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Mengrelis K, Niederacher G, Prickler L, Kainz V, Weijler AM, Rudolph E, Stanek V, Eckl-Dorna J, Baranyi U, Spittler A, Focke-Tejkl M, Bohle B, Valenta R, Becker CFW, Wekerle T, Linhart B. Coupling of a Major Allergen to the Surface of Immune Cells for Use in Prophylactic Cell Therapy for the Prevention of IgE-Mediated Allergy. Cells 2024; 13:446. [PMID: 38474409 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Up to a third of the world's population suffers from allergies, yet the effectiveness of available preventative measures remains, at large, poor. Consequently, the development of successful prophylactic strategies for the induction of tolerance against allergens is crucial. In proof-of-concept studies, our laboratory has previously shown that the transfer of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) or autologous B cells expressing a major grass pollen allergen, Phl p 5, induces robust tolerance in mice. However, eventual clinical translation would require safe allergen expression without the need for retroviral transduction. Therefore, we aimed to chemically couple Phl p 5 to the surface of leukocytes and tested their ability to induce tolerance. Phl p 5 was coupled by two separate techniques, either by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) or by linkage via a lipophilic anchor, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol)-maleimide (DSPE-PEG-Mal). The effectiveness was assessed in fresh and cultured Phl p 5-coupled cells by flow cytometry, image cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Chemical coupling of Phl p 5 using EDC was robust but was followed by rapid apoptosis. DSPE-PEG-Mal-mediated linkage was also strong, but antigen levels declined due to antigen internalization. Cells coupled with Phl p 5 by either method were transferred into autologous mice. While administration of EDC-coupled splenocytes together with short course immunosuppression initially reduced Phl p 5-specific antibody levels to a moderate degree, both methods did not induce sustained tolerance towards Phl p 5 upon several subcutaneous immunizations with the allergen. Overall, our results demonstrate the successful chemical linkage of an allergen to leukocytes using two separate techniques, eliminating the risks of genetic modifications. More durable surface expression still needs to be achieved for use in prophylactic cell therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Mengrelis
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Niederacher
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Prickler
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Kainz
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Marianne Weijler
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Rudolph
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Stanek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Eckl-Dorna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Baranyi
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery and Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems, Austria
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia, National Research Center (NRC), 115478 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Thomas Wekerle
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Linhart
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Bothen N, Backes AT, Weller MG, Pöschl U. Oligomerization and tyrosine nitration enhance the allergenic potential of the birch and grass pollen allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5. Front Allergy 2023; 4:1303943. [PMID: 38125293 PMCID: PMC10732249 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1303943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein modifications such as oligomerization and tyrosine nitration alter the immune response to allergens and may contribute to the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases. In this mini-review, we summarize and discuss relevant findings for the major birch and grass pollen allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 modified with tetranitromethane (laboratory studies), peroxynitrite (physiological processes), and ozone and nitrogen dioxide (environmental conditions). We focus on tyrosine nitration and the formation of protein dimers and higher oligomers via dityrosine cross-linking and the immunological effects studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadine Bothen
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna T. Backes
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael G. Weller
- Division 1.5 - Protein Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Zimmer J, Bonertz A, Kaul S, Vieths S. Introduction of General Chapters on standard methods for allergen quantification in the European Pharmacopoeia. Allergy 2022; 78:923-927. [PMID: 36579359 DOI: 10.1111/all.15631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Biological Standardization Project BSP090 has been successfully concluded in 2021. As a result, two standard methods for quantification of the major allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 will be implemented in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.). The General Chapter describing the protocol of the respective Bet v 1-specific ELISA has already been adopted by the Ph. Eur. Commission and will become an official part of the Ph. Eur. in the beginning of 2023. As this will be the first allergen-specific standard method in the EU, this paper intends to summarize the preceding process and outline the measures necessary to comply with the new regulatory requirement.
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Maya-Manzano JM, Oteros J, Rojo J, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Schmidt-Weber C, Buters J. Drivers of the release of the allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 from birch and grass pollen. Environ Res 2022; 214:113987. [PMID: 35961547 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The drivers affecting the Pollen Allergen Potency (PAP, amount of allergen released per pollen) are sparsely known. Betula and Poaceae airborne pollen are the two main allergenic pollen in the World. Airborne pollen and their allergens Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 were simultaneously measured from 2010 to 2015 in Davos (Switzerland) and Munich (Germany) by using volumetric traps and ChemVol cascade impactors. Daily variations in PAP were analysed in PM>10 and PM2.5-10 air fractions and generalized additive models were created to explain which factors determine PAP, including meteorological parameters and inorganic pollutants. 87.1 ± 13.9% of Bet v 1 and 88.8 ± 15.5% of Phl p 5 was detected in the fraction PM>10 where most pollen grains were collected. Significantly higher PAP for grasses (3.5 ± 1.9 pg Phl p 5/pollen grain) were observed in Munich than in Davos (2.4 ± 1.5 pg/pollen grain, p < 0.001), but not for Betula (2.5 ± 1.6 pg Bet v 1/pollen grain in Munich and 2.3 ± 1.7 in Davos, N.S.). PAP varied between days, years and location, and increased along the pollen season for Poaceae, but remaining constant for Betula. Free allergens (allergens observed in the fraction with limited pollen, PM2.5- 10) were recorded mostly at the beginning or at the end of the pollen season, being linked to higher humidity and rainy days. Also, PAP was higher when the airborne pollen concentrations increased rapidly after one day of low/moderate levels. Our findings show that pollen exposure explains allergen exposure only to a limited extend, and that day in the season, geographic location and some weather conditions need to be considered also to explain symptoms of allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Maya-Manzano
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jose Oteros
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, Andalusian Inter-University Institute for Earth System IISTA, University of Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Jesús Rojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany; Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeroen Buters
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Technical University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
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5
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Zimmer J, Schmidt S, Kaul S, Costanzo A, Buchheit K, Brown S, Carnés J, Chapman M, Chen A, De Neergaard M, Döring S, Hindley JP, Holzhauser T, Jorajuria S, Le Tallec D, Lombardero M, Iacovacci P, Reese G, Sander I, Smith B, Strecker D, Ree R, Zebina M, Vieths S. Standardisation of allergen products: 4. Validation of a candidate European Pharmacopoeia standard method for quantification of major grass pollen allergen Phl p 5. Allergy 2022; 77:633-642. [PMID: 34241919 DOI: 10.1111/all.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the BSP090 project is the establishment of European Pharmacopoeia Chemical Reference Substances (CRSs) in combination with corresponding standard ELISA methods for quantification of major allergens in allergen products. Here, we present data of a Phl p 5-specific sandwich ELISA that proved suitable for the quantification of Phl p 5, one of the major Timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen allergens. METHODS A Phl p 5-specific ELISA system was assessed with respect to accuracy, precision, inter-assay (within laboratory) and inter-laboratory variations, in a ring trial including 14 laboratories in Europe and the USA. Model samples containing recombinant Phl p 5a CRS as well as native grass pollen extracts were analysed. Each participant was instructed to perform at least one preliminary assay to familiarise with the protocol, followed by three independent assays. RESULTS The candidate standard ELISA proved suitable to quantify recombinant and native Phl p 5 with satisfactory precision (93% of results within ±30% acceptance range). Inter-assay variation (max. GCV 24%) and especially inter-laboratory variation (max. GCV 13%) showed conclusive results. When assessing accuracy by means of recovery of recombinant spikes from a grass pollen extract matrix, similarly satisfactory spike recovery results were observed for the two spikes with higher concentrations (all within ±30% acceptance range), whereas recovery of the lowest concentration spike was slightly poorer with mean results of six laboratories exceeding acceptance range. CONCLUSIONS Based on the collaborative study results, the assessed Phl p 5-specific immunoassay is appropriate to be proposed as European Pharmacopoeia standard method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angèle Costanzo
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM) Strasbourg France
| | - Karl‐Heinz Buchheit
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM) Strasbourg France
| | | | | | | | - Aaron Chen
- Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sylvie Jorajuria
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM) Strasbourg France
| | - David Le Tallec
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM) Strasbourg France
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid Sander
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance (IPA) Ruhr‐Universität Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Bryan Smith
- Indoor Biotechnologies Charlottesville VA USA
| | | | - Ronald Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology Amsterdam University Medical Centers Amsterdam The Netherlands
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6
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Cabrera M, Subiza J, Fernández-Caldas E, Garzón García B, Moreno-Grau S, Subiza JL. Influence of environmental drivers on allergy to pollen grains in a case study in Spain (Madrid): meteorological factors, pollutants, and airborne concentration of aeroallergens. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:53614-53628. [PMID: 34032952 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare airborne levels of Phl p 1 and Phl p 5, with Poaceae pollen concentrations inside and outside of the pollen season, and to evaluate their association with symptoms in grass allergic patients and the influence of climate and pollution. The Hirst and the Burkard Cyclone samplers were used for pollen and allergen quantification, respectively. The sampling period ran from 23 March 2009 to 27 July 2010. Twenty-three patients with seasonal allergic asthma and rhinitis used an electronic symptom card. The aerosol was extracted and quantified for Phl p 1 and Phl p 5 content. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric paired contrast of Wilcoxon, Spearman's correlations, and a categorical principal component analysis (CatPCA) were carried out. Significant variations in pollen, aeroallergen levels, pollen allergen potency, and symptoms score were observed in this study. Phl p 5 pollen allergen potency was higher at the beginning of the 2010 grass pollen season. Presence of Phl p 1 outside the pollen season with positive O3 correlation was clinically relevant. 45.5% of the variance was explained by two dimensions in the CatPCA analysis, showing the symptom relationships dissociated in two dimensions. In the first one, the more important relationship was with grass pollen grains concentration and Phl p 5 and to a lesser extent with Phl p 1 and levels of NO2 and O3, and in the second dimension, symptoms were associated with humidity and SO2. Clinically relevant out-season Phl p 1 was found with a positive O3 correlation. The effect of climate and pollution may have contributed to the higher seasonal allergic rhinitis symptom score recorded in 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Cabrera
- Servicio de Alergia, Hospital Los Madroños, Brunete, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Enrique Fernández-Caldas
- Inmunotek S.L., Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Belén Garzón García
- Unidad de Estadística, Secretaría Adjunta de Informática, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stella Moreno-Grau
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Spain
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7
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Almeida E, Caeiro E, Todo-Bom A, Duarte A, Gazarini L. Sensitization to grass allergens: Phl p1, Phl p5 and Phl p7 Phl p12 in adult and children patients in Beja (Southern Portugal). Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:579-584. [PMID: 31477404 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Portugal, the pollen types most implicated in respiratory allergy are grasses, olive and parietaria. The knowledge of sensitizations to molecular allergens in children and adults can contribute to better diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. METHODS ImmunoCAP singleplex technology was used for molecular allergens and Phadia 250® automatic equipment. g205 (Phl p1); g215 (Phl p5b); g210 (Phl p7); and g212 (Phl p12) allergen determinations were made in 45 patients with positive grass sensitization tests. RESULTS The majority of patients are sensitized to Phl p1 (91%) and Phl p1+/Phl p5-/Phl p7-/Phl p12- was the most dominant profile (40%). In the adult group, the IgE averages for Phl p1 were approximately 10.46, while they were 8.43 for Phl p5, 0.69 for Phl p7, and 0.06 for Phl p12. In the child group, these values were higher: 22.49, 20.23, 3.89, and 0.35, respectively. For allergens Phl p1, Phl p5, and Phl p7, these differences between the child and adult population were not statistically significant (p=0.754, p=0.806 and p=0.102, respectively), but for Phl p12, a statistically significant difference (p=0.018) was observed. CONCLUSIONS IgE antibodies Phl p1 is the most important allergic marker and sensitivities caused by Phl p12 give rise to higher IgE values in children.
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8
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Porcel Carreño S, Gómez Nieves E, Fernández-Caldas E, Abel Fernández E, Cases B, Tudela JI, Maghfour Martin Y, Domínguez Domínguez E, Alvarado Arenas M, Jiménez Timón S, Ahmida T, García Ponce JF, Jiménez Gallardo P, Alvarado Izquierdo MI, Hernández Arbeiza J. Immunochemical and Physical Quantitation of Grass and Olive Pollen Allergens: Correlation With Asthma Admissions in Cáceres, Spain. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2019; 30:334-339. [PMID: 31283522 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The association between pollen counts and allergen levels in the air is controversial. Objectives: The aims of the study were to quantify total and major allergen levels of Phleum pratense and Olea europaea and to analyze their correlation with grass and olive pollen counts and the number of asthma attacks attended at Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Cáceres, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS A volumetric air sampler and a Burkard spore trap were used for pollen and aeroallergen collection during April- June 2011. Filters were extracted, and major allergens were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS May was the main grass pollination period, with a maximum peak of 1362 grains/m3 (May 13). The main pollination period for olive was April 30-May 20, with a maximum peak of 851 grains/m3 (May 11). A moderate correlation was observed between asthma exacerbations and grass pollen counts or Phleum total allergen levels; this became stronger when a 3-day offset was introduced. A significant association was observed between asthma exacerbations and total olive allergen or olive pollen grain levels when a 1-day offset was introduced. The maximum correlation (moderate-high) was observed 4 days and 6 days away from the maximum olive pollen peak and the maximum Ole e 1 peak level, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a significant correlation between grass and olive pollination and an increase in the number of visits to the emergency room for asthma attacks. The aerobiological pattern of allergen levels in the air is similar to that of pollen counts during the grass and olive pollination periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Porcel Carreño
- Sección de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - E Gómez Nieves
- Sección de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - E Fernández-Caldas
- Inmunotek SL, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
| | | | - B Cases
- Inmunotek SL, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Y Maghfour Martin
- Sección de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - E Domínguez Domínguez
- Sección de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - M Alvarado Arenas
- Sección de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - S Jiménez Timón
- Sección de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - T Ahmida
- Sección de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - J F García Ponce
- Sección de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | - P Jiménez Gallardo
- Sección de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - J Hernández Arbeiza
- Sección de Alergología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Cáceres, Cáceres, Spain
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9
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Cipriani F, Tripodi S, Panetta V, Perna S, Potapova E, Dondi A, Bernardini R, Caffarelli C, Casani A, Cervone R, Chini L, Comberiati P, De Castro G, Miraglia Del Giudice M, Dello Iacono I, Di Rienzo Businco A, Gallucci M, Giannetti A, Mastrorilli C, Moschese V, Pelosi S, Sfika I, Varin E, Villella V, Zicari AM, Brindisi G, Ricci G, Matricardi PM. Early molecular biomarkers predicting the evolution of allergic rhinitis and its comorbidities: A longitudinal multicenter study of a patient cohort. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:325-334. [PMID: 30734368 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollen-related seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR) is a very frequent pediatric disease in Westernized countries. Risk factors and disease phenotypes have been thoroughly examined in several cross-sectional studies. By contrast, only a few studies have examined disease evolution in patient cohorts. We investigated predictive biomarkers of disease evolution in a large cohort of children with SAR. METHODS During 2015-2017 (follow-up), we re-examined 401 patients from those enrolled in 2009-2011 (baseline) by the "Panallergens in Pediatrics" study, a large multicenter survey of Italian children with SAR. Information on clinical history (standard questionnaire, AllergyCARD®; TPS, Italy) and skin prick tests for inhalant and foods extracts (ALK-Abelló, Hørsholm, Denmark) was acquired as at baseline visit. Evolution in clinical and sensitization data of patients was analyzed over time, as well as their association with the main baseline characteristics and atopy risk factors. RESULTS The average age of participants was 10.4 ± 3.4 years at baseline and 16.2 ± 3.6 years at follow-up. SAR persisted in 93.3% of patients at follow-up and became more frequently associated with asthma (from 36.7% at baseline to 48.6% at follow-up) and oral allergy syndrome (OAS, from 23.4% to 37.7%). Compared to baseline, the prevalence of skin sensitization to some pollens (Phleum pratense, Corylus avellana, Platanus acerifolia, Artemisia vulgaris) and vegetables (hazelnut, wheat, and apple) significantly decreased at follow-up. Earlier onset of SAR and polysensitization at baseline were associated with incident asthma at follow-up. The presence at baseline of serum IgE to the following allergen molecules was identified as biomarkers of clinical evolution: (a) Phl p 1, for persistence of SAR; (b) Phl p 5, for persistence of both rhinitis and asthma; (c) Pru p 3, for new onset of asthma; (d) Bet v 1, for persistence of OAS. CONCLUSIONS Seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is clinically heterogeneous in its evolution from childhood to adolescence. The detection of serum IgE to specific molecules (Phl p 1, Phl p 5, Bet v 1, Pru p 3) may be useful as biomarkers to predict SAR persistence and future onset of comorbidities, such as asthma and/or OAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cipriani
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Tripodi
- Pediatric Department and Pediatric Allergology Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Panetta
- Consultancy & Training, Biostatistics, L'altrastatistica srl, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charite Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Serena Perna
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charite Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Potapova
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charite Medical University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arianna Dondi
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charite Medical University, Berlin, Germany.,Pediatric Emergency Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Caffarelli
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Cervone
- Pediatric Unit, San Giuseppe Hospital, Empoli, Italy
| | - Loredana Chini
- UOSD di Immunopatologia ed Allergologia Pediatrica, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Michele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Dipartimento della Donna, del Bambino e di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Marcella Gallucci
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Giannetti
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Mastrorilli
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charite Medical University, Berlin, Germany.,Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Viviana Moschese
- UOSD di Immunopatologia ed Allergologia Pediatrica, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ifigenia Sfika
- Pediatric Department and Pediatric Allergology Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Varin
- Pediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Villella
- Pediatric Department and Pediatric Allergology Unit, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giampaolo Ricci
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Matricardi
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charite Medical University, Berlin, Germany
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Alan Ş, Şahin AA, Sarışahin T, Şahin S, Kaplan A, Pınar NM. The effect of geographical and climatic properties on grass pollen and Phl p 5 allergen release. Int J Biometeorol 2018; 62:1325-1337. [PMID: 29626255 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Poaceae family, including grasses, comprises several cosmopolitan and allergenic species. The aim of this study was to determine the correlations between Poaceae pollen and Phl p 5 allergen concentrations in two cities with different geographical and climatic properties in Turkey. Pollen were collected from Burkard traps in Ankara and Zonguldak. Phl p 5 sampling was carried out between March and October in both 2015 and 2016 using a BGI900 Cascade High Volume Air Sampler (900 L/min.). The concentrations of Phl p 5 were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The annual sum of Poaceae pollen (pollen index) during 2015-2016 was 5454 in Ankara and 4142 in Zonguldak. The total Phl p 5 concentration was 1309 pg/m3 in Zonguldak, whereas it was 8181 pg/m3 in Ankara over 2 years. About 90% of the allergen was found in the fraction with particulate matter (PM) > 10 μm in both cities. It was found that the main meteorological parameter which affected pollen and Phl p 5 was temperature in both stations. Rainfall was also found to be important for Zonguldak, due to its climatic and geographic properties. Lastly, we suggest that the primary wind direction, which is from the south of Zonguldak, could have a 'drift effect' for allergens because of the airborne pollen concentrations and the dates on which the allergen is released into the atmosphere. The wind direction may be an important factor in the distribution of allergen and pollen grains in stations, especially those with a hilly topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şenol Alan
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Bülent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Aydan Acar Şahin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Sarışahin
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Bülent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Serap Şahin
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Bülent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kaplan
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Bülent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Nur Münevver Pınar
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Bastl K, Kmenta M, Pessi AM, Prank M, Saarto A, Sofiev M, Bergmann KC, Buters JTM, Thibaudon M, Jäger S, Berger U. First comparison of symptom data with allergen content (Bet v 1 and Phl p 5 measurements) and pollen data from four European regions during 2009-2011. Sci Total Environ 2016; 548-549:229-235. [PMID: 26802351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The level of symptoms in pollen allergy sufferers and users of the Patient's Hayfever Diary (PHD), does not directly reflect the total amount of pollen in the air. It is necessary to explain the symptom load and thus the development of allergic symptoms and to determine which environmental factors, besides the pollen load, influence variables. It seems reasonable to suspect allergen content because the amount of allergen varies throughout seasons and regions and is not always correlated with the total pollen amount. METHODS Data on the allergen content of ambient air (Bet v 1 and Phl p 5) from 2009 until 2011 was used to compare the respective pollen and symptom loads for study regions in Austria, Germany, France and Finland. RESULTS Our findings suggest that allergen amount (Bet v 1/Phl p 5) has a strong but regionally dependent impact on the symptom load of pollen allergy sufferers. Peak symptom loads can be traced with peak allergen loads. The influence of other important aeroallergens should also be assessed during the pollen season. CONCLUSION Allergen concentrations have an impact on pollen allergy sufferers although not as clear as assumed previously. The pattern of pollen load and major allergen content distribution does not directly explain the symptom load pattern, although significant positive correlations were found. Thus, monitoring of symptoms via voluntary crowdsourcing should be considered for future pollen and symptom forecasts in order to support pollen allergy sufferers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bastl
- University Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Medizinische Universität Wien, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Kmenta
- University Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Medizinische Universität Wien, Austria; Department of Paleontology, Universität Wien, Austria
| | | | - Marje Prank
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Karl-Christian Bergmann
- Charité, Allergy-Centre-Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeroen T M Buters
- ZAUM - Center of Allergy & Environment, Helmholtz Zentrum München/Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; CK-CARE, Christine Kühne Centre for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Michel Thibaudon
- RNSA (Réseau National de Surveillance Aérobiologique), Brussieu, France
| | - Siegfried Jäger
- University Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Medizinische Universität Wien, Austria
| | - Uwe Berger
- University Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Medizinische Universität Wien, Austria
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Ashjaei K, Palmberger D, Bublin M, Bajna E, Breiteneder H, Grabherr R, Ellinger I, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K. Atopic donor status does not influence the uptake of the major grass pollen allergen, Phl p 5, by dendritic cells. J Immunol Methods 2015; 424:120-30. [PMID: 26055335 PMCID: PMC4739503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are sentinels of the immune system for antigen recognition and uptake, as well as presentation to naïve T cells for stimulation or priming. Internalization and endocytic degradation of allergens by DCs are important steps required for T cell priming. In the current study we investigated binding and internalization of purified recombinant non-glycosylated grass pollen allergen, Phl p 5, and natural non-specific lipid transfer protein from sunflower, SF-nsLTP to human monocyte derived dendritic cells (MoDCs). Colocalization of Phl p 5 with low affinity (CD23) or high affinity receptor (FcεRI) was investigated by immunofluorescence staining. Likewise, localization of the allergens in early (EE) and late endosomes (LE) was detected by co-staining for early endosome antigen (EEA1) and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). In our experimental setting we could demonstrate that Phl p 5 as well as SF-nsLTP bound to MoDCs from both, grass pollen allergic and non-allergic individuals. Competitive allergen uptake experiments demonstrated non-preferential and simultaneous uptake of Phl p 5 and SF-nsLTP by MoDCs. No overlap of signals from Phl p 5 and CD23 or FcεRI was detectable, excluding IgE-mediated uptake for this allergen. Both allergens, Phl p 5 and SF-nsLTP, were localized in early and late endosomes. The present study applied a set of methods to assess the allergen uptake by MoDCs in an in vitro model. No qualitative and quantitative differences in the allergen uptake of both, Phl p 5 and SF-nsLTP were detected in single and competitive assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Ashjaei
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Dieter Palmberger
- Vienna Institute of Biotechnology - VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Merima Bublin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Erika Bajna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- Vienna Institute of Biotechnology - VIBT, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Baranyi U, Gattringer M, Farkas AM, Hock K, Pilat N, Iacomini J, Valenta R, Wekerle T. The site of allergen expression in hematopoietic cells determines the degree and quality of tolerance induced through molecular chimerism. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2451-60. [PMID: 23765421 PMCID: PMC3816328 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The transplantation of allergens (e.g. Phl p 5 or Bet v 1) expressed on BM cells as membrane-anchored full-length proteins leads to permanent tolerance at the T-cell, B-cell, and effector-cell levels. Since the exposure of complete allergens bears the risk of inducing anaphylaxis, we investigated here whether expression of Phl p 5 in the cytoplasm (rather than on the cell surface) is sufficient for tolerance induction. Transplantation of BALB/c BM retrovirally transduced to express Phl p 5 in the cytoplasm led to stable and durable molecular chimerism in syngeneic recipients (∼20% chimerism at 6 months). Chimeras showed allergen-specific T-cell hyporesponsiveness. Further, Phl p 5-specific TH 1-dependent humoral responses were tolerized in several chimeras. Surprisingly, Phl p 5-specific IgE and IgG1 levels were significantly reduced but still detectable in sera of chimeric mice, indicating incomplete B-cell tolerance. No Phl p 5-specific sIgM developed in cytoplasmic chimeras, which is in marked contrast to mice transplanted with BM expressing membrane-anchored Phl p 5. Thus, the expression site of the allergen substantially influences the degree and quality of tolerance achieved with molecular chimerism in IgE-mediated allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Baranyi
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Martina Gattringer
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Andreas M Farkas
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Karin Hock
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Nina Pilat
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - John Iacomini
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wekerle
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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