ma Del Mar Trigo
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos, E-29071, Malaga, Spain.
| | - Marta Recio
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos, E-29071, Malaga, Spain.
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Galera MD, Elvira-Rendueles B, Moreno JM, Negral L, Ruiz-Abellón MC, García-Sánchez A, Moreno-Grau S. Analysis of airborne Olea pollen in Cartagena (Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:436-445. [PMID: 29220768 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Olive cultivation is of great importance in Southern Europe but olive pollen is the leading cause of allergy in many regions where it is grown. The best preventive measure for allergic patients is to avoid exposure. Thus, aerobiological monitoring networks must supply realistic pollen classes for the different types of allergic pollen. Even though those pollen classes are defined, they do not necessarily fit local data. Altogether, they should use predictive models to assess flowering intensity in advance. In this study, the Olea pollen degree of exposure classes (OPDEC) are defined based on percentiles and a predictive model is suggested for Cartagena, Spain. 24year (1993-2016) Olea pollen counts series was used to characterize the Main Pollen Season (MPS). The aerobiological samples were processed following the methodology proposed by Hirst and developed by the Spanish Aerobiology Network. The aerobiological database was completed with the meteorological data supplied by AEMET (Spanish State Meteorological Agency). MPS evolution over time, and its relation with temperature and rainfall, has been analysed. The study showed an increase in MPS duration and the amount of Olea pollen grains collected both in MPS and the peak day. The OPDEC should fit local data to improve preventive measures. Based on the 24year series, the proposed OPDEC for Cartagena are: Low (≤10grains/m3), Medium (between 10 and 50grains/m3), High (between 51 and 100grains/m3) and Very High (≥100grains/m3). Olea pollen estimations in the MPS and in the peak day were obtained by means of three Regression Methods and climatic factors. The analysis reveals that the Bagging for Regression Trees (BRT) method is a good predictive alternative and stablishes the importance for each meteorological variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Galera
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Technical University of Cartagena, Dr. Fleming sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - B Elvira-Rendueles
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Dr. Fleming sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - J M Moreno
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Dr. Fleming sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - L Negral
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Dr. Fleming sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - M C Ruiz-Abellón
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Technical University of Cartagena, Dr. Fleming sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - A García-Sánchez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Dr. Fleming sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain.
| | - S Moreno-Grau
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, Dr. Fleming sn, 30202, Cartagena, Spain.
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