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Cao ZH, Song D, Hu Y, Liang M, Xu Q, Wang SH, Ye JL, Xie ZZ, Deng XX, Chai LJ. An S-locus F-box protein as pollen S determinant targets non-self S-RNase underlying self-incompatibility in Citrus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3891-3902. [PMID: 38486360 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a crucial mechanism that prevents self-fertilization and inbreeding in flowering plants. Citrus exhibits SI regulated by a polymorphic S-locus containing an S-RNase gene and multiple S-locus F-box (SLF) genes. It has been documented that S-RNase functions as the pistil S determinant, but there is no direct evidence that the SLF genes closely linked with S-RNase function as pollen S determinants in Citrus. This study assembled the genomes of two pummelo (Citrus grandis) plants, obtained three novel complete and well-annotated S-haplotypes, and isolated 36 SLF or SLF-like alleles on the S-loci. Phylogenetic analysis of 138 SLFs revealed that the SLF genes were classified into 12 types, including six types with divergent or missing alleles. Furthermore, transformation experiments verified that the conserved S6-SLF7a protein can lead to the transition of SI to self-compatibility by recognizing non-self S8-RNase in 'Mini-Citrus' plants (S7S8 and S8S29, Fortunella hindsii), a model plant for citrus gene function studies. In vitro assays demonstrated interactions between SLFs of different S haplotypes and the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box subunit CgSSK1 protein. This study provides direct evidence that SLF controls the pollen function in Citrus, demonstrating its role in the 'non-self recognition' SI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Hong Cao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Song
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mei Liang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shao-Hua Wang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Jun-Li Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zong-Zhou Xie
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiu-Xin Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jun Chai
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Gawande ND, Bhalla H, Watts A, Shelake RM, Sankaranarayanan S. Application of genome editing in plant reproductive biology: recent advances and challenges. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2024:10.1007/s00497-024-00506-w. [PMID: 38954018 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-024-00506-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE This comprehensive review underscores the application of genome editing in plant reproductive biology, including recent advances and challenges associated with it. Genome editing (GE) is a powerful technology that has the potential to accelerate crop improvement by enabling efficient, precise, and rapid engineering of plant genomes. Over the last decade, this technology has rapidly evolved from the use of meganucleases (homing endonucleases), zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases to the use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas), which has emerged as a popular GE tool in recent times and has been extensively used in several organisms, including plants. GE has been successfully employed in several crops to improve plant reproductive traits. Improving crop reproductive traits is essential for crop yields and securing the world's food supplies. In this review, we discuss the application of GE in various aspects of plant reproductive biology, including its potential application in haploid induction, apomixis, parthenocarpy, development of male sterile lines, and the regulation of self-incompatibility. We also discuss current challenges and future prospects of this technology for crop improvement, focusing on plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh D Gawande
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Hemal Bhalla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Anshul Watts
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Mahadev Shelake
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Korea
| | - Subramanian Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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Partap M, Verma V, Thakur M, Bhargava B. Designing of future ornamental crops: a biotechnological driven perspective. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad192. [PMID: 38023473 PMCID: PMC10681008 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
With a basis in human appreciation of beauty and aesthetic values, the new era of ornamental crops is based on implementing innovative technologies and transforming symbols into tangible assets. Recent advances in plant biotechnology have attracted considerable scientific and industrial interest, particularly in terms of modifying desired plant traits and developing future ornamental crops. By utilizing omics approaches, genomic data, genetic engineering, and gene editing tools, scientists have successively explored the underlying molecular mechanism and potential gene(s) behind trait regulation such as floral induction, plant architecture, stress resistance, plasticity, adaptation, and phytoremediation in ornamental crop species. These signs of progress lay a theoretical and practical foundation for designing and enhancing the efficiency of ornamental plants for a wide range of applications. In this review, we briefly summarized the existing literature and advances in biotechnological approaches for the improvement of vital traits in ornamental plants. The future ornamental plants, such as light-emitting plants, biotic/abiotic stress detectors, and pollution abatement, and the introduction of new ornamental varieties via domestication of wild species are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahinder Partap
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vipasha Verma
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
| | - Meenakshi Thakur
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
| | - Bhavya Bhargava
- Floriculture Laboratory, Agrotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Post Box No. 6, 176 061 (HP) Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Farinati S, Draga S, Betto A, Palumbo F, Vannozzi A, Lucchin M, Barcaccia G. Current insights and advances into plant male sterility: new precision breeding technology based on genome editing applications. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1223861. [PMID: 37521915 PMCID: PMC10382145 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1223861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant male sterility (MS) represents the inability of the plant to generate functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes. Developing MS lines represents one of the most important challenges in plant breeding programs, since the establishment of MS lines is a major goal in F1 hybrid production. For these reasons, MS lines have been developed in several species of economic interest, particularly in horticultural crops and ornamental plants. Over the years, MS has been accomplished through many different techniques ranging from approaches based on cross-mediated conventional breeding methods, to advanced devices based on knowledge of genetics and genomics to the most advanced molecular technologies based on genome editing (GE). GE methods, in particular gene knockout mediated by CRISPR/Cas-related tools, have resulted in flexible and successful strategic ideas used to alter the function of key genes, regulating numerous biological processes including MS. These precision breeding technologies are less time-consuming and can accelerate the creation of new genetic variability with the accumulation of favorable alleles, able to dramatically change the biological process and resulting in a potential efficiency of cultivar development bypassing sexual crosses. The main goal of this manuscript is to provide a general overview of insights and advances into plant male sterility, focusing the attention on the recent new breeding GE-based applications capable of inducing MS by targeting specific nuclear genic loci. A summary of the mechanisms underlying the recent CRISPR technology and relative success applications are described for the main crop and ornamental species. The future challenges and new potential applications of CRISPR/Cas systems in MS mutant production and other potential opportunities will be discussed, as generating CRISPR-edited DNA-free by transient transformation system and transgenerational gene editing for introducing desirable alleles and for precision breeding strategies.
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Suputri NPAEO, Prasojo IS, Prabowo LAT, Purwestri YA, Semiarti E. Identification of early flowering mutant gene in Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume for sgRNA construction in CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e268133. [PMID: 37283391 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.268133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume commonly called Moth Orchid (Orchidaceae) is a natural orchid species designated as the National Flower of Indonesia for its beautiful flower shape and long-lasting flowering period. Basically, P. amabilis has a long vegetative phase that cause late flowering, about 2 to 3 years for flowering, hence a method to shorten vegetative period is desired. The latest technological approach that can be used to accelerate flowering of P. amabilis is the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method to inactivate the GAI (Gibberellic Acid Insensitive) gene as a mutant gene that can accelerate the regulation of FLOWERING TIME (FT) genes flowering biosynthesis pathway. The approach that needs to be taken is to silence the GAI gene with a knockout system which begins with identifying and characterizing the GAI target gene in the P. amabilis which will be used as a single guide RNA. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout efficiency is highly dependent on the properties of the sgRNA used. SgRNA consists of a target sequence, determining its specificity performance. We executed phylogenetic clustering for the PaGAI protein with closely related orchid species such as Dendrobium capra, Dendrobium cultivars and Cymbidium sinensis. SWISS-Model as tool webserver for protein structure homology modeling. Results show that P. amabilis has a specific domain with the occurrence of point mutations in the two conservative domains. Therefore, a single guide RNA reconstruction needs to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P A E O Suputri
- Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Biology, Department of Tropical Biology, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - I S Prasojo
- Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Biology, Department of Tropical Biology, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - L A T Prabowo
- Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Biology, Department of Tropical Biology, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Y A Purwestri
- Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Biology, Department of Tropical Biology, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - E Semiarti
- Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Biology, Department of Tropical Biology, Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Sun L, Cao S, Zheng N, Kao TH. Analyses of Cullin1 homologs reveal functional redundancy in S-RNase-based self-incompatibility and evolutionary relationships in eudicots. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:673-699. [PMID: 36478090 PMCID: PMC9940881 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In Petunia (Solanaceae family), self-incompatibility (SI) is regulated by the polymorphic S-locus, which contains the pistil-specific S-RNase and multiple pollen-specific S-Locus F-box (SLF) genes. SLFs assemble into E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes known as Skp1-Cullin1-F-box complexes (SCFSLF). In pollen tubes, these complexes collectively mediate ubiquitination and degradation of all nonself S-RNases, but not self S-RNase, resulting in cross-compatible, but self-incompatible, pollination. Using Petunia inflata, we show that two pollen-expressed Cullin1 (CUL1) proteins, PiCUL1-P and PiCUL1-B, function redundantly in SI. This redundancy is lost in Petunia hybrida, not because of the inability of PhCUL1-B to interact with SSK1, but due to a reduction in the PhCUL1-B transcript level. This is possibly caused by the presence of a DNA transposon in the PhCUL1-B promoter region, which was inherited from Petunia axillaris, one of the parental species of Pe. hybrida. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses of Cullin genes in various eudicots show that three Solanaceae-specific CUL1 genes share a common origin, with CUL1-P dedicated to S-RNase-related reproductive processes. However, CUL1-B is a dispersed duplicate of CUL1-P present only in Petunia, and not in the other species of the Solanaceae family examined. We suggest that the CUL1s involved (or potentially involved) in the SI response in eudicots share a common origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhan Sun
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Shiyun Cao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Ning Zheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Teh-hui Kao
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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7
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Sharma P, Pandey A, Malviya R, Dey S, Karmakar S, Gayen D. Genome editing for improving nutritional quality, post-harvest shelf life and stress tolerance of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals. Front Genome Ed 2023; 5:1094965. [PMID: 36911238 PMCID: PMC9998953 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2023.1094965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural production relies on horticultural crops, including vegetables, fruits, and ornamental plants, which sustain human life. With an alarming increase in human population and the consequential need for more food, it has become necessary for increased production to maintain food security. Conventional breeding has subsidized the development of improved verities but to enhance crop production, new breeding techniques need to be acquired. CRISPR-Cas9 system is a unique and powerful genome manipulation tool that can change the DNA in a precise way. Based on the bacterial adaptive immune system, this technique uses an endonuclease that creates double-stranded breaks (DSBs) at the target loci under the guidance of a single guide RNA. These DSBs can be repaired by a cellular repair mechanism that installs small insertion and deletion (indels) at the cut sites. When equated to alternate editing tools like ZFN, TALENs, and meganucleases, CRISPR- The cas-based editing tool has quickly gained fast-forward for its simplicity, ease to use, and low off-target effect. In numerous horticultural and industrial crops, the CRISPR technology has been successfully used to enhance stress tolerance, self-life, nutritional improvements, flavor, and metabolites. The CRISPR-based tool is the most appropriate one with the prospective goal of generating non-transgenic yields and avoiding the regulatory hurdles to release the modified crops into the market. Although several challenges for editing horticultural, industrial, and ornamental crops remain, this new novel nuclease, with its crop-specific application, makes it a dynamic tool for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punam Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Anuradha Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Rinku Malviya
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | - Sharmistha Dey
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
| | | | - Dipak Gayen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, India
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Li JC, Wang Y, Dai HF, Sun Q. Global transcriptome dissection of pollen-pistil interactions induced self-incompatibility in dragon fruit ( Selenicereus spp.). PeerJ 2022; 10:e14165. [PMID: 36340195 PMCID: PMC9635355 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a major issue in dragon fruit (Selenicereus spp.) breeding and production. Therefore, a better understanding of the dragon fruit SI mechanism is needed to improve breeding efficiency and ultimate production costs. To reveal the underlying mechanisms of SI in dragon fruit, plant anatomy, de novo RNA sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis, and multiple bioinformatic approaches were used to analyze gene expression in the pistils of the self-pollinated and cross-pollinated dragon fruit flowers at different intervals of time after pollination. Using fluorescence microscopy, we observed that the pollen of 'Hongshuijing', a self-incompatible dragon fruit variety (S. monacanthus), germinated on its own stigma. However, the pollen tube elongation has ceased at 1/2 of the style, confirming that dragon fruit experiences gametophyte self-incompatibility (GSI). We found that the pollen tube elongation in vitro was inhibited by self-style glycoproteins in the SI variety, indicating that glycoproteins were involved in SI. That is to say the female S factor should be homologous of S-RNase or PrsS (P. rhoeas stigma S factor), both of which are glycoproteins and are the female S factors of the two known GSI mechanism respectively. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that among the 43,954 assembled unigenes from pistil, there were six S-RNase genes, while 158 F-box genes were identified from a pollen transcriptomic dataset. There were no P. rhoeas type S genes discovered. Thus, the identified S-RNase and F-box represent the candidate female and male S genes, respectively. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the self and cross-pollinated pistils at different time intervals led to the identification of 6,353 genes. We then used a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to find some non-S locus genes in SI responses in dragon fruit. Additionally, 13 transcription factors (TFs) (YABBY4, ANL2, ERF43, ARF2, BLH7, KNAT6, PIF3, two OBF1, two HY5 and two LHY/CCA) were identified to be involved in dragon fruit GSI. Thus, we uncovered candidate S and non-S genes and predicted more SI-related genes for a more detailed investigation of the molecular mechanism of dragon fruit SI. Our findings suggest that dragon fruit possesses a GSI system and involves some unique regulators. This study lays the groundwork for future research into SI mechanisms in dragon fruit and other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-cheng Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-fen Dai
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingming Sun
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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9
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Sirohi U, Kumar M, Sharma VR, Teotia S, Singh D, Chaudhary V, Yadav MK. CRISPR/Cas9 System: A Potential Tool for Genetic Improvement in Floricultural Crops. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:1303-1318. [PMID: 35751797 PMCID: PMC9244459 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Demand of flowers is increasing with time worldwide. Floriculture has become one of the most important commercial trades in agriculture. Although traditional breeding methods like hybridization and mutation breeding have contributed significantly to the development of important flower varieties, flower production and quality of flowers can be significantly improved by employing modern breeding approaches. Novel traits of significance have interest to consumers and producers, such as fragrance, new floral color, change in floral architecture and morphology, vase life, aroma, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, have been introduced by genetic manipulation. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system has recently emerged as a powerful genome-editing tool for accurately changing DNA sequences at specific locations. It provides excellent means of genetically improving floricultural crops. CRISPR/Cas system has been utilized in gene editing in horticultural cops. There are few reports on the utilization of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in flowers. The current review summarizes the research work done by employing the CRISPR/Cas9 system in floricultural crops including improvement in flowering traits such as color modification, prolonging the shelf life of flowers, flower initiation, and development, changes in color of ornamental foliage by genome editing. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing could be useful in developing novel cultivars with higher fragrance and enhanced essential oil and many other useful traits. The present review also highlights the basic mechanism and key components involved in the CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Sirohi
- Present Address: National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, 110067 India
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110 India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110 India
| | - Vinukonda Rakesh Sharma
- Plant Genetic Resources and Improvement, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226001 India
| | - Sachin Teotia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306 India
| | - Deepali Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201308 India
| | - Veena Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Meerut College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250003 India
| | - Manoj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, SVPUAT, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250110 India
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Naik BJ, Shimoga G, Kim SC, Manjulatha M, Subramanyam Reddy C, Palem RR, Kumar M, Kim SY, Lee SH. CRISPR/Cas9 and Nanotechnology Pertinence in Agricultural Crop Refinement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:843575. [PMID: 35463432 PMCID: PMC9024397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.843575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) method is a versatile technique that can be applied in crop refinement. Currently, the main reasons for declining agricultural yield are global warming, low rainfall, biotic and abiotic stresses, in addition to soil fertility issues caused by the use of harmful chemicals as fertilizers/additives. The declining yields can lead to inadequate supply of nutritional food as per global demand. Grains and horticultural crops including fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants are crucial in sustaining human life. Genomic editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and nanotechnology has numerous advantages in crop development. Improving crop production using transgenic-free CRISPR/Cas9 technology and produced fertilizers, pesticides, and boosters for plants by adopting nanotechnology-based protocols can essentially overcome the universal food scarcity. This review briefly gives an overview on the potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 and nanotechnology-based methods in developing the cultivation of major agricultural crops. In addition, the limitations and major challenges of genome editing in grains, vegetables, and fruits have been discussed in detail by emphasizing its applications in crop refinement strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banavath Jayanna Naik
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeju, South Korea
| | - Ganesh Shimoga
- Interaction Laboratory, Future Convergence Engineering, Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- Research Institute of Climate Change and Agriculture, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeju, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Youn Kim
- Interaction Laboratory, Future Convergence Engineering, Advanced Technology Research Center, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Zhao H, Song Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Huang H, Li Q, Zhang Y, Xue Y. Primary restriction of S-RNase cytotoxicity by a stepwise ubiquitination and degradation pathway in Petunia hybrida. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1249-1264. [PMID: 33932295 PMCID: PMC8361771 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In self-incompatible Petunia species, the pistil S-RNase acts as cytotoxin to inhibit self-pollination but is polyubiquitinated by the pollen-specific nonself S-locus F-box (SLF) proteins and subsequently degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), allowing cross-pollination. However, it remains unclear how S-RNase is restricted by the UPS. Using biochemical analyses, we first show that Petunia hybrida S3 -RNase is largely ubiquitinated by K48-linked polyubiquitin chains at three regions, R I, R II and R III. R I is ubiquitinated in unpollinated, self-pollinated and cross-pollinated pistils, indicating its occurrence before PhS3 -RNase uptake into pollen tubes, whereas R II and R III are exclusively ubiquitinated in cross-pollinated pistils. Transgenic analyses showed that removal of R II ubiquitination resulted in significantly reduced seed sets from cross-pollination and that of R I and R III to a lesser extent, indicating their increased cytotoxicity. Consistent with this, the mutated R II of PhS3 -RNase resulted in a marked reduction of its degradation, whereas that of R I and R III resulted in less reduction. Taken together, we demonstrate that PhS3 -RNase R II functions as a major ubiquitination region for its destruction and R I and R III as minor ones, revealing that its cytotoxicity is primarily restricted by a stepwise UPS mechanism for cross-pollination in P. hybrida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and The Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yanzhai Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and The Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Junhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and The Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and The Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Huaqiu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and The Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Qun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and The Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Yu’e Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and The Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Yongbiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and The Innovation Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of Sciences and National Centre for BioinformationBeijing100101China
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain CropsYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China
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12
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Qin X, Chetelat RT. Ornithine decarboxylase genes contribute to S-RNase-independent pollen rejection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:452-468. [PMID: 33576789 PMCID: PMC8154068 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Unilateral incompatibility (UI) manifests as pollen rejection in the pistil, typically when self-incompatible (SI) species are pollinated by self-compatible (SC) relatives. In the Solanaceae, UI occurs when pollen lack resistance to stylar S-RNases, but other, S-RNase-independent mechanisms exist. Pistils of the wild tomato Solanum pennellii LA0716 (SC) lack S-RNase yet reject cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, SC) pollen. In this cross, UI results from low pollen expression of a farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase gene (FPS2) in S. lycopersicum. Using pollen from fps2-/- loss-of-function mutants in S. pennellii, we identified a pistil factor locus, ui3.1, required for FPS2-based pollen rejection. We mapped ui3.1 to an interval containing 108 genes situated on the IL 3-3 introgression. This region includes a cluster of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC2) genes, with four copies in S. pennellii, versus one in S. lycopersicum. Expression of ODC2 transcript was 1,034-fold higher in S. pennellii than in S. lycopersicum styles. Pistils of odc2-/- knockout mutants in IL 3-3 or S. pennellii fail to reject fps2 pollen and abolish transmission ratio distortion (TRD) associated with FPS2. Pollen of S. lycopersicum express low levels of FPS2 and are compatible on IL 3-3 pistils, but incompatible on IL 12-3 × IL 3-3 hybrids, which express both ODC2 and ui12.1, a locus thought to encode the SI proteins HT-A and HT-B. TRD observed in F2 IL 12-3 × IL 3-3 points to additional ODC2-interacting pollen factors on both chromosomes. Thus, ODC2 genes contribute to S-RNase independent UI and interact genetically with ui12.1 to strengthen pollen rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Qin
- Department of Plant Sciences (ms #3), University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
| | - Roger T Chetelat
- Department of Plant Sciences (ms #3), University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616
- Author for communication:
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13
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Genome editing in fruit, ornamental, and industrial crops. Transgenic Res 2021; 30:499-528. [PMID: 33825100 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-021-00240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The advent of genome editing has opened new avenues for targeted trait enhancement in fruit, ornamental, industrial, and all specialty crops. In particular, CRISPR-based editing systems, derived from bacterial immune systems, have quickly become routinely used tools for research groups across the world seeking to edit plant genomes with a greater level of precision, higher efficiency, reduced off-target effects, and overall ease-of-use compared to ZFNs and TALENs. CRISPR systems have been applied successfully to a number of horticultural and industrial crops to enhance fruit ripening, increase stress tolerance, modify plant architecture, control the timing of flower development, and enhance the accumulation of desired metabolites, among other commercially-important traits. As editing technologies continue to advance, so too does the ability to generate improved crop varieties with non-transgenic modifications; in some crops, direct transgene-free edits have already been achieved, while in others, T-DNAs have successfully been segregated out through crossing. In addition to the potential to produce non-transgenic edited crops, and thereby circumvent regulatory impediments to the release of new, improved crop varieties, targeted gene editing can speed up trait improvement in crops with long juvenile phases, reducing inputs resulting in faster market introduction to the market. While many challenges remain regarding optimization of genome editing in ornamental, fruit, and industrial crops, the ongoing discovery of novel nucleases with niche specialties for engineering applications may form the basis for additional and potentially crop-specific editing strategies.
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Giovannini A, Laura M, Nesi B, Savona M, Cardi T. Genes and genome editing tools for breeding desirable phenotypes in ornamentals. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:461-478. [PMID: 33388891 PMCID: PMC7778708 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We review the main genes underlying commercial traits in cut flower species and critically discuss the possibility to apply genome editing approaches to produce novel variation and phenotypes. Promoting flowering and flower longevity as well as creating novelty in flower structure, colour range and fragrances are major objectives of ornamental plant breeding. The novel genome editing techniques add new possibilities to study gene function and breed new varieties. The implementation of such techniques, however, relies on detailed information about structure and function of genomes and genes. Moreover, improved protocols for efficient delivery of editing reagents are required. Recent results of the application of genome editing techniques to elite ornamental crops are discussed in this review. Enabling technologies and genomic resources are reviewed in relation to the implementation of such approaches. Availability of the main gene sequences, underlying commercial traits and in vitro transformation protocols are provided for the world's best-selling cut flowers, namely rose, lily, chrysanthemum, lisianthus, tulip, gerbera, freesia, alstroemeria, carnation and hydrangea. Results obtained so far are described and their implications for the improvement of flowering, flower architecture, colour, scent and shelf-life are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Giovannini
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - M. Laura
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - B. Nesi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Via dei Fiori 8, 51017 Pescia, Italy
| | - M. Savona
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - T. Cardi
- CREA Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (CREA OF), Via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
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15
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Ren Y, Hua Q, Pan J, Zhang Z, Zhao J, He X, Qin Y, Hu G. SKP1-like protein, CrSKP1-e, interacts with pollen-specific F-box proteins and assembles into SCF-type E3 complex in 'Wuzishatangju' ( Citrus reticulata Blanco) pollen. PeerJ 2021; 8:e10578. [PMID: 33391881 PMCID: PMC7761267 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
S-ribonuclease (S-RNase)-based self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms have been extensively studied in Solanaceae, Rosaceae and Plantaginaceae. S-RNase-based SI is controlled by two closely related genes, S-RNase and S-locus F-box (SLF), located at a polymorphic S-locus. In the SI system, the SCF-type (SKP1-CUL1-F-box-RBX1) complex functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex for ubiquitination of non-self S-RNase. Pummelo (Citrus grandis) and several mandarin cultivars are suggested to utilize an S-RNase-based SI system. However, the molecular mechanism of the non-S-factors involved in the SI reaction is not straightforward in Citrus. To investigate the SCF-type E3 complex responsible for the SI reaction in mandarin, SLF, SKP1-like and CUL1 candidates potentially involved in the SI reaction of ‘Wuzishatangju’ (Citrus reticulata Blanco) were identified based on the genome-wide identification and expression analyses. Sixteen pollen-specific F-box genes (CrFBX1-CrFBX16), one pollen-specific SKP1-like gene (CrSKP1-e) and two CUL1 genes (CrCUL1A and CrCUL1B) were identified and cloned from ‘Wuzishatangju’. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and in vitro binding assays showed that five CrFBX proteins could bind to CrSKP1-e, which is an ortholog of SSK1 (SLF-interacting-SKP1-like), a non-S-factor responsible for the SI reaction. Luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) and in vitro binding assays also showed that CrSKP1-e interacts with the N-terminal region of both CrCUL1A and CrCUL1B. These results indicate that CrSKP1-e may serve as a functional member of the SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex in ‘Wuzishatangju’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of South China Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingzhu Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of South China Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of South China Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of South China Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jietang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of South China Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of South China Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/ Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory of South China Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Mekapogu M, Vasamsetti BMK, Kwon OK, Ahn MS, Lim SH, Jung JA. Anthocyanins in Floral Colors: Biosynthesis and Regulation in Chrysanthemum Flowers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186537. [PMID: 32906764 PMCID: PMC7554973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is an economically important ornamental crop across the globe. As floral color is the major factor determining customer selection, manipulation of floral color has been a major objective for breeders. Anthocyanins are one of the main pigments contributing to a broad variety of colors in the ray florets of chrysanthemum. Manipulating petal pigments has resulted in the development of a vast range of floral colors. Although the candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis have been well studied, the genetic and transcriptional control of floral color remains unclear. Despite advances in multi-omics technology, these methods remain in their infancy in chrysanthemum, owing to its large complex genome and hexaploidy. Hence, there is a need to further elucidate and better understand the genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms in chrysanthemum, which can provide a basis for future advances in breeding for novel and diverse floral colors in this commercially beneficial crop. Therefore, this review describes the significance of anthocyanins in chrysanthemum flowers, and the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis under genetic and environmental factors, providing insight into the development of novel colored ray florets. Genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms that control anthocyanin biosynthesis and the various breeding efforts to modify floral color in chrysanthemum are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjulatha Mekapogu
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.M.); (O.-K.K.); (M.-S.A.)
| | - Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti
- Chemical Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Oh-Keun Kwon
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.M.); (O.-K.K.); (M.-S.A.)
| | - Myung-Suk Ahn
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.M.); (O.-K.K.); (M.-S.A.)
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyoung National University, Anseong 17579, Korea;
| | - Jae-A Jung
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.M.); (O.-K.K.); (M.-S.A.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Ahn CH, Ramya M, An HR, Park PM, Kim YJ, Lee SY, Jang S. Progress and Challenges in the Improvement of Ornamental Plants by Genome Editing. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060687. [PMID: 32481726 PMCID: PMC7356337 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological approaches have been used to modify the floral color, size, and fragrance of ornamental plants, as well as to increase disease resistance and vase life. Together with the advancement of whole genome sequencing technologies, new plant breeding techniques have rapidly emerged in recent years. Compared to the early versions of gene editing tools, such as meganucleases (MNs), zinc fingers (ZFNs), and transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) is capable of altering a genome more efficiently and with higher accuracy. Most recently, new CRISPR systems, including base editors and prime editors, confer reduced off-target activity with improved DNA specificity and an expanded targeting scope. However, there are still controversial issues worldwide for the recognition of genome-edited plants, including whether genome-edited plants are genetically modified organisms and require a safety evaluation process. In the current review, we briefly summarize the current progress in gene editing systems and also introduce successful/representative cases of the CRISPR system application for the improvement of ornamental plants with desirable traits. Furthermore, potential challenges and future prospects in the use of genome-editing tools for ornamental plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Ahn
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (C.H.A.); (M.R.); (H.R.A.); (P.M.P.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Mummadireddy Ramya
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (C.H.A.); (M.R.); (H.R.A.); (P.M.P.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Hye Ryun An
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (C.H.A.); (M.R.); (H.R.A.); (P.M.P.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Pil Man Park
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (C.H.A.); (M.R.); (H.R.A.); (P.M.P.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Yae-Jin Kim
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (C.H.A.); (M.R.); (H.R.A.); (P.M.P.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Su Young Lee
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea; (C.H.A.); (M.R.); (H.R.A.); (P.M.P.); (Y.-J.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.L.); (S.J.); Tel.: +82-238-6840 (S.Y.L.); +82-63-238-6677 (S.J.)
| | - Seonghoe Jang
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office (WKO), Wanju-gun, Jellabuk-do 55365, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.Y.L.); (S.J.); Tel.: +82-238-6840 (S.Y.L.); +82-63-238-6677 (S.J.)
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18
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Muñoz-Sanz JV, Zuriaga E, Cruz-García F, McClure B, Romero C. Self-(In)compatibility Systems: Target Traits for Crop-Production, Plant Breeding, and Biotechnology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:195. [PMID: 32265945 PMCID: PMC7098457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms prevent self-fertilization in flowering plants based on specific discrimination between self- and non-self pollen. Since this trait promotes outcrossing and avoids inbreeding it is a widespread mechanism of controlling sexual plant reproduction. Growers and breeders have effectively exploited SI as a tool for manipulating domesticated crops for thousands of years. However, only within the past thirty years have studies begun to elucidate the underlying molecular features of SI. The specific S-determinants and some modifier factors controlling SI have been identified in the sporophytic system exhibited by Brassica species and in the two very distinct gametophytic systems present in Papaveraceae on one side and in Solanaceae, Rosaceae, and Plantaginaceae on the other. Molecular level studies have enabled SI to SC transitions (and vice versa) to be intentionally manipulated using marker assisted breeding and targeted approaches based on transgene integration, silencing, and more recently CRISPR knock-out of SI-related factors. These scientific advances have, in turn, provided a solid basis to implement new crop production and plant breeding practices. Applications of self-(in)compatibility include widely differing objectives such as crop yield and quality improvement, marker-assisted breeding through SI genotyping, and development of hybrids for overcoming intra- and interspecific reproductive barriers. Here, we review scientific progress as well as patented applications of SI, and also highlight future prospects including further elucidation of SI systems, deepening our understanding of SI-environment relationships, and new perspectives on plant self/non-self recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Zuriaga
- Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Felipe Cruz-García
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruce McClure
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Carlos Romero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)—Universitat Politécnica de València (UPV), Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Carlos Romero,
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19
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Erpen-Dalla Corte L, M. Mahmoud L, S. Moraes T, Mou Z, W. Grosser J, Dutt M. Development of Improved Fruit, Vegetable, and Ornamental Crops Using the CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technique. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E601. [PMID: 31847196 PMCID: PMC6963220 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Horticultural crops, including fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plants are an important component of the agriculture production systems and play an important role in sustaining human life. With a steady growth in the world's population and the consequent need for more food, sustainable and increased fruit and vegetable crop production is a major challenge to guarantee future food security. Although conventional breeding techniques have significantly contributed to the development of important varieties, new approaches are required to further improve horticultural crop production. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) has emerged as a valuable genome-editing tool able to change DNA sequences at precisely chosen loci. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was developed based on the bacterial adaptive immune system and comprises of an endonuclease guided by one or more single-guide RNAs to generate double-strand breaks. These breaks can then be repaired by the natural cellular repair mechanisms, during which genetic mutations are introduced. In a short time, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has become a popular genome-editing technique, with numerous examples of gene mutation and transcriptional regulation control in both model and crop plants. In this review, various aspects of the CRISPR/Cas9 system are explored, including a general presentation of the function of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in bacteria and its practical application as a biotechnological tool for editing plant genomes, particularly in horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lamiaa M. Mahmoud
- Pomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt;
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
| | - Tatiana S. Moraes
- Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA;
| | - Jude W. Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
| | - Manjul Dutt
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
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20
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Xu J, Hua K, Lang Z. Genome editing for horticultural crop improvement. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:113. [PMID: 31645967 PMCID: PMC6804600 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Horticultural crops provide humans with many valuable products. The improvement of the yield and quality of horticultural crops has been receiving increasing research attention. Given the development and advantages of genome-editing technologies, research that uses genome editing to improve horticultural crops has substantially increased in recent years. Here, we briefly review the different genome-editing systems used in horticultural research with a focus on clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing. We also summarize recent progress in the application of genome editing for horticultural crop improvement. The combination of rapidly advancing genome-editing technology with breeding will greatly increase horticultural crop production and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemeng Xu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Kai Hua
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhaobo Lang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
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